北京市八一学校2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题

八一学校2023-2024学年第一学期高一年级12月月考 英语试题 Ⅰ. 听力理解（共三节，26分） 第一节（共4小题，每小题2分，共8分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What present did the woman get? A. A mountain bike. B. A Kindle. C. A flying robot. 2. How does the man feel? A. Discouraged. B. Optimistic. C. Excited. 3. What is the woman going to do? A. Help the man. B. Take a train. C. Get a camera. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a shop. B. In a market. C. In a restaurant. 第二节（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 5. What are the man and the woman talking about? A. A school bus. B. A traffic accident. C. The accident loss. 6. What exactly caused the traffic accident? A. The traffic light. B. The smog. C. Not mentioned. 听下面一段对话，回答第7至8小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 7. Why does the man make the call? A. To make a booking. B. To make a bargain. C. To make an appointment. 8. What does the man think of the price? A. Too high. B. Acceptable. C. Just so-so. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至10小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 9. What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and clerk. B. Manager and customer. C. Customs official and passenger. 10. What is the woman not so sure about? A. What to declare. B. Whether to buy some cheese. C. When to board the plane. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至12小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 11. What does the man study at Oxford? A. English. B. Physics. C. History. 12. What is the man’s first novel about? A. His father’s work as a reporter. B. His voluntary work in China. C. His experience in South Africa. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至14小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 13. Who is the speaker? A. An editor. B. A salesman. C. An advertiser. 14. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To ask students to buy their newspaper. B. To introduce the newspaper to the students. C. To find some part-time workers for the newspaper. 第三节（共4小题，每小题2分，共8分） 听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 What is the Ripple Effect（连锁反应）？ The phenomenon When a person throws a stone into a pond, he will see concentric 15 . rippling out from the locus point. The thrown stone might frighten a nearby duck, hit another rock and bounce off, or scare a bunch of fish. The term A classwork 16 theorist named Jacob Kouni n called the term “Ripple Effect” in 1970. Application The effect occurs when a teacher asks a student to stop a 17 or destructive behaviour. … This engagement made other students also stop distracting behaviors, 18 better class control. Ⅱ. 完形填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） On Saturday, my family went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all met at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded (蹚水) around in the fountain until we ____1____. This is one of the busiest walking streets. After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder realized that nowhere could he find his backpack. After a thorough ____2____ we determined that he must have left it at the fountain. Ponder has never ____3____ anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision (指导) for managing his stuff. Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I ____4____ him that we would not only search the area around the fountain, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been ____5____. As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black sitting there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not ____6____ what it was or if it was hers. “See it, Dad?” Ponder shouted. “Don’t get too ____7____ because that may not be it,” I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was ____8____ there. Everyone in our party was blown away by this “miracle (奇迹)”. In my wildest ____9____. I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays. I believe this was a perfect ____10____ for a child in losing something important to lose it and feel the full weight of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back. 1. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept 2. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search 3. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted 4. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught 5. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in 6. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict 7. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused 8. A. already B. even C. almost D. still 9. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions 10. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot Ⅲ. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A man decided to make a video to spread joy in the city. So he transported a giant bed around town and encouraged his fellow citizens____11____(jump) on it, then watched with satisfaction as large numbers of people did so. Soon, some more competitive people started to see which one of their friends could jump the highest. At first, he was____12____(worry) about getting a negative response. However, after trying it, most people said it was great fun and that they____13____(do) it again! B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 You would probably recognize Albert Einstein from his photos. Yes, he was the guy with the crazy hair! But he also had some great ideas. He was more than just a scientist. He was a genius____14____changed our lives. He made some of the greatest scientific____15____(discovery). Einstein’s work was and still is valuable to the world. This is one of the reasons why he eventually____16____(win) the Nobel Prize in Physics. And he____17____(name) “Person of the Century” by TIME Magazine in 1999. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 AI can make everyday life convenient and____18____(enjoy), improving our health and standard of living. Nowadays AI- enabled fitness apps____19____(become) more popular, increasing the number of AI choices for workouts at home. You can not only set a daily steps goal with encouragement reminders on your smart watch, but you can ride through the countryside____20____a smart bike from your garage or have a personal trainer on your living room TV. Ⅳ. 阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题，每小题2分，共24分） A Growing up in rural Malawi, Africa, William Kamkwamba learned to accept that life was hard. He lived with his parents and seven sisters in a small clay house without electricity or running water. Like most boys in his village, William was expected to assist his parents on the family farm, as well as keep up with his school work. Each night, like most Malawians, his family went to bed early because the kerosene oil they needed to light the lamps was costly. When he was 10, a terrible drought left many Malawians hungry and William’s family was no exception. At the age of 13, William and many other children were forced to drop out of school when their parents could no longer afford his schooling. William had to work even harder to help his family, but he wasn’t ready to give up his education. He went to the local library and took out some books to study. One book, called Using Energy, sparked William’s interest in science and gave him an idea that significantly changed his future. In the book, William found a picture of a windmill, and a brief description of how it could be used to generate electricity from wind. He knew that there was plenty of wind in his village, and realized that if he could build a windmill like that, he could give his family and the people in his village a much better life. There was just one problem. The book didn’t explain how to build a windmill, and neither did any of the other books in the library. What happened over the next year demonstrated William’s incredible ambition and determination. He began to collect any kinds of materials he thought could be useful—scraps of wood, broken bicycles, old shoes—and started to build a windmill next to his family’s house. He endured many challenges and failures. Other people in his village called him crazy and said his idea would never work. Finally, at the age of 14, William completed his first windmill. When they saw electric lights and heard the sound of music on the radio coming from William’s house, the village people came running. He had done it. William Kamkwamba had found a way to capture the wind. Kamkwamba’s autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, tells the story of how the rest of the world came to know about his achievements. With the help of international supporters, his village now has clean running water, solar powered lighting, and electric power. As a result of his actions, Kamkwamba was invited to study engineering at Dartmouth College, one of the top-ranking universities in the U. S. He also travels the world and gives talks about how he made his dream a reality. 