专题04 非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语（复习） 语法精讲: 一、非谓语动词(短语)作定语 1.不定式(短语)作定语 动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor.(主谓关系) 我们需要有人去请医生。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.(动宾关系) 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with.(动宾关系) 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 [易错精点]　 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 （1）当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。 （2）当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity，desire，determination，decision等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 2. 动名词作定语，用来说明被修饰词的性质、用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”，此时动名词常置于被修饰的词的前面 a fishing net 渔网 a swimming pool 游泳池 an operating table手术台 a singing competition 歌唱比赛 drinking water饮用水 reading room 阅览室 a washing machine 洗衣机 a walking stick 拐杖 a sleeping car 卧铺车厢 There are many people in the waiting room. 候车室有很多人。 In sight of Shackleton's landing place, our boat hit rock. 在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时，我们的船触礁了。 3.作定语的分词形式主要有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。单独的分词作定语时,一般用于被修饰词前,如果是分词短语作定语,就要置于被修饰词之后。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词作定语;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“Being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系或表示完成时,用过去分词。 （1）现在分词作定语： ①及物动词的现在分词作定语 v.-ing：被修饰的名词与现在分词为逻辑上的主动关系，v.-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征 I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过更动人的电影了。 ②being done：被修饰的名词与现在分词为被动关系且表示动作正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。 ③不及物动词现在分词形式作定语表示动作正在进行 boiling water 正沸腾的水；falling leaves 正在下落的叶子；developing countries 发展中国家； （2）过去分词作定语 ①及物动词过去分词作定语与被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系，表示动作已经完成或表状态 Look at the broken glasses. 看看这些碎了的玻璃杯。 "Things lost never come again!" I couldn't help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！” ②不及物动词分词过去分词一般作前置定语，不表示被动，只表示完成 boiled water 白开水 fallen leaves 落叶 developed countries 发达国家 二、非谓语动词(短语)作状语 1.不定式(短语)作状语 （1）不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形替换，意为“为了；想要”，但so as to不用于句首 To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 In order to/So as to increase leves of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. 为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。 （2）动词不定式(短语)作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. 她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。 She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。 [易错精点]　 too...to...结构并不一定表示“太……而不能”否定之意。表示肯定意义时与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 考试及格我太高兴了。 （3）不定式(短语)作原因状语常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中，常与表示喜怒哀乐的情感类形容词happy，excited, sorry, glad, kind，frightened，shocked，glad， surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等连用，说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因。 They were surprised to find that he'd already left. 他们惊奇地发现他已经走了。 I am delighted to hear that you are keen on Chinese tradition culture. 我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 2.分词(短语)作状语 (1)现在分词作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 Leaving the airport, they waved again and again. 离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。 Having watered the flowers, he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后， 开始割草。 He jumped with joy, hearing the good news. 听到这个好消息，他快乐地跳起来。 Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom.看见老师,他跑进了教室。 (2)过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. 从月球上看，地球是绿色的。 Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 老师对他的表现很满意，在课堂上表扬了他。 Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 与你相比，我还有很长的路要走。 Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 解释一百遍，他还是听不懂。 The cup fell down to the ground, broken into pieces.杯子掉在地上，摔得粉碎。 Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下,那位老教师走进了教室。 （3）部分过去分词(短语)作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。这类过去分词(短语)有:located(坐落于)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(全神贯注于)、tired of(对……厌烦)、faced with(面对着)等。 Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜晚的来临。 三、非谓语动词(短语)作补足语 非谓语动词可以作宾语补足语,也可以作主语补足语。将含有非谓语动词作宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。此处重点讲解非谓语动词作宾语补足语。 1.不定式(短语)作宾语补足语 有些动词（短语）后跟不定式作宾补用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，宾语和不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系。常接不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，want，wish，warn，remind，wait for，call on，depend on等。 I want you to help me. 我希望你帮助我。 She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她让我在她不在时接电话。 Our teacher encourages us to face difficulty bravely. 我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。 2.现在分词作补语说明宾语的性质、特征或正在做的动作。