精品解析：2025届上海市金山区高三下学期二模英语试卷

2025年上海市金山区二模英语试卷 (时间105分钟，分值115分) 2025年4月 I. Grammar and vocabulary (20分) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Stand-up comedy in China Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. ___1___ the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China ___2___ (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China ___3___ (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Wang Xuebin, a professor at the Party School of the CPC, explains ___4___ stand-up comedy is so popular in China. According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, ___5___ fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. The topics are also closely related to young people, who are a key audience. He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, ___6___ age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. In a regular comedy show, each comedian usually performs for about 15 minutes. However, in a comedy special (专场) ___7___ (focus) on one comedian, the performance lasts around 60 minutes. This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content ___8___ (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. Stand-up comedy, with performers’ raw personal struggles ___9___ (transform) into universally relatable humor, has grown from small, underground clubs to becoming a mainstream part of popular culture. The competition is intense, with new shows constantly appearing and older ones innovating ____10____ (stay) relevant. One thing is clear: what was once a niche (小众的) activity is now everywhere in China and shows no signs of disappearing. Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. changes B. current C. delays D. enclosed E. identifiable F. include G. matching H. movements I. occurred J. overriding K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally the four-light system works like ___11___ three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, ___12___ the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle ___13___ via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— ___14___ its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs ___15___ in any AV case. But we must ___16___ the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly ___17___ by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow ___18___ when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see ___19___ reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor ___20___ to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ten years ago, Kavita Favelle was enjoying a beer tasting event when she and other beer enthusiasts were each given small pieces of paper to put in their mouths. The bite-sized paper contained a(n) ___21___ of a bitter chemical. By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old ___22___ herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters. “Your taste type is determined by how strongly you ___23___ this bitter taste,” says Andrew Costanzo, expert in food and nutrition. “Super-tasters find it ___24___, normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all.” Which of these three groups you fall into can play a role in what you choose to eat with ___25___ effects to health. Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter. On the positive side, this means they are less likely to smoke or drink alcohol. On the negative side, they tend to ___26___ certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds. ___27___ this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo. “They have generally less ___28___ diets possibly because they are more careful about trying new things.” And this could consequently lower their general level of nutrition and exposure to ___29___ compounds. Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food, as salt ____30____ bitterness, which might lead to negative health effects like raising blood pressure. Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste because they are neither ____31____ to bitter-tasting foods, nor do they need to soak their food in sauces to make it tasty. While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue. They tend to be higher in weight than super-tasters, possibly because they need higher quantities of high fat, high sugar foods to satisfy their ____32____ needs. Besides, the fact that their taste isn’t so sensitive might also have a(n) ____33____ influence on immunity (免疫力). It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID. ____34____, they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did. Primarily, what determines whether you are a super-taster or a non-taster is genetics. While we can’t change our genes, we can ____35____ our taste-buds in ways that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t. No matter what type you are, understanding your taste preferences can help you a lot with your health. 21. A. sample B. component C. stock D. product 22. A. introduced B. revealed C. adjusted D. allowed 23. A. digest B. neglect C. perceive D. transform 24. A. fantastic B. appealing C. nasty D. plain 25 A. chain B. side C. mirror D. exposure 26. A. come up with B. get down to C. run away from D. give way to 27. A. Originally B. Essentially C. Inevitably D. Increasingly 28. A. healthy B. damaging C. controversial D. diverse 29. A. additional B. organic C. chemical D. protective 30. A. replaces B. hides C. strengthens D. removes 31. A. accustomed B. reluctant C. familiar D. opposed 32. A. emotional B. psychological C. survival D. flavour 33. A. noticeable B. unpleasant C. insignificant D. temporary 34. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead 35 A. trick B. convert C. reverse D. perfect Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When you’re driving around the same block, keeping searching, because there’s nowhere to park your car, any suggestion that America devotes too much space to parking might seem foolish. But consider this: in a typical year, the country builds more three-car garages than one-bedroom apartments. Even the crowded cities reserve lots of street space to store private vehicles. And local laws across the country require house and apartment builders to provide off-street parking, whether residents need it. Step back to assess the result: it’s obvious that more square footage is devoted to parking each car than to housing each person. That Americans like driving is hardly news, but all the above talking isn’t finding fault with cars. The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. Over the years, cities and towns have torn down grand old structures to make way for it. All those 9-foot-by-18-foot rectangles of asphalt (柏油路) haven’t only damaged the environment or these once-valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind. For decades, even as rents rocketed and climate change worsened, the prevalence (盛行) of parking spaces discouraged anyone from noticing their social impact. But the parking space has been eating up our living space for sure, with or without our knowledge. Here an optimist may give the excuse that some of the country’s largest cities have no choice but to renegotiate the relationship among people, cars, and parking spaces. However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously. 