21. William went to the local library because ________. A. he wanted to find some materials for his invention B. it was his favorite way to kill time and relax C. it was believed to be a way to change his fate D. he wanted to continue his education 22. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A. why the windmill is so attractive B. how William got inspired by a book C. why William decided to continue his education D. how a windmill works to produce electricity 23. William Kamkwamba can be best described as ________. A. brave and patient B. honest and forgiving C. ambitious and determined D. reasonable and humorous 24. What is the message conveyed in the passage? A. We should strike while the iron is hot. B. A good beginning makes a good end. C. One who lives his dream can make a difference. D. You’d better not put all the eggs in one basket. B There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term “post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied,” he writes. A recent finding doesn’t involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. After taking the perspective of another the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morning of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else’s perspective and re-rating oneself. “By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves—or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light — might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways. “As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.” 25. The first two paragraphs mainly _______. A. state that acting requires skills B explain the stress that an actor faces C. show that a role leaves a mark on the actor D. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role 26. What does the underlined phrase “rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Influence. B. Strengthen. C. Confuse. D. Determine. 27. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person _______. A. brings changes to one’s self-knowledge B. motivates one to better understand himself C. helps people deal with their identity problems D. produces temporary effects on one’s character 28. What is the significance of the study? A. It offers instructions on making friends. B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves. C. It gives advice on adjusting one’s emotions. D It presents a way to deal with stress disorder. C In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 29. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 30. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 32. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. ____33____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance. ____34____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred. We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____35____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating. ____36____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection. Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard. ____37____ A. So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling. B. We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone. C. Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways. D. When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life. E. Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing. F. Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? G. Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction. Ⅴ. 书面表达 38. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim作为学校跨文化社团负责人，正在筹划“快乐中国年”活动，他发来邮件咨询相关事宜。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1推荐活动并说明原因; 2.提醒注意事项。 注意：1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 八一学校2023-2024学年第一学期高一年级12月月考 英语试题 Ⅰ. 听力理解（共三节，26分） 第一节（共4小题，每小题2分，共8分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What present did the woman get? A. A mountain bike. B. A Kindle. C. A flying robot. 2. How does the man feel? A. Discouraged. B. Optimistic. C. Excited. 3. What is the woman going to do? A. Help the man. B. Take a train. C. Get a camera. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a shop. B. In a market. C. In a restaurant. 第二节（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 5. What are the man and the woman talking about? A. A school bus. B. A traffic accident. C. The accident loss. 6. What exactly caused the traffic accident? A. The traffic light. B. The smog. C. Not mentioned. 听下面一段对话，回答第7至8小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 7. Why does the man make the call? A. To make a booking. B. To make a bargain. C. To make an appointment. 8. What does the man think of the price? A. Too high. B. Acceptable. C. Just so-so. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至10小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 9. What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and clerk. B. Manager and customer. C. Customs official and passenger. 10. What is the woman not so sure about? A. What to declare. B. Whether to buy some cheese. C. When to board the plane. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至12小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 11. What does the man study at Oxford? A. English. B. Physics. C. History. 12. What is the man’s first novel about? A. His father’s work as a reporter. B. His voluntary work in China. C. His experience in South Africa. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至14小题，现在，你有10秒钟时间阅读这两道小题。 13. Who is the speaker? A. An editor. B. A salesman. C. An advertiser. 14. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To ask students to buy their newspaper. B. To introduce the newspaper to the students. C. To find some part-time workers for the newspaper. 第三节（共4小题，每小题2分，共8分） 听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 What is the Ripple Effect（连锁反应）？ The phenomenon When a person throws a stone into a pond, he will see concentric 15 . rippling out from the locus point. The thrown stone might frighten a nearby duck, hit another rock and bounce off, or scare a bunch of fish. The term A classwork 16 theorist named Jacob Kouni n called the term “Ripple Effect” in 1970. Application The effect occurs when a teacher asks a student to stop a 17 or destructive behaviour. … This engagement made other students also stop distracting behaviors, 18 better class control. Ⅱ. 完形填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B Ⅲ. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A 【11~13题答案】 【答案】11. to jump 12. worried 13. would do B 【14~17题答案】 【答案】14. who##that 15. discoveries 16. won 17. was named C 【18~20题答案】 【答案】18. enjoyable 19. have become 20. on Ⅳ. 阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题，每小题2分，共24分） A 【21~24题答案】 【答案】21 D 22. B 23. C 24. C B 【25~28题答案】 【答案】25. C 26. A 27. A 28. B C 【29~32题答案】 【答案】29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【33~37题答案】 【答案】33. F 34. G 35. C 36. B 37. A Ⅴ. 书面表达 【38题答案】 【答案】Dear Jim, Learning you are going to launch an activity themed “Happy Chinese New Year”, I am more than delighted to recommend you a unique form of celebrating Lunar Chinese New Year. You can invite our calligraphy teacher, Mr. Zhang, who will be responsible for instructing the participants to write the spring couplets, which express people’s best wishes for the coming year. In doing so, not only are the participants exposed to one of the major Spring Festival traditions, but also can put their Chinese handwriting into practice. But bear in mind that Chinese characters should be written vertically and the writing tools are limited to Chinese brushes. If you want to seek further help, don’t hesitate to email me. Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$