内容正文:
主题语境20 对社会有突出贡献的人物 学生用书P346
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
ForMireileKamariza,agraduatestudentat
oneofthe worldstop universities,thefight
againsttuberculosis(TB)(结核病),whichsickG
ensnearly10 milionpeopleayear,isnotjust
aboutscientificprogressandreputation.ItsperG
sonal.
Kamarizagrewupinthesmal AfricancounG
tryofBurundi,where manyaroundher were
strickenwithTB.InBurundi,itsrareforgirls
toattendcolege.“Sciencewassomethingthat
EuropeansandAmericansdid,”shesays.“Itwas
forotherpeople-notforme.”“Ineverdreamt
Kamarizawouldbecomeascientistbecauseitisa
careerpaththatisunknowninBurundi,”says
DeniseSinankwa,Kamarizas mother.Sheand
herhusbandwereraisingfourkids,andSinankG
waoftendidmultiplejobstofeedthefamily.But
Sinankwastil pushed Kamarizatodo wel in
school.ShewantedherdaughtertolandagoodG
payingjobandbeabletosupportherself.
WhenKamarizawas17,shewenttoSanDiG
ego,US,inthefalof2006withherbrothers.
Theytookvariousjobsatgrocerystores,restauG
rantsandshops.AtSanDiegoMesaColege,she
metSalouaSaidane,herchemistryteacher,who
wasafelowFrenchGspeakingAfrican.“ShestarG
tedmyjourneyintoscience.Sherealypushedme
andkeptmotivatingmeandtelingmeIshould
aimhigh.Whatevershetold me,Idid,”says
Kamariza.SheisnowagraduatestudentatStanG
fordUniversity.
KamarizawantedtofocusoninfectiousdisG
ease.SoshestartedbrainstormingwithherpartG
ner,anothergraduatestudent,tofigureouta
quicker waytodiagnose TB.Theyeventualy
cameupwithanewtestthatrecognisesasugar,
caledtrehalose,thatisonlyfoundinTBbacteria
(细菌).CurrentTBteststakealotoftimeand
effortandarenotverysensitive-someinfections
aremissed.TBculturesare morereliablebut
takesix weekstoproducearesult.Kamarizas
methodscould makeTBdiagnosessimplerand
moreaccurate.
In2018,HarvardofferedKamarizaaposiG
tioninitsSocietyofFelows.“Imthefirstblack
womanbiologistatthesociety,”shesays.“At
thatpoint,itsnotaboutmeanymore.Itswhat
Irepresent.”
1.WhatcanweinferaboutDeniseSinankwa?
A.SheoncegotinfectedwithTB.
B.Shedreamtaboutbeingascientist.
C.Shevaluedherdaughterseducation.
D.Sheencouragedherkidstostudyscience.
2.WhatdoesKamarizasayaboutSalouaSaidane?
A.Saidanehadabiginfluenceonher.
B.Saidaneseldomspokehighlyofher.
C.Saidanehadunrealisticexpectations.
D.Saidanewasunfriendlytoherstudents.
3.WhydidKamarizaworkwithherpartner?
A.ToshortenthetimeusedtocureTB.
B.ToproducemorereliableTBcultures.
C.TodevelopafastertesttodiagnoseTB.
D.TofigureoutthebacterialeadingtoTB.
4.Whatcan welearnfrom KamarizasexperiG
ence?
A.LuckoftenplaysavitalpartinscientificreG
search.
B.WeshouldpursueourpassionsdespitediffiG
culties.
C.Hard work does not necessarily pay
offeventualy.
D.Scientificprogressandthereputationmatter
equaly.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文.讲述了生于布隆
迪的 MireileKamariza通过努力成为一名科学家
并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病方法的故事.
1.C [推理判断题.根据第二段“ButSinankwa
stilpushedKamarizatodowelinschool.She
wantedherdaughtertolandagoodGpayingjob
andbeabletosupportherself.(但是Sinankwa
仍然督促 Kamariza在学校取得好成绩.她希
望女儿能找到一份收入不错的工作,能够养活
自己.)”可 知,DeniseSinankwa 重 视 女 儿 的
教育.]
864
高考总复习 英语(H)
2.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 三 段“‘Shestarted
myjourneyintoscience.Sherealypushedme
andkeptmotivatingmeandtelingmeIshould
aimhigh.Whatevershetoldme,Idid,’says
Kamariza.(‘她开启了我的科学之旅.她真的
鞭策我,不断激励我,告诉我应该志存高远.无
论她告诉我什么,我都照做了.’Kamariza说.)”
可知,Kamariza认为 SalouaSaidane对她影响
很大.]
