专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文（天津专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文 说明文 1.(23-24高二下.天津重点校联考.期中) It’s not uncommon in America for a person to belong to some kind of volunteer group. Donating one’s time and services is very much a part of the American way of life. Most charitable activities are organized by churches and groups around the nation and even encouraged by the government. The helping hand is extended to the poor, the homeless and the disabled. Some people work to teach youngsters how to read. Others open up soup kitchens to feed the homeless. Volunteers also take care of the disabled by making reading tapes for the blind and working in orphanages (孤儿院) to help children without parents. High school students are often encouraged to become volunteers and many school club activities center around volunteer services. Students may work with disabled children during a summer program, or participate in a club activity which helps to bring meal to senior citizens who are shut-ins. With their sense of idealism students are often eager to donate their spare time. They see such activities as a way of becoming involved in the community and the adult-world. Social action for them becomes as important as their academic studies. In a like manner, throughout the year, fund raising drives are also conducted by schools and community groups to raise money for a worthy cause. They may respond to a recent earthquake in a foreign country, a flood somewhere within their own, or another natural disaster which has left people destitute and homeless. They may organize drives to collect food, clothing and medicines to serve an immediate need. Today even the Halloween custom of ‘trick or treat’ has become an occasion to collect money for a charitable cause. The motive to help those less fortunate comes from the poor origins of the American nation. Those immigrants who were poor and downtrodden (受压迫的) became dependent on the kindness of their neighbors to make a new life for themselves. American volunteers work throughout the world in less developed countries. They volunteer by serving as a champion of goodwill both at home and abroad, which no doubt enriches both his life and those whom he serves. 61. Which of the following charitable activities is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Some people open up soup kitchens to feed homeless people. B. Some students bring meals to old people who can’t go out easily. C. Some people collect money to help a foreign country with a recent earthquake. D. Some students donate books to children in mountainous areas. 62. Why are American high school students eager to do voluntary work? A. Because they want to participate in some social activities. B. Because they want to go to better universities. C. Because they can get higher scores at school. D. Because they can realize their dream sooner. 63. The underlined word “destitute” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______________. A. lifeless B. penniless C. useless D. valueless 64. American charitable activities started because ______________. A. Americans are always ready to share with others B. Americans are mostly kind C. poor immigrants needed help to make a new life D. poor Americans couldn’t live on without help 65. What’s the best title of the passage? A. The Call from the Poor B. Voluntary Work in the US C. Ways to Help the Poor D. American Volunteers around the World 2.(23-24高二下.天津北辰区.期中) Heimaey is a small island off the southern coast of Iceland of just 4,200 people. But with its neighboring islands, it hosts the world’s largest puffin colony (海鹦群). Each spring, more than 1.5 million puffins go to the islands to breed. Around August, puffin chicks make their way to the ocean. That’s when the trouble begins. Instinct (直觉) tells puffin chicks to leave the nest at night and follow the light of the moon to the sea. But they are puzzled by Heimaey’s bright lights. Each year, a large number of them end up lost — or worse. Often, lost birds are hit by cars or eaten by cats. Each breeding season, the children of Heimaey start their own middle-of-the-night adventure, which is called the Puffling Patrol. They get together to form search parties and take to the streets of Heimaey. “When you see a bird, you try to corner it and guide it into the box,” Eldur Hansen, a 14-year-old boy said. He has caught several puffins this way. Then kids take birds home. The next morning, they take them to the beach for release (放走). Over the years, kids have even developed a gentle method. “You do not throw them like a baseball,” Eldur says. “You hold them in both hands. Then you spread your arms out in front of you and let go, so the bird is given as much energy as possible.” Before releasing puffin chicks they make a stop at the local animal center, where the birds are weighed and tagged (附上标签), for tracking purposes. This helps scientists learn more about puffins. Erpur Hansen, Eldur’s dad, is with the South East Iceland Nature Research Center. “Thanks to data collected with kids' help, we scientists have learned that puffin chicks now weigh less than in previous years. That means they have a lower chance of survival,” he says. Scientists worry puffins will die out completely. But the kids of Heimaey give energy to Erpur Hansen. “The message is that people can make a difference,” he says. “Each time these kids help a bird get back to the ocean, they show us that.” 46. What troubles puffin chicks according to the passage? A Their nests being destroyed. B. Following the light of the moon. C. Their parents being killed by humans. D. Being unable to find their way to the ocean. 47. Which of the following can be used to describe kids from the Puffling Patrol? A. Strict and shy. B. Careful and skillful. C. Sensitive and creative. D. Intelligent and talkative. 48. Why do kids tag the puffin chicks before releasing them? A. To identify them. B. To track them. C. To memorize them. D. To protect them. 49. What can we infer from Erpur Hansen’s words? A. The Puffling Patrol is of great help. B. Scientists need little help from children. C. Puffins do not need protection anymore. D. Puffins are becoming stronger than before. 50. What can we learn from the children’s behaviour? A. Never stop trying. B. One is never too old to learn. C. An act of kindness can mean a lot. D. Everyone should realize their self-worth. 3.(23-24高二下.天津滨海新区塘沽一中.期中) Every spring, as the weather warms, trees up and down the East Coast explode in a display of bright green life as leaves fill their branches, and every fall, the same leaves provide one of nature’s great color displays of vivid yellow, orange and red. Thanks to climate change, the timing of these events has shifted over the last two decades, Harvard scientists say. Andrew Richardson, an associate professor of organismic and evolutionary biology, and research associate Trevor Keenan worked with colleagues from seven different institutions on a study which found that forests throughout the eastern United States are showing signs of spring growth dramatically earlier, and that the growing season in some areas extends further into the fall. Richardson said, “Climate change isn’t just about warmer temperatures. It’s also about changes in precipitation (降水) patterns... so in the future, an earlier spring might not help forests take up more carbon dioxide if they end up running out of water in mid-summer.” The research combined information from three sources. Using satellite data, Keenan tracked when forests across the region began to turn green in the spring, and when leaves began to turn yellow in the fall. Ground observations made every three to seven days at the Harvard Forest in Petersham and a long-term research site in New Hampshire provided information about the state of buds, leaves and branches. When combined with records from instrument towers, the data sets allowed the researchers to paint a richly detailed picture that shows spring starting earlier, and the growing season lasting longer than at any point in the past two decades. Another important result, Richardson said, was the discovery of a significant source of error in existing computer models on how forest ecosystems work. “This shows an opportunity to improve the models and how they simulate how forests will work under future climate scenarios forecast.” he said. The real power of the findings, however, may be in helping to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public, the researchers said. 46. What is the reason of the earlier spring according to the Harvard scientists? A. The human activities. B. The climate change. C. The tree growth. D. The reduction in water. 47. What can we infer from Richardson’s words in the fourth paragraph? A. An earlier spring can only bring benefits. B. The influence of climate change is complex. C. The water in mid-summer will increase. D. The role of forests becomes less important. 48. What is closest in meaning to the underlined word simulate in the seventh paragraph? A. Change B. Explain C. Imitate D. Create 49. What is the real power of the findings of the research? A. It helps scientists to figure out how forest ecosystems work. B. It reflects how the growing season is extending faster. C. It provides an opportunity to improve the computer models. D. It helps to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public. 50. What is the purpose of this text? A. To tell us people should be more aware of the climate change. B. To tell us the climate change has some effects on the world. C. To tell us the early spring in eastern USA is a good time to travel. D. To tell us high technology is useful to detect the climate change. 4.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest: University of Missouri When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym. High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead. Set on Hall University If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate. New York University If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends. 26. What can we learn from Paragraph1? A. It is hard to be admitted to a university. B. A university’s fame is the top consideration. C. The competition to attract applicants is fierce. D. Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants. 27. What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri? A. Its equipment is out of date. B. It is the best one in the world. C. It has a real beach there. D. It can arouse students’ interest in workout. 28. Which university offers extra benefit of food? A. University of Missouri. B. High Point University. C. Seton Hall University. D. New York University. 29. What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University? A. Free tuition. B. Free accommodation. C. Free computers D. High graduation rate. 30. Which of the following is true of New York University? A. It is located in the center of the city. B. It houses the best museums in the world. C. All the museums are open to its students for free. D. Museums are usually closed on the weekends. 5.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) Community Development Projects Overseas The aim of Community Development projects abroad in Temple Conservation, DIY and more is to improve poorer local communities. You can do them as part of your work experience, gap year or career break. Or just as a volunteering holiday. South Africa Time: 1st, March-31st, May 2022 Registration fee: $65 Maintenance/Handyman/DIY skills, this project would love to have you! The project is truly unique... you will assist an Animal Rehabilitation Center that desperately needs any help it can get and you will be benefiting the animals at the same time! And, of course, the location is very unusual. Sri Lanka: Time: 1st, May-31st, July 2022 Registration fee: Free Buddhist Temple Repair and Construction Project in Kand. Rebuild and repair Buddhist temple in and around Kandy. This unique and fascinating project offers an opportunity to learn about Sri Lanka n construction using traditional manual methods, without using modern machines. Work includes construction, repairing temples, cleaning in and around temples, interacting with children and villagers and helping the temples arrange Community Centers for the village youths. You will also assist with the repair of paintings and sculptures inside the temples. Zimbabwe: Time: 1st, October-31st, December, 2022 Registration fee: $120 Community Healthcare and Medical Project in Gweru gain basic medical experience in local clinics and play a role in HIV/AIDS education and awareness. You will be able to get involved in not only this clinic but others in the nearby areas. as well. You do not need to be qualified in any particular area. You will work with children from the ages of 3 to 6 years. It is a very worthwhile, enjoyable placement. 36. What can we know about Community Development project? A. They can improve poorer local communities. B. They bring you a chance to travel abroad. C. They can make you understand foreign countries well. D. They can make you more experienced in your future work. 37. Which of the following is needed in South Africa? A. People with rich travelling experience. B. People who are experienced in painting. C. People with experience in treating AIDS. D. People with experience of caring for animals. 38. How will the temple repair be done in Sri Lanka? A. It will be directed by experienced expert. B. The repair work can only be done by hand. C. All work will be done through modern machines. D. The construction workers do not have to be experienced. 39. What is the project of Zimbabwe aimed at? A. Health and medicine. B. Food and environments. C. Animals and resources. D. The community and education. 40. What is the similarity of these three projects? A. They all require some fees. B. They all require particular experience. C. They all need the same length of working time. D. They all need you to be good at foreign languages. 6.(23-24高二下.天津河北区.期中) In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (招聘) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try,” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor (教员) at the Air Force Aviation University (中国人民解放军空军航空大学). In 2015, Wei was admitted into the Air Eorce Aviation University and became an Air Force pilot student. According to Wei, pilots need to not only study aviation theory but also practise difficult aerobatics (飞行特技) like rolls and loops (筋斗). These moves require strong resistance to g-forces. “To do a loop, a pilot has to bear about 3g of, load, which feels like three times their bodyweight pressing down on them,” said Wei. To build this resistance, they often do strength training like weighted squats (负重深蹲). They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder (旋梯) to overcome dizziness (头晕). Despite all the training, becoming a top PLA Air Force pilot remains a tough job. “During flight pilots must carefully decide how to land, especially at night, and maintain position during formation flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice. In the world of aviation, a balanced mindset and quick thinking are very important. One of Wei’s most unforgettable experiences was dealing with illusions (错觉) during a formation flight up above the clouds. All he could see in front of him was the lead aircraft and clouds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments showed that my flight was level (水平的),” said Wei. “In such situations, trusting instruments is key to making sound decisions.” But what always remains constant is the great sense of freedom and pride that Wei feels a she flies his aircraft in the sky and looks down at Earth from above. Now as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel (倾注) his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots so as to contribute to the PLA Air Force’s combat readiness.” 36. Why did Wei Fangjie decide to become a PLA Air Force pilot? A. Because of his deep interest in aviation technology. B. Because of the advice from a high school career advisor. C. Because he met a flight instructor at school and talked with him. D. Because he saw a poster featuring the pilots and admired their bravery. 37. How do pilots develop resistance to g-forces? A. By flying with a spinning ladder. B. By practising aerobatics. C. By doing strength-building exercises. D. By getting rid of dizziness. 38. According to Wei, what is the key to mastering flying skills? A. Frequent training. B. Quick thinking. C. A balanced mindset. D. Overcoming illusions. 39. What did Wei learn from his experience with illusions? A. Always listening to his inner voice. B. Keeping clear-headed while flying. C. Trusting instruments when feeling uncertain. D. Relying on his teammates in challenging situations. 40. What is Wei’s current goal as a flight instructor? A. Flying his aircraft with a sense of freedom. B. Training a new generation of skilled pilots. C. Encouraging more young people to become pilots. D. Contributing to the development of aviation theory. 7. (23-24高二下.天津河北区.期中) Earth Day is on April 22nd. People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean. But saving the Earth is not just for grow-ups. Kids are also taking an active part in it. The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet. It lists a lot of stories about different kids who help to keep our environment clean. Team Marine, USA group of students at Santa Monica High School started an organization called Team Marine. They tell people why plastic bags are bad for sea animals and environment. In 2011, they successfully made lawmakers (立法者) in their city stop people using plastic bags. Felix, 15, Germany In 2007, a 9-year-old boy, Felix, started a club，Plant for the Planet. It encourages children around the world to plant trees in their own countries. Felix helped plant 25 million trees in Germany and 120 million trees worldwide. Alec, 17, US When he was 12, Alec set up Kids VS Global (全球的) Warming. It teaches kids about weather change and ways to stop the world getting warmer and warmer. Alec travels widely to encourage people to help stop global warming. He has given more than 70 talks across the country. Olivia, 13, US When Olivia was 11, she heard about the 2010 oil spill (漏油) in the Gulf of Mexico. She painted 500 pictures of birds to raise money for the clean-up. She raised more than $200,000 to protect (保护) birds and other wild animals. 