一般在感官动词 feel, hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,observe和使役动词make, let, have, keep, set，get, catch, leave后用现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，变成被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补（意义主动或正在进行） I have two men working for me in the company. 我让两个人在公司为我工作。 I heard an English song being sung by a little girl at the English evening. 我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩唱英文歌。 If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers. 如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 3.过去分词作补语 过去分词可用于使役动词keep, leave, get, have, make，order;感官动词 feel, hear, listen to,let,make,have ,see, watch,notice, look , observe; 情感心理find，think，want, wish, like动词后作宾补。及物动词的过去分词作补足语，与宾语构成被动关系。有少数不及物动词的过去分词作补足语，表示完成或状态。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 A liar cannot make himself believed. 习惯于说谎的人无法让别人相信自己。 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 发现我的家乡变化很大后我感到十分惊讶。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 开车进入市区之前，你必修把车洗一洗。 语法精练: 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A．waited B．to wait C．waiting D．wait 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有数百名游客在美术馆前等着看梵高的画作。“There be + 名词 + 非谓语动词”是固定结构，visitors（游客）和wait（等待）之间是主动关系，即游客主动发出等待的动作，所以要用现在分词形式作后置定语来修饰visitors ，表示正在进行的动作。故选C。 2．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）When he woke up, he found himself ____ in the street and surrounded by a group of children. A．lie B．lying C．lay D．laying 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：当他醒来时，他发现自己躺在街上，被一群孩子围着。根据“When he woke up”以及“in the street”可知他醒来时发现自己躺在街上，动词lie“躺”符合句意，设空处作宾补，宾语himself与lie之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示正处于的状态，用现在分词形式lying；动词lay意为“放置，下（蛋）”。故选B。 3．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）All the department managers of the company were studying the plan that they would like to see ______ into practice the next month. A．to put B．put C．to be putting D．Putting 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：公司所有的部门经理都在研究一项计划，他们希望能在下个月付诸实施。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the plan”。在这个定语从句中，“they”是主语，“would like to see”是谓语，“the plan”（关系代词 that 指代the plan）是宾语。“see sth. done”表示“看到某事被做”，其中“done”是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语“sth.”之间是被动关系。在本题中，“the plan”与“put into practice”（实施）之间是被动关系，即计划被实施，所以要用过去分词“put”（put 的过去分词形式还是 put）作宾语补足语。故选B项。 4．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）______ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dated B．Dating C．To date D．Being dated 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非谓语动词，date back to“追溯到，始于”，主语Peking Opera与date back to构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词形式作状语。故选B项。 5．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）When you answer the question in class, you have to make yourself ____ by the other students in the classroom. A．being heard B．heard C．to hear D．hearing 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在课堂上回答问题时，你必须让课堂上的其他学生听到你的声音。分析句子可知，这里考查make oneself + 过去分词，是固定结构，意为“使自己被……”，yourself 与hear为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作宾补，符合句意。故选B项。 6．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）Lizzy can’t talk on the phone right now. She’s having her hair ____ at the moment. A．cut B．was cut C．to cut D．cutting 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：莉兹现在不能接电话。她现在正在理发。“have sth. done”为固定结构，表示 “让某物被……”，指通过支付费用或请求他人的帮助，让某物被……。其中sth.与done之间是被动关系。在“She’s having her hair ____ at the moment.”这句话中，her hair和cut之间是被动关系，即头发被剪，所以用过去分词cut作宾语补足语。故选A项。 7．（24-25高二下·天津·阶段练习）The room_______10 meters across belongs to my cousin。 A．is measured B．measuring C．to measure D．measured 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这间宽10米的房间属于我的表亲。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词room，measure意为“量度为……”，没有被动形式，所以此处使用现在分词形式作定语。故选B项。 8．（24-25高二下·黑龙江牡丹江·阶段练习）The meeting ______ tomorrow is of great importance. A．held B．to be held C．being held D．having been held 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天将要举行的会议非常重要。句中已有is，空处作非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词the meeting，the meeting与hold之间是被动关系，即会议是被举行；且根据时间状语tomorrow可知，举行会议是将来要发生的动作，动作尚未发生，用不定式形式。此处填动词不定式的被动形式to be held表示“将要被……”。故选B。 9．（24-25高二下·黑龙江牡丹江·阶段练习）______ by the teacher, the student felt encouraged and worked even harder. A．Praised B．Praising C．To praise D．Having praised 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到老师的表扬后，这名学生感到鼓舞，学习更加努力。此处非谓语动词作状语，主语the student与praise是逻辑被动关系 ，praise需要使用过去分词形式。故选A项。 10．（24-25高二下·天津武清·阶段练习）In response to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to take a look at a study in China in 2023. A．having conducted B．being conducted C．conducted D．conducting 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：针对水污染问题，我想让你看看2023年在中国进行的一项研究。