Unit 3 Sea Exploration 测试卷(6) B卷 单元仿真训练卷(3)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册新课标辅导素能双测卷（人教版2019）

测试卷(六)　B卷　单元仿真训练卷(3) (本卷满分：150分　测试时间：120分钟) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.When will the woman meet Dr. Black tomorrow? A.At 9：20 a.m. B.At 11：00 a.m. C.At 1：50 p.m. 2.Why does the woman's brother feel unwell? A.He lacks exercise. B.He often goes to bed too late. C.He works too hard. 3.How will the woman pay? A.By cash. B.By check. C.By credit card. 4.What does the man want to do? A.Watch a program. B.Turn off the TV. C.Read about astronauts. 5.How will Linda get home after school? A.On foot. B.By car. C.By bus. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.Who is David? A.Chelsea's father. B.Chelsea's brother. C.Chelsea's teacher. 7.Where will Chelsea go next week? A.Paris. B.Seattle. C.London. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8.Where did the man get to know Josh? A.At the man's office. B.At a birthday party. C.At a volleyball club. 9.Who will the man most probably live with? A.Josh. B.The woman. C.Jane. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.Who felt sad about the news in the paper? A.Susan. B.Nat Baker. C.Susan's grandma. 11.Why have the plans for the community center been postponed? A.There is not enough money. B.People prefer the old library. C.The senior citizens dislike the idea. 12.What does the man think of the old community center on Elm Street? A.It is very big. B.It isn't well equipped. C.It isn't suitable for the elderly. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13.What does the woman say about the boats? A.They are safe. B.They are ugly. C.They are small. 14.What will the speakers do today? A.Swim in the sea. B.Sail out on the bay. C.Join a sailing club. 15.Why does the woman have to make the boat fall over? A.To have an exciting experience. B.To prepare for a similar emergency. C.To help her student pass an examination. 16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Friends. B.Husband and wife. C.Teacher and student. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.How many languages does Start Today teach at the moment? A.11. B.22. C.57. 18.Why do most people learn new languages according to the speaker? A.To get better opportunities. B.To travel around the world. C.To become language experts. 19.What is the goal of Start Today? A.To make education free through technology. B.To develop more courses through technology. C.To create private tutor experiences through technology. 20.What is the learning process like at Start Today? A.Very fun. B.Very boring. C.Very difficult. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Coral Sea is home to an amazing variety of turtles，sharks，whales，dolphins，large fish，birds，corals，plants，and many other species.Many of these species are endangered elsewhere in the world，but still survive in the healthy environment of the Coral Sea. The Coral Sea is a large series of coral reefs located off the northeast coast of Australia.This area is three times larger than Australia's famous Great Barrier Reef，which the Coral Sea borders. The Coral Sea is one of the few coral reef environments that have remained largely undamaged by overfishing，oil and gas exploration and pollution.However，statistics show that coral reefs around the world are disappearing five times faster than rainforests.It is very likely that in the near future the Coral Sea will face the same threats to its existence. The Australian government is currently looking at options for protecting the Coral Sea but has made no decisions.Environmentalists are pushing for laws to declare the Coral Sea area a marine protected area.This would mean a large “no­take zone” for fishermen，a “no­exploration zone” for gas and oil companies and a “no­dump zone” for pollution.This would make the Coral Sea a marine park larger than any other park in the world. We can write letters to Australian leaders，Australian environmental protection agencies，and Australian friends，to let them know that people worldwide support this protection of the Coral Sea.To lose this last great marine wildness would be a loss for the whole world. For more information，CLICK here please. 21.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A.To teach people how to protect the Coral Sea. B.To call for the public awareness to protect the Coral Sea. C.To show the amazing features of the Coral Sea. D.To explain the function of the Coral Sea. 22.You can most probably read this passage ________. A.in a guidebook B.on a website C.in a science textbook D.on a TV show 23.