3.C [细节理解题.根据第四段“Soshestarted
brainstormingwithherpartner,anothergraduG
atestudent,tofigureoutaquickerwaytodiG
agnoseTB.(因此,她开始与她的搭档,另一名
研究生,进行头脑风暴,找出一种更快的诊断结
核病的方法.)”可知,Kamariza要和她的搭档合
作是为了研发一种更快的结核病诊断方法.]
4.B [推理判断题.根据最后一段“‘Imthefirst
black woman biologistatthesociety,she
says.‘Atthatpoint,itsnotaboutmeany
more.ItswhatIrepresent.’(‘我是该协会的
第一位黑人女性生物学家,’她说.‘在那个时
候,一切都不再是关于我了.这就是我所代表
的.’)”结合文章讲述了生于布隆迪的 Mireile
Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了
一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事.可知,KaG
mariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重,我们应
该追求我们的激情.]
B
Ittookanilscreechowl(鸣角鸮)toteacha
scientistthevalueofupGcloseGandGpersonalstudy.
InhisHarvadtalk,CarlSafina,anecologist
andauthorofAlfieandMe:WhatOwlsKnow,
What HumansBelieve,recaledthatthechick
wasfounddyinginhisbackyard.Safinatookitin
andplannedtonurseitbacktohealthandthen
performrelease.Buttheowletsflightfeathers
didntgrowproperly.Safinadelayedtherelease.
Overthoseextendedmonths,Safinagottoknow
Alfieinwaysthatmovedandchangedhim.
“AnowlfoundmeandthenIwaswatching
‘anowl’,”hesaid.“ItwasnolongeranowlafG
terawhile,itwas‘she’becauseshehadahistoG
rywith me.Thislittleowl,whowaswith me
muchlongerthanIthoughtshewouldbe,beG
cameanindividualtomebythathistoryandal
thoseinteractions.”
Thebond with Alfiestrengthenedtothe
pointthat,whenshewasfinalyreleased,she
createdaterritorywithSafinashomeatitscenG
ter.SafinawasabletospendhourseachdayobG
servingherinthewoodsasshelearnedtotake
careofherselfinthewild,mettwomates,and
raisedchicksofherown.
Whenheheard Alfiecaling,Safinasaid,
hedcalbackandshedlandnearby.TheircloseG
nessalowed him tolearn morethingsabout
screechowls.Fieldguides,forexample,describe
twoknowncalsbutheidentifiedsix,someof
whichyouhavetobequiteclosetohear.ThereG
lationshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaonto
personalitydifferencesbetweenAlfieandhermaG
tes.
WhenpointedoutthathisapproachtoAlfie—inG
cludingtheactofnaming her—rancounterto
widespread scientific practice,Safina said he
wasntconcernedaboutviolating(违反)convenG
tion,particularlyifsomethinginterestinglikeinG
dividualpersonalitydifferencesamongowlscould
belearned.
TheexperiencecausedSafinatothinkmore
deeplyabouthumankindsrelationship withnaG
tureandthekindofpersonalconnectionhewas
abletofeelwithawildindividual.“WhatIlearnG
edfromAlfieisthatalsentient(有情感的)beG
ingsseekafeelingofwelGbeingandfreedomof
movement,”Safinasaid.“Thatsaguidetowhats
rightandwhatswrongtome.”
5.WhatdoweknowaboutAlfie?
A.ShedevelopedaclosebondwithSafina.
B.ShewasafictionalcharacterinSafinasbook.
C.SheintentionalylandedinSafinasbackG
yard.
D.Shewasdyingbecauseofthebrokenflight
feathers.
6.WhathappenedafterSafinareleasedAlfie?
A.AlfiechosetostaywithSafinaathishome.
B.They maintainedacontinouscommunicaG
tion.
C.Alfiemetmatesandraisedchicksbyherself.
D.Safinakepthisdistancefromhertoprevent
attachment.
964
第二部分 人与社会
7.WhatdidSafinaachieveinhisstudy?
A.Recordingsixdiferentcalsofthescreechowl.
B.Identifyingdifferenttypesofowlsbytheir
cals.
C.Learninghowtoreleaseowlsbackintothe
wild.
D.Understanding personality diferencesamong
owls.
8.How did Safinas experience with Alfie
impacthim?
A.HebecamemorefocusedonexploringnaG
ture.
B.Heinitiated hiscommitmentto wildlife
conservation.
C.Hedevelopedadeepappreciationforthe
welfareoflivingcreatures.
D.Hedecidedtoguidereaderstodistinguish
betweenrightandwrong.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.主要讲述了生
态学家 CarlSafina与一只名叫 Alfie的鸣角鸮的
故事,以及这段经历对他的影响.