本句谓语为would like，此处为非谓语动词，且study与conduct“进行”之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词conducted，作后置定语，修饰名词study。故选C。 11．（24-25高二下·天津河东·阶段练习）The bus broke down on the way with passengers ________ for two hours before another bus came to their rescue. A．trapping B．having trapped C．to be trapped D．trapped 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：公共汽车在路上抛锚了，乘客被困了两个小时，然后另一辆公共汽车来救他们。分析句子可知，这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构，在句中作状语。passengers与trap之间是被动关系，即“乘客被困”，所以用过去分词trapped，作宾语补足语。故选D项。 12．（24-25高二下·天津河北·阶段练习） the energy problem, more than 100 experts from different countries got together and had a heated discussion. A．Tackling B．Tackled C．Having tackled D．To tackle 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决能源问题，来自不同国家的100多位专家聚在一起，进行了热烈的讨论。“____ the energy problem”在句中作目的状语，意为“为了解决能源问题”，应用动词不定式形式，句首单词首字母大写。故选D项。 13．（24-25高二下·天津河北·阶段练习） the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day become international stars. A．Given B．Having given C．To give D．Giving 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给予恰当的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天可能成为国际明星。句中已有谓语动词may become，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语these teenagers和give之间为被动关系，应用过去分词given。故选A。 14．（24-25高二下·天津武清·阶段练习）The detective, _______ to be reading a newspaper, glanced at the man _______ next to a woman. A．pretending; seated B．pretended; seated C．pretending; seat D．pretended; seating 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位侦探假装在读报纸，瞥了一眼坐在一位女士旁边的男子。第一个空为非谓语作伴随状语，主语The detective与pretend是主动关系，且与谓语同时发生。因此需要使用现在分词形式；第二个空时非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词the man，此处the man与seat是被动关系，即强调“被安排坐下”的状态。因此需要使用过去分词形式seated。故选A。 15．（24-25高二下·天津·阶段练习）With all the seats ______, some kids had no choice but to stand in the hallway of the theater watching the wonderful play. A．occupying B．occupied C．to occupy D．having occupied 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于座位都坐满了，一些孩子别无选择，只能站在剧院的走廊上看这场精彩的戏剧。逗号前为with的复合结构，occupy与逻辑主语all the seats之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式occupied作宾语补足语。故选B项。 16．（24-25高二下·天津和平·阶段练习）________ in a long pink shirt, Linda looks like a princess who is going to attend a ball. A．Dressed B．To dress C．Dressing D．Having dressed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：穿着一件长长的粉色衬衫，琳达看起来像要去参加舞会的公主。“(dress) in a long pink shirt”作伴随状语，dress(穿衣；给……穿衣服)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Linda之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作伴随状语。故选A项。 17．（24-25高二下·天津西青·阶段练习）The palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly ________ Europe and China. A．originated from B．originating from C．to originate from D．originates from 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院拥有世界上最重要的钟表收藏之一，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中谓语是has，空格处用非谓语动词，collections of timepieces和originate from之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故选B。 18．（24-25高二下·广东广州·阶段练习）_______________ by the police, the kidnappers, who had been holding their hostages for hours, finally realized that they had no choice but ____________ up. A．Being surrounded; give B．Having surrounded; give C．Surrounded; to give D．Surrounding; to give 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被警方包围后，已经挟持人质数小时的绑匪最终意识到他们别无选择，只能投降。第一空，句中realized作谓语，空处在句中作非谓语，动词surround与句子主语构成被动关系，应用过去分词的形式，作状语；第二空，固定搭配have no choice but to do“除了做……别无选择”，空处应用动词不定式形式。故选C。 19．（24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Many young people went to the city, _______ to get good jobs. A．hope B．to hope C．hoped D．hoping 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多年轻人去了城市，希望找到好工作。句中已有谓语went，空处作非谓语动词，hope与逻辑主语Many young people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式hoping作状语。故选D。 20．（24-25高二下·广东广州·阶段练习）Once _____________ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately, without any chance for negotiation or reconsideration. A．caught stealing B．caught to steal C．catching stealing D．catching to steal 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：一旦在商店被抓到偷窃，你将立即被解雇，没有任何谈判或重新考虑的机会。根据空前Once和空后will be dismissed可知，空处为Once引导状语从句的省略句，主语you与动词catch之间为被动关系，完整句子为you are caught，当主从句主语一致，谓语部分包含be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，即省略you are，固定短语catch sb. doing sth.，意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，空处应填caught stealing。故选A。 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）The newly-built road (stretch) to the other side of the mountain brings great convenience to the villagers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stretching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这条新建的延伸到山那边的路给村民们带来了极大的便利。句子谓语动词是brings，空处应填非谓语动词，且stretch和road之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式stretching作后置定语，修饰名词road。