主题语境27 科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全-【创新教程】2026年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（话题版）

主题语境２７　科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神,信息安全　学生用书P３６４ Ⅰ．阅读理解 Shakespearedescribedsleepas “the main courseinlife􀆳sfeast,andthemostnourishing”． NewresearchsuggestsitmayalsobeakeynutriＧ entindefendingusagainstAlzheimer􀆳sdisease． PoorsleephaslongbeenlinkedtoAlzheimer􀆳s, buttherelationshipissimilartothechickenＧandＧegg puzzle．Itisn􀆳tclearwhichcamefirst．During deepsleep,thebrain producesslow electrical wavesandflushesoutneurotoxins(神经毒素)inＧ cludingamyloid(淀粉样蛋白)andtau (微管蛋 白),twoindicatorsofthedisease． Studieshaveshownthatevenonenightof terribledeepsleepcanleadtoanincreaseofamyＧ loid．A weekofdisruptedsleepcanraisethe amountoftau,whichisespecialyinsidiousbeＧ causeovertimeitcanstrangleneuronsfromthe insideout． AstudyintheAnnalsofNeurologyfound thatasleeppil caledsuvorexantcouldreduce amyloidandtauin middleＧagedadultswithno cognitiveproblems．ThetwoＧnighttrialshowed thatamyloiddropped１０％to２０％,andakey formoftau１０％to１５％inpeoplewhoreceiveda highdosecomparedtoaplacebo(安慰剂)group． Buttheseeffectsneedtobestudiedoverlonger periodsoftime－includinginolderadultsathighＧ erriskofAlzheimer􀆳s．Butthestudysuggests thatimprovingsleepqualityamong middleＧaged adultscouldhelpreducetheriskofdeveloping Alzheimer􀆳slaterinlife． Whathaspuzzledneurologists,however,is thatsomepeoplewithhighlevelsofamyloidwho mayappeartohaveAlzheimer􀆳sbasedonbrain scansnonethelessfunction normaly．NeuroloＧ gistsassumethatthisisbecausesomepeoplehave higherlevelsof“cognitivereserve．”whichenaＧ blesthemtofunctionnormalydespiteneurologiＧ caldamage．Butthere􀆳sanotherXfactor,which scientistshavestruggledtoidentify．Anewstudy suggestsitmaybesleep,andinparticulardeep sleep． “Thinkofdeepsleepalmostlikealiferaft thatkeepsmemoryafloat,ratherthan memory gettingdraggeddownbytheweightofAlzheimer􀆳s disease,”says Matthew Walker,aneuroscience professoratUCBerkeley． １．Whatistherelationship betweensleepand Alzheimer􀆳sdiseaseaccordingtothenewreＧ search? A．Inadequatesleep wilindicateAlzheimer􀆳s disease． B．Thedisease maybepreventedifwecan sleepwel． C．Neurotoxinsproduced duringsleepcause thedisease． D．Agoodsleepwilraisetheindicatorsofthe disease． ２．WhatcanweinferfromParagraphFour? A．It􀆳stooearlytousethesleepingpiltotreat Alzheimer􀆳s． B．It􀆳sadvisablethatadultsturntosuvorexant tosleepwel． C．Suvorexantisadesirablepiltoimproveour sleepquality． D．TheamountofAmyloidandtaudecreased duetoplacebo． ３．WhatisthemainideaofParagraphFive? A．Researchers􀆳greatconfusionaboutthehigh levelsofamyloid． B．LowlevelcognitivereserveresultinginabＧ normalbrainfunction． C．PotentialdeterminantsrelatedtothepossiＧ bilityofAlzheimer􀆳s． D．Neurologists􀆳assumptionaboutourbrain functionanddamage． ４．WhydoseMatthew WalkermakethecompariＧ soninhisremarks? A．Toadvocateahealthylifestyleamongadults． B．ToemphasizethesignificanceofsleepqualiＧ ty． C．TodemonstratethecrucialroleofourmemＧ ory． D．TodetailthedamagebroughtbyAlzheimer􀆳s． [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文.新研究表明,优 质睡眠尤其是深度睡眠,可能帮助抵御阿尔茨海 默病,通过清除大脑中的神经毒素.改善中年人 睡眠质量,有望降低未来患病风险,而深度睡眠的 作用如同保护记忆免受疾病侵袭的生命筏. １．B　[细节理解题.由文章第一段中“NewreＧ searchsuggestsitmayalsobeakeynutrientin defendingusagainstAlzheimer􀆳sdisease．(新 的研究表明,睡眠可能也是保护我们免受阿尔 茨海默病的关键营养素.)”可知,如果我们睡得 好,这种疾病就可以预防.