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A.The reason for protecting the Coral Sea. B.The way to protect the Coral Sea. C.The location of the Coral Sea. D.The money­raising for saving the Coral Sea. B (2024·福州高二联考)Water equals life. This is true for people, animals and plants. And while water is plentiful in some locations, this is not the case all over the world. Now scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) may have developed a way to change that. The new desalination (脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button. There are no filters (过滤器) required, and the device uses electrical power to remove salt and other particles (微粒)—including bacteria and viruses—from the saltwater. This reduces the need for constant maintenance. Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high­pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource­limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use. The device took years to develop. After running tests in the lab with water that had different salinity and particles, it was tested at Boston's Carson Beach. The device produced drinkable water in just half an hour. The new desalination unit needs less power than a cell phone charger, reported Fast Company, and works using two types of electrical fields to filter the saltwater. But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers. In fact, the device only has three buttons, one to power the device, one to start it, and one to stop it. The researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials to make it ready by the end of next year. This small but mighty desalination unit may be the key to bringing safe water to a thirsty world. 24.What's the advantage of the new desalination device? A.It's convenient. B.Ifs a lot cheaper. C.It has improved filters. D.It has a larger output. 25.How is the third paragraph developed? A.By making comparisons. B.By giving examples. C.By analyzing causes. D.By listing figures. 26.What does the author think is the most outstanding quality of the new device? A.It requires much less power. B.It possesses two electrical fields. C.It can be easily operated by ordinary people. D.It is controlled by the same button. 27.What is the best title for the text? A.Deeper research finds new contents of seawater B.Better method improves the quality of drinking water C.Report shows a world thirsty for safe drinking water D.New portable device makes seawater drinkable on the way C (2024·赤峰阶段练习)Scientists have discovered the world's largest known field of sea grass. They did it using videos shot by some sea animals. The work should help protect the sea grass, and also shows off a creative way to explore the ocean. The sea grass is flowering plants that normally grow in shallow waters near coasts. It grows in thick fields, known as meadows. Sea grass meadows help clean the ocean water, and provide food and home for many sea creatures. Importantly, sea grass meadows also help in the fight against the climate problems. That's because they store a great deal of carbon—the harmful pollution that's making global warming worse. Damaging these sea grass meadows can emit this pollution again, so it's important to protect them. However, the ocean is too huge for humans to study all by diving. A team of scientists decided to have tiger sharks help with the research because tiger sharks live underwater, swim fast and spend a lot of time in sea grass meadows. The scientists attached cameras and other trackers to seven tiger sharks. After catching the sharks, the scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment, and then let them go again. The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to the surface. Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken over the sea floor. Putting all the data together, the scientists learned that the waters around the Bahamas are home to the largest sea grass meadow ever discovered. The project is important for several reasons. Since sea grass is so valuable in fighting global warming, it's important to know where it is. Oliver Shipley, a leading scientist, says. “If we don't know where it is, we can't protect it.” The program also shows how useful large sea animals can be in helping to learn more about life under the sea. Shipley says animals like tiger sharks “are going to take us to new places that we didn't know”. 