故填stretching。 2．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The class (comprise) of 50 students is really a great class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comprised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个由50名学生组成的班级真是一个很棒的班级。句中已有谓语动词is，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词class，comprise与class之间是被动关系，故需要用过去分词形式。故填comprised。 3．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）We must have the opportunities as well as potential risks (evaluate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】evaluated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须对机会和潜在风险进行评估。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，evaluate与the opportunities as well as potential risks构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填evaluated。 4．（24-25高二下·江西南昌·阶段练习） (rank) among the top athletes in the world, he has won numerous championships. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Ranking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为世界顶尖运动员之一，他赢得了无数冠军。本句谓语为has won，此处为非谓语动词，且rank“排列”与其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式ranking，作状语，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Ranking。 5．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·阶段练习） (absorb) in preparing the dinner for her family’s special occasion, Grace didn’t hear the doorbell ring. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Grace专注于为家人的特殊场合准备晚餐，没有听到门铃响。根据空后in preparing可知，句子考查固定短语be absorbed in doing sth.，意为“专注于……”，动词absorb和主语Grace之间是被动关系，空处用过去分词absorbed作原因状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 6．（24-25高二下·江西赣州·阶段练习）Just watching him run, got me (motivate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】motivated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看着他跑，我就有了动力。此处motivate与me构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填motivated。 7．（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）This dictionary (intend) for the English beginners has gained great popularity among the teenagers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本为英语初学者准备的词典在青少年中很受欢迎。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has gained”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be intended for…”意为“专为……设计”，“dictionary”和“intend”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“intend”的过去分词“intended”，作后置定语。故填intended。 8．（24-25高二下·江苏·阶段练习）This means meeting deadlines for your school work, (follow) your teachers’ guidance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】following 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着要按时完成学业任务，听从老师的指导。本句已有谓语动词means，所以follow“遵从”应该用非谓语动词形式，且此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，作状语。故填following。 9．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Mr Black is a careful and experienced engineer so he is often appointed (deal) with some challenging tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to deal 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：布莱克先生是一位细心且经验丰富的工程师，因此他经常被指派处理一些具有挑战性的任务。“be appointed to do sth.”是固定用法，其含义为“被任命、委派去做某事”。在本题里，“Mr Black”常常被委派去处理具有挑战性的任务，所以要用动词不定式“to deal”作主语补足语。故填to deal。 10．（24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习）More often than not, winning has the victor (walk) on air, lost in the glory of the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通常情况下，胜利让胜利者飘飘然，沉浸在那一刻的荣耀中。空处是宾补，walk和宾语victor之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填walking。 11．（24-25高二下·新疆喀什·阶段练习）We need to find ways (reduce) waste. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to reduce 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们需要找到减少浪费的方法。ways后需要接不定式作定语，表示“减少浪费的方法”。 故填 to reduce。 12．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）I have the privilege (introduce) our speaker for tonight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to introduce 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很荣幸能介绍今晚的演讲者。privilege后接不定式作定语，表示“有……的特权/荣幸”。故填to introduce。 13．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Her student card entitles her ( borrow) books for free from the library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to borrow 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她的学生证使她有权从图书馆免费借书。entitle sb to do sth是固定搭配，表示“使某人有权利做某事”，其中“to do”是不定式作宾语补足语，故此处应填动词不定式形式。故填to borrow。 14．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）At the party, he performed a poem ( entitle) “To a Skylark”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在聚会上，他朗诵了一首题为《致云雀》的诗。此处需要使用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词poem，entitle与poem是被动关系，且发生在谓语之前，因此需要用过去分词形式entitled作后置定语。故填entitled 15．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only (cause) serious damage, but also costing human lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成了严重破坏，还夺去了人类的生命。