31. What is the purpose of setting up the “Earth Day” and who can do something for the Earth? A. To keep the earth peaceful and beautiful by adults and kids B. To keep the earth balanced by adults only C. To keep the earth safe and clean by adults and kids D. To keep the earth safe and clean by kids only 32. Young Voices for the Planet made by Lynne is ________. A. a book B. a TV play C. a film D. a club 33. According to the passage, we know ________ doesn’t agree to use plastic bags. A. Team Marine B. Felix C. Alec D. Olivia 34. Alec travels widely to encourage people to ________. A. raise money B. plant trees C. protect wild animals D. help stop global warming 35. The passage is mainly about how ________. A. kids are saving the Earth B. parents are planting trees C. students are raising money D. grow-ups are using plastics bags 8. (23-24高二下.天津南开中学.期中) No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, grind the wheat for his flour, or cut his trees into boards. He also did not make the plows (犁), the work boots, or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention. A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this primitive form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. 49. What probably led to the start of advertisement? A. The discovery of iron. B. The appearance of new jobs. C. The specialization of labor. D. The development of farming techniques. 50. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to ___________. A. predict the future of advertising B. explain the origin of advertising C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising 51. In ancient Egypt a crier was probably someone who ___________. A. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. owned a ship 52. The last two paragraphs are mainly about ___________. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising C. the basic design of advertising D. the early forms of advertising 9.(23-24高二下.天津大学附属中学.期中) Animals might not be able to speak or master advanced language techniques, but they certainly have other ways of communicating. Whale song, wolf howls, frog cries — even the fast dance of the honeybee or the friendly waves of a dog’s tail — are among so many ways animals pass on information to each other and to other living things of the animal kingdom. When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects. For example, one study shows that blue whales produce different types of sounds depending on where they are from. Some bird species are the same way. And what about those birds that live on the border between territories (领地) of different songbirds? They are often able to communicate in a way accepted by each of their groups of neighbors. Communication between different species can play important roles as well. One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too. However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe, many animals are now under fire. Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin. Studies have found that songbirds, too, suffer from noisy city surroundings. Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy. 46. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2? A. Various dialects can also happen to the same animals. B. Animals communicate with each other in different ways. C. Different animals have different ways of communicating. D. Animals from different places may make the same sound. 47. What can we learn about iguanas? A. They communicate by singing. B. They are born with poor hearing. C. They often bring bad luck to humans. D. They get along well with flycatchers. 48. By saying “many animals are now under fire”, the author means ________. A. they refuse to communicate with others B. they cannot communicate effectively C. they are now in danger of dying out D. they don’t make a sound any more 49. Due to noise pollution, songbirds ________. A. find it hard to attract the opposite sex B. produce more songs that sound sad C. begin to communicate by dancing D can not find food easily any more 50. The author develops the passage mainly ________. A. by raising questions B. by following time order C. by providing examples D. by analyzing the data 10.(22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Courses & Curriculum of the College of Arts & Sciences in Cornell The diversity of the courses you can take in the College of Arts & Sciences is extraordinary: Academic Distribution Requirements The College’s academic distribution requirements will include: effective writing; foreign language beyond the introductory level; imaginative and critical thinking. To choose your courses for a semester, use the Class Roster. It shows the schedule of all classes offered in a particular term, along with class enrollment information and course details. The Class Roster is updated frequently. To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study. It represents Cornell’s full catalog of courses and is published annually. It provides information on Cornell degree programs, requirements, policies and procedures. If you need help, call 607-255-5004 for an appointment with an advising dean. Or contact a career counselor in the Arts & Sciences Career Development Center at 607-255-4166 to talk about your interests and how they can translate into a major and a future career. A New Curriculum On October 30, 2018, the College of Arts & Sciences faculty（教员）approved a new undergraduate curriculum to be carried out over the next two to three years. The new curriculum focuses on the theme of exploration and reaffirms the college’s commitment to a liberal arts and sciences education. Students who have questions about the new curriculum can view the approved proposal on the Course Designer app of Cornell. Innovative Learning If you’re one of the 3,000 students across the university taking biology or physics at the College, you may be part of an innovative（创新的）classroom project that uses active learning, a new model that is proving to be the quickest path to expert-level mastery. Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states or spend a semester with Cornell in Washington D C. You could study abroad in one of more than 85 countries or develop your own research project through independent study. Give yourself the freedom to explore. 36. If you want to plan your courses over the long run, you can use the ______. A. Class Roster B. Courses of Study C. Course Designer D. Career Center 37. For students involved in an innovative classroom project, they ______. A. may study a new model B. are on the quickest way to be experts C. will get more freedom during research project D. have advantages of studying outside the classroom 38. The article is probably taken from ______. A. a college website B. a science report C. a travel magazine D. an academic journal 11. (22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) A couple carved out a life on a small rock island, among the seabirds. The Bass Rock is a small volcanic island just off the east coast of Scotland. Remarkable in the Scottish imagination for its landform and location in the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh, the island has had a thin and intermittent(断断续续)human population across the centuries. Its most notable and sustained inhabitants are the northern gannets that have lived on the island throughout recorded history. With a population of roughly 150,000 birds, their home is the largest in the world. The English naturalist June Nelson is one of the few people who have lived on the Bass Rock. For three years in the early 1960s. she and her late husband, the ornithologist Bryan Nelson. who was researching gannets at the University of Oxford, made the island their temporary home. Living and working out of a small church, they devoted themselves to observing and recording the behaviors and ecology of the birds. The then-newly-married had little contact with the outside world, but led a happy life together. In the short documentary Life on the Rocks, Nelson revisits her full and focused years on the Bass Rock. Combining cinematic black-and-white shots of the island with music. the UK director George Pretty creates a vivid account of Nelson’s unforgettable time there, as well as her emotional return. Mining Nelson’s memories and old photographs, the film explores how the husband-and-wife team found happiness on this unique patch of Earth, and among its many birds. But, more than just a fondness for the past, Nelson communicates an urgency to protect the plummeting(暴跌)global sea-bird population, which has declined by 70% in her lifetime, asking “What right have we to deprive(剥夺)future generations of this wonderful place?” 39. What do we know about the Bass Rock from Paragraph 1? A. It is owned by a couple. B. It is heavily populated. C. It is gannets’ largest habitat. D. It is famous for its scenery. 40. Why did June Nelson live on the island? A. To research birds. B. To make their home. C To live a happy life. D. To stay away from the outside. 41. What does Life on the Rocks intend to tell us? A. Nelson’s research about the birds. B. The couple’s fondness for the past. C. Nelson’s description of the island. D. Nelson’s concerns about the birds’ situation. 42. Which best describes the couple’s life on the island? A. Tough but worthwhile. B. Dangerous but admirable. C. Smooth and fruitful. D. Inspiring and lucky. 12. (22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Given the buzz it’s created, there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT. It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning. The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet, reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate. All you have to do is give it a prompt (提示), and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things: write a story in a particular style, answer a question, explain a concept, compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent, seemingly human—written text in seconds. The technology is both awesome and terrifying. 22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT. Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall. As part of his studies this fall semester, Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab. Then, as the semester was coming to a close, OpenAI, the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools, released ChatGPT to the public for free. For the millions of people around the world who have used it since, interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future; a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction. For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse (公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? Tian had an idea. What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine? Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program. Ironically, this software, called GitHub Co-Pilot, is powered by GPT-3. With its assistance, Tian was able to create a new app within three days. It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive. On January 2nd, Tian released his app GPTZero. It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text. When Tian went to bed that night, he didn’t expect much for his app. When he woke up, his phone had blown up. He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists, principals, teachers, you name it, from places as far away as France and Switzerland. His app, which is hosted by a free platform, became so popular it crashed. Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app, the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience. 43. Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3? A. It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University B. Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free. C. It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero. D. It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now. 44. Wonderment at ChatGPT quickly turned to alarm because many users have the following concerns over ChatGPT EXCEPT _______. A. AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays. B. Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting. C. The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology. D. Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology. 45. Principals and teachers may get interested in Edward Tian’s new app probably because _______. A. the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular. B. they know many journalists are also very interested in it. C. they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted. D. they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing. 46. Which of the following expressions can best describe the principle behind GPTZero? A. Harm set, harm get. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. Fight a man with his own weapon. D. Great minds think alike. 13. (22-23高二下.天津河西区.期中) Whether a student is moving to a new college or attending for the first time, there is a certain period of adjustment that's required. Students that have never previously attended college must adjust to life as college freshmen（大学一年级新生）. With college, there comes a new level of responsibility in terms of education. Students are confronted（面临）with classes that are often more challenging. During their freshman year, students may feel at a loss or stressed about these changes to their new life. Fortunately, there are ways for students to adjust successfully to college life. Get Involved Getting involved in college activities can help freshmen adjust to college life. Activities can help students feel as if they are a part of their environment, and help them to relieve（缓解）some of the everyday stress associated with classes and studying. Students may consider getting involved in clubs, sports, student organizations, or other activities that take place outside of the classroom. This will also allow them to meet and interact with new people on campus. Stay Positive Freshmen have a lot to adjust to and at times it can feel like too much to handle. When a student feels at a loss by meeting new people, adjusting to new professors, studying, and college life in general, he or she may start to feel negative about the whole experience. When this happens, it is crucial that students stay positive with both their behavior and thoughts. Associating with people who have a positive outlook on their college experience and avoiding those who do not are great ways to feel better. Thinking of long-term goals will also help students feel more positive about college and education in general. Go to Class Attending classes is one of the most important student responsibilities. With the new found freedom that college brings, some freshmen may want to skip classes for other activities. At certain colleges, attendance is critical, particularly for classes that are in high demand. Failure to attend may cause a student to be dropped from the class. In classes where attendance is not taken, students may miss critical information necessary for their studies and may fail the class. Unless a student is ill, he or she should make every effort to attend all of their classes in a timely manner. Communicate Productively New college students may feel uncomfortable when it comes to communicating their needs. This difficulty could arise when it comes to speaking with professors or with fellow students, such as roommates. No matter where the problem falls, it is necessary for freshman to develop the confidence and the skills to communicate effectively. Speaking with confidence and respect will help students to get the information that they need and help them to avoid confusion or complications with other students. 31. Freshmen can reduce daily stress by________. A. meeting new people on campus every day B. participating in college activities C. pretending to be a part of their environment D. starting clubs or student organizations 32. According to Paragraph 3, what factors may make freshmen feel depressed? A. Not knowing how to control their behavior and thoughts. B. Meeting too many people with positive outlook. C. Not knowing how to face the new life in college. D. Thinking of long-term goals. 33. As is described in Paragraph 4, what happens if a student skip class? A. He or she can take part in other activities instead. B. He or she may fail in the exam. C. He or she is considered free to do so. D. He or she may give up the class. 34. In communicating their needs, freshmen should________. A. speak to those who respect them B. gain confidence from the other person C. learn to be polite and confident D. ask all the people around to make sure 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To point out the importance of college life. B. To encourage freshmen to enjoy their first college year. C. To help freshmen to adapt to college life smoothly. D. To introduce the challenges that freshmen will face. 14. (22-23高二下.天津第四十七中学.期中) Remote controls are one of the most common symbols of our modern technologies. In fact, remote controls are an invention born in the 1800s. Famous inventor Nikola Tesla created one of the world’s first wireless remote controls, which he exhibited in public at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1898. Tesla called his system a “teleautomaton” which could be used to control a mechanical device. For his demonstration, Tesla employed a minitype boat, which had a metal air wire that could receive exactly one radio frequency. He showed how his remote-controlled boat worked and whole process attracted many people. However, financially, Tesla’s remote-controlled boat was a failure. His intended client, the U.S. Navy, thought the technology was too easily damaged during use. But the concept of remote control caught on and quickly spread to many other types of equipment. In the 1930s and 1940s, a new consumer electronics, such as garage door openers and model airplanes, arrived with remote controls. In the mid-1950s, Zenith engineer Eugene Polley designed his Flashmatic TV remote control, which used directional flashes of light to control the television. In 1956, Polley’s colleague, Robert Adler, created the Space Command control, which employed high-frequency, ultrasonic (超声的) sounds instead of light. This style of remote control increased the price of a new TV by a third, but that didn’t stop people from buying in mass quantities. Remote controls kept evolving, too. Ultrasonic sound remote controls were the standard for TVs until the 1980s, when remote controls began using the infrared (红外线) light signals that are very common today. These days, you can find remote control capability built into a huge array of products such as toy cars and helicopters, video game consoles (控制台), ceiling fans, etc. There’s a good chance you can find a version that’s controlled by remote control. You can even buy a remote-controlled toilet. Remote controls have allowed humans to perform many tasks that would be difficult, if not impossible. And although remote controls have a long history, they are anything but over. As we continue to introduce technology to every aspect of our lives, it’s very likely that we’ll need remote controls to keep things under control. 