28.What helped the scientists discover the largest ever field of sea grass? A.Videos taken by tiger sharks. B.Ships working underwater. C.Images shot from passing planes. D.Exploration of professional divers. 29.What does the underlined word “emit” in paragraph 2 mean? A.cut down B.clear away C.let out D.wind up 30.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A.The ways of following large sea animals—tiger sharks. B.The steps of fixing cameras to the tiger sharks. C.The unique functions of the signal­tracking equipment. D.The process of finding the world's largest known sea grass meadow. 31.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Sea grass is of high value in research and business. B.Ocean animals can help uncover more secrets of nature. C.Humans have benefited from pollution­free oceans. D.Scientists have solved the climate problems effectively. D (2024·靖远期末)Lynda Doughty, a marine biologist, developed a passion for marine wildlife during her childhood. Growing up along the coast of Maine, she witnessed the impact of human activity on marine mammals and she made it her life's work to protect them. “I feel this intense responsibility to help these animals，” Lynda said. “And, really, this is what I was put on this Earth to do.” Harbor seals are among the most common mammals found along the East Coast, and they face various threats to their well­being, including fishing nets and illegal feeding, chemical pollutants, as well as boat and propeller (螺旋桨) injuries. Earlier in her career, she worked for a marine mammal emergency response organization that eventually closed due to lack of funding. To fill the gap left by the group, Lynda started her own non­profit organization—Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011. It has since provided response and medical care for more than 3，000 marine mammals. Lynda's team operates a 24­hour hotline that responds to calls regarding marine mammals in danger. Their permit allows them to respond to mammals stranded (搁浅) within 2，500 miles of the coastline, and her team only offers help if the mammal is in critical condition. Critically ill mammals are transported to Lynda's center and nursed back to health. Seals typically require three or more months of professional care treatment before they are released back into the ocean. In addition to mammal rescues, Marine Mammals of Maine conducts important research to learn about marine mammal habitats and human impacts. Marine mammals can give us clues about the ocean's health, which ultimately affects human well­being as well. The organization also helps promote marine conservation among youth and the local community. In addition, they instruct the public on what to do, and what not to do, when encountering wild species like harbor seals. 32.What do Lynda's words mean? A.She was born along the coast of Maine. B.She ignored the impact of human activity. C.She did her work with a sense of mission. D.She protected marine wildlife at a young age. 33.Why did Lynda set up Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011? A.To earn more money. B.To replace the group. C.To make the group a non­profit organization. D.To restart marine mammal emergency response. 34.What can we learn about Lynda's team from paragraph 4? A.It only treats critically ill seals. B.It rescues marine mammals in danger. C.It protects all endangered marine mammals. D.It stops people from fishing marine mammals. 35.What's the purpose of paragraph 5? A.To state younger generations need to be instructed. B.To stress the severe situations that marine life faces. C.To mention other social contributions of Lynda's team. D.To show humans have a great impact on marine mammals. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A new report says plastic is responsible for the damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.__36__ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.__37__ After a while，it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead，it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.__38__ That means harmful material may get into our food supply. __39__ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single use containers and throw plastic away correctly.Plastic recycling programmes also work where old bottles and other plastic are collected，broken down and used to make new products. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastic.__40__ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A.Then，fish may eat the plastic. B.It asks them to better measure and direct plastic use. C.The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. D.The report talks about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. E.Plastic should be gathered together and reused. F.But people can make a big difference. G.It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to __41__ into areas which hadn't been charted until then. With the discovery of new lands, new trade routes were __42__. In many parts of the world, colonies and settlements were established and many odd­looking products were brought back to __43__， arousing great interest and __44__ wealth. It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that__45__ persuaded Europeans of the fifteenth century to __46__ their legendary dangers and explore further out into the open seas. They were also __47__ by the love for their countries. Many explorers wanted to serve their kings and countries as well as gain personal __48__ from their exploring. The most effective way of gaining wealth was through__49__. Silk, gold, silver and __50__ stones, and more importantly spices, such as gingers and peppers, were the most profitable trade goods in Europe. Spices were of the greatest __51__ because they enabled the Europeans to make their winter diet of salted meat more delicious. These items were __52__ mostly from the East by a difficult overland route. The Italian __53__， who bought goods from the Arabs of Alexandria, controlled the trade along this route. Other countries of the Mediterranean __54__ the wealth which this trade generated and they were __55__ to discover new routes which would allow them to share in it. 41.A.sail B.walk C.fly D.drive 42.A.set back B.set off C.set up D.set against 43.A.the East B.the Mediterranean C.Europe D.Italy 44.A.inheriting B.creating C.saving D.losing 45.A.frequently B.hardly C.frankly D.eventually 46.A.recognize B.risk C.realize D.foresee 47.A.discouraged B.praised C.forced D.inspired 48.A.business B.benefit C.fame D.rights 49.A.trade B.war C.conquering D.bargaining 50.A.precious B.rough C.hard D.smooth 51.A.interest B.efficiency C.value D.practice 52.A.exported B.imported C.robbed D.occupied 53.A.soldiers B.explorers C.pioneers D.merchants 54.A.lost B.won C.possessed D.envied 55.A.disappointed B.available C.anxious D.reluctant 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I applied to join an expedition, Shackleton turned me 56.________. But I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. The journey had not been easy. Endurance became 57.________ (stick) in the ice and we had to abandon the ship. Shackleton 58.________ (calm) called us together and told us to rescue our most essential 59.________ (supply).We were camped on the ice and we had been managing to survive, but spring 60.________ (come), and the ice would soon begin to melt. Things on Elephant Island were going from bad to 61.________. Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1，320 kilometers away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us 62.________ (make) it in our small boats. If Shackleton failed, would we have any hope of rescue? No. Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there was after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be 63.________ (die) by now. Their genuine concern for others, their 64.________ (persevere), and their resolve filled me 65.________ hope. Perhaps there was a chance we would return home, after all. 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2024·济宁高二期中)假定你是李华，上周六你校在图书馆举办了一场学生英语演讲比赛，主题为“是否应该进行海洋探索”。现在请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.参赛对象； 2.比赛情况； 3.比赛意义。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “I'm going to miss you so much，Poppy，” said the tall，thin teenager.He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.He stood up，hugged his parents，and smiled，trying not to let his emotions get the better of him. His parents were not quite able to control theirs.They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.It was time to say goodbye for now at least.The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed. The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder，and flashed a bright smile.“I guess this is it，” he said.