“not only...but also...”连接两个并列的成分，在该句中 but also后面使用的是 costing，是现在分词形式，所以not only后面也要保持形式一致，cause应变为现在分词 causing，现在分词在这里作结果状语，说明气温上升带来的结果。故填causing。 16．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）The band (consist) of 3 members enjoys great popularity in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个由三名成员组成的乐队在中国很受欢迎。本句的谓语是enjoys，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The band和consist之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，作后置定语。故填consisting。 17．（24-25高二下·山东济宁·阶段练习）The organization (compose) of 55 people attempted to help those in need of food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】composed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个由55人组成的组织试图帮助那些需要食物的人。句中已有谓语动词attempted，空处应用非谓语，be composed of“由……组成”是固定搭配，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词organization。故填composed。 18．（24-25高二下·福建莆田·阶段练习） (devote) to learning English for years, I think I am qualified for the job because I am capable of communication with foreigners in English fluently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Devoted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我致力于学习英语多年，我认为我能胜任这份工作，因为我能用英语流利地与外国人交流。此处为非谓语动词作状语，短语be devoted to表示“致力于”可知，devote与逻辑主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Devoted。 19．（23-24高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The villagers had the green hills (dot) with painted houses to form a striking landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dotted 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：村民们用彩绘的房子点缀着青山，形成了一幅引人注目的景观。空处为非谓语动词，the green hills与dot为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 dotted。 20．（24-25高一下·福建三明·阶段练习）When he woke up, he found himself (surround) by his parents and friends. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他醒来时，他发现自己被父母和朋友包围着。此处需要使用非谓语动词作宾补，即“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”，surround是及物动词，意为“包围”，与主语“he”构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填surround。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语（复习） 语法精讲: 一、非谓语动词(短语)作定语 1.不定式(短语)作定语 动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor.(主谓关系) 我们需要有人去请医生。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.(动宾关系) 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with.(动宾关系) 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 [易错精点]　 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 （1）当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。 （2）当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity，desire，determination，decision等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 2. 动名词作定语，用来说明被修饰词的性质、用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”，此时动名词常置于被修饰的词的前面 a fishing net 渔网 a swimming pool 游泳池 an operating table手术台 a singing competition 歌唱比赛 drinking water饮用水 reading room 阅览室 a washing machine 洗衣机 a walking stick 拐杖 a sleeping car 卧铺车厢 There are many people in the waiting room. 候车室有很多人。 In sight of Shackleton's landing place, our boat hit rock. 在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时，我们的船触礁了。 3.作定语的分词形式主要有:现在分词、“being+过去分词”、过去分词。单独的分词作定语时,一般用于被修饰词前,如果是分词短语作定语,就要置于被修饰词之后。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时,用现在分词作定语;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时,用“Being+过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系或表示完成时,用过去分词。 （1）现在分词作定语： ①及物动词的现在分词作定语 v.-ing：被修饰的名词与现在分词为逻辑上的主动关系，v.-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征 I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过更动人的电影了。 ②being done：被修饰的名词与现在分词为被动关系且表示动作正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。 ③不及物动词现在分词形式作定语表示动作正在进行 boiling water 正沸腾的水；falling leaves 正在下落的叶子；developing countries 发展中国家； （2）过去分词作定语 ①及物动词过去分词作定语与被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系，表示动作已经完成或表状态 Look at the broken glasses. 看看这些碎了的玻璃杯。 "Things lost never come again!" I couldn't help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！” ②不及物动词分词过去分词一般作前置定语，不表示被动，只表示完成 boiled water 白开水 fallen leaves 落叶 developed countries 发达国家 二、非谓语动词(短语)作状语 1.不定式(短语)作状语 （1）不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形替换，意为“为了；想要”，但so as to不用于句首 To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 In order to/So as to increase leves of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. 为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。 （2）动词不定式(短语)作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. 她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。 She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。 [易错精点]　 too...to...结构并不一定表示“太……而不能”否定之意。表示肯定意义时与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 考试及格我太高兴了。 （3）不定式(短语)作原因状语常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中，常与表示喜怒哀乐的情感类形容词happy，excited, sorry, glad, kind，frightened，shocked，glad， surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等连用，说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因。 They were surprised to find that he'd already left. 他们惊奇地发现他已经走了。 I am delighted to hear that you are keen on Chinese tradition culture. 我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 2.分词(短语)作状语 (1)现在分词作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 Leaving the airport, they waved again and again. 离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。 Having watered the flowers, he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后， 开始割草。 He jumped with joy, hearing the good news. 听到这个好消息，他快乐地跳起来。 Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom.看见老师,他跑进了教室。 (2)过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. 从月球上看，地球是绿色的。 Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 老师对他的表现很满意，在课堂上表扬了他。 Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 与你相比，我还有很长的路要走。 Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 解释一百遍，他还是听不懂。 The cup fell down to the ground, broken into pieces.杯子掉在地上，摔得粉碎。 Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下,那位老教师走进了教室。 （3）部分过去分词(短语)作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。这类过去分词(短语)有:located(坐落于)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(全神贯注于)、tired of(对……厌烦)、faced with(面对着)等。 Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜晚的来临。 三、非谓语动词(短语)作补足语 非谓语动词可以作宾语补足语,也可以作主语补足语。将含有非谓语动词作宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时,宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。此处重点讲解非谓语动词作宾语补足语。 1.不定式(短语)作宾语补足语 有些动词（短语）后跟不定式作宾补用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，宾语和不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系。常接不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，want，wish，warn，remind，wait for，call on，depend on等。 I want you to help me. 我希望你帮助我。 She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她让我在她不在时接电话。 Our teacher encourages us to face difficulty bravely. 我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。 2.现在分词作补语说明宾语的性质、特征或正在做的动作。一般在感官动词 feel, hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,observe和使役动词make, let, have, keep, set，get, catch, leave后用现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，变成被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补（意义主动或正在进行） I have two men working for me in the company. 我让两个人在公司为我工作。 I heard an English song being sung by a little girl at the English evening. 我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩唱英文歌。 If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers. 如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 3.过去分词作补语 过去分词可用于使役动词keep, leave, get, have, make，order;感官动词 feel, hear, listen to,let,make,have ,see, watch,notice, look , observe; 情感心理find，think，want, wish, like动词后作宾补。及物动词的过去分词作补足语，与宾语构成被动关系。有少数不及物动词的过去分词作补足语，表示完成或状态。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 A liar cannot make himself believed. 习惯于说谎的人无法让别人相信自己。 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 发现我的家乡变化很大后我感到十分惊讶。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 开车进入市区之前，你必修把车洗一洗。 语法精练: 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A．waited B．to wait C．waiting D．wait 2．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）When he woke up, he found himself ____ in the street and surrounded by a group of children. A．lie B．lying C．lay D．laying 3．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）All the department managers of the company were studying the plan that they would like to see ______ into practice the next month. A．to put B．put C．to be putting D．Putting 4．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）______ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dated B．Dating C．To date D．Being dated 5．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）When you answer the question in class, you have to make yourself ____ by the other students in the classroom. A．being heard B．heard C．to hear D．hearing 6．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）Lizzy can’t talk on the phone right now. She’s having her hair ____ at the moment. A．cut B．was cut C．to cut D．cutting 7．（24-25高二下·天津·阶段练习）The room_______10 meters across belongs to my cousin。 A．is measured B．measuring C．to measure D．measured 8．（24-25高二下·黑龙江牡丹江·阶段练习）The meeting ______ tomorrow is of great importance. A．held B．to be held C．being held D．having been held 9．（24-25高二下·黑龙江牡丹江·阶段练习）______ by the teacher, the student felt encouraged and worked even harder. A．Praised B．Praising C．To praise D．Having praised 10．（24-25高二下·天津武清·阶段练习）In response to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to take a look at a study in China in 2023. A．having conducted B．being conducted C．conducted D．conducting 11．（24-25高二下·天津河东·阶段练习）The bus broke down on the way with passengers ________ for two hours before another bus came to their rescue. A．