故选B.] 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰９９４􀅰 第二部分　人与社会 ２．A　[推理判断题.由文章第四段“Astudyin theAnnalsof Neurologyfoundthatasleep pil ．．．amongmiddleＧagedadultscouldhelpreＧ ducetheriskofdevelopingAlzheimer􀆳slaterin life．”可知,虽然研究发现suvorexant能减少中 年人群中的淀粉样蛋白和微管蛋白含量,但这 些效果需要更长时间的研究来验证,特别是在 老年高风险人群中.因此,现在就推荐使用这 种安眠药来治疗或预防阿尔茨海默病还为时尚 早.故选 A.] ３．C　[主 旨 大 意 题.由 文 章 第 五 段 “Whathas puzzledneurologists,however,isthatsome people ．．．suggestsitmaybesleep,andin particulardeepsleep．”可知,第五段主要讲述 的是神经学家对于一些淀粉样蛋白水平高但认 知功能正常人群的困惑,以及除了“认知储备” 外,另一个尚未明确的因素———深度睡眠,可能 是影响这一现象的关键.因此,本段核心内容 是关于阿尔茨海默病可能性的相关潜在影响因 素.故选C.] ４．B　[推理判断题.由文章最后一段“‘Thinkof deepsleepalmostlikealiferaftthatkeeps memoryafloat,ratherthan memory getting draggeddownbythe weightof Alzheimer􀆳s disease,’says Matthew Walker,a neuroＧ scienceprofessoratUCBerkeley．(加州大学伯 克利分校的神经科学教授马修􀅰沃克说:‘深度 睡眠几乎就像一艘救生筏,让记忆漂浮在水面 上,而不是被阿尔茨海默病的重压拖垮.’)”可 知,马修􀅰沃克在他的评论中将深度睡眠比喻 为“维持记忆浮于水面的生命筏”,以此强调在 面对阿尔茨海默病这样病症的重压下,良好睡 眠特别是深度睡眠对维护记忆功能的重要性. 他的比喻是为了强调高质量睡眠的重要性.故 选B.] Ⅱ．语法填空 China􀆳sreusabletestspacecraftlandedsuccessfuly China􀆳sreusableexperimentalspacecraftreＧ turned to Earth on Friday morning after １．　　　　 (complete)its２６８ＧdayorbitaljourＧ ney,accordingtotheJiuquanSateliteLaunch Centerinthecountry􀆳snorthwesterndesert． Thetest􀆳s２．　　　　 (succeed)hasindicaＧ tedthatChina􀆳sreusablespacecrafttechnologies havematured,andtheywilprovideaconvenient and３．　 　 　 　 (afford)commuting (通 勤) methodbetweenouterspaceandEarth．TheroＧ boticspacecraft４．　　　　 (launch)byaLong March２FcarrierrocketattheJiuquancenteron Dec．１４． Itwastaskedwithverifying(验证)reusable technologiesand５．　　　　 (carry)outspace science experiments, laying a technological ６．　　　　 (found)forthe peaceful use of space,accordingtothecenter．Currently,only ChinaandtheUnitedStateshavereusablespaceＧ craft,whichwerefirstinitiated(发起)bytheUS in７．　　　　１９７０s． Inrecentyears,advancesinscienceandtechＧ nology have reignited(重 新 点 燃 )the space industry􀆳senthusiasm forreusablespaceships, ８．　　　　 (especial)roboticspaceＧplanessuch astheBoeingXＧ３７B,whicharesmaler,cheaper andlesscomplicated９．　　　　termsofdesign, productionandoperation． China􀆳sStateＧownedspacegroupshavebeen studyinganddemonstratingreusabletechnologies forthespaceprogramforseveralyears．Reusable spacecraftwilbecrucial１０．　　　　itcomesto aspacepower􀆳scapabilityandstatusintheinterＧ nationalspacecommunity． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道.报道了中国 可重复使用试验航天器在完成２６８天的轨道飞行 后成功返回地球的消息. １．completing　[考查非谓语动词.句意:中国可 重复使用的试验航天器在完成其２６８天的轨道 飞行后,于周五早上返回地球.空格处作介词 after的宾语,故用 动 名 词 形 式.故 填compleＧ ting.] ２．success　[考查名词.句意:这次试验的成功表 明,中国的可重复使用航天器技术已经成熟.根 据空前的“Thetest􀆳s”可知,空处应填名词作主 语,表示“成功”,是不可数名词.故填success.] ３．affordable　[考查形容词.句意:它们将为外太 空与地球之间的通勤提供一种便捷且经济的方 法.设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词 methＧ od,表示“负担得起的”,用afford的形容词afＧ fordable.故填affordable.] ４．waslaunched　[考查时态语态.句意:这个机 器人航天器是由长征２F 运载火箭于１２月１４ 日在酒泉中心发射的.分析句子结构可知,设 空处是句子谓语,根据“onDec．１４”可知,应用 一般过去时,主语theroboticspacecraft与谓语 动词launch之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的 被动语态.故填 waslaunched.] ５．carrying　[考查非谓语动词.句意:它的任务 是验证可重复使用技术并进行空间科学实验, 为和平 利 用 太 空 奠 定 技 术 基 础.分 析 句 子 可 知,设空处的词与前面的“verifying”一起做介词 with的宾语,用动名词形式.故填carrying.] ６．foundation　[考查名词.句意:它的任务是验 证可重复使用技术并进行空间科学实验,为和 平利用太空奠定技术基础.根据空前的“atechＧ nological”可知,空处应用动词found的名词形 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰００５􀅰 高考总复习　英语(H) 式,作laying的宾语,构成短语layafoundation for,为􀆺􀆺奠定基础.