“I'll see you back home in a month，okay？” His parents nodded，and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.The boy's mother turned to the dog，“Okay，Poppy，time to go back home.” The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.All that week，Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner，her favorite toy，or even in her daily walk.Her owners were sad too，but they knew their son would be back to visit.Poppy didn't. They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats.They even let her sit on the sofa，but the old girl just wasn't her usual cheerful self.Her owners started to get worried.“What should we do to cheer Poppy up？” asked Dad.“We've tried everything.” “I have an idea，but it might be a little crazy，” smiled Mom.Without anybody left in the house but us，this place could use a bit of fun.Let's get a little dog for Poppy. It didn't take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box.Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box，she stopped.She put her nose on it.Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever so slowly，then faster as she caught the smell. 注意：续写词数应为 150 左右。 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared._________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ A few weeks later，the boy arrived home from university.____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 测试卷(六)　B卷　单元仿真训练卷(3) 第一部分　听力 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 Text 1 W：Will Dr. Black be able to see me at about 9：20 tomorrow? M：Sorry, but he's fully booked till 11：00 unless there is a cancellation. W：Would ten to two be convenient? M：Yes, he's free then. Text 2 M：I heard that your brother feels out of sorts. What's the matter with him? W：I think he's been overworking. And the doctor also said he needs to take a rest. Text 3 W：Can I have the bill, please? M：Yes, please wait a moment. Here you are. W：Can I pay by credit card? M：Sorry, we only accept cash. Text 4 W：The TV shouldn't be on in the morning. The programs are either old or terrible. Did you forget to turn it off last night? M：Quiet, Mom. The first astronauts to visit Mars will be taking off shortly. Text 5 M：I need to pick up my mother from the train station this afternoon. W：Do I need to pick up Linda after school is over? Will she take the bus or walk? M：Neither. I will drive and collect her on the way back home. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 Text 6 M：Hey, Chelsea, how are you doing these days? W：I'm doing great, Dad. How's David? Is he feeling better? M：He'll be fine. He's always had a weak stomach ever since you were both kids. Anyway, how's the weather in London? W：Oh, you know, it's rainy most of the time, which reminds me of Seattle. M：Aha? OK. Have you got any exciting plans coming up? W：Actually, yes. Our school is organizing a trip to Paris next week. M：That sounds great! How are you going to go? W：We're taking the train.It'll only take two and a half hours. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 Text 7 M：Mary, I have to find a place to live in. The house owner wants my room for her daughter who's moving back to town. W：Oh, bad luck! This will be your third time to move. I heard that Josh was looking for a roommate. You know Josh, don't you? M：Yes, we met at your birthday party and before long we played in the same football club. W：That could be a possibility, Sam. M：OK, I'll check with him later. By the way, who's the girl sitting opposite your desk? W：Haven't you known we have a new secretary? Jane's here for almost two weeks! 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 Text 8 W：Morning, Grandpa. What's the matter? M：The news in this paper made my friend Nat Baker upset. It says：“The old library building on Chestnut Street, which hasn't been used for over a year till now, was planned to be made into a community center to serve senior citizens. Due to a lack of funds for the repainting and necessary furniture, the plans for the community center have been postponed indefinitely.” W：Is it a serious problem, Grandpa? M：Yes. Nat is not so lucky as I am, Susan. He doesn't have any family with him. He depends on places like a community center. W：But there's an old community center on Elm Street. M：It's small, and it's set up primarily for kids：ping­pong tables, soda machines, and lots of music. It's too noisy for older people like Nat. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 Text 9 M：Welcome to the Berkeley Sailing Club! Have you ever been in one of these boats before? W：No, I've only been in big sailing boats. These boats look a little scary. They're so tiny! M：They're small, but they're very safe. Even if your boat turns over, it's easy to get it back up. W：Turns over? You mean, goes under the water? M：No? the boat will float. Only you will go under the water. That's going to be part of our lesson today. We're going to sail out on the bay, and then I'll make the boat fall on its side. It's pretty exciting! W：Is it easy to get back into the boat? M：Once the boat is up again, it's easy to climb on. W：Why do we have to make the boat fall over? M：It's very important for you to learn how to pull it back up. Because if you're out on the sea by yourself one day, you might have to do it. I promise you that this will be a fun experience! 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 Text 10 W：Start Today is one of the best language­learning websites today. At the moment, we offer 57 different language courses across 22 languages. And another 11 new courses are being developed by our professional team of language experts from all around the world. Today, there are over one billion people trying to learn a new language, and most of them are doing so in order to get better opportunities in life. Unfortunately, learning a new language can often be very expensive. But that is not a problem here at Start Today, because we believe in free education. All of our online courses are free of charge, and our goal is to give everyone who learns with us a private tutor experience through technology. Now, you may think learning online is boring, but be ready to change your mind at Start Today. To make sure the learning process is interesting, our courses are designed like games. So you will not only pick up new language skills, but also have a lot of fun doing it. So what are you waiting for? Sign up today and start learning! 答案　1－5　CCAAB　6－10　BABAB 11－15　ACCBB　16－20　CBACA 第二部分　阅读 第一节 A——【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了位于澳大利亚东北海岸的珊瑚海，它面临着即将消失的威胁。澳大利亚政府正在寻找方案，希望能保护这个伟大的野生海洋世界。 21.B　写作意图题。根据倒数第二段可知，该文旨在提高公众对保护珊瑚海的意识。故选B。 22.B　文章出处题。根据文章最后一段“For more information，CLICK here please.”可推知，本文是刊登在网站上的，否则不会使用CLICK here。故选B。 23.D　细节理解题。保护珊瑚海的原因、方案及珊瑚海的位置文中均有提及，但没有提到为拯救珊瑚海筹集资金。故选D。 B——【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。 24.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new desalination (脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button.(这种新的海水脱盐装置只需要按下一个按钮，就能产生高于世界卫生组织标准的水。)”可知，这个新的脱盐设备的优势是操作非常方便。故选A。 25.A　推理判断题。根据第三段“Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high­pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource­limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use.(大多数商业上可用的便携式海水脱盐装置使用的过滤器需要高压泵来推动水，这使得它们体积庞大，能源效率较低。这种无过滤器的MIT设备可以在偏远或资源有限的地方使用，比如小岛、船只，甚至是紧急情况下使用。)”可知，第三段主要通过对比新的脱盐设备和其他商业上可用的便携式脱盐设备来说明新设备的优势。由此推知，这段是通过对比来发展的。故选A。 26.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers.(但最重要的是，它是为普通人而不是工程师设计的。)”可知，作者认为这个新设备最突出的优点是普通人也可以轻松操作。故选C。 27.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。由此可知，D项“新的便携式设备即将使海水可以饮用”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 C——【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虎鲨拍摄的视频帮助科学家们发现了有史以来最大的海草地，并解释了海草地的作用以及重要性。 28.A　细节理解题。根据第四段“Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken over the sea floor. Putting all the data together, the scientists learned that the waters around the Bahamas are home to the largest sea grass meadow ever discovered.(跟踪信号帮助科学家找到了漂浮的摄像机，并收集了鲨鱼占领海底的视频。把所有的数据放在一起，科学家们了解到巴哈马群岛周围的水域是迄今为止发现的最大的海草草地的所在地)”可知，虎鲨拍摄的视频帮助科学家们发现了有史以来最大的海草地。故选A。 29.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Importantly, sea grass meadows also help in the fight against the climate problems. That's because they store a great deal of carbon—the harmful pollution that's making global warming worse.(重要的是，海草草场也有助于对抗气候问题。这是因为它们储存了大量的碳——这种有害的污染正在加剧全球变暖)”以及画线词后文“this pollution again, so it's important to protect them(再次……这种污染，所以保护它们很重要)”可知，破坏这些海草草场会再次释放这种污染，所以保护它们很重要。故画线词意思是“释放”。故选C。 30.D　段落大意题。根据第四段(研究人员在七只虎鲨身上安装了摄像头和其他追踪器。捕捉到鲨鱼后，科学家们迅速安装了设备，然后又放了它们。这些相机被设计成在几个小时后脱落，漂浮到水面上。跟踪信号帮助科学家找到了漂浮的摄像机，并收集了鲨鱼占领海底的视频。把所有的数据放在一起，科学家们了解到巴哈马群岛周围的水域是迄今为止发现的最大的海草草地的所在地)可知，第四段主要讲了寻找世界上已知的最大的海草草场的过程。故选D。 31.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The program also shows how useful large sea animals can be in helping to learn more about life under the sea. Shipley says animals like tiger sharks ‘are going to take us to new places that we didn't know.’