trapping B．having trapped C．to be trapped D．trapped 12．（24-25高二下·天津河北·阶段练习） the energy problem, more than 100 experts from different countries got together and had a heated discussion. A．Tackling B．Tackled C．Having tackled D．To tackle 13．（24-25高二下·天津河北·阶段练习） the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day become international stars. A．Given B．Having given C．To give D．Giving 14．（24-25高二下·天津武清·阶段练习）The detective, _______ to be reading a newspaper, glanced at the man _______ next to a woman. A．pretending; seated B．pretended; seated C．pretending; seat D．pretended; seating 15．（24-25高二下·天津·阶段练习）With all the seats ______, some kids had no choice but to stand in the hallway of the theater watching the wonderful play. A．occupying B．occupied C．to occupy D．having occupied 16．（24-25高二下·天津和平·阶段练习）________ in a long pink shirt, Linda looks like a princess who is going to attend a ball. A．Dressed B．To dress C．Dressing D．Having dressed 17．（24-25高二下·天津西青·阶段练习）The palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly ________ Europe and China. A．originated from B．originating from C．to originate from D．originates from 18．（24-25高二下·广东广州·阶段练习）_______________ by the police, the kidnappers, who had been holding their hostages for hours, finally realized that they had no choice but ____________ up. A．Being surrounded; give B．Having surrounded; give C．Surrounded; to give D．Surrounding; to give 19．（24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中）Many young people went to the city, _______ to get good jobs. A．hope B．to hope C．hoped D．hoping 20．（24-25高二下·广东广州·阶段练习）Once _____________ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately, without any chance for negotiation or reconsideration. A．caught stealing B．caught to steal C．catching stealing D．catching to steal 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）The newly-built road (stretch) to the other side of the mountain brings great convenience to the villagers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The class (comprise) of 50 students is really a great class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）We must have the opportunities as well as potential risks (evaluate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（24-25高二下·江西南昌·阶段练习） (rank) among the top athletes in the world, he has won numerous championships. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·阶段练习） (absorb) in preparing the dinner for her family’s special occasion, Grace didn’t hear the doorbell ring. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（24-25高二下·江西赣州·阶段练习）Just watching him run, got me (motivate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（24-25高二下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）This dictionary (intend) for the English beginners has gained great popularity among the teenagers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（24-25高二下·江苏·阶段练习）This means meeting deadlines for your school work, (follow) your teachers’ guidance. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Mr Black is a careful and experienced engineer so he is often appointed (deal) with some challenging tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（24-25高二下·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习）More often than not, winning has the victor (walk) on air, lost in the glory of the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（24-25高二下·新疆喀什·阶段练习）We need to find ways (reduce) waste. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）I have the privilege (introduce) our speaker for tonight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Her student card entitles her ( borrow) books for free from the library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）At the party, he performed a poem ( entitle) “To a Skylark”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only (cause) serious damage, but also costing human lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）The band (consist) of 3 members enjoys great popularity in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．（24-25高二下·山东济宁·阶段练习）The organization (compose) of 55 people attempted to help those in need of food. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．（24-25高二下·福建莆田·阶段练习） (devote) to learning English for years, I think I am qualified for the job because I am capable of communication with foreigners in English fluently. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．（23-24高一下·吉林长春·阶段练习）The villagers had the green hills (dot) with painted houses to form a striking landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．（24-25高一下·福建三明·阶段练习）When he woke up, he found himself (surround) by his parents and friends. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$