UNIT1 单元话题阅读一（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版2019）

[材料选自译林(2020)新教材选择性必修第三册Unit 4] ◎ Heritage① in danger② Welcome, everybody. It's wonderful to be here. Before we begin, I want to ask you: have you ever been awed③ by natural wonders? Have you ever been fascinated④ by human civilization⑤？ [1]If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve⑥ sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. I have the belief [2]that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! There are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent⑦ need of protection. Let's look at some specific issues. [1]why引导宾语从句，作动词understand的宾语。 [2]that引导同位语从句，作名词belief的同位语。 Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces. The long­term natural forces, such as wind, water and temperature, can gradually wear down⑧ heritage sites. For instance, the Great Pyramid⑨ of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally⑩. Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook southeastern Iran and ruined⑪ large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible⑫ UNESCO cultural heritage site. Another big danger is human activities. Wars can cause a great deal of⑬ damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites. Sometimes, amazing ancient clay⑭ sculptures⑮ and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile⑯ attacks during periods of violence⑰. [3]In some conflict⑱ areas where civil⑲ wars often break out⑳， fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. Meanwhile, World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems. One of the problems is the flood of tourists. Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year, [4]so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear. The temples of Angkor in Cambodia are typical examples of unique architecture. Every day, thousands of tourists [5]climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long­term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure. [4]it作形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正的主语。 [5]动词ing形式短语climbing up the narrow stone steps作定语，修饰先行词tourists。 Due to human population growth, the demand for production and consumption of goods increases. Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites in danger. Many heritage sites are even at risk of being lost forever. Take the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria as an example. The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. It is now on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to high­rise construction projects in central Vienna. Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves, but also for people. For instance, the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia is a natural heritage site in danger. Due to high seawater temperatures [6]caused by global warming, a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, [7]which harms its fragile natural ecology. As well as being home to a wide diversity of ocean species, the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area, [8]providing many job opportunities. It also helps protect the coastline against waves and floods. If the reef disappears, many people's lives and possibly even their homes will suffer greatly. [6]动词ed形式短语caused by global warming作定语，修饰先行词temperatures。 [7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [8]动词ing形式短语providing many job opportunities作状语。 Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind. [9]The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect. These sites are the great wonders of our world and tell the story of human civilization. We all share a joint responsibility [10]to protect and preserve them, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action. If you're interested, please look at our website and participate in any way [11]you can! Thank you. [9]本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型，意为“越……，越……”。 [10]动词不定式短语to protect and preserve them作目的状语。 [11]本句为定语从句，修饰先行词way。 ◎ ①heritage ['herɪtɪdʒ] n.遗产 ②in danger 处于危险之中 ③awe [ɔ：]vt.使惊叹，使敬畏n. 敬畏，惊叹 ④fascinate ['fæsɪneɪt] vt. 使着迷，深深吸引 ⑤civilization [ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 ⑥preserve [prɪ'zɜːv] vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持 ⑦urgent ['ɜːdʒənt] adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的 in urgent need of急需 ⑧wear down (使)磨损，(使)逐渐磨平 ⑨pyramid ['pɪrəmɪd] n. 金字塔 ⑩originally [ə'rɪdʒənəli] adv. 原来；起初 ⑪ruin ['ruːɪn] vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 ⑫incredible [ɪn'kredəbl] adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 ⑬a great deal of 许多，大量的 ⑭clay [kleɪ] n. 黏土，陶土 ⑮sculpture ['skʌlptʃə(r)] n. 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术 ⑯missile ['mɪsaɪl] n. 导弹 ⑰violence ['vaɪələns] n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 ⑱conflict ['kɒnflɪkt] n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致[kən'flɪkt] vi. 冲突，抵触 ⑲civil ['sɪvl] adj. 国民的；国家的；民事的 ⑳break out 爆发 on purpose 故意地 status ['steɪtəs] n. 身份，地位；状况，情形 give rise to 造成，引起，导致 wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗 irreparable [ɪ'repərəbl] adj. 无法弥补的，不能修复的，不可恢复的 internal [ɪn'tɜːnl] adj. 内部的；国内的 take... as an example 以……为例 disastrous [dɪ'zɑːstrəs] adj. 极糟糕的；灾难性的 outcome ['aʊtkʌm] n. 结果，效果 reef [riːf] n. 礁，礁脉 coral ['kɒrəl] n. 珊瑚 adj. 珊瑚色的 ecology [i'kɒlədʒi] n. 生态，生态学 boost [buːst] vt. 促进；使增长；使兴旺 agenda [ə'dʒendə] n. 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 for the benefit of 为了……的利益；为……好 at the thought of 一想到…… ◎ 遗产岌岌可危 欢迎各位。很高兴来到这里。在我们开始之前，我想问你们：你们曾经惊叹过自然奇观吗？你曾经被人类文明深深吸引过吗？如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。我相信你们中的一些人听说过被列入联合国教科文组织的遗址，甚至可能参观过一处！目前，全球160多个国家有大约1 100个遗址。不幸的是，他们面临各种危险，其中许多迫切需要保护。让我们来看一些具体问题。 遗址受到自然力的威胁。诸如风、水和气温等长期存在的自然力会逐渐侵蚀遗产地。例如，吉萨大金字塔现在比原来矮了几米。自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 另一大危险是人类活动。战争会对文化和自然遗产造成巨大破坏。有时，令人惊叹的古代泥塑和建筑在暴力期间被导弹袭击意外摧毁。在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战斗人员甚至故意破坏遗址。 同时，世界遗址的地位可能会引发一系列问题。其中一个问题是游客的泛滥。每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游，所以这些遗产地遭受些损坏是很自然的。柬埔寨吴哥窟的寺庙是独特建筑的典型代表。每天都有成千上万的游客爬上狭窄的石阶，这些古建筑正在被磨损，长期的后果是可能会导致内部结构无法修复的破坏。 由于人口的增长，商品的需求和产品消费需求也在增加。广泛的开发使我们的文化和自然遗产处于危险之中。许多遗址甚至有可能永远消失。以奥地利的维也纳历史中心为例。自16世纪以来，这座城市一直被公认为是欧洲的音乐之都，莫扎特和贝多芬等人的故乡。由于维也纳市中心的高层建筑项目，它现在被列为世界濒危遗产。 这样的危险不仅会给遗址本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。例如，澳大利亚东北海岸外的大堡礁是一处面临危险的自然遗产。由于全球变暖导致海水温度升高，大量珊瑚被杀死，部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，这破坏了其脆弱的自然生态。珊瑚礁不仅是多种海洋物种的家园，还可以促进当地的旅游业和渔业的繁荣，提供许多就业机会。它还有助于保护海岸线免受海浪和洪水的侵袭。如果珊瑚礁消失，许多人的生命甚至他们的家园都将遭受巨大的损失。 为了全人类的利益，遗产保护是当务之急。我们越是承认我们的遗址具有突出的普遍价值，我们就越有可能尊重它们。这些遗址是世界的伟大奇观，讲述着人类文明的故事。我们都有共同的责任保护它们，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。如果你们像我一样，一想到我们无可取代的遗产会永远消失就觉得心碎，那么就请采取行动吧。如果您感兴趣，请访问我们的网站，并以任何方式参与！谢谢。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$