Unit 3 Sea Exploration 测试卷(5) A卷 基础知识达标卷-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册新课标辅导素能双测卷（人教版2019）

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 测试卷(五)　A卷　基础知识达标卷 基础检测 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.extends　2.negotiating　3.league　4.withdrew 5.channel　6.bonds　7.politics　8.profession 9.tournament　10.mixture Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.exploiting　2.Logging　3.merchants　to negotiate　4.for　5.Mixed　mixture Ⅲ.短语选填 1.set sail　2.in a league of her own　3.withdraw from　4.in hand　5.in ancient times　6.under the command of 7.In return for　8.reach out　9.for the benefit of 10.From a；point of view Ⅳ.完成句子 1.putting it in the same league as other well­known charities 2.set sail on a long stretch of the river 3.always had a great deal of work in hand 4.do not withdraw from society 5.you need to negotiate with your boss Ⅴ.课文语法填空 1.has caused　2.more　3.another　4.was banned 5.possessions　6.truly　7.but　8.Logging　9.for　10.economic 能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Mobi­mat科技公司开发了一些令人兴奋的创新产品，使得一些行动不便的人们在海滩上度过一天成为现实。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wouldn't it be great if people with walking difficulty could also get closer to the ocean to enjoy the thrill of a sunset, watching the sun's rays light up the waves? The good news is that things are moving in the right direction！(如果步行困难的人们也可以走近大海，欣赏日落的刺激，看着太阳的光芒照亮海浪，那该多好啊！好消息是，事情正朝着正确的方向发展！)”可知，第一段提到的好消息是残障人士会更容易到达海滩，故选C。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Mobi­mat提供了坚固的表面，故选A。 3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，在朱庇特和迈阿密采取的措施是根据当地条件而制定的，故选D。 4.A　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“But technology companies like Mobi­mat are making a day at the beach for people with limited mobility a reality.(但是像Mobi­mat这样的科技公司正在让行动不便的人们在海滩上度过一天成为现实。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Mobi­mat科技公司开发了一些令人兴奋的创新产品，这使得一些行动不便的人们在海滩上度过一天成为现实。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是介绍一个友好的举动。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。 1.D　根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(海浪发电的优势显而易见)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明波浪能的环保优势：不会释放温室气体。故D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”符合语境，故选D。 2.G　根据上文“There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in movement.(还有很大的潜力，因为许多国家都有海洋，可以为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且，波浪几乎没有中断，几乎总是在运动。)”可知，上文提到波浪几乎没有中断，几乎总是在运动，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明其结果：这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源。故G选项“这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源”符合语境，故选G。 3.E　根据上文“But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging.(但是波浪能的缺点也很严重。直接在海滩上建造工厂或电线可能具有挑战性。)”可知，上文提到直接在海滩上建造工厂或电线可能具有挑战性，故本句承接上文具体说明建造工厂或电线的危害：会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害。故E选项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”符合语境，故选E。 4.F　根据上文“High cost is a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult.(高昂的成本也是一个问题。波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术，因此计算成本是困难的。)”以及后文“Because constant movement can lead to more breaking, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.(由于不断地移动会导致更多的损坏，波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。)”可知，本句主要在说明工厂的维护成本高昂的问题。故F选项“流动盐水工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”符合语境，故选F。 5.C　后文提到海浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力，说明波浪能还是存在未来发展的可能性。故C选项“尽管存在挑战，波浪能还是有未来的”符合语境，故选C。 Ⅲ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫博扬·斯莱特的男孩，在16岁去希腊潜水时看到海里到处是塑料垃圾，决定专注于解决海洋塑料垃圾问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料收集系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。 1.B　根据前文的“And so he was，seven years ago”可知，他没退学之前是一名大学生。drop out为固定短语，意为“退学，辍学”。故选B。 2.A　根据后文的“From that moment on，Slat dived into a ________to find a solution to this alarming problem.”可知，16岁时，他和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A。 3.D　根据本句中的“Before taking a diving course”可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋生物的期待去上潜水课的。expect意为“期望”，符合语境。故选D。 4.C　根据句首的“However”可知，本句与前文应为转折关系，表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C。 5.A　根据后文的“find a solution to this alarming problem”可知，他想找到解决这个令人担忧的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A。 6.D　根据后文的“the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean”可知，他应是突然想到了用漂浮屏障来收集海洋中的塑料的主意。故选D。 7.B　根据后文的“his company”可知，他应是创立了自己的公司。故选B。 8.A　根据前文的“the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean”可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A。 9.B　根据前文的“The U­shaped pipe”可知，这是一个U型管，且后文动词snakes意为“(使)蜿蜒前进”，因此about 609 metres应是它的长度。故选B。 10.C　根据后文的“It's likely that lots of the waste will________ be recycled into more single­use plastic that ends up back in the ________.”可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C。 11.B　根据前文的“These floating barriers will capture plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for ________ every few months.”可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾，因此在斯莱特看来，按计划，只用60个这样的系统就能够在2025年前减少海洋中多达50%的塑料垃圾。故选B。 12.C　根据后文的“there remains a problem：What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems？”可知，出现了“由这个系统带回岸上的塑料会怎么处理”的疑问，这与前文之间为转折关系。故选C。 13.A　根据空后的“be recycled into more single­use plastic that ends up back in the ________” 可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A。 14.D　根据前文中提及的back可知，这些塑料垃圾被回收做成一次性使用的塑料制品，最后还是会回到海洋中。故选D。 15.D　根据后文的“Big problems require big solutions，”he says.“If anyone has any better idea，I'd love to know.”可知，面对前文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，即他没有放弃。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新塑料，这种塑料可以在海水中降解，并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。 1.increasingly　考查副词。句意：中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料，这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious，应用副词increasingly修饰，故填increasingly。 2.leaving　考查非谓语动词。句意：高级工程师王格霞说，这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解，只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词，此处应为非谓语动词，且此处表示自然而然的结果，所以使用其现在分词。故填leaving。 3.who　考查定语从句。