46. What made the U.S. Navy think poorly of Tesla’s remote-controlled boat? A. Its high cost. B. Its unsatisfactory quality. C. Its damage to people’s health. D. Its inaccuracy in sending signals. 47. What did Robert Alder use in his remote control? A. Directional flashes of light. B. Infrared light signals. C. Various metal air wires. D. High-frequency, ultrasonic sounds. 48. Why did the author mention those products in Paragraph 4? A. To advertise some modern inventions. B. To prove the rapid evolution of kids’ toy. C. To show the wide application of remote controls. D. To show the principle of some high-tech products. 49. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Human are too dependent on technology. B. Remote controls are necessary in our life C. Humans are trying to keep everything under control. D. Remote controls will probably fade away in the future. 50. What does the author mainly tell us in this text? A. The history of remote controls. B. The developments of our modern technologies. C. The achievements of some great inventors. D. The popularity of remote controls in our daily life. 议论文 1.(22-23高二下.天津河西区.期中) Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item. Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from onepoint of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old. It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created. 41. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________. A. live an advanced life B. look for better technical methods C. change ways of living at the moment D. accept technology and advance steadily 42. The author explains “ efficiency comes with a price ” by ________. A. describing a process B. using examples C. following time order D. making classification 43. Compared with home- made handicrafts, machine made products ________. A. lack great accuracy B. lack the personal touch C. are of high value D. are quite welcome 44. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4? A. It can destroy new traditions. B. It can lead to social progress. C. It can be used to correct mistakes if necessary. D. It can be used to preserve old products. 45. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life. B. People review the past with great regret. C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. D. People’s attitude decides the use of technology. 说明文 1.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) Have you ever wondered why people often catch themselves singing while having a shower or making dinner? Or why karaoke has been popular since it appeared in the 1980s? We still have to understand a lot about the effects of music on our brain, but many studies already show it is good for our mind and our body alike. The first reason you feel like singing along when o you listen to a song is that it makes you feel less lonely. Whether you are cycling home; doing your homework or cheering at your favourite pop star’s concert, singing is communication. It is like sharing a moment with the singer or the people around you. This is why babies often stop crying when they hear music and all children enjoy singing. All types of singing can make you feel better, but group singing has the best effects on people’s lives. Singing in a group in front of a crowd builds confidence, which explains why joining a choir can decrease anxiety in depressed patients. When you sing, it’s nearly impossible to think about other things. Since you must focus on what you are doing, singing stops you being worried about stressful situations. Singing can also improve speech development. Children learn to speak faster if they regularly sing from an early age and they are often better at communicating through language. When you sing, you need to remember words and tunes, so this activity is also an excellent way to learn a foreign language and make your pronunciation sound more natural. You can also improve your physical health when you sing. Since you need to breathe properly, when you sing, you breathe out more carbon dioxide and take in more oxygen, which makes your body fitter and stronger against illnesses. So if you decide to take up a new hobby, singing could be the best way for you to have fun, make new friends and improve your health at the same time. 41. The first paragraph mainly says that________. A. people prefer singing when they have a meal B. singing can help us understand the brain better C. we can improve our health when we sing D. karaoke isn’t as popular as in the 1980s 42. What happens when you sing along to a song? A. It’s like being at the concert of your favourite singer. B. It makes you feel connected to others. C. You can learn a foreign language. D. You may feel like a pop star. 43. What does the writer say about joining a choir? A. It bothers you when you perform in a crowded building. B. It makes you feel depressed in front of the audience. C. It helps you solve everyday problems. D. It enables you to feel more relaxed 44. Singing can help children________. A. increase their communication skills B. take in more carbon dioxide C. meet famous pop stars D. spell words properly 45. What is the main idea of the passage? A. It describes when people sing. B. It introduces the types of singing. C. It talks about the benefits of singing. D. It explains why children should join a choir. 2.(23-24高二下.天津南开中学.期中) Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth. They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas. Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones — natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg, president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy. And then he added a caveat: We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the problems or eliminates all the trade-offs. Cynics (悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities. Wenick and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center, which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, iron ore, cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked. Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said. Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov.6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint. The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University. “It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.” 53. What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the first paragraph? A. The balance between human development and natural ecology. B. The profitability of import and export trade. C. The consumption of natural resources by industrial development. D. The difficult plight of economies growth. 54. Which of the following is true of the views of the new environmentalists? A. They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation. B. They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future. C. They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe. D. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth. 55. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage? A. Natural resources cannot support economic development. B. More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time. C. Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment. D. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. Urbanization and re-wildness. B. Human existence and industrial development. C. Socioeconomic development and resource consumption. D. Commodity trading and raw material development. 3.(22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type of president. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one's strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration. Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored "go-to" topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unknowingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, We fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others. It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 47. Why teenagers' strengths are often mistaken for narcissism? A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public. B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism. C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness. D. Numbers of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. 48. The author mentions Gandhi and Teresa in paragraph 6 to show that________. A. they are both victims of binary thinking B. one can be both modest and sure of himself C. confidence is quite important for celebrities D. public figures unknowingly fall prey to narcissism 49. What's the author's attitude towards young kids' strength-based approaches? A. Skeptical. B Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 50. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Teens' Strength Psychology B. Teens' Narcissism Diagnosis C. Teen's Anxiety and Depression D. Teens' Confidence Misunderstood 4.(22-23高二下.天津第四十七中学.期中) Imagine two applicants are in a job interview: one expresses a great passion for the work, while the other points to family encouragement to pursue that field. Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion. Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot. That means universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates are pretermitting talented students and employees. It seems that passion is a much stronger predictor of achievement in certain societies than others. “This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,” said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others. This research is novel for its using big data to compare a wider range of culturally diverse societies. The researchers collected the data including scores from 1.2 million high school students across 59 countries. They found those who felt passionate about science, reading, or other subjects were more likely to be given better scores. This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important. Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation. For example, in the United States, doing well because of what others expect might seem to be evidence of a lack of potential. In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities. For instance, in the movie The Grandmaster, the legendary martial arts teacher Ip Man never said that he had a personal passion for kung fu. Rather, his drive to attain mastery came from the desire to live up to what his belt symbolized to his teacher and society. The findings open up the possibility of designing educational interventions that don’t rely only on the western idea of cultivating (培育) passion. That helps better unlock the potential of our students and workforce. 51. Who is more likely to succeed in a job interview according to most employers? A. Those who have a web of relations. B. Those who are familiar with the company. C. Those who gain much family encouragement. D. Those who have great enthusiasm for the position. 52. What does the underlined word “pretermitting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Neglecting. B. Harvesting. C. Exploring. D. Defending. 53. What might be Xingyu Li’s team’s purpose of conducting the research? A. To clarify the link between students’ passion and academic performance. B. To encourage people to learn the cultures of different countries. C. To win people from different cultural contexts more chances of admission D To show the importance of big data in culture-related studies at particular. 54. Who tends to regard family responsibility as a source of motivation? A. An American. B. A Colombian. C. An Australian. D. A Canadian. 55. What does the author intend to illustrate in Paragraph 5? A. The model of motivation varies from culture to culture. B. The negative effects of societal expectations on individuals. C. The role of self-realization matters in a person’s success and well-being. D. The typical personality types in individualist countries and collectivist ones. 议论文 1.(23-24高二下.天津重点校联考.期中) Last Friday, a special event took place at the National Theater of Korea. A robot called EveR 6 led an orchestra in a performance of Korean music. Robots have led orchestras in other countries, but this was the first time in Korea. EveR 6 is a robot built by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH). EveR 6 has joints in its neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. EveR 6’s movements are based on movements “captured” from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” says Mr. Choi. But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats.” He said this created a situation where “the performers have to communicate with each other to follow the right beats.” Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 66. What can we learn about EveR 6? A. It is trained by human conductors. B. It can wave its arms smoothly. C. It has performed in Korea many times. D. It is more advanced than other AI programs. 67. Who conducted the final piece of the concert? A. EveR 6. B. Mr. Choi. C. EveR 6 and Mr. Choi. D. Nobody 68. What is the biggest limitation of EveR 6? A. It cannot hear and respond to the orchestra. B. It has difficulty capturing humans’ movements. C. It cannot beat time with its fingers. D. It doesn’t have human-like facial expressions. 69. Which can best describe EveR 6 being used in daily practice? A. Unworkable. B. Hard-to-use C. Time-saving. D. Useful. 70. What is the main idea of the text? A. EveR 6 brings conducting a bright future. B. Korean robot conducts orchestra. C. The war between robots and musicians is on. D. AI robots create music and perform it on stage. 2.(23-24高二下.天津滨海新区塘沽一中.期中) We are in the midst of a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public perception that our focus is under attack. Indeed, in our new research, we found some clear concerns. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2,093 UK adults in 2021. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn't. And three quarters of participants agreed we're living through a time when there's non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道). There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls”. There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds. The reality is that we simply don’t have long-term studies that tell us whether our attention spans have actually shrunk. What we do know from our study is that people overestimate some of the problems. There’s no such thing as an average attention span. Our ability to focus varies hugely depending on the individual and the task at hand. It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience. 51. What might be the theme of the books mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. The main focus of social media. B. The great influence of public opinion. C. The attention crisis in the digital age. D. The fierce competition in the digital age. 52. What can we know about some of the participants in the new research? A. They were frequently disturbed by digital devices. B. They felt it hard to acquire useful information online. C. They had shorter attention spans than average people. D. They felt challenged by fierce competition from others. 53. Why does the author mention Socrates in Paragraph 3? A. To stress new cultural forms have limitations. B. To show worry about attention is an age-old problem. C. To prove the important role be played in literary history. D. To explain cultural differences between the past and the present. 54. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People tend to overestimate their abilities. B. Digital distractions might have potential benefits. C. Technology’s benefits have been largely ignored. D. Switching between different tasks frequently is difficult. 55. What message does the author want to convey? A. Digital devices can benefit our work. B. We should say “No” to digital devices. C. We should think highly of new cultural forms. D. Digital distractions really affect us so much. 3.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) The Tianjin Binhai Public Library was described by The Daily Mail as “the world’s ultimate library” in 2017, and “breathtaking” was the word chosen for it. One book at the library and you’ll see why. With its futuristic design and walls loaded with books, it’s the dream library of every book lover. But as the awe continues, there’s a burning question lying in the back of our minds: When physical bookstores are closing down one by one, what makes libraries immune from digitalization? And do we still need libraries as we’ve got the Internet in our hands? Reporter Ian Clark has the answer. “Libraries are not declining in importance - people are simply changing the way they use them,” he wrote. What Clark means is that libraries have shifted from simply being storehouses of books to a medium to help “bridge the gap between the haves and the have-nots”. According to him, Libraries Are Essential. Since not everyone can afford a smart phone, a tablet or an Internet connection, and not everyone has the know-how to search the internet efficiently, it’s public libraries that make sure that these resources and technologies are available to a larger group of people. And one of the pitfalls that come with online materials is that they’re not always trustworthy. “Google doesn’t tell you what you’re not getting, so people need to evaluate the quality and completeness of what they see on their screens, ” Sarah Pritchard, dean of libraries at Northwestern University, told Northwestern Research Magazine. And libraries are usually where that “evaluation” happens. But all of these practical functions aside, we still need the physical space that a library provides. It’s something that's called a “third place”, according to the Seattle Times. This is a place in which we can fully concentrate on our study and work without easily getting distracted. And compared to other “third places” like coffee shops, libraries have a “non-commercial nature” that allows you to relax completely. “Nobody is trying to sell you anything in the library. There is no pressure to buy and there is no judgment of your choices,” Anne Goulding, a professor at Victoria University in New Zealand, said. “There are few other spaces that you can just ‘be’ without somebody questioning your presence or your motivation.” 