36. In which section can we most probably read this passage? A. Travel. B. Features. C. Front page. D. Public welfare. 37. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A. lead the country to trouble B. discourage residents from buying cars C. annoy the local residents D. weaken the country’s overall strength 38. What can we imply about parking space’s role in the 20th century cities? A. It failed to meet the growing parking demands. B. It completely dominated urban planning priorities. C. It was a necessary renegotiation by the city government. D. It unexpectedly brought about problems to people’s daily life. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. America should continue expanding parking though it is harmful. B. Cities in the 21st century should absolutely stop building more garages. C. Excessive parking space is damaging the society so it should be limited. D. Housing and other problems are not as urgent as insufficient parking space. (B) Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities. Since 1963, Stepping Stones has helped people with disabilities in Ohio find paths to independence that improve their lives and enable them to more fully participate in their communities. Today, Stepping Stones offers a variety of year-round programs and serves more than 1,100 children and adults with disabilities at four program locations.  Want to Support Stepping Stones? Browse opportunities to support Stepping Stones’ programs below. Annual Fund The Annual Giving Fund is established to help Stepping Stones meet the increasing and changing needs of the extraordinary people we serve. Stepping Stones depends on fundraising grants and gifts to the Annual Giving Fund to balance the budget. The Annual Giving Fund donations are used for a variety of important programs like Camperships to Summer Camp, Adult Day Services etc. Endowments The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones. The Fund is a separate fund of cash, securities and other assets (资产) that are held as restricted funds within the general assets of Stepping Stones. Endowment gifts are often in the form of cash or securities but also may include gifts of real estate, appreciated property and planned giving options. Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships. Gifts-in-Kind Do you have a product service or other item that could benefit Stepping Stones? You may donate it as a Gift-in-Kind. Non-cash gifts can include design or printing services, advertising space, food, beverages, books, event auction items, office equipment or other items. Matching Gifts A great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations. Contact your Human Resources office to see if your company has a matching gifts program that can be used to match your contribution to Stepping Stones. 40. What can we learn about “endowment gifts” to Stepping Stones? A. They are used immediately. B. They should be in the form of cash. C. They can be reserved for a particular purpose. D. They are mainly used for daily operational expenses. 41. Xiao Li wants to donate his bonus to Stepping Stones. Which program will maximize his donation? A. Annual fund. B. Matching Gifts. C. Endowments. D. Gifts-in-kind. 42. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce the history of Stepping Stones. B. To show the importance of Stepping Stones. C. To present various ways to support Stepping Stones. D. To describe the programs offered by Stepping Stones. (C) In today’s digital age, it is challenging to go about daily life without hearing the term artificial intelligence (AI) mentioned. AI enters conversations in almost every industry. This AI revolution (革命) relies on increasing data center capacity, the physical locations equipped with the computing servers needed to power this technology. With such expensive and temperature-sensitive technology under one roof, these facilities require building products with reliable insulating properties that can effectively house these innovative systems to keep them running smoothly. Reliability is where insulated metal panels (IMPs) enter the conversation. IMPs have proven effective building materials for data centers nationwide. Data centers require a lot of energy to function. On average, a ChatGPT question needs 10 times as much electricity to process as a Google search, and Goldman Sachs research estimates that data center power demand will grow 160 percent by 2030. Along with rising energy bills, data center servers generate lots of heat, requiring sufficient air to cool them down. By designing construction materials that manage heat more effectively, companies can reduce energy expenses for temperature control while improving overall facility performance. Using IMPs as part of a roofing system has also proven a reliable solution, even when the rest of the facility was constructed with concrete. Recent IMP innovation has transformed the way roofs are installed in temperature-controlled environments. IMPs simplify projects by reducing the assembly (装配) required, therefore decreasing installation time. New IMP roofing panels reduce the number of fasteners, minimize the risk of failure, and allow projects to be completed faster. By producing items on demand, they minimize site waste and significantly reduce the number of loads transported to the location. This approach helps streamline operations and contributes to a more sustainable practice overall. When firms design data centers for the various technology giants, they often establish a base model that only requires slight changes due to climate, soil conditions, etc., based on location in different parts of the country. The base model stays the same, so when a technology company greenlights an order for a dozen new data centers, they can be built quickly due to the predictable design. Data centers are typically designed to maximize internal usable space and have few windows and doors. With simplified designs, installing 1,858 m² of IMP material in a single day is common. One of the great benefits of IMPs is the ability to cut weeks out of a construction schedule compared with traditional methods. 43. What does the underlined word “insulate” in the passage probably mean? A. To protect from heat. B. To separate from others. C. To make something isolated. D. To make something more efficient. 44. IMPs are effective building materials for data center nationwide because of __________. ① high insulation value; ② fast installation; ③ reasonable prices; ④ reliable services A. ① ② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. IMPs are too complicated for data center construction B. the demand of concrete will increase in the coming years C. data centers will no longer be needed with the development of AI D. traditional building methods are less environmentally-friendly than using IMPs 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The application of IMPs in developing data centers. B. The importance of energy-efficiency in the digital age. C. The development of AI and its impact on data centers. D. The challenges of building data centers in the digital age. Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Teamwork: Important in career planning Teamwork is a vital skill for career planning and professional growth. One of its key benefits is developing problem-solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions. ____47____ This collaborative (合作的) approach not only leads to better outcomes but also helps you develop critical thinking and adaptability, essential for rising to workplace challenges. Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills. ____48____ Team projects provide a practical environment to practice these skills, helping you express yourself clearly and understand others’ perspectives. Strong communication is highly valued in the workplace, as it ensures smooth cooperation and minimizes misunderstandings. ____49____ In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal. At the same time, you learn to cooperate effectively, balancing your contributions with those of others. These skills are particularly important in today’s interconnected work environment, where projects often require input from multiple participants. Finally, teamwork prepares you for the realities of the workplace. Most professional environments rely on joint efforts, and employers value candidates who can work well in teams. By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co-workers. ____50____ In short, teamwork is not just a soft skill; it is a critical component of career planning and professional success. A. Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills. B. Additionally, teamwork can increase your contributions in the workplace. C. By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively. D These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges. E. Teamwork sometimes slows down decision-making processes due to excessive discussions. F. Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information-exchanging is crucial. III. Summary writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 他忘了在饭盒上贴标签，有人不小心错拿了。(label) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 在中国，绿色能源发展迅速，越来越多的人选择电动汽车来保护环境和减少污染。(evolve) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 55. 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你的好友小明正在为即将到来的高考志愿填报而烦恼。他在纠结两个选择：一是选择自己热爱的历史专业，但就业前景相对较窄；二是选择父母建议的口腔医学专业，就业前景广阔，但他对此兴趣不大。请你给小明写一封信，帮助他做出选择并阐述你的理由。 内容需包含：1) 对两个选择的分析；2)给出你的建议并说明理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年上海市金山区二模英语试卷 (时间105分钟，分值115分) 2025年4月 I. Grammar and vocabulary (20分) Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Stand-up comedy in China Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. ___1___ the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China ___2___ (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China ___3___ (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Wang Xuebin, a professor at the Party School of the CPC, explains ___4___ stand-up comedy is so popular in China. According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, ___5___ fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. The topics are also closely related to young people, who are a key audience. He adds that stand-up comedy is easy to start because it doesn’t require special skills. Anyone, ___6___ age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. In a regular comedy show, each comedian usually performs for about 15 minutes. However, in a comedy special (专场) ___7___ (focus) on one comedian, the performance lasts around 60 minutes. This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content ___8___ (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. Stand-up comedy, with performers’ raw personal struggles ___9___ (transform) into universally relatable humor, has grown from small, underground clubs to becoming a mainstream part of popular culture. The competition is intense, with new shows constantly appearing and older ones innovating ____10____ (stay) relevant. One thing is clear: what was once a niche (小众的) activity is now everywhere in China and shows no signs of disappearing. 【答案】1. When 2. demonstrates 3. were established 4. why 5. which 6. regardless of 7. focusing 8. richer 9. transformed 10. to stay 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了脱口秀起源于美国，在中国逐渐流行，分析了其在中国受欢迎的原因、表演形式，还指出它已从小众活动成为主流文化。 【1题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当2009年第一家中国脱口秀俱乐部在深圳成立时，这种娱乐形式对大多数中国观众来说还相对陌生。“the first Chinese stand up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009”是时间状语从句，结合语境，这里表示“当……时候”，用从属连词when引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但脱口秀在中国日益增长的受欢迎程度表明幽默无国界。demonstrate(表明)是谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the growing popularity”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填demonstrates。 【3题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：另外两家中国脱口秀行业的领军机构分别于2014年和2017年成立。establish(建立)是谓语动词，与主语“Another two stand up comedy industry leaders”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2014 and 2017 respectively”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，助动词用were。故填were established。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：中共党校教授王学斌解释了脱口秀为什么在中国如此受欢迎。“____ stand up comedy is so popular in China”是宾语从句，根据语境，这里要表达解释的内容是“为什么”脱口秀受欢迎，用连接副词why引导该从句并在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：喜剧演员经常以简短直接的方式谈论当前的社会问题，这很符合人们在网上喜欢的快节奏短视频。“____ fits well with the fast paced, short videos people enjoy online”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【6题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：任何人，无论年龄和性别，都可以尝试。根据语境，这里表示“无论”年龄和性别，用介词短语regardless of。故填regardless of。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在一场专注于一位喜剧演员的脱口秀专场中，表演持续约60分钟。“(focus) on one comedian”作后置定语，focus(专注)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“a comedy special”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填focusing。 【8题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这种较长的形式需要在剧本上做更多的工作，使内容更丰富，所以观众总是觉得很值得花时间。根据“This longer format requires more work on the script”可知，和普通表演相比，内容会“更丰富”，用形容词rich的比较级richer，作宾语补足语。故填richer。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：脱口秀将表演者真实的个人奋斗转化为普遍能引起共鸣的幽默，已经从地下小俱乐部发展成为流行文化的主流部分。“with performers’ raw personal struggles (transform) into universally relatable humor”是with的复合结构，transform(转化)是宾语补足语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语“performers’ raw personal struggles”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填transformed。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：竞争很激烈，新节目不断涌现，老节目不断创新以跟上潮流。“(stay) relevant”是“older ones innovating”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to stay。 Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. changes B. current C. delays D. enclosed E. identifiable F. include G. matching H. movements I. occurred J. overriding K. works We need a fourth white traffic light to ease traffic jams Engineers propose adding a white traffic light to let self-driving cars ease traffic jams. Studies show this fourth light could help autonomous vehicles (AVs) manage traffic flow and reduce travel time. Normally, the four-light system works like ___11___ three-light systems—red means stop, green means go. However, when enough self-driving cars approach a crossroads, the white light activates, ___12___ the standard signals. This tells human drivers that AVs are now directing vehicle ___13___ via wireless communication. Human drivers must simply follow the car ahead— ___14___ its stops or movements. A researcher, Dr. Ali, said, “Our ‘white phase’ concept taps into the computing power of AVs themselves. Entitling some of the traffic flow control to AVs ___15___ in any AV case. But we must ___16___ the white light concept at crossroads to clarify the situation for humans.” The colour of the ‘white light’ doesn’t matter. What’s important is that there should be a signal that is clearly ___17___ by drivers. Tests showed that small improvements in traffic flow ___18___ when as little as 10 per cent of the vehicles at a crossroads were autonomous. Dr Ali said, “For example, when 10 per cent of vehicles are autonomous, you see ___19___ reduced by 3 per cent. When 30 per cent are autonomous, they are reduced by 10.7 per cent.” While AVs aren’t ready for immediate use, researchers say it would require only minor ___20___ to crossroads and AV software updates. Critics warn that relying on humans to follow the “leader” rule poses risks, but the team believes this balances innovation with clear communication during the transition to AVs. 【答案】11. B 12. J 13. H 14. G 15. K 16. F 17. E 18. I 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。工程师提议增设白交通灯助自动驾驶车疏堵，介绍其运作及效果，虽有风险但只需小改动即可实现。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通常情况下，四灯系统的工作方式与当前的三灯系统类似 —— 红灯停，绿灯行。分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词来修饰“three - light systems”，current，表示“当前的”， 符合语境，故选B。 【12题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：然而，当足够多的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口时，白灯亮起，优先于标准信号。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，overriding，表示“优先于；凌驾于”，符合“白灯亮起时会优先于标准信号”的意思。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：这告诉人类司机，自动驾驶汽车现在正通过无线通信指挥车辆的移动。分析句子可知，vehicle后需要一个名词，movements，表示“移动；运动”，符合“指挥车辆移动”的语境，故选H。 【14题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：人类司机只需跟随前面的车 —— 匹配它的停车或移动。分析句子结构，这里可用现在分词作伴随状语，matching，表示“匹配；与…… 相符”，符合“人类司机的操作要与前面车的动作相匹配”的意思。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：在任何自动驾驶情况下，将部分交通流量控制权交给自动驾驶汽车都是有效的。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，works，表示“起作用；有效”，符合语境。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：但我们必须在十字路口包含白灯概念，以便为人类澄清情况。分析句子可知，must后接动词原形，include，表示“包含；包括”，符合“要把白灯概念包含在十字路口的交通规则中”的意思。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：重要的是应该有一个能被司机清楚识别的信号。分析句子可知，is后可接形容词作表语，identifiable，表示“可识别的；可辨认的”，符合“信号要能被司机清楚识别”的语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：测试表明，当十字路口只有 10% 的车辆是自动驾驶时，交通流量就会出现小幅改善。分析句子可知，这里需要一个动词作谓语，occurred，表示“发生；出现”，符合“交通流量出现改善”的语境。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，当10%的车辆是自动驾驶时，你会看到延误减少了3%。分析句子可知，see后接名词作宾语，delays，表示“延误；延迟”，符合“交通延误减少”的语境。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员表示，这只需要对十字路口进行微小的改变和自动驾驶软件更新。分析句子可知，minor 后应接名词，changes，表示“改变；变化”，符合“对十字路口进行小的改变”的语境。故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ten years ago, Kavita Favelle was enjoying a beer tasting event when she and other beer enthusiasts were each given small pieces of paper to put in their mouths. The bite-sized paper contained a(n) ___21___ of a bitter chemical. By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old ___22___ herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters. “Your taste type is determined by how strongly you ___23___ this bitter taste” says Andrew Costanzo, expert in food and nutrition. “Super-tasters find it ___24___, normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all.” Which of these three groups you fall into can play a role in what you choose to eat with ___25___ effects to health. Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter. On the positive side, this means they are less likely to smoke or drink alcohol. On the negative side, they tend to ___26___ certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds. ___27___ this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo. “They have generally less ___28___ diets possibly because they are more careful about trying new things.” And this could consequently lower their general level of nutrition and exposure to ___29___ compounds. Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food, as salt ____30____ bitterness, which might lead to negative health effects like raising blood pressure. Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste because they are neither ____31____ to bitter-tasting foods, nor do they need to soak their food in sauces to make it tasty. While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue. They tend to be higher in weight than super-tasters, possibly because they need higher quantities of high fat, high sugar foods to satisfy their ____32____ needs. Besides, the fact that their taste isn’t so sensitive might also have a(n) ____33____ influence on immunity (免疫力). It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID. ____34____, they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did. Primarily, what determines whether you are a super-taster or a non-taster is genetics. While we can’t change our genes, we can ____35____ our taste-buds in ways that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t. No matter what type you are, understanding your taste preferences can help you a lot with your health. 21. A. sample B. component C. stock D. product 22. A. introduced B. revealed C. adjusted D. allowed 23. A. digest B. neglect C. perceive D. transform 24. A. fantastic B. appealing C. nasty D. plain 25. A. chain B. side C. mirror D. exposure 26. A. come up with B. get down to C. run away from D. give way to 27. A. Originally B. Essentially C. Inevitably D. Increasingly 28. A. healthy B. damaging C. controversial D. diverse 29. A. additional B. organic C. chemical D. protective 30. A. replaces B. hides C. strengthens D. removes 31. A. accustomed B. reluctant C. familiar D. opposed 32. A. emotional B. psychological C. survival D. flavour 33. A. noticeable B. unpleasant C. insignificant D. temporary 34. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead 35. A. trick B. convert C. reverse D. perfect 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同味觉类型对食物选择的影响，以及这些选择如何进一步影响个人的健康状况。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这块一口大小的纸里含有一种苦味化学物质的样本。A. sample样品；B. component成分；C. stock库存、股票；D. product产品。根据下文“By needing to spit it out, the 52-year-old ___2___ herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters.”可推测，这里说的是给每个人一小片纸，里面含有一种苦味化学物质的样本，让他们品尝。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过把纸放入口中品尝并吐出这个行为，这位52岁的女士表明了自己是占人口25%的被称为“超级味觉者”的一员。A. introduced介绍；B. revealed表明、透露；C. adjusted调整、适应；D. allowed允许。根据空后“herself to be one of the 25 percent of the population known as super-tasters”可知，通过这个行为，她表明了自己是一个超级味觉者。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：食品与营养专家Andrew Costanzo说：“你的味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，普通味觉者对此并不介意，而25%的非味觉者则完全尝不出这种苦味。”A. digest消化、理解；B. neglect忽视；C. perceive感知、理解；D. transform转变、改造。根据下文“Super-tasters find it ___4___ , normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all”可知，味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：食品与营养专家Andrew Costanzo说：“你的味觉类型是由你对这种苦味的感知程度决定的。