句意：高级工程师王格霞说，这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解，只留下不会造成污染的小部件。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wang Gexia，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填who。 4.on　考查介词。句意：在很长一段时间里，人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。短语focus on表示“把注意力集中于……”。故填on。 5.reports　考查名词的数。句意：近年来，当越来越多的海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道出现时，海洋塑料污染才引起人们的注意。report为可数名词，结合“more and more＋可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”故用复数形式。故填reports。 6.to design　考查动词不定式。句意：科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的，故填to design。 7.the　考查冠词。句意：科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。这里表示特指，指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新塑料，应用定冠词the。故填the。 8.was selected　考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这项研究被选为竞赛的一个获奖项目。这里讲的是过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时；主语与谓语构成被动关系，故为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是The research，谓语用单数。故填was selected。 9.environmental　考查形容词。句意：中国高度重视环境保护，为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。protection为名词，用形容词environmental修饰，作定语。故填environmental。 10.resolving　考查动名词。句意：中国高度重视环境保护，为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。contribute...to...表示“贡献”，其中to为介词，其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION 测试卷(五)　A卷　基础知识达标卷 ____________________________[基础检测]______________________________________ Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The path ________ (延长) beyond the end of the road. 2.His publishing house just began ________ (商定) for her next book. 3.Their record sales would put them in the same ________ (水平) as The Rolling Stones. 4.Once in court，he ________ (撤回) the statement he'd made to the police. 5.The boats all have to pass through this narrow ________ (航道). 6.In societies with strong family ________ (纽带)，people tend to live longer. 7.My friend is determined to major in __________(政治) at the college. 8.My __________(职业) had an important influence in the formation of my character. 9.What delighted the fans was that Tom performed well in the table tennis __________(锦标赛). 10.The __________(混合物) of flour，water and yeast is then left in a warm place for four hours. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean ________ (exploit) it. 2.________ (log) new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. 3.Here, ________ (merchant) from China and many other places met ____________ (negotiate) trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. 4.The crowd stood to applaud ________ their important ocean research work. 5.________ with wind, the rain was falling onto my face, which made me feel a ________ of loneliness and sweetness. (mix) Ⅲ.短语选填 in a league of one's own；withdraw from；in hand；in ancient times；reach out；for the benefit of；in return for；from a...point of view；set sail；under the command of 1.It was a bright clear morning when we at last ________________ in the ship. 2.As a lawyer，Janice is so excellent that she is truly ________________. 3.He has decided to ________________ the competition. 4.It took me great efforts to get these books ________________. 5.This old Silk Road linked China with the west ________________. 6.The ship is ________________ Captain Blake. 7.________________ your cooperation we will give you a free gift. 8.We must be kind and friendly and ________________ to those in need. 9.We have brought down prices of medicines ________________ the people. 10.________________ long­term ________________，we should pay attention to education and science and technology. Ⅳ.完成句子 1.这家新的慈善机构每年将捐赠5500万美元，与其他知名慈善机构并驾齐驱。 The new charity will be giving away $55 million a year，________________________________. 2.百里江面，千帆竞发。 A thousand boats ________________________________. 3.她手头总有许多工作要做，但从没有人听到她抱怨。 She ________________________________，but no one ever heard her complain. 4.大多数的老年人并没有退出社会生活的圈子。 Most older people ________________________________. 5.也许你需要和老板沟通，调整你的工作职责。 Perhaps ________________________________ to shift your responsibilities. Ⅴ.课文语法填空 When people talk of exploring the sea more，they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration 1.____________ (cause) many problems up to now and will continue to cause more. More exploration means 2.____________ (much) pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Mining for resources is very damaging.Overfishing is 3.____________ problem.Although hunting whales and dolphins 4._____________ (ban) in 1982，some countries are still “murdering”，these intelligent creatures without mercy.The sea is home to life，not human beings' 5._____________ (possess).To 6._____________ (true) understand our planet，we must explore the oceans. Opponents may be concerned，7._____________ sea exploration is important for our future.Therefore，more research is necessary.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.8._____________ (log) new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.The population of the world is growing and we need new resources 9._____________ future development.Of course，we should balance environmental risks with 10._____________ (economy) needs. ____________________________[能力提升]______________________________________ Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (2024·济宁高二期末)Imagine if it were easy for everyone to get to the seashore, to smell the sea winds and to feel seawater on their skin. Wouldn't it be great if people with walking difficulty could also get closer to the ocean to enjoy the thrill of a sunset, watching the sun's rays light up the waves? The good news is that things are moving in the right direction! In a CDC study, around 14% of adults in the US report a mobility disability, defined as serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs. This can make vacation planning a challenge and put some destinations off­limits. But technology companies like Mobi­mat are making a day at the beach for people with limited mobility a reality. Mobi­mat has developed some exciting innovations like non­slip roll­out accessibility mats(垫子). These function like red carpets at movie premieres(首映), taking people with special needs right to the