36. The attraction of the Tianjin Binhai Public Library lies in _______. A. world's ultimate library B. design and book walls C. every book lover's dream D. reports on The Daily Mail 37. The underlined word “pitfalls” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______. A. problems B. functions C. mistakes D. trends 38. What would Ian Clark probably agree with? A. Libraries have changed the way people read. B. Libraries are as important as they used to be. C. Libraries are better used by the poor than the rich. D. Libraries are made more available to more people. 39. What advantages do libraries have over coffee shops according to Anne Goulding? A. Libraries make people less likely to get distracted. B. Libraries give people more motivation and inspiration. C. Libraries provide people with a wider range of choices. D. Libraries allow people to read without fear of being judged. 40. Where can you probably find the above passage? A. In a news report. B. In an introductory speech. C. In a science magazine. D. In a fashion brochure. 4.(23-24高二下.天津大学附属中学.期中) If you seek happiness, then you need to know what happiness is for you. I don’t believe there is one universal definition of happiness. Happiness is a very subjective emotion, according to me. Put two people in identical situation: same amount of money, life experiences, etc. and you can be pretty sure that they both wouldn’t feel equally happy or equally sad. I believe this is so because there are two kinds of happiness. There is one kind of happiness, which is kind of universal and then there is the other kind, which is very individual to each one of us. It is this kind of happiness that I find more interesting. The second kind of happiness that I talk about comes from our expectations out of our lives, which vary from person to person. For example, a person who expects a lot out of his or her life may find that happiness is hard to find. They are constantly in search of these things in life, which always seem to elude (逃避) them. Those things may be money or fame or power or any of the other pursuits (追求) that humans have, but it would be likely that such people are less likely to be happy, if their goals are not met. In most cases, even after their goals are met, they don’t find happiness, because they seek more—new goals, new wish lists, and it’s a seemingly never-ending process for them! On the other hand, a person who takes life as it comes along and makes the best of each day is more likely to be happy every day. They have no pressure or goals to occupy their minds and they can achieve happiness from the simple pleasures of everyday life, finding love, making time for the family and kids, seeing their kids grow, etc. Of course, that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t have any expectations at all. You should keep those expectations reasonable and manageable. 51. Which of the following is the author’s opinion according to Paragraph 1? A. Happiness has one universal definition. B. Every individual has his own happiness. C. There are no people who are really happy. D. Happiness means having money and power. 52. What does the underlined part “these things” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. Daily demands. B. Life experiences. C. Ideas about happiness. D. Expectations out of life. 53. Even if their goals are met, some people still don’t feel happy because _________. A. they gave too much for their goals B. they don’t know what happiness is C. they have new goals that need achieving D. they think sadness is a never-ending process 54. What kind of person is likely to be happy in the author’s opinion? A. He who has few expectations. B. He who has no pressure or goals. C. He who has a great ambition or dream. D. He who can find fun from his daily life. 55. The author writes this passage mainly to tell readers _________. A. the definition of happiness B. the importance of happiness C. to enjoy every day to the fullest D. to give up their dreams and be practical 5.(22-23高二下.天津部分区.期中) From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow. The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome (令人惊叹的) machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice. You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem (自尊). Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible. Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence. If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing (养育) the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks (挫折). In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success. 46. People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they ______. A. are ready to change their minds B. don’t have the ability to control themselves C. can’t be successful with self-control D. are easily affected by windy weather 47. Losers would think that ______. A. their failure is accidental B. working hard will lead to success C. they are responsible for success D. they should make efforts to succeed 48 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that ______. A. our success results from our attitudes B. one can rise to the level that one expects C. we should be responsible for our thoughts and beliefs D. setting our expectations is essential before taking action 49. The last paragraph serves as ______. A. the proof of the author’s points B. an introduction to another topic C. the conclusion of the argument D. a comparison between two views 50. Which is the best title for the text? A. The secrets of success. B. How to achieve success. C. Develop our confidence. D. Success depends on you. 6.(22-23高二下.天津第三中学.期中) If you seek happiness, then you need to know what happiness is for you. I don’t believe there is one universal definition of happiness. Happiness is a very subjective emotion, according to me. Put two people in identical situation: same amount of money, life experiences, etc. and you can be pretty sure that they both wouldn’t feel equally happy or equally sad. I believe this is so because there are two kinds of happiness. There is one kind of happiness, which is kind of universal and then there is the other kind, which is very individual to each one of us. It is this kind of happiness that I find more interesting. The second kind of happiness that I talk about comes from our expectations out of our lives, which vary from person to person. For example, a person who expects a lot out of his or her life may find that happiness is hard to find. They are constantly in search of these things in life, which always seem to elude (逃避) them. Those things may be money or fame or power or any of the other pursuits (追求) that humans have, but it would be likely that such people are less likely to be happy, if their goals are not met. In most cases, even after their goals are met, they don’t find happiness, because they seek more—new goals, new wish lists, and it’s a seemingly never-ending process for them! On the other hand, a person who takes life as it comes along and makes the best of each day is more likely to be happy every day. They have no pressure or goals to occupy their minds and they can achieve happiness from the simple pleasures of everyday life, finding love, making time for the family and kids, seeing their kids grow, etc. Of course, that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t have any expectations at all. You should keep those expectations reasonable and manageable. 41. Which of the following is the author’s opinion according to Paragraph 1? A. Happiness has one universal definition. B. Every individual has his own happiness. C. There are no people who are really happy. D. Happiness means having money and power. 42. What does the underlined part “these things” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. Daily demands. B. Life experiences. C. Ideas about happiness. D. Expectations out of life. 43. Even if their goals are met, some people still don’t feel happy because _________. A. they gave too much for their goals B. they don’t know what happiness is C. they have new goals that need achieving D. they think sadness is a never-ending process 44. What kind of person is likely to be happy in the author’s opinion? A. He who has few expectations. B. He who has no pressure or goals. C. He who has a great ambition or dream. D. He who can find fun from his daily life. 45. The author writes this passage mainly to tell readers _________. A. the definition of happiness B. the importance of happiness C. to enjoy every day to the fullest D. to give up their dreams and be practical 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文 说明文 1.(23-24高二下.天津重点校联考.期中) It’s not uncommon in America for a person to belong to some kind of volunteer group. Donating one’s time and services is very much a part of the American way of life. Most charitable activities are organized by churches and groups around the nation and even encouraged by the government. The helping hand is extended to the poor, the homeless and the disabled. Some people work to teach youngsters how to read. Others open up soup kitchens to feed the homeless. Volunteers also take care of the disabled by making reading tapes for the blind and working in orphanages (孤儿院) to help children without parents. High school students are often encouraged to become volunteers and many school club activities center around volunteer services. Students may work with disabled children during a summer program, or participate in a club activity which helps to bring meal to senior citizens who are shut-ins. With their sense of idealism students are often eager to donate their spare time. They see such activities as a way of becoming involved in the community and the adult-world. Social action for them becomes as important as their academic studies. In a like manner, throughout the year, fund raising drives are also conducted by schools and community groups to raise money for a worthy cause. They may respond to a recent earthquake in a foreign country, a flood somewhere within their own, or another natural disaster which has left people destitute and homeless. They may organize drives to collect food, clothing and medicines to serve an immediate need. Today even the Halloween custom of ‘trick or treat’ has become an occasion to collect money for a charitable cause. The motive to help those less fortunate comes from the poor origins of the American nation. Those immigrants who were poor and downtrodden (受压迫的) became dependent on the kindness of their neighbors to make a new life for themselves. American volunteers work throughout the world in less developed countries. They volunteer by serving as a champion of goodwill both at home and abroad, which no doubt enriches both his life and those whom he serves. 61. Which of the following charitable activities is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Some people open up soup kitchens to feed homeless people. B. Some students bring meals to old people who can’t go out easily. C. Some people collect money to help a foreign country with a recent earthquake. D. Some students donate books to children in mountainous areas. 62. Why are American high school students eager to do voluntary work? A. Because they want to participate in some social activities. B. Because they want to go to better universities. C. Because they can get higher scores at school. D. Because they can realize their dream sooner. 63. The underlined word “destitute” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______________. A. lifeless B. penniless C. useless D. valueless 64. American charitable activities started because ______________. A. Americans are always ready to share with others B. Americans are mostly kind C. poor immigrants needed help to make a new life D. poor Americans couldn’t live on without help 65. What’s the best title of the passage? A. The Call from the Poor B. Voluntary Work in the US C. Ways to Help the Poor D. American Volunteers around the World 【答案】61. D 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了美国志愿者文化的重要性和普遍性。文章指出，在美国，参与志愿者活动是生活的一部分，这些活动不仅由教会和全国的组织来组织，还受到政府的鼓励。志愿者活动涵盖了帮助穷人、无家可归者、残疾人等多种形式，包括教育、食物供给、阅读辅助和孤儿院工作等。此外，文章还强调了高中生参与志愿者活动的积极性，以及通过募捐活动为有需要的人筹集资金的做法。最后，文章指出美国志愿者文化的起源与早期移民的贫困和受压迫有关，以及美国志愿者在全球范围内的贡献。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容，D选项 Some students donate books to children in mountainous areas.（一些学生向山区的孩子们捐赠书籍。）并没有在文中提及。文中提到的慈善活动包括：Some people open up soup kitchens to feed homeless people.（一些人开设救济食堂来喂养无家可归的人。）和Some students bring meals to old people who can’t go out easily.（一些学生为不易出门的老人送饭。）以及Some people collect money to help a foreign country with a recent earthquake.（一些人为最近遭受地震的外国筹款。）故选D项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文“High school students are often encouraged to become volunteers and many school club activities center around volunteer services. Students see such activities as a way of becoming involved in the community and the adult-world.（高中生经常被鼓励成为志愿者，许多学校俱乐部活动都围绕着志愿服务。学生视这些活动为参与社区和成人世界的一种方式。）”可知，美国高中生热衷于做志愿工作是因为他们希望参与社会活动，成为社区和成人世界的一部分。故选A项。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。文章中划线的词 destitute 在第三段中，根据上下文，它很可能意味着 penniless（无钱的，贫困的）。原文中描述了人们因自然灾害而变得贫困和无家可归：...or another natural disaster which has left people destitute and homeless.（或者另一场自然灾害使人们变得贫困和无家可归。）故选B项。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文“The motive to help those less fortunate comes from the poor origins of the American nation. Those immigrants who were poor and downtrodden became dependent on the kindness of their neighbors to make a new life for themselves.（帮助那些不幸的人的动机来自于美国民族的贫穷起源。那些贫穷和受压迫的移民变得依赖邻居的仁慈来为自己创造新生活。）”可知，美国慈善活动的起源是因为早期的贫穷移民需要帮助来开始新生活。故选C项。 【65题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，最佳标题是 Voluntary Work in the US（美国的志愿工作）。这个标题概括了文章的主旨，即美国广泛的志愿者文化和参与志愿活动的多种形式。其他选项要么范围太窄（如C和D），要么与文章内容不符（如A）。根据原文“American volunteers work throughout the world in less developed countries. They volunteer by serving as a champion of goodwill both at home and abroad...（美国志愿者在世界各地的不发达国家工作。他们通过在国内外提供善意的服务来担任亲善大使...）”，这强调了美国志愿者的全球影响力，但最佳标题应聚焦于美国国内的志愿工作。故选B项。 2.(23-24高二下.天津北辰区.期中) Heimaey is a small island off the southern coast of Iceland of just 4,200 people. But with its neighboring islands, it hosts the world’s largest puffin colony (海鹦群). Each spring, more than 1.5 million puffins go to the islands to breed. Around August, puffin chicks make their way to the ocean. That’s when the trouble begins. Instinct (直觉) tells puffin chicks to leave the nest at night and follow the light of the moon to the sea. But they are puzzled by Heimaey’s bright lights. Each year, a large number of them end up lost — or worse. Often, lost birds are hit by cars or eaten by cats. Each breeding season, the children of Heimaey start their own middle-of-the-night adventure, which is called the Puffling Patrol. They get together to form search parties and take to the streets of Heimaey. “When you see a bird, you try to corner it and guide it into the box,” Eldur Hansen, a 14-year-old boy said. He has caught several puffins this way. Then kids take birds home. The next morning, they take them to the beach for release (放走). Over the years, kids have even developed a gentle method. “You do not throw them like a baseball,” Eldur says. “You hold them in both hands. Then you spread your arms out in front of you and let go, so the bird is given as much energy as possible.” Before releasing puffin chicks they make a stop at the local animal center, where the birds are weighed and tagged (附上标签), for tracking purposes. This helps scientists learn more about puffins. Erpur Hansen, Eldur’s dad, is with the South East Iceland Nature Research Center. “Thanks to data collected with kids' help, we scientists have learned that puffin chicks now weigh less than in previous years. That means they have a lower chance of survival,” he says. Scientists worry puffins will die out completely. But the kids of Heimaey give energy to Erpur Hansen. “The message is that people can make a difference,” he says. “Each time these kids help a bird get back to the ocean, they show us that.” 46. What troubles puffin chicks according to the passage? A Their nests being destroyed. B. Following the light of the moon. C. Their parents being killed by humans. D. Being unable to find their way to the ocean. 47. Which of the following can be used to describe kids from the Puffling Patrol? A. Strict and shy. B. Careful and skillful. C. Sensitive and creative. D. Intelligent and talkative. 48. Why do kids tag the puffin chicks before releasing them? A. To identify them. B. To track them. C. To memorize them. D. To protect them. 49. What can we infer from Erpur Hansen’s words? A. The Puffling Patrol is of great help. B. Scientists need little help from children. C. Puffins do not need protection anymore. D. Puffins are becoming stronger than before. 50. What can we learn from the children’s behaviour? A. Never stop trying. B. One is never too old to learn. C. An act of kindness can mean a lot. D. Everyone should realize their self-worth. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海玛岛虽小但拥有世界最大海鹦群，每年8月海鹦雏鸟会因岛上灯光而迷失。当地孩子组成巡逻队，在夜间将迷失的雏鸟带到海滩放飞，科学家通过此举了解更多海鹦信息，孩子们的行动给了他们保护海鹦的希望。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Around August, puffin chicks make their way to the ocean. That’s when the trouble begins.”（8月左右，海鹦幼鸟会飞向海洋。那就是麻烦开始的时候。）和第二段中“But they are puzzled by Heimaey’s bright lights. Each year, a large number of them end up lost — or worse.”（但它们被Heimaey的明亮灯光搞糊涂了。每年，它们中的很多最终迷路了，或者更糟。）可知，困扰海鹦幼鸟的问题是找不到去海洋的路。故选D。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段和第四段中孩子们捕捉和放生海鹦的方式描述，例如“you try to corner it and guide it into the box（你试着把它逼到角落并引导它进入箱子）”以及“You hold them in both hands. Then you spread your arms out in front of you and let go, so the bird is given as much energy as possible.（你双手捧着它们。然后你在你面前张开双臂，放手，这样鸟儿就能得到尽可能多的能量。）”可以看出，参与Puffling Patrol的孩子们是既细心又有技巧的。