5.A [细节理解题.根据文章第二段“Overthose
extendedmonths,Safinagottoknow Alfiein
waysthatmovedandchangedhim.(在那些漫
长的月份里,萨菲纳以一种感动并改变他的方
式了 解 了 阿 尔 菲.)”根 据 第 三 段 “Thislittle
owl,who was with me muchlongerthanI
thoughtshewouldbe,becameanindividualto
mebythathistoryandalthoseinteractions.
(这只小猫头鹰,它和我在一起的时间比我想象
的要长得多,通过那段历史和所有这些互动,它
成为了我的一部分.)”可知,Safina与 Alfie建
立了紧密的联系.]
6.B [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“Whenhe
heardAlfiecaling,Safinasaid,hedcalback
andshedlandnearby.(当他听到阿尔菲的叫声
时,萨菲纳说,他会回应,她就会降落在附近.)”
可知,他们保持了持续的交流.]
7.D [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“TherelaG
tionshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaonto
personalitydifferencesbetween Alfieandher
mates.(这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口,
让他 看 到 阿 尔 菲 和 她 的 伴 侣 之 间 的 性 格 差
异.)”可 知,Safina理 解 了 猫 头 鹰 之 间 的 性 格
差异.]
8.C [推理判断题.根据文章最后一段“‘WhatI
learnedfrom Alfieisthatalsentient(有情感
的)beingsseekafeelingof welGbeingand
freedomofmovement,’Safinasaid.‘Thatsa
guideto whatsrightand whats wrongto
me.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是,所有有情感
的生物都寻求幸福感和自由的移动,’萨菲纳说.
‘这对我来说是判断对错的指南.’)”可知,Safina
对生物的幸福产生了深深的欣赏.]
Ⅱ.完形填空
AmongthechaosofHurricaneFrancine,a
dramaticrescueunfoldedonlivetelevision.On
theeveningofWednesday,September11,Miles
Crawford,anoffGdutyemergencynurseinLakeG
view,Louisiana, 1 whenhelearnedsomeone
was 2 inasinkingpickuptruckinfloodwaG
tersjust200feetfromhishome.
Ataround8∶45p.m.,Crawfordreceiveda
(n) 3 textfromhisbrother,sayingthata
newscrewaccidentalycaughta(n) 4 scene.
Avehicledivedintoanearbycanalwiththedriver
stuckinit.
Withouthesitation,Crawford ran to the
5 . As Crawford approached the sinking
truck,apoliceofficertoldhimaboutthe 6
conditions.Despitethewarning,CrawfordquickG
lytook 7 intohisownhands.Atthesudden
realizationofthe 8 ofatooltobreakthewinG
dow,hedashed backto hishouseto graba
hammer.Whenhe 9 thechestGhighfloodwaG
tersandreachedthevehicle,thewaterhad 10
thedriverschin,andtimewasrunningout.
Crawford 11 themantomovetothebackof
thetruck,wherethewaterwas 12 shalower,
andbrokethebackwindowwithhishammer.
Hepuledthemanout,guidedhimthrough
thefloodwaters,andhelpedhimclimboverto
13 .Just10 minuteslater,thetruck 14
fulyintothewater.
CrawfordsaidhisbackgroundasanemergenG
cynursehelpedhimstay 15 throughoutthe
rescue.“Imusedtohighstressandhighlevelof
thingsonadailybasis,”hetoldnewsreporters.
1.A.jumpedattheoffer B.sprangintoaction
C.drewaconclusion D.rosetohisfeet
074
高考总复习 英语(H)
2.A.recognized B.filed
C.caught D.abandoned
3.A.unacceptable B.unbelievable
C.unavoidable D.unexpected
4.A.heartbreaking B.funGfiled
C.painstaking D.eyeGcatching
5.A.stage B.concert
C.scene D.theatre
6.A.unique B.stable
C.secure D.dangerous
7.A.claims B.matters
C.choices D.contributions
8.A.delivery B.control
C.need D.loss
9.A.workedout B.checkedout
C.lookedinto D.divedinto
10.A.attacked B.washed
C.reached D.damaged
11.A.appointed B.instructed
C.threatened D.promised
12.A.slightly B.typicaly
C.dramaticaly D.previously
13.A.comfort B.distance
C.square D.safety
14.A.bumped B.sank
C.colapsed D.exploded
15.A.calm B.fair
C.smart D.different
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了迈尔
斯克劳福德救出掉入水中卡车司机的故事.