超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，普通味觉者对此并不介意，而25%的非味觉者则完全尝不出这种苦味。”A. fantastic极好的；B. appealing有吸引力的；C. nasty令人厌恶的；D. plain普通的、简单的。根据上文“By needing to spit it out”以及下文“normal tasters don’t mind it and the 25 percent of non-tasters can’t taste it at all”可推测，超级味觉者觉得这种苦味令人讨厌，会吐掉。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你属于这三类人群中的哪一类，会影响你对食物的选择，进而对健康产生连锁反应。A. chain链条；B. side边、侧面；C. mirror镜子；D. exposure暴露。根据下文“On the negative side, they tend to ___6___ certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds. ___7___ this was thought to be why super-tasters have a higher risk of some cancers than non-tasters, “but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo.”可知，味觉类型会影响你选择吃什么，进而对健康产生连锁反应。考查短语：chain effect，意为“连锁反应”，符合句意。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：从消极的方面来看，他们往往会远离某些含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜——但这些蔬菜也含有抗癌化合物。A. come up with提出、想出；B. get down to开始做；C. run away from逃离、远离；D. give way to让步于。根据上文“Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter.”可知，超级味觉者倾向于避免吃他们认为苦的食物，所以他们会远离某些含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，人们认为这就是为什么超级味觉者比非超级味觉者患某些癌症的风险更高，“但事实证明，问题不止如此，”Costanzo说，“他们的饮食通常不太多样化，可能是因为他们在尝试新事物时更加谨慎。”A. Originally起初；B. Essentially本质上、基本上；C. Inevitably不可避免地；D. Increasingly越来越多地、日益地。根据下文““but it turns out that the issue is more than that,” says Dr Costanzo.”可推测，人们起初以为超级味觉者不吃苦的食物，所以患癌症的风险更高。但是，事实并非如此。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，人们认为这就是为什么超级味觉者比非超级味觉者患某些癌症的风险更高，“但事实证明，问题不止如此，”Costanzo说，“他们的饮食通常不太多样化，可能是因为他们在尝试新事物时更加谨慎。”A. healthy健康的；B. damaging有害的；C. controversial有争议的；D. diverse多样化的、不同的。根据上文“Super-tasters, like Favelle, tend to avoid foods that they consider taste bitter.”以及下文“because they are more careful about trying new things”可知，超级味觉者的饮食通常不太多样化。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能会因此降低他们的总体营养水平，减少他们接触保护性化合物的机会。A. additional额外的、附加的；B. organic有机的、生物的；C. chemical化学的；D. protective保护性的。根据上文“On the negative side, they tend to ___6___ certain vegetables which are high in bitter compounds – but also contain cancer-fighting compounds.”可知，超级味觉者远离的含有高苦味化合物的蔬菜含有抗癌化合物，而这减少了他们接触保护性化合物的机会。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级味觉者还倾向于在食物中添加更多的盐，因为盐能掩盖苦味，而这可能会导致一些负面的健康影响，比如血压升高。A. replaces替代、取代；B. hides隐藏；C. strengthens加强；D. removes移除。根据上文“Super-tasters also tend to add more salt to their food”以及常理可知，超级味觉者倾向于在食物中加更多盐，因为盐能掩盖苦味。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中等味觉者或普通味觉者往往具有更广泛的味觉能力，因为他们既不排斥苦味食物，也不需要把食物浸泡在酱汁里来让它变得美味。A. be accustomed to习惯于……；B. be reluctant to不情愿做某事；C. be familiar to对……而言是熟悉的；D. be opposed to反对……、排斥……。根据上文“Medium or normal tasters tend to have a broader ability to taste”可知，中等味觉者或普通味觉者往往具有更广泛的味觉能力。由此可推测，他们并不排斥苦味食物。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：他们的体重往往比超级味觉者要高，这可能是因为他们需要更多高脂肪、高糖的食物来满足他们的味觉需求。A. emotional情感的；B. psychological心理的；C. survival生存；D. flavour味道。根据上文“While super-tasters avoid certain foods, non-tasters have the opposite issue.”以及常理可知，非味觉者的味觉不敏感，由此可推测，他们摄入高脂肪、高糖的食物是为了满足他们的味觉需求。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们味觉不那么敏感这一事实，也可能对免疫力产生不良影响。A. noticeable明显、显著的；B. unpleasant不愉快的、不好的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. temporary暂时的、临时的。根据下文“It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID.”可知，他们味觉不那么敏感这个事实可能对免疫力有不好的影响。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，当他们感染时，症状也更严重。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Instead反而。根据上文“It’s discovered that non-tasters were more likely than super-tasters to test positive to COVID.”以及下文“they had worse symptoms (症状) when they did.”可知，上文说非超级味觉者感染新冠病毒阳性的可能性更大，而空后则指出他们的症状更严重。“moreover”表递进关系，符合语境。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们无法改变自己的基因，但我们可以用一些方法“欺骗”我们的味蕾，让我们能更自在地多吃一些我们应该吃的东西，少吃一些不应该吃的东西。A. trick欺骗；B. convert转换；C. reverse颠倒、反转；D. perfect使完美。根据上文“While we can’t change our genes”可知，我们无法改变自己的基因；再根据下文“that make us feel more comfortable eating more of the things we should and less of those we shouldn’t.”可知，我们可以用一些方法欺骗我们的味蕾，让我们更舒服地吃更多应该吃的东西，少吃不应该吃的东西。故选A。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When you’re driving around the same block, keeping searching, because there’s nowhere to park your car, any suggestion that America devotes too much space to parking might seem foolish. But consider this: in a typical year, the country builds more three-car garages than one-bedroom apartments. Even the crowded cities reserve lots of street space to store private vehicles. And local laws across the country require house and apartment builders to provide off-street parking, whether residents need it. Step back to assess the result: it’s obvious that more square footage is devoted to parking each car than to housing each person. That Americans like driving is hardly news, but all the above talking isn’t finding fault with cars. The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. Over the years, cities and towns have torn down grand old structures to make way for it. All those 9-foot-by-18-foot rectangles of asphalt (柏油路) haven’t only damaged the environment or these once-valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind. For decades, even as rents rocketed and climate change worsened, the prevalence (盛行) of parking spaces discouraged anyone from noticing their social impact. But the parking space has been eating up our living space for sure, with or without our knowledge. Here an optimist may give the excuse that some of the country’s largest cities have no choice but to renegotiate the relationship among people, cars, and parking spaces. However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously. 36. In which section can we most probably read this passage? A. Travel. B. Features. C. Front page. D. Public welfare. 37. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A. lead the country to trouble B. discourage residents from buying cars C. annoy the local residents D. weaken the country’s overall strength 38. What can we imply about parking space’s role in the 20th century cities? A. It failed to meet the growing parking demands. B It completely dominated urban planning priorities. C. It was a necessary renegotiation by the city government. D. It unexpectedly brought about problems to people’s daily life. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. America should continue expanding parking though it is harmful. B. Cities in the 21st century should absolutely stop building more garages. C. Excessive parking space is damaging the society so it should be limited. D. Housing and other problems are not as urgent as insufficient parking space. 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出美国为停车分配了过多空间，这不仅破坏环境和建筑风格，还影响住房可负担性，呼吁改变规则，限制停车位。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.(人们所抱怨的是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标)”可推知，文章讨论了美国停车空间过多带来的一系列社会问题，如破坏环境、影响住房等，这与公共福利相关，所以文章最有可能出现在公共福利板块。故选D项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind.(所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标。这种错误的优先事项put the country in a bind)”的“damaged”、“upset”和“misplaced priority”可推知，过多的停车位带来了诸多问题，使国家陷入麻烦。所以“put the country in a bind”意思是“让国家陷入麻烦”，与“lead the country to trouble”同义。