(该项目还展示了大型海洋动物在帮助更多地了解海底生物方面是多么有用。Shipley说，像虎鲨这样的动物‘将把我们带到我们不知道的新地方。’)”可知，海洋动物可以帮助我们揭开更多的自然秘密。故选B。 D——【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了多尔蒂从小热爱海洋野生动物，在成为海洋生物学家后，她成立了非营利机构救助海豹的故事。 32.C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“‘I feel this intense responsibility to help these animals，’ Lynda said. ‘And, really, this is what I was put on this Earth to do.’(琳达说：‘我感到有责任帮助这些动物。’‘事实上，这就是我在这个地球上要做的事情。’)”可知，琳达觉得自己有责任帮助这些动物，做着应该做的事情，可得出她带着使命感在工作。故选C。 33.D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Earlier in her career, she worked for a marine mammal emergency response organization that eventually closed due to lack of funding. To fill the gap left by the group, Lynda started her own non­profit organization—Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011. (在她职业生涯的早期，她曾为一家海洋哺乳动物应急组织工作，该组织最终因缺乏资金而关闭。为了填补该组织留下的空白，琳达于2011年创办了自己的非营利组织——缅因州海洋哺乳动物。)”可知，琳达在2011年成立了缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会是因为要重启海洋哺乳动物应急响应。故选D。 34.B　细节理解题。由第四段中的“Lynda's team operates a 24­hour hotline that responds to calls regarding marine mammals in danger. Their permit allows them to respond to mammals stranded (搁浅) within 2，500 miles of the coastline, and her team only offers help if the mammal is in critical condition. (琳达的团队运营着一条24小时热线，接听有关处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物的电话。他们的许可证允许他们对搁浅在海岸线2 500英里以内的哺乳动物做出反应，她的团队只有在哺乳动物情况危急的情况下才会提供帮助。)”可知，琳达团队拯救处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物。故选B。 35.C　推理判断题。由第五段中的“In addition to mammal rescues, Marine Mammals of Maine conducts important research to learn about marine mammal habitats and human impacts. (除了哺乳动物救援，缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会还进行了重要的研究，以了解海洋哺乳动物的栖息地和对人类的影响。)”和“In addition, they instruct the public on what to do, and what not to do, when encountering wild species like harbor seals. (该组织还帮助促进青年和当地社区的海洋保护。此外，当遇到像海豹这样的野生物种时，他们会指导公众该做什么，不该做什么。)”可知，第五段目的在于提及琳达团队的其他社会贡献。故选C。 第二节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料给海洋环境造成了极大的污染，并提出了解决方法。 36.D　由空前的内容，尤其是“A new report”“damage”可知，D项“该报告讨论了塑料对海洋的危害以及可以做些什么来改进这一状况”符合语境。 37.C　根据上下文可知，扔到河里和其他水道里的塑料制品最终会到达沿海地区以及海洋，故选C。 38.A　根据下文“That means harmful material may get into our food supply.”可推知，既然塑料进入了我们的食物中，那么只能是鱼吃了塑料，然后我们再吃了鱼，故选A。 39.F　本空是本段的主旨句，根据下文谈到的人类的积极影响可知，此空是说人类可以起到作用，故选F。 40.B　上文提到该报告呼吁公司应改进使用塑料的方法，而B项承接上文，指出了该报告要求公司更好地权衡和指导塑料的使用；且B项中it代指上文的The report，故选B。 第三部分　语言运用 第一节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲探险家发现了新航线新大陆以后，便开始在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点并通过贸易获得财富。 41.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一发现鼓励他们航行到此前没有绘制地图的地区。A.sail航行；B.walk步行；C.fly飞行；D.drive开车。根据前文“It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean.”可知，欧洲探险家确定世界上所有的海洋都是一个巨大而连续的海洋，所以是航行。故选A。 42.C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着新大陆的发现，新的贸易路线建立了起来。A.set back延迟；B.set off出发；C.set up建立；D.set against反对。根据本句“With the discovery of new lands”可知，新大陆发现了，意味着新的贸易路线被建立。故选C。 43.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点，许多奇形怪状的产品被带回欧洲，引起了人们的极大兴趣，创造了财富。A.the East东方；B.the Mediterranean地中海；C.Europe欧洲；D.Italy意大利。根据前文“European explorers”可知，是欧洲的探险家，所以发现的产品被带回欧洲。故选C。 44.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在世界许多地方建立了殖民地和定居点，许多奇形怪状的产品被带回欧洲，引起了人们的极大兴趣，创造了财富。A.inheriting继承；B.creating创造；C.saving节省；D.losing失去。根据本句“many odd­looking products were brought back”可知，产品被带回，引起人们的兴趣，所以创造了财富。故选B。 45.D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许正是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望，最终说服了15世纪的欧洲人冒着传说中的危险，向更远的公海进行探索。A.frequently频繁地；B.hardly几乎不；C.frankly坦率地；D.eventually最终。根据本句“the irresistible desire for wealth”可知，是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望最终说服了他们探险。故选D。 46.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许正是对财富的不可抗拒的渴望，最终说服了15世纪的欧洲人冒着传说中的危险，向更远的公海进行探索。A.recognize承认；B.risk冒险；C.realize意识到；D.foresee预见。根据本句“explore further out into the open seas”可知，他们探索更远的海域，是要冒着风险的。故选B。 47.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也被对祖国的热爱所鼓舞。A.discouraged使沮丧；B.praised表扬；C.forced迫使；D.inspired鼓舞。根据空后“by the love for their countries”以及下文“Many explorers wanted to serve their kings and countries”可知，他们想为国王和国家服务，所以被对祖国的热爱所鼓舞。故选D。 48.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多探险家既想为国王和国家服务，也想从探险中获得个人利益。A.business生意；B.benefit利益；C.fame名誉；D.rights权利。根据前文“many odd­looking products were brought back to __43__， arousing great interest and __44__ wealth.”可知，被带回的产品创造了财富，所以他们也想获得个人利益。故选B。 