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段中“Before releasing puffin chicks, they make a stop at the local animal center,where the birds are weighed and tagged (附上标签), for tracking purposes.”（在放生海鹦幼雏之前，他们会在当地的动物中心稍作停留，在那里鸟类被称重并附上标签，以便追踪。）可知，孩子们在放生海鹦幼鸟前给它们标记是为了追踪它们。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“Thanks to data collected with kids' help, we scientists have learned that puffin chicks now weigh less than in previous years. That means they have a lower chance of survival”（多亏了在孩子们的帮助下收集的数据，我们科学家已经了解到海雀幼鸟现在的体重比前几年要轻。这意味着他们的生存机会更低）以及最后一段“The message is that people can make a difference”（这个信息表明人们可以有所作为）可以推断出，Puffling Patrol对科学家的研究有很大的帮助。故选A。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Scientists worry puffins will die out completely. But the kids of Heimaey give energy to Erpur Hansen. “The message is that people can make a difference,” he says. “Each time these kids help a bird get back to the ocean, they show us that.”（科学家担心海雀会彻底灭绝。但是Heimaey的孩子们给Erpur Hansen带来了能量。他说：“这传达的信息是，人们可以有所作为。”“每次这些孩子帮助一只鸟回到海洋，他们都向我们展示了这一点。”）”可知，从孩子们救助海鹦幼鸟的行为中，我们可以学到一个善良的行为可能意义重大。故选C。 3.(23-24高二下.天津滨海新区塘沽一中.期中) Every spring, as the weather warms, trees up and down the East Coast explode in a display of bright green life as leaves fill their branches, and every fall, the same leaves provide one of nature’s great color displays of vivid yellow, orange and red. Thanks to climate change, the timing of these events has shifted over the last two decades, Harvard scientists say. Andrew Richardson, an associate professor of organismic and evolutionary biology, and research associate Trevor Keenan worked with colleagues from seven different institutions on a study which found that forests throughout the eastern United States are showing signs of spring growth dramatically earlier, and that the growing season in some areas extends further into the fall. Richardson said, “Climate change isn’t just about warmer temperatures. It’s also about changes in precipitation (降水) patterns... so in the future, an earlier spring might not help forests take up more carbon dioxide if they end up running out of water in mid-summer.” The research combined information from three sources. Using satellite data, Keenan tracked when forests across the region began to turn green in the spring, and when leaves began to turn yellow in the fall. Ground observations made every three to seven days at the Harvard Forest in Petersham and a long-term research site in New Hampshire provided information about the state of buds, leaves and branches. When combined with records from instrument towers, the data sets allowed the researchers to paint a richly detailed picture that shows spring starting earlier, and the growing season lasting longer than at any point in the past two decades. Another important result, Richardson said, was the discovery of a significant source of error in existing computer models on how forest ecosystems work. “This shows an opportunity to improve the models and how they simulate how forests will work under future climate scenarios forecast.” he said. The real power of the findings, however, may be in helping to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public, the researchers said. 46. What is the reason of the earlier spring according to the Harvard scientists? A. The human activities. B. The climate change. C. The tree growth. D. The reduction in water. 47. What can we infer from Richardson’s words in the fourth paragraph? A. An earlier spring can only bring benefits. B. The influence of climate change is complex. C. The water in mid-summer will increase. D. The role of forests becomes less important. 48. What is closest in meaning to the underlined word simulate in the seventh paragraph? A. Change B. Explain C. Imitate D. Create 49. What is the real power of the findings of the research? A. It helps scientists to figure out how forest ecosystems work. B. It reflects how the growing season is extending faster. C. It provides an opportunity to improve the computer models. D. It helps to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public. 50. What is the purpose of this text? A. To tell us people should be more aware of the climate change. B. To tell us the climate change has some effects on the world. C. To tell us the early spring in eastern USA is a good time to travel. D. To tell us high technology is useful to detect the climate change. 【答案】46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈佛大学科学家们进行了一项研究，气候变化会导致季节发生变化，并能帮助公众更清楚地了解气候变化的影响。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Thanks to climate change, the timing of these events has shifted over the last two decades, Harvard scientists say (哈佛大学的科学家表示，由于气候变化，这些事件的发生时间在过去二十年中发生了变化。)”可知，根据哈佛大学科学家的说法，早春的原因是气候变化，故选B。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Climate change isn’t just about warmer temperatures. It’s also about changes in precipitation (降水) patterns (气候变化不仅仅是气温升高，还与降水模式的变化有关)”可知，在第四段中从理查森的话中推断出气候变化的影响是复杂的，故选B。 【48题详解】 词义猜测题。文章第六段讲到“Another important result, Richardson said, was the discovery of a significant source of error in existing computer models on how forest ecosystems work. (另一个重要的结果是，在现有的计算机模型中发现了森林生态系统如何工作的一个重要错误来源)”可知，第七段中带下划线的单词所在句子This shows an opportunity to improve the models and how they simulate how forests will work under future climate scenarios forecast的意思是：这显示了一个改进模型的机会，以及它们如何模拟森林在未来气候情景预测下的工作。可知划线单词的意思最接近“模拟”，故选C。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“The real power of the findings, however, may be in helping to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public, the researchers said. (然而，研究人员表示，这些发现的真正力量可能是帮助公众更清楚地了解气候变化的影响)”可知，研究结果的真正力量是它有助于让公众更清楚地了解气候变化的影响，故选D。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了哈佛大学科学家们进行了一项研究，气候变化会导致季节发生变化，并能帮助公众更清楚地了解气候变化的影响。尤其是文章最后一段讲到“The real power of the findings, however, may be in helping to make the effects of climate change clearer to the public, the researchers said. (然而，研究人员表示，这些发现的真正力量可能是帮助公众更清楚地了解气候变化的影响)”可知，本文的目的是告诉我们，人们应该更加了解气候变化，故选A。 4.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest: University of Missouri When you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym. High Point University If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket. You can use your dining dollars instead. Set on Hall University If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program. As a freshman, you’ll receive a laptop already set up with all of the software that you’ll need as a student. Then, after two years, you’ll receive a new and updated laptop designed to carry to through until after you graduate. New York University If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them. You can take advantage of visiting free museums at any time you want — and you’ll never be bored on the weekends. 26. What can we learn from Paragraph1? A. It is hard to be admitted to a university. B. A university’s fame is the top consideration. C. The competition to attract applicants is fierce. D. Extra benefits makes no difference to applicants. 27. What can we learn about the fitness center in the University of Missouri? A. Its equipment is out of date. B. It is the best one in the world. C. It has a real beach there. D. It can arouse students’ interest in workout. 28. Which university offers extra benefit of food? A. University of Missouri. B. High Point University. C. Seton Hall University. D. New York University. 29. What can be guaranteed for students choosing Seton Hall University? A. Free tuition. B. Free accommodation. C. Free computers D. High graduation rate. 30. Which of the following is true of New York University? A. It is located in the center of the city. B. It houses the best museums in the world. C. All the museums are open to its students for free. D. Museums are usually closed on the weekends. 【答案】26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四所不同大学为吸引学生而提供的特色福利，以帮助读者做出更好的选择。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you’re choosing a college, a lot of factors probably may be considered: the school’s reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students.(当你选择一所大学时，可能会考虑很多因素：学校的声誉，提供的课程，以及你专业的教授，等等。然而，考虑到大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者而增加的竞争力，许多学校现在为所有学生提供额外的福利。)”可知，大学为了吸引越来越多的申请者的竞争非常激烈。故选C。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“University of Missouri”部分中的“However, at the University of Missouri, you can enjoy one of the best campus fitness centers in the country. It features an “indoor beach” complete with a waterfall and a lazy river, as well as a full-service spa. Even if you don’t normally enjoy working out, Missouri’s fitness center will give you a reason to go to the gym.(然而，在密苏里大学，你可以享受到全国最好的校园健身中心之一。它的特色是一个“室内海滩”，配有瀑布和慵懒的河流，以及一个全方位服务的水疗中心。即使你平时不喜欢锻炼，密苏里州的健身中心也会给你一个去健身房的理由。)”可知，密苏里大学的健身中心是全国最好的校园健身中心之一，设施良好，能够引起学生锻炼的兴趣。故选D。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“High Point University”部分中的“If you see yourself quickly tired of dining hall food — something that happens to almost all of us — High Point University in North Carolina has a great option for you: a private steakhouse for students. It’s a first-class restaurant, and, best of all, you don’t have to pay for the meal out of your own pocket.(如果你发现自己很快就厌倦了食堂的食物——这几乎是我们所有人都会遇到的事情——北卡罗来纳州的高点大学为你提供了一个很好的选择：为学生提供的私人牛排馆。这是一家一流的餐厅，最重要的是，你不必自掏腰包。)”可知，北卡罗来纳州的High Point University为学生提供私人牛排馆。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Seton Hall University”部分中的“If you’re stressing out about the extra cost of technology when you start college, Seton Hall has great news for you: all freshmen are given free laptops through the university’s Mobile Computing Program.(如果你刚开始上大学时还在为科技的额外成本而紧张，那么西顿霍尔大学有一个好消息要告诉你：通过大学的移动计算项目，所有新生都可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。)”可知，西顿霍尔大学的学生可以获得免费的笔记本电脑。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“New York University”部分中的“If you’re a fan of museums, NYU (New York University) is the perfect university for you not only are you located in the heart of a city featuring some of the best museums in the world, but the university will even provide you with free admission to many of them.(如果你是一个博物馆迷，纽约大学是你的理想之选，不仅因为你位于一个以世界上最好的博物馆为特色的城市的中心，而且大学甚至为你提供许多博物馆的免费入场券。)”可知，纽约大学位于市中心。故选A。 5.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) Community Development Projects Overseas The aim of Community Development projects abroad in Temple Conservation, DIY and more is to improve poorer local communities. You can do them as part of your work experience, gap year or career break. Or just as a volunteering holiday. South Africa Time: 1st, March-31st, May 2022 Registration fee: $65 Maintenance/Handyman/DIY skills, this project would love to have you! The project is truly unique... you will assist an Animal Rehabilitation Center that desperately needs any help it can get and you will be benefiting the animals at the same time! And, of course, the location is very unusual. Sri Lanka: Time: 1st, May-31st, July 2022 Registration fee: Free Buddhist Temple Repair and Construction Project in Kand. Rebuild and repair Buddhist temple in and around Kandy. This unique and fascinating project offers an opportunity to learn about Sri Lanka n construction using traditional manual methods, without using modern machines. Work includes construction, repairing temples, cleaning in and around temples, interacting with children and villagers and helping the temples arrange Community Centers for the village youths. You will also assist with the repair of paintings and sculptures inside the temples. Zimbabwe: Time: 1st, October-31st, December, 2022 Registration fee: $120 Community Healthcare and Medical Project in Gweru gain basic medical experience in local clinics and play a role in HIV/AIDS education and awareness. You will be able to get involved in not only this clinic but others in the nearby areas. as well. You do not need to be qualified in any particular area. You will work with children from the ages of 3 to 6 years. It is a very worthwhile, enjoyable placement. 36. What can we know about Community Development project? A. They can improve poorer local communities. B. They bring you a chance to travel abroad. C. They can make you understand foreign countries well. D. They can make you more experienced in your future work. 37. Which of the following is needed in South Africa? A. People with rich travelling experience. B. People who are experienced in painting. C. People with experience in treating AIDS. D. People with experience of caring for animals. 38. How will the temple repair be done in Sri Lanka? A. It will be directed by experienced expert. B. The repair work can only be done by hand. C. All work will be done through modern machines. D. The construction workers do not have to be experienced. 39. What is the project of Zimbabwe aimed at? A. Health and medicine. B. Food and environments. C. Animals and resources. D. The community and education. 40. What is the similarity of these three projects? A. They all require some fees. B. They all require particular experience. C. They all need the same length of working time. D. They all need you to be good at foreign languages. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在南非，斯里兰卡和津巴布韦三个地区的海外社区发展项目。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The aim of Community Development projects abroad in Temple Conservation, DIY and more is to improve poorer local communities. You can do them as part of your work experience, gap year or career break. Or just as a volunteering holiday.”（海外社区发展项目包括寺庙保护、DIY等，目的是改善当地较贫穷的社区。你可以把它们作为工作经历、间隔年或职业假期的一部分。或者只是作为一个志愿假期。）可知，社区发展项目可以改善当地较贫穷的社区。故选A项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据South Africa中“you will assist an Animal Rehabilitation Center that desperately needs any help it can get and you will be benefiting the animals at the same time!”（你将帮助一个急需帮助的动物康复中心，同时你也将使动物受益！）可推知，南非需要有照顾动物经验的人。故选D项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sri Lanka:中“Rebuild and repair Buddhist temple in and around Kandy. This unique and fascinating project offers an opportunity to learn about Sri Lanka n construction using traditional manual methods, without using modern machines.”（重建和修复康提及其周边的佛教寺庙。这个独特而迷人的项目提供了一个机会来了解斯里兰卡的建筑，使用传统的手工方法，而不使用现代机器。）可知，斯里兰卡的寺庙修理工作只能手工完成。故选B项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据Zimbabwe:中“Community Healthcare and Medical Project in Gweru gain basic medical experience in local clinics and play a role in HIV/AIDS education and awareness.”（Gweru社区保健和医疗项目在当地诊所获得基本医疗经验，并在艾滋病毒/艾滋病教育和认识方面发挥作用。）可知，津巴布韦的项目是针对健康和医药方面的。故选A项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据South Africa部分下的“Time: 1st, March-31st, May 2022”（时间:2022年3月1日- 5月31日）、Sri Lanka:部分下的“Time: 1st, May-31st, July 2022”（时间:2022年5月1日- 7月31日）以及Zimbabwe:部分下的“Time: 1st, October-31st, December, 2022”（时间:2022年10月1日- 12月31日）可知，这三个项目的工作时间都是三个月，所以说工作时长是一样的。故选C项。 6.(23-24高二下.天津河北区.期中) In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (招聘) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try,” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor (教员) at the Air Force Aviation University (中国人民解放军空军航空大学). In 2015, Wei was admitted into the Air Eorce Aviation University and became an Air Force pilot student. According to Wei, pilots need to not only study aviation theory but also practise difficult aerobatics (飞行特技) like rolls and loops (筋斗). These moves require strong resistance to g-forces. “To do a loop, a pilot has to bear about 3g of, load, which feels like three times their bodyweight pressing down on them,” said Wei. To build this resistance, they often do strength training like weighted squats (负重深蹲). They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder (旋梯) to overcome dizziness (头晕). Despite all the training, becoming a top PLA Air Force pilot remains a tough job. “During flight pilots must carefully decide how to land, especially at night, and maintain position during formation flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice. In the world of aviation, a balanced mindset and quick thinking are very important. One of Wei’s most unforgettable experiences was dealing with illusions (错觉) during a formation flight up above the clouds. All he could see in front of him was the lead aircraft and clouds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments showed that my flight was level (水平的),” said Wei. “In such situations, trusting instruments is key to making sound decisions.” But what always remains constant is the great sense of freedom and pride that Wei feels a she flies his aircraft in the sky and looks down at Earth from above. Now as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel (倾注) his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots so as to contribute to the PLA Air Force’s combat readiness.” 36. Why did Wei Fangjie decide to become a PLA Air Force pilot? A. Because of his deep interest in aviation technology. B. Because of the advice from a high school career advisor. C. Because he met a flight instructor at school and talked with him. D. Because he saw a poster featuring the pilots and admired their bravery. 37. How do pilots develop resistance to g-forces? A. By flying with a spinning ladder. B. By practising aerobatics. C. By doing strength-building exercises. D. By getting rid of dizziness. 38. According to Wei, what is the key to mastering flying skills? A. Frequent training. B. Quick thinking. C. A balanced mindset. D. Overcoming illusions. 39. What did Wei learn from his experience with illusions? A. Always listening to his inner voice. B. Keeping clear-headed while flying. C. Trusting instruments when feeling uncertain. D. Relying on his teammates in challenging situations. 40. What is Wei’s current goal as a flight instructor? A. Flying his aircraft with a sense of freedom. B. Training a new generation of skilled pilots. C. Encouraging more young people to become pilots. D. Contributing to the development of aviation theory. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞行员魏方杰对于成为飞行员梦想的追求以及成为飞行员的一些要求。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In his senior year of high school, Wei Fangjie happened to see a poster for recruiting (招聘) PLA Air Force pilots. “The pilots on the poster looked really cool, and I got to know that a pilot is known as a profession of the brave. So, I decided to give it a try,” said Wei, 26, who now works as a flight instructor (教员) at the Air Force Aviation University (中国人民解放军空军航空大学).(在高三的时候，魏方杰偶然看到了一张招募空军飞行员的海报。“海报上的飞行员看起来真的很酷，我知道飞行员是一种勇敢的职业。