故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs.(然而，停车位在20世纪对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，而且持续增加停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求)”可推知，在20世纪，停车位完全主导了城市规划的优先事项。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.(人们所抱怨的是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9英尺乘18英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标)”和最后一段“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously.(然而，停车位在20世纪对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，而且持续增加停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求。一些最重要的社会问题隐藏在人们的视线中，但停车甚至没有隐藏。它无处不在，值得我们认真对待)”可推知，过多的停车位正在损害社会，应该加以限制。故选C项。 (B) Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities. Since 1963, Stepping Stones has helped people with disabilities in Ohio find paths to independence that improve their lives and enable them to more fully participate in their communities. Today, Stepping Stones offers a variety of year-round programs and serves more than 1,100 children and adults with disabilities at four program locations.  Want to Support Stepping Stones? Browse opportunities to support Stepping Stones’ programs below. Annual Fund The Annual Giving Fund is established to help Stepping Stones meet the increasing and changing needs of the extraordinary people we serve. Stepping Stones depends on fundraising grants and gifts to the Annual Giving Fund to balance the budget. The Annual Giving Fund donations are used for a variety of important programs like Camperships to Summer Camp, Adult Day Services etc. Endowments The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones. The Fund is a separate fund of cash, securities and other assets (资产) that are held as restricted funds within the general assets of Stepping Stones. Endowment gifts are often in the form of cash or securities but also may include gifts of real estate, appreciated property and planned giving options. Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships. Gifts-in-Kind Do you have a product, service or other item that could benefit Stepping Stones? You may donate it as a Gift-in-Kind. Non-cash gifts can include design or printing services, advertising space, food, beverages, books, event auction items, office equipment or other items. Matching Gifts A great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations. Contact your Human Resources office to see if your company has a matching gifts program that can be used to match your contribution to Stepping Stones. 40. What can we learn about “endowment gifts” to Stepping Stones? A. They are used immediately. B. They should be in the form of cash. C. They can be reserved for a particular purpose. D. They are mainly used for daily operational expenses. 41. Xiao Li wants to donate his bonus to Stepping Stones. Which program will maximize his donation? A. Annual fund. B. Matching Gifts. C. Endowments. D. Gifts-in-kind. 42. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce the history of Stepping Stones. B. To show the importance of Stepping Stones. C. To present various ways to support Stepping Stones. D. To describe the programs offered by Stepping Stones. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非营利组织Stepping Stones的使命、服务内容以及支持该组织的方式，包括年度基金、捐赠基金、实物捐赠和配对捐赠等。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章表格Endowments部分中的“The Endowment Fund is established for restricted gifts for the long-term support of the objectives and mission of Stepping Stones.(捐赠基金是为了接受限定用途的捐赠而设立的，用于对“垫脚石”的目标和使命进行长期支持)”以及“Endowment gifts can be paid over a period of years and may be designated (指定) for specific named funds and scholarships.(捐赠基金的款项可以在数年时间内分期支付，并且可以指定用于特定的命名基金和奖学金项目)”可知，捐赠基金可以指定用于特定的命名基金和奖学金，即可以为特定目的预留。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章表格Matching Gifts部分中的“A great way to increase your donation to Stepping Stones is through your employer. Many companies offer a matching gift program to their employees, directors, employees’ husbands or wives as an added benefit. With these programs, a company will match an employee’s gift to charitable and educational organizations.(增加你对“垫脚石”捐赠金额的一个好办法是通过你的雇主来实现。许多公司为其员工、董事、员工的配偶提供配对捐赠项目，作为一项额外福利。通过这些项目，公司会对员工向慈善和教育机构的捐赠进行等额匹配)”可知，通过雇主的配对捐赠项目，公司会对员工向慈善和教育机构的捐赠进行等额匹配，所以小李通过这个项目捐赠奖金，公司会匹配相同金额，能使他的捐赠最大化。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。文章开篇“Stepping Stones is a nonprofit offering a variety of ways to support life-changing services for children, teenagers and adults with disabilities.(“垫脚石”是一家非营利组织，它提供多种方式来支持为残障儿童、青少年和成年人提供的改变人生的服务项目)”介绍了“Stepping Stones”是一个非营利组织，接着简述了其自1963年以来的发展情况和服务内容。然后以“Want to Support Stepping Stones?”引出下文，详细介绍了支持“Stepping Stones”的多种方式，包括年度基金、捐赠基金、实物捐赠和配对捐赠。也就是说，文章的主体部分就是在介绍不同的支持方式。故选C。 (C) In today’s digital age, it is challenging to go about daily life without hearing the term artificial intelligence (AI) mentioned. AI enters conversations in almost every industry. This AI revolution (革命) relies on increasing data center capacity, the physical locations equipped with the computing servers needed to power this technology. With such expensive and temperature-sensitive technology under one roof, these facilities require building products with reliable insulating properties that can effectively house these innovative systems to keep them running smoothly. Reliability is where insulated metal panels (IMPs) enter the conversation. IMPs have proven effective building materials for data centers nationwide. Data centers require a lot of energy to function. On average, a ChatGPT question needs 10 times as much electricity to process as a Google search, and Goldman Sachs research estimates that data center power demand will grow 160 percent by 2030. Along with rising energy bills, data center servers generate lots of heat, requiring sufficient air to cool them down. By designing construction materials that manage heat more effectively, companies can reduce energy expenses for temperature control while improving overall facility performance. Using IMPs as part of a roofing system has also proven a reliable solution, even when the rest of the facility was constructed with concrete. Recent IMP innovation has transformed the way roofs are installed in temperature-controlled environments. IMPs simplify projects by reducing the assembly (装配) required, therefore decreasing installation time. New IMP roofing panels reduce the number of fasteners, minimize the risk of failure, and allow projects to be completed faster. By producing items on demand, they minimize site waste and significantly reduce the number of loads transported to the location. This approach helps streamline operations and contributes to a more sustainable practice overall. When firms design data centers for the various technology giants, they often establish a base model that only requires slight changes due to climate, soil conditions, etc., based on location in different parts of the country. The base model stays the same, so when a technology company greenlights an order for a dozen new data centers, they can be built quickly due to the predictable design. Data centers are typically designed to maximize internal usable space and have few windows and doors. With simplified designs, installing 1,858 m² of IMP material in a single day is common. One of the great benefits of IMPs is the ability to cut weeks out of a construction schedule compared with traditional methods. 