49.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：获得财富最有效的方式是通过贸易。A.trade贸易；B.war战争；C.conquering征服；D.bargaining讨价还价。根据下文“the most profitable trade goods in Europe”可知，欧洲最有利可图的东西是通过贸易实现的。故选A。 50.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丝绸、黄金、白银和宝石，以及更重要的香料，如姜和辣椒，是欧洲最有利可图的贸易商品。A.precious宝贵的；B.rough粗糙的；C.hard硬的；D.smooth光滑的。根据空前“Silk, gold, silver”可知，列举的都是贵重物品，所以石头也应是宝石。故选A。 51.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：香料的价值是最大的，因为它们使欧洲人冬天的咸肉饮食更加美味。A.interest兴趣；B.efficiency效率；C.value价值；D.practice练习。根据本句“because they enabled the Europeans to make their winter diet of salted meat more delicious.”可知，香料是最有价值的。故选C。 52.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些物品大多是通过艰难的陆路从东方进口的。A.exported出口；B.imported进口；C.robbed盗取；D.occupied占用。根据空后“from the East”可知，是从东方进口到欧洲的。故选B。 53.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：意大利商人从亚历山大的阿拉伯人那里购买商品，控制着这条路线上的贸易。A.soldiers士兵；B.explorers探险家；C.pioneers开拓者；D.merchants商人。根据空后的非限制性定语从句“who bought goods from the Arabs of Alexandria”可知，购买产品的人应是商人。故选D。 54.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：地中海的其他国家羡慕这种贸易所带来的财富，他们急于发现新的航线，以便分享这些财富。A.lost失去；B.won赢；C.possessed拥有；D.envied羡慕。根据本句“they were __55__ to discover new routes which would allow them to share in it.”可知，他们急于发现新的航线，以便分享这些财富，所以他们很羡慕这种贸易所带来的财富。故选D。 55.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地中海的其他国家羡慕这种贸易所带来的财富，他们急于发现新的航线，以便分享这些财富。A.disappointed失望的；B.available可用的；C.anxious急切的；D.reluctant不情愿的。根据本句“Other countries of the Mediterranean__54__ the wealth which this trade generated”可知，他们羡慕这种贸易所带来的财富，所以急于发现新的航线。故选C。 第二节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙克尔顿在遭遇轮船沉没等一系列糟糕的情况后乘船去求救，以及队员们等待救援的过程。 56.down　考查固定短语。句意：当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我。turn down“拒绝”，是固定短语，故填down。 57.stuck　考查非谓语动词。句意：耐力号被困在冰里，我们不得不弃船。分析句子可知，此处用非谓语动词形式作表语，stick与主语Endurance是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作表语，故填stuck。 58.calmly　考查副词。句意：沙克尔顿平静地把我们叫到一起告诉我们要抢救最重要的物资。修饰动词called用副词作状语，故填calmly。 59.supplies　考查名词复数。句意：同上。此处作宾语用名词形式，表示“基本物资”，用复数，故填supplies。 60.was coming　考查动词时态。句意：我们在冰上扎营，一直在设法生存，但是春天来了，冰很快就要融化了。根据前后文语境，描述过去将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时，come用过去进行时表示将来，且主语spring是单数，故填was coming。 61.worse　考查形容词比较级。句意：大象岛上的情况每况愈下。根据句意，使用固定短语from bad to worse，表示“每况愈下；越来越糟糕”，故填worse。 62.to make　考查不定式。句意：沙克尔顿离开我们，到1320公里外的南乔治亚岛去寻求帮助——这次航行太危险，对我们所有人来说都太困难了，我们不能用小船去。分析句子可知，此处用不定式构成不定式复合结构“for all of us to make it in our small boats”作状语，修饰difficult，故填to make。 63.dead　考查形容词。句意：没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都死了。be动词后接形容词作表语，dead“死的”作表语，故填dead。 64.perseverance　考查名词。句意：他们对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。形容词性物主代词their修饰名词，作宾语，persevere的名词形式是perseverance，不可数，故填perseverance。 65.with　考查介词。句意：他们对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。fill...with...“用……充满……”，是固定短语，故填with。 第四部分　写作 第一节 【参考范文】 An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration To arouse our awareness of protecting the ocean, an English speech contest about whether we should explore the ocean was organized in our school library last Saturday. The competition started at 9：00 a.m. and lasted two hours. Students who had a good command of English and showed great interest in this topic took turns to give us a speech. Their performances on the stage were so wonderful that they were greeted with applause and praise. It was evident that the activity was well organized and was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but also enable us to realize the importance of protecting the ocean. 第二节 【参考范文】 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.She was all white with shining big eyes，a black spot on its forehead making it more attractive.Her new owners gave her a new name，Spotty.Mom took her out of the box carefully，putting her beside Poppy's feet.Poppy's eyes were first filled with surprise and curiosity and then brightened with joy.Looking at this，the parents relieved because Poppy accepted Spotty and their plan worked. A few weeks later，the boy arrived home from university.The first thing that caught his attention was the happy noise made by Poppy and another dog.When finding the boy back home from university，Poppy was overjoyed and introduced Spotty to him.The three，immediately became just one solid alliance.From their story we can see the fact that happiness between three is much more than between two or just having it alone. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$