所以，我决定试一试，”现年26岁的魏说，他现在是中国人民解放军空军航空大学的一名飞行教官)”可知，魏方杰决定成为一名空军飞行员是因为他看到了飞行员的海报，钦佩他们的勇敢。故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“To build this resistance, they often do strength training like weighted squats (负重深蹲). They also use special equipment like a spinning ladder (旋梯) to overcome dizziness (头晕).(为了增强这种抵抗力，他们经常做力量训练，比如负重深蹲。他们还使用旋转梯子等特殊设备来克服头晕)”可知，飞行员通过做力量锻炼对重力产生抵抗力。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“He added that the key to these skills lies in continuous practice.(他补充说，这些技能的关键在于不断的练习)”可知，掌握飞行技能的关键是经常训练。故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the world of aviation, a balanced mindset and quick thinking are very important. One of Wei’s most unforgettable experiences was dealing with illusions (错觉) during a formation flight up above the clouds. All he could see in front of him was the lead aircraft and clouds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments showed that my flight was level (水平的),” said Wei. “In such situations, trusting instruments is key to making sound decisions.”(在航空领域，平衡的心态和快速的思维是非常重要的。魏最难忘的经历之一是在云层上方的编队飞行中处理幻觉。他眼前所能看到的只有领头的飞机和云层。“我感觉我一直在转弯，但我的仪器显示我的飞行是水平的，”魏说。“在这种情况下，信任工具是做出明智决定的关键。”)”可知，魏从幻觉的经历中学到了不确定时信任工具。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now as an experienced flight instructor, Wei hopes to channel (倾注) his passion for aviation into the “training and development of a new generation of skilled pilots so as to contribute to the PLA Air Force’s combat readiness.”(现在，作为一名经验丰富的飞行教官，他希望将自己对航空的热情投入到“培养和发展新一代熟练飞行员，为中国空军的战备做出贡献”)”可知，作为一名飞行教官，魏目前的目标是培养新一代熟练飞行员。故选B。 7. (23-24高二下.天津河北区.期中) Earth Day is on April 22nd. People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean. But saving the Earth is not just for grow-ups. Kids are also taking an active part in it. The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet. It lists a lot of stories about different kids who help to keep our environment clean. Team Marine, USA group of students at Santa Monica High School started an organization called Team Marine. They tell people why plastic bags are bad for sea animals and environment. In 2011, they successfully made lawmakers (立法者) in their city stop people using plastic bags. Felix, 15, Germany In 2007, a 9-year-old boy, Felix, started a club，Plant for the Planet. It encourages children around the world to plant trees in their own countries. Felix helped plant 25 million trees in Germany and 120 million trees worldwide. Alec, 17, US When he was 12, Alec set up Kids VS Global (全球的) Warming. It teaches kids about weather change and ways to stop the world getting warmer and warmer. Alec travels widely to encourage people to help stop global warming. He has given more than 70 talks across the country. Olivia, 13, US When Olivia was 11, she heard about the 2010 oil spill (漏油) in the Gulf of Mexico. She painted 500 pictures of birds to raise money for the clean-up. She raised more than $200,000 to protect (保护) birds and other wild animals. 31. What is the purpose of setting up the “Earth Day” and who can do something for the Earth? A. To keep the earth peaceful and beautiful by adults and kids B. To keep the earth balanced by adults only C. To keep the earth safe and clean by adults and kids D. To keep the earth safe and clean by kids only 32. Young Voices for the Planet made by Lynne is ________. A. a book B. a TV play C. a film D. a club 33. According to the passage, we know ________ doesn’t agree to use plastic bags. A. Team Marine B. Felix C. Alec D. Olivia 34. Alec travels widely to encourage people to ________. A. raise money B. plant trees C. protect wild animals D. help stop global warming 35. The passage is mainly about how ________. A. kids are saving the Earth B. parents are planting trees C. students are raising money D. grow-ups are using plastics bags 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了地球日在4月22日。人们对地球说：谢谢。并且学会如何保护地球安全、清洁的方法。但拯救地球不仅仅是成年人的事，孩子们也积极参与。同时短文列出了不同的孩子们去帮助保护环境的清洁的故事。所以说保护地球是大家的责任。 【31题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Earth Day is on April 22nd. People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean. But saving the Earth is not just for grow-ups. Kids are also taking an active part in it.(地球日在4月22日。人们对地球说谢谢，并且学会如何保持地球安全、清洁的方法。但拯救地球不仅仅是成年的事，孩子们也积极参与)”可知，创立地球日的目的是通过成人和儿童的努力来保持地球的安全和清洁。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet.(美国作家、导演的琳制作了一部电影叫做《Young Voices for the Planet》)”可知，这是一部电影。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 2011, they successfully made lawmakers (立法者) in their city stop people using plastic bags.(2011年，他们成功地通过立法，在他们的城市阻止人们使用塑料袋)”可知，Team Marine在2011年成功地让他们城市的立法者禁止人们使用塑料袋。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Alec travels widely to encourage people to help stop global warming.(亚历克四处旅行的目的是，鼓励人们去帮助阻止全球变暖)”可推知，Alec走遍全球鼓励人们组织全球变暖。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“It lists a lot of stories about different kids who help to keep our environment clean.(短文列出了不同的孩子们去帮助保护环境的清洁的故事)”可知，本文主要讲述了孩子们参与环保的故事。故选A。 8. (23-24高二下.天津南开中学.期中) No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, grind the wheat for his flour, or cut his trees into boards. He also did not make the plows (犁), the work boots, or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention. A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this primitive form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. 49. What probably led to the start of advertisement? A. The discovery of iron. B. The appearance of new jobs. C. The specialization of labor. D. The development of farming techniques. 50. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to ___________. A. predict the future of advertising B. explain the origin of advertising C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising 51. In ancient Egypt a crier was probably someone who ___________. A. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. owned a ship 52. The last two paragraphs are mainly about ___________. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising C. the basic design of advertising D. the early forms of advertising 【答案】49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是广告的起源。没有人确切地知道广告是什么时候开始出现的。广告可能起源于工作分工的出现。许多历史学家认为最早的户外广告出现在五千年之前。以前的广告形式主要是标志牌和声音等。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.(这就引出了专业化的概念，这意味着人们会专业化，或专注于做一项特定的工作)”可知，劳动专业化导致了广告的产生。故选C。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs.”可知，许多历史学家相信5000年以前，最初的户外标示被使用。甚至在大多数人能够阅读之前，他们就已经理解了这些符号。结合第二段讲了Mr. Fielder播种、管理土地，收割以及出售谷物，但是他从不自己建房屋、修剪树木、耕地等，他请更加专业的人帮他做这些事。文章的第三、第四段介绍了Mr. Plowright，他不喜欢耕种，却擅长制造犁耕工具，因此他专门制造犁耕，并且开店出卖这种耕作工具。由此可以推断出作者讲这两个故事是为了说明广告的起源，故选B。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.(在古埃及，商家雇用这些沿街呼唤传报消息的人宣传他们的产品)”以及后文“His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.(换句话说，他的工作与当今世界的电视或广播广告没有太大区别)”可知，在古埃及，沿街呼唤传报消息的人其实就是相当于今天的商业广播和电视，帮助商家或企业做广告宣传。故选A。 【52题详解】 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段中“Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.(最初，只有人声和一些简单的乐器，比如铃铛，被用来吸引人们的注意)”以及最后一段介绍了古埃及时，有沿街呼唤传报消息的人来帮助商家或企业做广告宣传，可知，最后两个自然段主要讲述的是广告的早期形式，没有媒体，靠的是人声或是一些简单的工具发出的声音，故选D。 9.(23-24高二下.天津大学附属中学.期中) Animals might not be able to speak or master advanced language techniques, but they certainly have other ways of communicating. Whale song, wolf howls, frog cries — even the fast dance of the honeybee or the friendly waves of a dog’s tail — are among so many ways animals pass on information to each other and to other living things of the animal kingdom. When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects. For example, one study shows that blue whales produce different types of sounds depending on where they are from. Some bird species are the same way. And what about those birds that live on the border between territories (领地) of different songbirds? They are often able to communicate in a way accepted by each of their groups of neighbors. Communication between different species can play important roles as well. One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too. However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe, many animals are now under fire. Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin. Studies have found that songbirds, too, suffer from noisy city surroundings. Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy. 46. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2? A. Various dialects can also happen to the same animals. B. Animals communicate with each other in different ways. C. Different animals have different ways of communicating. D. Animals from different places may make the same sound. 47. What can we learn about iguanas? A. They communicate by singing. B. They are born with poor hearing. C. They often bring bad luck to humans. D. They get along well with flycatchers. 48. By saying “many animals are now under fire”, the author means ________. A. they refuse to communicate with others B. they cannot communicate effectively C. they are now in danger of dying out D. they don’t make a sound any more 49. Due to noise pollution, songbirds ________. A. find it hard to attract the opposite sex B. produce more songs that sound sad C. begin to communicate by dancing D can not find food easily any more 50. The author develops the passage mainly ________. A. by raising questions B. by following time order C. by providing examples D. by analyzing the data 【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物之间也会交流，不管是同一种类动物内部还是不同种类动物之间都可能存在交流。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段前两句“When it comes to hearing communication, not every member of a species is just alike. Animals in different places have often been sounding off in different dialects.(说到听觉交流，并非每个物种的成员都是一样的。不同地方的动物经常用不同的方言说话。)”可知，本段介绍即便是同物种直接也会存在方言。故选A。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“One study shows that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) do not communicate by making sound, but their well-developed ears help them hear well the warning calls of the flycatcher (a type of small bird). The two species have nothing in common except for the fact that they share a general habitat and enemies. So when an iguana hears a bird make a signal of danger for other birds, it probably knows to be watchful for arriving enemies, too.(一项研究表明，鬣蜥蜴并不通过发出声音来交流，但它们发育良好的耳朵帮助它们很好地听到捕蝇鸟(一种小型鸟类)的警告叫声。这两个物种除了共同的栖息地和天敌之外，没有任何共同之处。所以当鬣蜥蜴听到一只捕蝇鸟向其他捕蝇鸟发出危险的信号时，它也知道要警惕敌人的到来。)”可推断，这两种动物有共同天敌，故相处融洽。故选D。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前一句“However, as noise pollution has become a serious problem all across the globe,(然而，随着噪音污染在全球范围内成为一个严重的问题)”以及下文所举例子“Increased shipping traffic over the last century has greatly affected the spread of whale song around the ocean basin.(在过去的一个世纪里，航运的增加极大地影响了海洋盆地周围鲸鱼歌声的传播。)”可知，噪音污染已经严重影响了动物之间有效的交流。所以many animals are now under fire意为“它们无法有效交流”之意。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some species have had to change their singing styles, producing songs that sound louder, in order to be heard above the noise. Their new voices usually lead to stranger and somewhat worse styles of singing that female birds find decidedly less sexy.(一些物种不得不改变它们的唱歌方式，发出更响亮的声音，以便在噪音中被听到。它们的新声音通常会导致更陌生和更糟糕的歌唱风格，雌鸟肯定会觉得不那么性感。)”可知，由于噪音污染，雄鸟很难吸引雌鸟。故选A。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，每一段都是先提出一个现象，然后再举例子来证明或说明这个现象，所以作者主要通过举例子来写文章。故选C。 10.(22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Courses & Curriculum of the College of Arts & Sciences in Cornell The diversity of the courses you can take in the College of Arts & Sciences is extraordinary: Academic Distribution Requirements The College’s academic distribution requirements will include: effective writing; foreign language beyond the introductory level; imaginative and critical thinking. To choose your courses for a semester, use the Class Roster. It shows the schedule of all classes offered in a particular term, along with class enrollment information and course details. The Class Roster is updated frequently. To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study. It represents Cornell’s full catalog of courses and is published annually. It provides information on Cornell degree programs, requirements, policies and procedures. If you need help, call 607-255-5004 for an appointment with an advising dean. Or contact a career counselor in the Arts & Sciences Career Development Center at 607-255-4166 to talk about your interests and how they can translate into a major and a future career. A New Curriculum On October 30, 2018, the College of Arts & Sciences faculty（教员）approved a new undergraduate curriculum to be carried out over the next two to three years. The new curriculum focuses on the theme of exploration and reaffirms the college’s commitment to a liberal arts and sciences education. Students who have questions about the new curriculum can view the approved proposal on the Course Designer app of Cornell. Innovative Learning If you’re one of the 3,000 students across the university taking biology or physics at the College, you may be part of an innovative（创新的）classroom project that uses active learning, a new model that is proving to be the quickest path to expert-level mastery. Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states or spend a semester with Cornell in Washington D C. You could study abroad in one of more than 85 countries or develop your own research project through independent study. Give yourself the freedom to explore. 36. If you want to plan your courses over the long run, you can use the ______. A. Class Roster B. Courses of Study C. Course Designer D. Career Center 37. For students involved in an innovative classroom project, they ______. A. may study a new model B. are on the quickest way to be experts C. will get more freedom during research project D. have advantages of studying outside the classroom 38. The article is probably taken from ______. A. a college website B. a science report C. a travel magazine D. an academic journal 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，是关于美国康奈尔大学文理学院选修课程的介绍。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Class Roster is updated frequently部分的介绍中“To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study.”可知，如果要在康奈尔大学计划长期的课程，如四年的课程，使用“the Courses of Study”。故选B项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。文章中Innovative Learning部分的介绍中提到 “Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states or spend a semester with Cornell in Washington D C. You could study abroad in one of more than 85 countries or develop your own research project through independent study. (你在康奈尔的教育将远远超出课堂的范围。你可以在校园里加入教师的研究团队，在不同的州进行实地研究，或者在华盛顿的康奈尔大学度过一个学期。你可以在超过85个国家的其中一个学习，或者通过独立学习发展你自己的研究项目)”由此可以推断， 如果你参加创新课堂项目，你的学习将延伸到课堂范围以外，你会有在课堂以外的地方学习的优势。故选D项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章是介绍康奈尔大学文理学院的选修课程。因此可能是出自于康奈尔大学的网站。故选A项。 11. (22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) A couple carved out a life on a small rock island, among the seabirds. The Bass Rock is a small volcanic island just off the east coast of Scotland. Remarkable in the Scottish imagination for its landform and location in the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh, the island has had a thin and intermittent(断断续续)human population across the centuries. Its most notable and sustained inhabitants are the northern gannets that have lived on the island throughout recorded history. With a population of roughly 150,000 birds, their home is the largest in the world. The English naturalist June Nelson is one of the few people who have lived on the Bass Rock. For three years in the early 1960s. she and her late husband, the ornithologist Bryan Nelson. who was researching gannets at the University of Oxford, made the island their temporary home. Living and working out of a small church, they devoted themselves to observing and recording the behaviors and ecology of the birds. The then-newly-married had little contact with the outside world, but led a happy life together. In the short documentary Life on the Rocks, Nelson revisits her full and focused years on the Bass Rock. Combining cinematic black-and-white shots of the island with music. the UK director George Pretty creates a vivid account of Nelson’s unforgettable time there, as well as her emotional return. Mining Nelson’s memories and old photographs, the film explores how the husband-and-wife team found happiness on this unique patch of Earth, and among its many birds. But, more than just a fondness for the past, Nelson communicates an urgency to protect the plummeting(暴跌)global sea-bird population, which has declined by 70% in her lifetime, asking “What right have we to deprive(剥夺)future generations of this wonderful place?” 39. What do we know about the Bass Rock from Paragraph 1? A. It is owned by a couple. B. It is heavily populated. C. It is gannets’ largest habitat. D. It is famous for its scenery. 40. Why did June Nelson live on the island? A. To research birds. B. To make their home. C To live a happy life. D. To stay away from the outside. 41. What does Life on the Rocks intend to tell us? A. Nelson’s research about the birds. B. The couple’s fondness for the past. C. Nelson’s description of the island. D. Nelson’s concerns about the birds’ situation. 42. Which best describes the couple’s life on the island? A. Tough but worthwhile. B. Dangerous but admirable. C. Smooth and fruitful. D. Inspiring and lucky. 【答案】39. C 40. A 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了英国博物学家纳尔逊夫妇在巴斯岩岛致力于观察和记录鸟类的行为和生态。英国导演乔治拍摄了纪录片《岩石上的生活》，生动地描述了这对夫妻是如何在地球上这片独特的土地上，在众多的鸟类中找到幸福的。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Its most notable and sustained inhabitants are the northern gannets that have lived on the island throughout recorded history. With a population of roughly 150,000 birds, their home is the largest in the world. (岛上最著名和最持久的居民是有历史记载以来一直生活在岛上的北方塘鹅。它们的数量大约有15万只，是世界上最大的家园)”可知, 贝斯岩是塘鹅最大的栖息地。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Living and working out of a small church, they devoted themselves to observing and recording the behaviors and ecology of the birds.(他们在一个小教堂里生活和工作，致力于观察和记录鸟类的行为和生态)”可知, 琼·纳尔逊住在岛上研究鸟类。故选A。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But, more than just a fondness for the past, Nelson communicates an urgency to protect the plummeting(暴跌)global sea-bird population (但是，纳尔逊传达的不仅仅是对过去的喜爱，而是一种保护急剧下降的全球海鸟数量的紧迫性)”可知, 纳尔逊对这些鸟的处境感到担忧。