43. What does the underlined word “insulate” in the passage probably mean? A. To protect from heat. B. To separate from others. C. To make something isolated. D. To make something more efficient. 44. IMPs are effective building materials for data center nationwide because of __________. ① high insulation value; ② fast installation; ③ reasonable prices; ④ reliable services A. ① ② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. IMPs are too complicated for data center construction B. the demand of concrete will increase in the coming years C. data centers will no longer be needed with the development of AI D. traditional building methods are less environmentally-friendly than using IMPs 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The application of IMPs in developing data centers. B. The importance of energy-efficiency in the digital age. C. The development of AI and its impact on data centers. D. The challenges of building data centers in the digital age. 【答案】43. A 44. A 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明在数字时代，AI 依赖数据中心，绝缘金属板（IMPs）因隔热、安装快等优势成为数据中心有效建材。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“With such expensive and temperature-sensitive technology under one roof, these facilities require building products with reliable insulating properties that can effectively house these innovative systems to keep them running smoothly.(在一个屋檐下有如此昂贵且对温度敏感的技术，这些设施需要具有可靠insulating性能的建筑产品，能够有效地容纳这些创新系统，以保持它们平稳运行。)”可知，数据中心的技术对温度敏感，需要有能让这些系统平稳运行的建筑产品，这种产品应该能隔热，所以insulating应与隔热相关，可推测insulate意为“隔热；使隔热”的意思。故选A项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Reliability is where insulated metal panels (IMPs) enter the conversation. IMPs have proven effective building materials for data centers nationwide.(可靠性就是绝缘金属板（IMPs）的用武之地。IMPs 已被证明是全国各地数据中心的有效建筑材料。)”以及第三段中“By designing construction materials that manage heat more effectively, companies can reduce energy expenses for temperature control while improving overall facility performance.(通过设计更有效地管理热量的建筑材料，公司可以减少用于温度控制的能源费用，同时提高整体设施性能。)”可知，IMPs有高隔热价值，对应①；再根据第四段“IMPs simplify projects by reducing the assembly (装配) required, therefore decreasing installation time.(IMPs 通过减少所需的装配来简化项目，从而减少安装时间。)”可知，IMPs 安装速度快，对应②。文中未提及IMPs价格合理和可靠的服务。所以IMPs成为有效建筑材料是因为①高隔热价值和②快速安装。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“By producing items on demand, they minimize site waste and significantly reduce the number of loads transported to the location. This approach helps streamline operations and contributes to a more sustainable practice overall.(通过按需生产，它们将现场废物降至最低，并显著减少运输到该地点的货物数量。这种方法有助于简化操作，并总体上有助于更可持续的实践。)”可知，使用IMPs能减少废物和运输量，更具可持续性，由此可推断出传统建筑方法不如使用IMPs环保。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段“Reliability is where insulated metal panels (IMPs) enter the conversation. IMPs have proven effective building materials for data centers nationwide.(可靠性就是绝缘金属板（IMPs）的用武之地。IMPs 已被证明是全国各地数据中心的有效建筑材料。)”以及后文对IMPs在数据中心建设中的优势，如隔热、安装快、环保等方面的阐述可知，本文主要讲述了IMPs在开发数据中心中的应用。故选A项。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Teamwork: Important in career planning Teamwork is a vital skill for career planning and professional growth. One of its key benefits is developing problem-solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions. ____47____ This collaborative (合作的) approach not only leads to better outcomes but also helps you develop critical thinking and adaptability, essential for rising to workplace challenges. Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills. ____48____ Team projects provide a practical environment to practice these skills, helping you express yourself clearly and understand others’ perspectives. Strong communication is highly valued in the workplace, as it ensures smooth cooperation and minimizes misunderstandings. ____49____ In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal. At the same time, you learn to cooperate effectively, balancing your contributions with those of others. These skills are particularly important in today’s interconnected work environment, where projects often require input from multiple participants. Finally, teamwork prepares you for the realities of the workplace. Most professional environments rely on joint efforts, and employers value candidates who can work well in teams. By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co-workers. ____50____ In short, teamwork is not just a soft skill; it is a critical component of career planning and professional success. A. Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills. B. Additionally, teamwork can increase your contributions in the workplace. C. By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively. D. These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges. E. Teamwork sometimes slows down decision-making processes due to excessive discussions. F. Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information-exchanging is crucial. 【答案】47. C 48. F 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了团队合作在职业规划和个人职业成长中的重要性，介绍了团队合作能培养解决问题能力、提升沟通能力等好处。 【47题详解】 上文“One of its key benefits is developing problem solving abilities. In any career, challenges are inevitable, and working in a team allows individuals to combine their diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives (视角) to find creative solutions.(它的一个关键好处是培养解决问题的能力。在任何职业中，挑战都是不可避免的，团队合作能让个人结合他们不同的技能、经验和视角来找到创造性的解决方案)”强调团队合作有助于解决问题。C选项“By pooling resources and ideas, teams can tackle complex problems more effectively.(通过集中资源和想法，团队可以更有效地解决复杂问题)”进一步说明了团队合作解决问题的方式，即集中资源和想法，与上文在逻辑上紧密相连，都是围绕团队合作解决问题展开。故选C项。 【48题详解】 上文“Another important aspect of teamwork is improving communication skills.(团队合作另一个重要方面是提高沟通能力)”提出团队合作对提升沟通能力有作用。F选项“Whether you’re sharing ideas or giving feedback, efficient information exchanging is crucial.(无论你是在分享想法还是提供反馈，高效的信息交流都是至关重要的)”具体说明了在团队合作中沟通的重要表现形式——高效信息交流，与上文提到的沟通能力相呼应。故选F项。 【49题详解】 下文“In a team, you may take on roles such as leading a project, assigning tasks, or motivating others. These experiences teach you how to manage group dynamics and inspire people to work toward a common goal.(在团队中，你可能会承担诸如领导一个项目、分配任务或激励他人等角色。这些经历会教你如何管理团队动态，激励人们朝着一个共同的目标努力)”描述了在团队中能获得领导和合作相关的经验。A选项“Teamwork also enhances leadership and collaboration skills.(团队合作还能提升领导和合作能力)”正好引出下文关于团队合作在领导和合作方面的内容，与下文逻辑关系紧密。故选A项。 【50题详解】 上文“By practicing teamwork early on, you develop the ability to contribute to group efforts, adapt to different working styles, and build positive relationships with co workers.(通过尽早实践团队合作，你能培养为团队做出贡献的能力，适应不同的工作风格，并与同事建立积极的关系)”说明了团队合作能带来的各种能力提升。D选项“These experiences increase your confidence and readiness for future career challenges.(这些经历会增加你应对未来职业挑战的信心和准备)”总结了上文提到的团队合作带来的能力提升的好处，即增强应对未来职业挑战的信心和准备，与上文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 III. Summary writing (10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.  