seashore. They are made of a fine nylon material that is designed for people who use wheelchairs or may otherwise need a firmer surface to cross the sand. More cities are working to make enjoyment of the beach much more wide­ranging in other creative ways based on regional conditions. The town of Jupiter in Florida has opened up access to its beaches to people who have trouble going up and down stairs via three new wide wooden walkovers. The Miami Herald recently reported on the upcoming construction of a wheelchair­accessible beachfront observation platform, and upgraded park with adaptive playground and exercise equipment for people with disabilities in Miami Beach. Inspired by creative innovation, forward­looking policymakers and companies, and the shared demands of disabled people who are calling for better access to beautiful beach locations, it seems that many more people of all abilities will be able to head to the beach. 1.What is the good news mentioned in paragraph 1? A.The seashore becomes the hottest destination. B.The ocean environment changes for the better. C.Beaches are more accessible to the disabled. D.Approaching the sea benefits disabled people. 2.What can we learn about the mat from Mobi­mat? A.It offers a firm surface. B.It originates from movies. C.It replaces wheelchairs. D.It functions beneath the sand. 3.What can be inferred about the measures in Jupiter and Miami? A.They're well behind schedule. B.They center on ocean protection. C.They need to be more creative. D.They're tailored to local conditions. 4.What is the purpose of this text? A.To introduce a friendly move. B.To recommend a treatment. C.To advertise beautiful beaches. D.To report findings of a study. Ⅱ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2024·日照高二统考)Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32，000 terawatt­hours of natural energy per year—for reference, the entire world uses around 23，000 terawatt­hours every year. The advantages of wave power are clear.__1__ Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution­free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is huge that energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in movement. __2__ But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging.__3__ Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High cost is a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. __4__ Because constant movement can lead to more breaking, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance. __5__ For many ocean­bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technology involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source. A.Wave energy still need to be explored. B.They are not affordable to many countries. C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gasses when produced. E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems. F.Maintenance for the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive. G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source. Ⅲ.完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Boyan Slat is 26.If you saw him walking down the street，you might think he was just a student at a local technical university.And so he was，seven years ago，right before he __1__ out of college. Slat's life began to __2__ after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16.Before taking a diving course，he had __3__to see beautiful sea animals.However，what he __4__ saw in the ocean was an awful lot of plastic waste.From that moment on，Slat dived into a __5__ to find a solution to this alarming problem.__6__ by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean，he __7__ his company at the age of 18.The idea was named one of the best __8__ of 2015 by Time magazine. After five and a half years' hard work，he launched the world's first ocean plastic clean­up system：System 001.The U­shaped pipe，about 609 metres in __9__，snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific Ocean.These floating barriers will capture(捕获)plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for __10__ every few months. According to Slat，if all goes according to plan，only 60 systems could __11__ the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025. __12__，there remains a problem：What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems？It's likely that lots of the waste will __13__ be recycled into more single­use plastic that ends up back in the __14__ .That doesn't mean Slat will __15__.“Big problems require big solutions.”he says.“If anyone has any better idea，I'd love to know.” 1.A.ran B.dropped C.studied D.grew 2.A.change B.improve C.suffer D.worsen 3.A.failed B.managed C.started D.expected 4.A.suddenly B.probably C.actually D.rarely 5.A.project B.book C.lake D.river 6.A.Troubled B.Amused C.Frightened D.Struck 7.A.left B.founded C.sold D.introduced 8.A.inventions B.results C.wishes D.barriers 9.A.width B.length C.height D.depth 10.A.burning B.burying C.recycling D.testing 11.A.increase B.reduce C.keep D.limit 12.A.Besides B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise 13.A.eventually B.certainly C.rapidly D.carefully 14.A.ships B.mountains C.dustbins D.oceans 15.A.give over B.give in C.give out D.give up Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024·惠州高二期中)Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 1.________ (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean. The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days，2.________ (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 3.________ is a senior engineer. For a long time, people focused 4.________ white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 5.________ (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years. Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 6.________ (design) and invent 7.________ new plastic. The research 8.________ (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity. China has given top attention to 9.________ (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 10.________(resolve) global pollution problems. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$