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A couple carved out a life on a small rock island, among the seabirds. The Bass Rock is a small volcanic island just off the east coast of Scotland. Remarkable in the Scottish imagination for its landform and location in the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh, the island has had a thin and intermittent(断断续续)human population across the centuries. (一对夫妇在一座石岛上开创了自己的生活，那里有许多海鸟。贝斯岩是一个离苏格兰东海岸不远的小火山岛。在苏格兰人的想象中，该岛因其地形和位于爱丁堡附近的福斯湾(Firth of Forth)而引人注目，几个世纪以来，岛上的人口稀少且断断续续)”以及后文的描述可知，岛上人烟稀少，与世隔绝，自然条件恶劣，但是夫妇二人在岛上与海鸟相伴，观察研究发现海鸟的生存现状并呼吁人们保护环境。可知，这对夫妇在岛上的生活很艰难，但很值得。故选A。 12. (22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Given the buzz it’s created, there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT. It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning. The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet, reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate. All you have to do is give it a prompt (提示), and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things: write a story in a particular style, answer a question, explain a concept, compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent, seemingly human—written text in seconds. The technology is both awesome and terrifying. 22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT. Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall. As part of his studies this fall semester, Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab. Then, as the semester was coming to a close, OpenAI, the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools, released ChatGPT to the public for free. For the millions of people around the world who have used it since, interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future; a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction. For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse (公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? Tian had an idea. What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine? Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program. Ironically, this software, called GitHub Co-Pilot, is powered by GPT-3. With its assistance, Tian was able to create a new app within three days. It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive. On January 2nd, Tian released his app GPTZero. It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text. When Tian went to bed that night, he didn’t expect much for his app. When he woke up, his phone had blown up. He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists, principals, teachers, you name it, from places as far away as France and Switzerland. His app, which is hosted by a free platform, became so popular it crashed. Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app, the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience. 43. Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3? A. It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University B. Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free. C. It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero. D. It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now. 44. Wonderment at ChatGPT quickly turned to alarm because many users have the following concerns over ChatGPT EXCEPT _______. A. AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays. B. Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting. C. The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology. D. Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology. 45. Principals and teachers may get interested in Edward Tian’s new app probably because _______. A. the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular. B. they know many journalists are also very interested in it. C. they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted. D. they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing. 46. Which of the following expressions can best describe the principle behind GPTZero? A. Harm set, harm get. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. Fight a man with his own weapon. D. Great minds think alike. 【答案】43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了一位22岁的年轻人试图阻止ChatGPT颠覆写作。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。由文第三段第一句“Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall.”（在过去的几年里，田一直在研究一个名为GPT-3的人工智能系统，这是ChatGPT的前身，它对用户是不太友好的，而且公众基本上无法访问，因为它位于收费墙后面。）可知，GPT-3是需要收费的，一般人不使用它，故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。由文第五段“For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse(公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? ”（对于许多该项新技术的用户来说，惊奇很快变成了恐慌。这会消灭多少工作？这会使邪恶势力强大吗？并进一步败坏我们的公共话语? 这将如何破坏我们的教育系统？当人工智能有望在不久的将来取得指数级的进步时，在学校学习写论文有什么意义？）可知，作者并没有谈到对演员和表演行业的影响，故选B项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。由倒数第二段末句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，校长和老师可以用这个来测试学生是否在写作时作弊。由此推知，这很有可能是他们对田的新应用感兴趣的原因。故选D项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，该技术的逻辑是用自己来打败自己，C项“Fight a man with his own weapon.”（用他自己的武器去打一个人）符合该语义逻辑，故选C项。 13. (22-23高二下.天津河西区.期中) Whether a student is moving to a new college or attending for the first time, there is a certain period of adjustment that's required. Students that have never previously attended college must adjust to life as college freshmen（大学一年级新生）. With college, there comes a new level of responsibility in terms of education. Students are confronted（面临）with classes that are often more challenging. During their freshman year, students may feel at a loss or stressed about these changes to their new life. Fortunately, there are ways for students to adjust successfully to college life. Get Involved Getting involved in college activities can help freshmen adjust to college life. Activities can help students feel as if they are a part of their environment, and help them to relieve（缓解）some of the everyday stress associated with classes and studying. Students may consider getting involved in clubs, sports, student organizations, or other activities that take place outside of the classroom. This will also allow them to meet and interact with new people on campus. Stay Positive Freshmen have a lot to adjust to and at times it can feel like too much to handle. When a student feels at a loss by meeting new people, adjusting to new professors, studying, and college life in general, he or she may start to feel negative about the whole experience. When this happens, it is crucial that students stay positive with both their behavior and thoughts. Associating with people who have a positive outlook on their college experience and avoiding those who do not are great ways to feel better. Thinking of long-term goals will also help students feel more positive about college and education in general. Go to Class Attending classes is one of the most important student responsibilities. With the new found freedom that college brings, some freshmen may want to skip classes for other activities. At certain colleges, attendance is critical, particularly for classes that are in high demand. Failure to attend may cause a student to be dropped from the class. In classes where attendance is not taken, students may miss critical information necessary for their studies and may fail the class. Unless a student is ill, he or she should make every effort to attend all of their classes in a timely manner. Communicate Productively New college students may feel uncomfortable when it comes to communicating their needs. This difficulty could arise when it comes to speaking with professors or with fellow students, such as roommates. No matter where the problem falls, it is necessary for freshman to develop the confidence and the skills to communicate effectively. Speaking with confidence and respect will help students to get the information that they need and help them to avoid confusion or complications with other students. 31. Freshmen can reduce daily stress by________. A. meeting new people on campus every day B. participating in college activities C. pretending to be a part of their environment D. starting clubs or student organizations 32. According to Paragraph 3, what factors may make freshmen feel depressed? A. Not knowing how to control their behavior and thoughts. B. Meeting too many people with positive outlook. C. Not knowing how to face the new life in college. D. Thinking of long-term goals. 33. As is described in Paragraph 4, what happens if a student skip class? A. He or she can take part in other activities instead. B. He or she may fail in the exam. C. He or she is considered free to do so. D. He or she may give up the class. 34. In communicating their needs, freshmen should________. A. speak to those who respect them B. gain confidence from the other person C. learn to be polite and confident D. ask all the people around to make sure 35. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To point out the importance of college life. B. To encourage freshmen to enjoy their first college year. C. To help freshmen to adapt to college life smoothly. D. To introduce the challenges that freshmen will face. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是可以让学生成功地适应大学生活的方法。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据Get Involved部分的“Activities can help students feel as if they are a part of their environment, and help them to relieve（缓解）some of the everyday stress associated with classes and studying.（活动可以帮助学生感到他们是他们的环境的一部分，并帮助他们减轻一些日常与课堂和学习有关的压力。）”可知，新生可以通过参加大学活动来减轻日常压力，故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据Stay Positive部分的“Freshmen have a lot to adjust to and at times it can feel like too much to handle. When a student feels at a loss by meeting new people, adjusting to new professors, studying, and college life in general, he or she may start to feel negative about the whole experience.（大一新生有很多事情要适应，有时会觉得太难处理了。当一个学生在认识新朋友、适应新教授、学习和大学生活中感到不知所措时，他或她可能会开始对整个经历感到消极。）”可知，让大一新生感到抑郁的是不知道如何面对新的大学生活，故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据Go to Class部分的“Failure to attend may cause a student to be dropped from the class. In classes where attendance is not taken, students may miss critical information necessary for their studies and may fail the class.（不来上课可能会导致学生被退学。在不记录出勤的课堂上，学生可能会错过学习所需的关键信息，可能会挂科。）”可知，如果学生逃课他或她可能考试不及格。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据Communicate Productively部分的“No matter where the problem falls, it is necessary for freshman to develop the confidence and the skills to communicate effectively. Speaking with confidence and respect will help students to get the information that they need and help them to avoid confusion or complications with other students.（无论问题落在哪里，对于新生来说，培养自信和有效沟通的技巧是很有必要的。带着自信和尊重说话会帮助学生获得他们需要的信息，并帮助他们避免与其他学生混淆或复杂化。）”可知，在沟通他们的需求时，新生应该学会礼貌和自信，故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Fortunately, there are ways for students to adjust successfully to college life.（幸运的是，有很多方法可以让学生成功地适应大学生活。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助新生顺利适应大学生活。故选C。 14. (22-23高二下.天津第四十七中学.期中) Remote controls are one of the most common symbols of our modern technologies. In fact, remote controls are an invention born in the 1800s. Famous inventor Nikola Tesla created one of the world’s first wireless remote controls, which he exhibited in public at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1898. Tesla called his system a “teleautomaton” which could be used to control a mechanical device. For his demonstration, Tesla employed a minitype boat, which had a metal air wire that could receive exactly one radio frequency. He showed how his remote-controlled boat worked and whole process attracted many people. However, financially, Tesla’s remote-controlled boat was a failure. His intended client, the U.S. Navy, thought the technology was too easily damaged during use. But the concept of remote control caught on and quickly spread to many other types of equipment. In the 1930s and 1940s, a new consumer electronics, such as garage door openers and model airplanes, arrived with remote controls. In the mid-1950s, Zenith engineer Eugene Polley designed his Flashmatic TV remote control, which used directional flashes of light to control the television. In 1956, Polley’s colleague, Robert Adler, created the Space Command control, which employed high-frequency, ultrasonic (超声的) sounds instead of light. This style of remote control increased the price of a new TV by a third, but that didn’t stop people from buying in mass quantities. Remote controls kept evolving, too. Ultrasonic sound remote controls were the standard for TVs until the 1980s, when remote controls began using the infrared (红外线) light signals that are very common today. These days, you can find remote control capability built into a huge array of products such as toy cars and helicopters, video game consoles (控制台), ceiling fans, etc. There’s a good chance you can find a version that’s controlled by remote control. You can even buy a remote-controlled toilet. Remote controls have allowed humans to perform many tasks that would be difficult, if not impossible. And although remote controls have a long history, they are anything but over. As we continue to introduce technology to every aspect of our lives, it’s very likely that we’ll need remote controls to keep things under control. 46. What made the U.S. Navy think poorly of Tesla’s remote-controlled boat? A. Its high cost. B. Its unsatisfactory quality. C. Its damage to people’s health. D. Its inaccuracy in sending signals. 47. What did Robert Alder use in his remote control? A. Directional flashes of light. B. Infrared light signals. C. Various metal air wires. D. High-frequency, ultrasonic sounds. 48. Why did the author mention those products in Paragraph 4? A. To advertise some modern inventions. B. To prove the rapid evolution of kids’ toy. C. To show the wide application of remote controls. D. To show the principle of some high-tech products. 49. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Human are too dependent on technology. B. Remote controls are necessary in our life C. Humans are trying to keep everything under control. D. Remote controls will probably fade away in the future. 50. What does the author mainly tell us in this text? A. The history of remote controls. B. The developments of our modern technologies. C. The achievements of some great inventors. D. The popularity of remote controls in our daily life. 【答案】46 B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遥控器的历史，包括其发明人、发展以及未来趋势等。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“His intended client, the U.S. Navy, thought the technology was too easily damaged during use.”（他的目标客户美国海军认为该技术在使用过程中太容易损坏。）可知，质量不能令人满意让美国海军不看好特斯拉的遥控船。故选B项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1956, Polley’s colleague, Robert Adler, created the Space Command control, which employed high-frequency, ultrasonic (超声的) sounds instead of light.”（1956年，波利的同事罗伯特·阿德勒（Robert Adler）发明了Space Command控制系统，该系统使用高频超声波代替光。）可知，Robert Alder在遥控器中使用了高频超声波。故选D项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“These days, you can find remote control capability built into a huge array of products such as toy cars and helicopters, video game consoles (控制台), ceiling fans, etc.”（如今，你可以在玩具车、直升机、视频游戏机、吊扇等大量产品中找到远程控制功能。）可知，作者在第4段提到这些产品以显示遥控器的广泛应用。故选C项。 【49题详解】 推里判断题。根据最后一段“Remote controls have allowed humans to perform many tasks that would be difficult, if not impossible. And although remote controls have a long history, they are anything but over. As we continue to introduce technology to every aspect of our lives, it’s very likely that we’ll need remote controls to keep things under control.”（遥控使人类能够完成许多即使不是不可能也很难完成的任务。尽管遥控器有很长的历史，但它还没有结束。随着我们不断将科技引入生活的方方面面，我们很可能需要遥控器来控制一切）可知，遥控器在我们的生活中是必不可少的。故选B项。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In fact, remote controls are an invention born in the 1800s.”（事实上，遥控器是19世纪的一项发明。）以及下文中的“In the 1930s and 1940s, In the mid-1950s, In 1956，until the 1980s”可知，短文主要告诉我们遥控器的发展历史。故选A项。 议论文 1.(22-23高二下.天津河西区.期中) Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item. Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from onepoint of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old. It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created. 41. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________. A. live an advanced life B. look for better technical methods C. change ways of living at the moment D. accept technology and advance steadily 42. The author explains “ efficiency comes with a price ” by ________. A. describing a process B. using examples C. following time order D. making classification 43. Compared with home- made handicrafts, machine made products ________. A. lack great accuracy B. lack the personal touch C. are of high value D. are quite welcome 44. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4? A. It can destroy new traditions. B. It can lead to social progress. C. It can be used to correct mistakes if necessary. D. It can be used to preserve old products. 45. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life. B. People review the past with great regret. C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. D. People’s attitude decides the use of technology. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. D 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了进步到底对我们的生活而言是好还是坏，作者认为正是人们对进步的态度导致了技术对社会的影响。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. (每个人都期待进步，无论是在个人生活中还是在社会上。进步表明一个人改变他当下生活方式的能力。进步必须引导一种更好的做事方式。然而，只有当人们愿意接受技术，并通过寻找新的、更有效的做事方式向前发展时，所有这些才仍然是正确的。)”可知，进步可以给人们带来好处只有在技术为人们所接受并不断进步的时候才可能实现。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“efficiency comes with a price(效率是要付出代价的)”下文“When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.(当沟通变得高效时，人们无论在哪里，在任何时间都可以相互联系。只需点击一个按钮，相隔几英里的人们就可以交谈或见面，甚至不用离开家。有了手机和Ipad等通讯工具，人们通常不会亲自去拜访对方。私人拜访还有一个额外的特点，那就是只要拜访持续，你就必须和对方在一起。我们不能为自己找借口，也不能把对方拒之门外。)”可知，文章在讲解“efficiency comes with a price(效率是要付出代价的)”时，作者列举了例子来进行解释。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products.(然而，随着效率的提高，在制作这些产品时也失去了个人风格。)”可知，与手工艺品相比，机器所制作出来的产品缺少了个人风格。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.(只有随着进步和新技术的发明，许多旧产品才能恢复到原来的状态。旧产品要保持老旧，就需要新技术。)”可知，技术可以用来保护旧产品。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude.(正是人们对进步的态度导致了技术对社会的影响。技术是灵活的。没有固定的方法来利用它。一切都取决于人们的态度。)”可推断，人们的态度决定了技术的使用。故选D。 说明文 1.(23-24高二下.天津红桥区.