Publishers are rewriting classics Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive (犯忌的) today. Days after Puffin Books faced criticism for editing Dahl’s works, reports showed Fleming’s team also made careful checks before reissuing Bond books. Both authors’ works included problematic terms —Dahl’s books had unfair comments on race, gender, and mental health, while Fleming’s stories used old-fashioned descriptions of people of color. Puffin Books worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC) and a diversity group to update Dahl’s stories. Many changes were made, such as rewriting a line in James and the Giant Peach from “fried alive and eaten by a Mexican” to remove hurtful words. Mentions of a writer linked to historical unfairness, Rudyard Kipling, were replaced with Jane Austen. RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. She believed that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is no limiting principle.” And the author, Salman Rushdie said: “Roald Dahl was not perfect but this is absurd censorship (荒谬的审查制度).” Despite the strong negative responses, Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. Yet Karen, a professor of children’s literature, says there is a precedent (历史参照案例) for rewriting texts and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience. Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. Some argue that the original texts should remain unchanged, while others claim the updates ensure wider acceptance. In practice, original and revised editions coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。围绕英国出版商改写经典作品以去除冒犯性词汇一事展开讨论，呈现了不同观点，且提到出版社的做法，最后有专家给出建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Recent arguments have arisen as British publishers changed Roald Dahl’s children’s books and Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels to remove language seen as offensive today. ②RDSC said these edits help Dahl’s stories “be enjoyed by all children today.” ③Some critics, like Suzanne Nossel, have argued that Dahl’s work should stand as it is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. ④Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 that it would continue to publish “classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions. ⑤Karen says the third is the “least problematic option” but that an even better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. 2. 缜密构思 将第2、3要点整合为不同人对改写经典的不同态度；第4要点单独成点；第5要点单独成点。 3 遣词造句 The news that British publishers rewrite classics to remove offensive terms has sparked arguments. Some think the original texts should stay, while others believe the updates make the stories more acceptable. Original and revised editions will coexist. An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The news that British publishers are rewriting classics to remove offensive terms has drawn mixed responses. (运用了同位语从句) [高分句型2] An expert suggests discovering new authors may be an even better approach. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，表示“这部电影”应用the film，在本句中作主语；表示“做出了很大贡献”应用 contributes/ has contributed significantly to，这里时态可用一般现在时表示客观情况，也可用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；表示“推动中国文化走向世界”应用promote Chinese culture to the world，为动词短语，且contribute to doing sth，表“助成某事”，为固定搭配，所以这里应用动名词短语作介词to后宾语。故填The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 53. 他忘了在饭盒上贴标签，有人不小心错拿了。(label) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it.##He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。“忘记做某事”表达为forget to do sth.，因此表示“他忘了在饭盒上贴标签”应用he forgot to label his lunchbox；表示“有人不小心错拿了”可翻译为so someone accidentally took it，其中 accidentally(意外地)为副词作状语；表示“有人不小心错拿了”也可翻译为so someone took it by mistake，其中by mistake(错误地)为介词短语作状语。故翻译为He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it.或He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake. 54. 在中国，绿色能源发展迅速，越来越多的人选择电动汽车来保护环境和减少污染。(evolve) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In China, green energy evolves rapidly, as more people choose electric cars to protect the environment and reduce pollution. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、时态和原因状语从句。“在中国”作地点状语，可用介宾短语in China表示；“绿色能源发展迅速”是主句，主语“绿色能源”用green energy，谓语“发展”用动词evolve，句子描述现在的客观情况，用一般现在时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式evolves，“迅速”作状语，用副词rapidly；“越来越多的人选择电动汽车来保护环境和减少污染”可处理为从属连词as引导的原因状语从句，主语“越来越多的人”用more people，谓语“选择”用动词choose，句子描述现在的客观情况，用一般现在时态，宾语“电动汽车”用名词短语electric cars，“来保护环境和减少污染”作目的状语，用动词不定式短语to protect the environment and reduce pollution。综上，全句译为：In China, green energy evolves rapidly, as more people choose electric cars to protect the environment and reduce pollution. 55. 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“上周末”应用last weekend，在本句中作状语；表示“在春意盎然的植物园”应用in the botanical garden in full spring bloom，在本句中作地点状语，其中in full spring bloom (春意盎然的) 为介词短语作定语修饰前面名词garden；表示“我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇”应用my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across，为主谓结构，其中come across表“偶然遇见”，为固定搭配；表示“（这让）我们都非常激动”应用which excited us a lot，为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面句子，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. V. Guided writing (25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你的好友小明正在为即将到来的高考志愿填报而烦恼。他在纠结两个选择：一是选择自己热爱的历史专业，但就业前景相对较窄；二是选择父母建议的口腔医学专业，就业前景广阔，但他对此兴趣不大。请你给小明写一封信，帮助他做出选择并阐述你的理由。 内容需包含：1) 对两个选择的分析；2)给出你的建议并说明理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Xiaoming, I understand you’re struggling with the college major choice for the upcoming college entrance examination. Let me analyze the two options for you. On one hand, the history major is your passion. Studying what you love can bring you a lot of joy and fulfillment during your college years, and you may achieve great academic results. However, its relatively narrow job prospects might pose challenges in the future. On the other hand, the stomatology major recommended by your parents has a broad employment outlook. You’ll have more job opportunities after graduation. My suggestion is that you choose the history major. Passion is the best teacher. When you are truly interested in a major, you’ll be more willing to put in efforts and explore deeply, and may also find unique ways to turn your love for history into a career. I hope you can make a decision that makes you happy. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给好友小明写一封信，针对他在填报高考志愿时面临选择热爱但就业前景窄的历史专业和父母建议、就业前景广但自己兴趣不大的口腔医学专业的纠结，进行分析并给出建议及理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 即将来临的：upcoming → forthcoming 热情：passion → enthusiasm 高兴的：happy → delighted 建议：suggestion → proposal/advice 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On the other hand, the stomatology major recommended by your parents has a broad employment outlook. 拓展句：On the other hand, the stomatology major which is recommended by your parents has a broad employment outlook. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I understand you’re struggling with the college major choice for the upcoming college entrance examination. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Studying what you love can bring you a lot of joy and fulfillment during your college years, and you may achieve great academic results. (运用了动名词短语作主语和连接代词what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型3】When you are truly interested in a major, you’ll be more willing to put in efforts and explore deeply. (运用了从属连词when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$