故填foundation.] ７．the　[考查冠词.句意:目前,只有中国和美国 拥有可重复使用的航天器,这些航天器是由美 国在２０世纪７０年代首先发起的.根据句意“在 ２０世纪７０年代”可知,空处需填冠词,构成短语 inthe１９７０s.故填the.] ８．especialy　[考查副词.句意:近年来,科学技 术的发展重新点燃了太空工业对可重复使用飞 船的热情,尤其是波音 XＧ３７B等机器人航天飞 机,这些航天飞机在设计、生产和操作方面更 小、更便宜、更简单.分析句子可知,空处应填 入副词作状语,表示“尤其是”,用副词especialＧ ly.故填especialy.] ９．in　[考查介词.句意:近年来,科学技术的发展 重新点燃了太空工业对 可 重 复 使 用 飞 船 的 热 情,尤其是波音 XＧ３７B等机器人航天飞机,这些 航天飞机在设计、生产和操作方面更小、更便 宜、更简单.根据句意“在设计、生产和操作方 面”可 知,设 空 处 应 填 入 介 词in 构 成 短 语in termsof,表示就􀆺􀆺而言.故填in.] １０．when　[考查连词.句意:当谈到太空大国的 能力和在国际太空社区的地位时,可重复使用 的航天器将至关重要.whenitcomesto．．．表 示“当谈到􀆺􀆺的时候.故填 when.] Ⅲ．读后续写 　　OntheeveoftheNewYear,Iwasshopping inalocalsupermarket,buyingsuppliesforthe festiveseason．Thestorewasfulofpeople,who werewrappedupintheholidayspirit．AfterIhad gatheredeverythingonmylist,Imademyway home,withaheartful ofexpectationforthe celebrationsahead． AsIwalkedthroughaquietparkInoticedan oldmansittingaloneonabench．Helookedtired andseemedtobeshakinginthecold．Hisclothes wereworn,andhiseyesheldadistantgaze,asif lostinthought．Thesightmovedmedeeply,and withoutasecondthought,Iapproachedhim． “Excuseme,sir,whathappenedtoyou?”I saidgently．Helookedatmeandsaid,“Nothing． I􀆳mjustmissingthosedayswhenIhadmyfamily withme．”Obviously,theoldmanlivedalone． Onthedaywheneveryonewascelebrating,he hadtosufferloneliness．Icontinued,“Wouldyou liketojoinmeintheNew Year􀆳scelebrationat myhome? It􀆳sgettingcoldouthere．”“Thank you,mydear,”hereplied,“butIhavemyown littleplace whereIliketobeonthisspecial night．” Irespected his wishes but wantedto do somethingtoensurehewasnotalone．Iaskedfor hisaddress,promisingtocheckonhimlater．He hesitatedforamomentbeforesharingitwithme． BackhomeIbusied myselfinthekitchen, preparinga hearty mealthatcould warm the soul．AsIcooked,Ialsopickedoutasmalgift, asoftwoolenblanketandaboxofhomemade cookies,hopingthey wouldbringtheold man comfort． Withthemealpackedinathermal(保暖的) containerandthegiftinhand,Isetoutforthe old man􀆳shome．Hishome wasasmal one, whichwasinaquietcornerofaneighborhood．I knockedonhisdoor,andwhenheopenedit,the surpriseonhisface wasevident．“Ihopeyou don􀆳tmind,”Isaid,“I􀆳vebroughtyousomedinＧ nerandsomethingtokeepyouwarm．” 注意:１．续写词数应为１５０个左右; ２．请按如下格式在相应位置作答. Theoldmaninvitedmeinwarmly． 　 　 　 　 　 Atlast,theold man wantedtogive me somethinginreturnformykindness． 　 　 　 　 　 　 [参考范文] Theold maninvited mein warmly．We spenttheeveningsharingstoriesandlaughter． Theroom wasdimlylit,butthewarmthofthe mealandthecompanymadeitthecoziestplace．I learnedabouthislifeandhisloveforthesimple joysthatlifeoffered．Ihandedhimthegiftand said,“Rememberthatyou􀆳renotalone．”His eyesweledup withtearsashethanked me． “You􀆳vegiven memorethanjustamealanda blanket,”hesaid．“You􀆳vegivenmethewarmth ofhumankindness．” Atlast,theold man wantedtogive me somethinginreturnformykindness．Hewalked towardsasmal drawer．Hecarefulyopenedit andtook outa beautifuly wrapped package． “Thisisawatchmyfamilygavememanyyears ago,”hesaid．“Ithasbroughtmemuchcomfort． Now,Iwantyoutohaveit．”Irefusedtoaccept thegift,buthekeptinsistingthatIdo．Finaly, Iaccepteditwithgratitude．AsIheldthewatch inmyhand,IunderstoodthetruepowerofhuＧ manconnectionandthelastingwarmththatcame from sharingthe momentsofcompassion and generositywithothers． 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀅰１０５􀅰 第二部分　人与社会