期中) Have you ever wondered why people often catch themselves singing while having a shower or making dinner? Or why karaoke has been popular since it appeared in the 1980s? We still have to understand a lot about the effects of music on our brain, but many studies already show it is good for our mind and our body alike. The first reason you feel like singing along when o you listen to a song is that it makes you feel less lonely. Whether you are cycling home; doing your homework or cheering at your favourite pop star’s concert, singing is communication. It is like sharing a moment with the singer or the people around you. This is why babies often stop crying when they hear music and all children enjoy singing. All types of singing can make you feel better, but group singing has the best effects on people’s lives. Singing in a group in front of a crowd builds confidence, which explains why joining a choir can decrease anxiety in depressed patients. When you sing, it’s nearly impossible to think about other things. Since you must focus on what you are doing, singing stops you being worried about stressful situations. Singing can also improve speech development. Children learn to speak faster if they regularly sing from an early age and they are often better at communicating through language. When you sing, you need to remember words and tunes, so this activity is also an excellent way to learn a foreign language and make your pronunciation sound more natural. You can also improve your physical health when you sing. Since you need to breathe properly, when you sing, you breathe out more carbon dioxide and take in more oxygen, which makes your body fitter and stronger against illnesses. So if you decide to take up a new hobby, singing could be the best way for you to have fun, make new friends and improve your health at the same time. 41. The first paragraph mainly says that________. A. people prefer singing when they have a meal B. singing can help us understand the brain better C. we can improve our health when we sing D. karaoke isn’t as popular as in the 1980s 42. What happens when you sing along to a song? A. It’s like being at the concert of your favourite singer. B. It makes you feel connected to others. C. You can learn a foreign language. D. You may feel like a pop star. 43. What does the writer say about joining a choir? A. It bothers you when you perform in a crowded building. B. It makes you feel depressed in front of the audience. C. It helps you solve everyday problems. D. It enables you to feel more relaxed 44. Singing can help children________. A. increase their communication skills B. take in more carbon dioxide C. meet famous pop stars D. spell words properly 45. What is the main idea of the passage? A. It describes when people sing. B. It introduces the types of singing. C. It talks about the benefits of singing. D. It explains why children should join a choir. 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了唱歌给人们带来的好处。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We still have to understand a lot about the effects of music on our brain, but many studies already show it is good for our mind and our body alike. (关于音乐对大脑的影响，我们还需要了解很多，但许多研究已经表明，音乐对我们的思想和身体都有好处。)”可知，本段说明了当我们唱歌时，我们可以改善我们的健康。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first reason you feel like singing along when o you listen to a song is that it makes you feel less lonely. (当你听一首歌时，你想跟着一起唱的第一个原因是它能让你感觉不那么孤独。)”可知，你跟着一首歌一起唱会让你觉得和别人有联系。故选B项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Singing in a group in front of a crowd builds confidence, which explains why joining a choir can decrease anxiety in depressed patients. (在一群人面前唱歌可以建立信心，这就解释了为什么参加合唱团可以减少抑郁症患者的焦虑。)”可知，参加合唱团会减少焦虑，使你感觉更放松。故选D项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Children learn to speak faster if they regularly sing from an early age and they are often better at communicating through language. (如果孩子从小就经常唱歌，他们就会学会说得更快，而且他们通常更善于通过语言进行交流。)”可知，唱歌可以帮助孩子提高他们的沟通技巧。故选A项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“So if you decide to take up a new hobby, singing could be the best way for you to have fun, make new friends and improve your health at the same time. (因此，如果你决定培养一项新的爱好，唱歌可能是你获得乐趣、结交新朋友、同时改善健康状况的最佳方式。)”可知，本文主要讲的是唱歌的好处。故选C项。 2.(23-24高二下.天津南开中学.期中) Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth. The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth. They would get food from industrial agriculture, including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas. Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones — natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg, president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy. And then he added a caveat: We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the problems or eliminates all the trade-offs. Cynics (悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities. Wenick and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center, which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities (sand, iron ore, cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked. Another 53 commodities (nitrogen, timber, beef, etc.) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said. Only 11 commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov.6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes. Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint. The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University. “It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.” 53. What does the underlined word “trade-offs” refer to in the first paragraph? A. The balance between human development and natural ecology. B. The profitability of import and export trade. C. The consumption of natural resources by industrial development. D. The difficult plight of economies growth. 54. Which of the following is true of the views of the new environmentalists? A. They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation. B. They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future. C. They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe. D. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth. 55. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage? A. Natural resources cannot support economic development. B. More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time. C. Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment. D. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. Urbanization and re-wildness. B. Human existence and industrial development. C. Socioeconomic development and resource consumption. D. Commodity trading and raw material development. 【答案】53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讨论了新保护主义者的观点，他们认为人与自然的平衡是必要的，提倡“重野化”概念，即人们应限制经济增长，减少对自然资源的依赖，提高生产效率，并从自然景观中退出，让自然回归，即讲述了经济发展与资源消耗相关的问题。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. (自然保护主义者就人类是否是衡量自然价值的标准展开了战争)”可知，自然资源保护主义者倡导权衡人类与自然关系，结合第一段后文“New Conservationists argue such  trade-offs  are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people reduce economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. (新自然保护主义者认为，在这个人类主导的时代，这种trade-offs是必要的。他们还支持“重野化”，这一概念最初是由Soule提出的，即人们减少经济增长，退出自然景观，然后回归自然)”可知，新自然保护主义者认为这种人与自然的平衡是必要的，trade-offs指的是人类发展与自然生态的平衡，A 项表述符合文意。故选A。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. (他们支持“重新野生化”，这是Soule最初提出的一个概念，即人们抑制经济增长，退出景观，然后回归自然。)”可知，新环保主义者认为人们应该限制经济增长，D正确。故选D。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”(Ausubel说：“这似乎是20世纪我们的期望，我们总是假设未来需要更多的资源消耗。但我们在发达国家看到的当然是峰值。”)”可知，现在的资源消耗是峰值，由此推知，在一段时间内不会出现更多的资源消耗。故选B。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature’s value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding”, a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature. (自然保护主义者就人类是否是衡量自然价值标准展开了战争。新自然保护主义者认为，在这个人类主导的时代，这种权衡是必要的。他们支持“重新野生化”，这是Soule最初提出的一个概念，即人们抑制经济增长，退出景观，然后回归自然。)”和最后一段““It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources,” Ausubel said. “But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”(Ausubel说：“这似乎是20世纪我们的期望，我们总是假设未来需要更多的资源消耗。但我们在发达国家看到的当然是峰值。”)”可知，短文主要讨论了新保护主义者的观点，他们认为人与自然的平衡是必要的，提倡“重野化”概念，即人们应限制经济增长，减少对自然资源的依赖，提高生产效率，并从自然景观中退出，让自然回归，因此，文章主要和社会经济发展、资源消耗有关。故选C。 3.(22-23高二下.天津第一中学.期中) Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋). There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type of president. We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves. In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one's strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration. Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored "go-to" topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it. The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unknowingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness. When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, We fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others. It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths. 47. Why teenagers' strengths are often mistaken for narcissism? A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public. B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism. C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness. D. Numbers of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors. 48. The author mentions Gandhi and Teresa in paragraph 6 to show that________. A. they are both victims of binary thinking B. one can be both modest and sure of himself C. confidence is quite important for celebrities D. public figures unknowingly fall prey to narcissism 49. What's the author's attitude towards young kids' strength-based approaches? A. Skeptical. B Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 50. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Teens' Strength Psychology B. Teens' Narcissism Diagnosis C. Teen's Anxiety and Depression D. Teens' Confidence Misunderstood 【答案】47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年的自信被误解的现象及原因。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. (为什么会发生这种情况？部分原因是人们对自恋的了解多于对优势的了解。优势心理学在很大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，或者只在特定的情境，如工作场所中应用，但关于自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体并融进我们的意识中)”可推知，青少年的优势经常被误认为是自恋是因为优势心理学不太容易为大众所接受。故选A。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness.(甘地和特蕾莎修女如果没有对自己的优势的自信，是不可能取得今天的成就的，但他们都是谦逊和无私的)”可知，作者在第六段中提到了甘地和特蕾莎，表明一个人可以既谦虚又自信。故选B。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我共事过的成千上万的年轻人说话，他们关心他人、有思想、谦逊——即使他们发挥了自己的长处)”可推知，作者很赞成以儿童的优势为基础的方法。故选B。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).(一个恰当的例子是基于优势的科学和关于自恋的研究之间微妙且被误解的重叠)”及最后一段“It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.(人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋者的风险，但我想为我共事过的成千上万的年轻人说话，他们关心他人、有思想、谦逊——即使他们发挥了自己的长处)”可推知，本文主要介绍了青少年的自信被误解的现象及原因。由此可知，Teens' Confidence Misunderstood(被误解的青少年的自信)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 4.(22-23高二下.天津第四十七中学.期中) Imagine two applicants are in a job interview: one expresses a great passion for the work, while the other points to family encouragement to pursue that field. Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion. Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot. That means universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates are pretermitting talented students and employees. It seems that passion is a much stronger predictor of achievement in certain societies than others. “This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,” said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others. This research is novel for its using big data to compare a wider range of culturally diverse societies. The researchers collected the data including scores from 1.2 million high school students across 59 countries. They found those who felt passionate about science, reading, or other subjects were more likely to be given better scores. This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important. Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation. For example, in the United States, doing well because of what others expect might seem to be evidence of a lack of potential. In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities. For instance, in the movie The Grandmaster, the legendary martial arts teacher Ip Man never said that he had a personal passion for kung fu. Rather, his drive to attain mastery came from the desire to live up to what his belt symbolized to his teacher and society. The findings open up the possibility of designing educational interventions that don’t rely only on the western idea of cultivating (培育) passion. That helps better unlock the potential of our students and workforce. 51. Who is more likely to succeed in a job interview according to most employers? A. Those who have a web of relations. B. Those who are familiar with the company. C. Those who gain much family encouragement. D. Those who have great enthusiasm for the position. 52. What does the underlined word “pretermitting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Neglecting. B. Harvesting. C. Exploring. D. Defending. 53. What might be Xingyu Li’s team’s purpose of conducting the research? A. To clarify the link between students’ passion and academic performance. B. To encourage people to learn the cultures of different countries. C. To win people from different cultural contexts more chances of admission D To show the importance of big data in culture-related studies at particular. 54. Who tends to regard family responsibility as a source of motivation? A. An American. B. A Colombian. C. An Australian. D. A Canadian. 55. What does the author intend to illustrate in Paragraph 5? A. The model of motivation varies from culture to culture. B. The negative effects of societal expectations on individuals. C. The role of self-realization matters in a person’s success and well-being. D. The typical personality types in individualist countries and collectivist ones. 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学校和公司常常把申请人的激情作为评判依据，但这对来自不同文化背景的人来说是不公平的。西方国家认为自我是动力来源，而集体主义国家则认为自我是关系网、角色网和责任网中的一部分。了解这一点有助于更好地释放学生和员工的潜力。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Which applicant has a better chance of succeeding? Conventional wisdom suggests it would be the one who has a strong personal passion.(哪位申请人成功的几率更大？传统观点认为，这将是那个有强烈个人激情的人。)”可推知，大多数雇主都倾向于选择对岗位有极大激情的人。故选D。 【52题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Passion is not a universally powerful basis of achievement, but the culture a person grew up in matters a lot.(激情并不是成就的普遍有力基础，但一个人成长的文化很重要。)”可知，文章指出激情并不是取得成就的普遍基础，成长文化也很重要，意在表明不赞成只依赖激情就做出选择的行为，画线词所在句是对前句的进一步解释说明。根据“universities and companies that frequently rely on passion in candidates”和“talented students and employees”可推测出，这里表示的是频繁信赖申请人激情的大学和公司会忽视有才华的学生和员工，pretermitting表示“忽视”，与neglecting(忽视)意思相近。故选A。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘This leads to a blind spot among interviewers and is unfair to people from diverse backgrounds,’ said Xingyu Li, the lead author of a new study. As a person coming from a collectivist (集体主义的) society, he knows exactly how people feel when they are rejected just because they are seemingly not as passionate as others.(一项新研究的主要作者李兴宇说：‘这导致了面试官的盲点，对来自不同背景的人来说是不公平的。’作为一个来自集体主义社会的人，他非常清楚当人们因为看起来没有其他人那么有激情而被拒绝时的感受。)”可知，李兴宇认为只依靠激情就做出判断对来自不同背景的申请人来说不公平，他本人也来自集体主义社会，非常了解人们因为看起来缺乏激情而被拒绝录用的感受，由此可推测出，他进行这项研究的目的是为来自不同文化背景的人们争取更多录用机会。故选C。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This is quite true in individualist societies such as the United States and Australia, compared with collectivist countries such as China, Thailand, and Colombia, where the students felt that having family support for their interest was important.(与中国、泰国和哥伦比亚等集体主义国家相比，美国和澳大利亚等个人主义社会的情况更是如此，在这些集体主义国家，学生们认为家庭支持对他们的兴趣很重要。)”和第五段中的“In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities.(在集体主义社会中，自我是相互依存的，是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。)”可知，中国、泰国和哥伦比亚都是集体主义国家，这些国家的人重视家庭支持，认为自我是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。由此可推测出，四个选项中哥伦比亚人会将家庭责任视为动力来源。故选B。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Individualist countries regard the self as the source of motivation.(个人主义国家把自我视为动力的源泉。)”和“In collectivist societies, the self is inter-dependent, part of a web of relations, roles, and responsibilities.(在集体主义社会中，自我是相互依存的，是关系网、角色网和责任网的一部分。)”以及举例可知，本段主要讲述了不同文化中动力来源的不同。故选A 议论文 1.(23-24高二下.天津重点校联考.期中) Last Friday, a special event took place at the National Theater of Korea. A robot called EveR 6 led an orchestra in a performance of Korean music. Robots have led orchestras in other countries, but this was the first time in Korea. EveR 6 is a robot built by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH). EveR 6 has joints in its neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists. As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. EveR 6’s movements are based on movements “captured” from real human conductors. In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” says Mr. Choi. But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats.” He said this created a situation where “the performers have to communicate with each other to follow the right beats.” Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 66. What can we learn about EveR 6? A. It is trained by human conductors. B. It can wave its arms smoothly. C. It has performed in Korea many times. D. It is more advanced than other AI programs. 67. Who conducted the final piece of the concert? A. EveR 6. B. Mr. Choi. C. EveR 6 and Mr. Choi. D. Nobody 68. What is the biggest limitation of EveR 6? A. It cannot hear and respond to the orchestra. B. It has difficulty capturing humans’ movements. C. It cannot beat time with its fingers. D. It doesn’t have human-like facial expressions. 69. Which can best describe EveR 6 being used in daily practice? A. Unworkable. B. Hard-to-use C. Time-saving. D. Useful. 70. What is the main idea of the text? A. EveR 6 brings conducting a bright future. B. Korean robot conducts orchestra. C. The war between robots and musicians is on. D. AI robots create music and perform it on stage. 【答案】66. B 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人指挥管弦乐队的情况。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. (因此，它可以在许多不同的方向上快速而平稳地移动手臂)”可知它能平稳地挥动着手臂，故选B。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who led the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece. (两支由EveR 6指挥，两支由釜山爱乐乐团的指挥的崔秀荣指挥。两位指挥家在最后一首曲子中一起工作)”可知，在最后一首曲子中，是由EveR 6 和 Mr. Choi.一起完成的。故选C。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. But the robot’s greatest weakness is that it can’t hear.(Mr. Choi 对 EveR 6的行动方式印象深刻。但这个机器人最大的缺点是它听不见)”可知，它最大的局限性在于它不能听到，因此更不能回应管弦乐队。故选A。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times.(然而，他认为机器人在需要多次重复的练习中会有所帮助)”可知，在日常实践中，机器人是有帮助的，故$$