1.B [考查动词词组辨析.句意:9月11日星期
三晚上,路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救
护士迈尔斯克劳福德 (MilesCrawford)在得
知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆
正在下沉的皮卡车困住后,立即采取了行动.
A.jumpedattheoffer欣然接受提议;B.sprang
intoaction迅速采取行动;C.drewaconclusion
得出结论;D.rosetohisfeet站起身来.由下文
“Withouthesitation,Crawfordrantothe 5 .”
可知,这里指克劳福德在知道卡车困在水中后
“迅速采取行动”.故选B项.]
2.C [考查动词词义辨析.句意:9月11日星期
三晚上,路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救
护士迈尔斯克劳福德(MilesCrawford)在得
知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆
正在下沉的皮卡车困住后,立即采取了行动.
A.recognized认出;B.filed填充;C.caught抓
住;D.abandoned遗弃.由下文“withthedriver
stuckinit”可 知,这 里 指 有 人 “困 于”车 里,be
caughtin,表“陷于”,符合句意.故选C项.]
3.D [考查形容词词义辨析.句意:晚上8点45
分左右,克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短
信,称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令
人心碎的场景.A.unacceptable不 可 接 受 的;
B.unbelievable难以 置 信 的;C.unavoidable不
可避免的;D.unexpected想不到的,意外的.由
下文“Avehicledivedintoanearbycanalwith
thedriverstuckinit”以及语境可知,这消息是
克劳福德“意外”收到的.故选 D项.]
4.A [考查形容词词义辨析.句意:晚上8点45
分左右,克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短
信,称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令
人心碎的场景.A.heartbreaking令人心碎的;
B.funGfiled 充 满 乐 趣 的;C.painstaking 刻 苦
的;D.eyeGcatching引人注目的.由下文“AveG
hicledivedintoanearbycanalwiththedriver
stuckinit”可知,这是一个“令人心碎的”的场
景.故选 A 项.]
5.C [考查名词词义辨析.句意:克劳福德毫不
犹豫地跑到了现 场.A.stage阶 段;B.concert
音乐 会;C.scene场 景,现 场;D.theatre剧 院.
由 下 文 “Crawford approached the sinking
truck”可知,这里指克劳福德到达了“现场”.故
选C项.]
6.D [考查形容词词义辨析.句意:当克劳福德
走近正在下沉的卡车时,一名警察告诉他危险
的情况.A.unique独 特 的;B.stable稳 定 的;
C.secure安全的;D.dangerous危险的.由下文
“Despitethewarning”可知,这里指一名警察告
诉他“危险的”情况.故选 D项.]
7.B [考查名词词义辨析.句意:尽管有警告,克
劳福 德 还 是 很 快 把 事 情 掌 握 在 自 己 手 中.
A.claims索 赔;B.matters 事 情;C.choices 选
项;D.contributions贡 献.由 下 文 “hedashed
backtohishousetograbahammer”可知,这里
指克劳福德把救人“事情”掌握在自己手中.故
选B项.]
174
第二部分 人与社会
8.C [考查名词词义辨析.句意:突然意识到需
要一个工具来打破车窗,他冲回家里抓起一把
锤子.A.delivery递送;B.control递送;C.need
需求,需 要;D.loss损 失.由 下 文 “hedashed
backtohishousetograbahammer”可知,这里
指“需要”用一个工具来打破车窗.故选C项.]
9.D [考查动词词组辨析.句意:当他潜入齐胸
高的洪水中到达车辆时,水已经到达了司机的
下 巴,时 间 不 多 了.A.worked out 算 出;
B.checked out 检 查;C.lookedinto 调 查;
D.divedinto潜入水中.由下文“thechestGhigh
floodwaters”以 及 语 境 可 知,这 里 指 克 劳 福 德
“潜入水中”准备救人.故选 D项.]
10.C [考查动词词义辨析.句意:当他潜入齐胸
高的洪水中到达车辆时,水已经到达了司机的下
巴,时间不多了.A.attacked攻击;B.washed洗
涤;C.reached达到;D.damaged损坏.由下文
“thedriverschin”以及语境可知,这里指河水
快“达 到”司 机 的 下 巴,司 机 快 被 淹 了.故 选
C项.]
11.B [考查动词词义辨析.句意:克劳福德指示
该男子移到卡车后部,那里的水稍浅,并用锤子
砸碎了后窗.A.appointed任 命;B.instructed
指示;C.threatened威胁;D.promised承诺.由
上文“thewaterhad 10 thedriverschin”可
知,水已经到达了司机的下巴,所以克劳福德
“指示”他去卡车后部以免被淹.故选B项.]
12.A [考查副词词义辨析.句意:克劳福德指示
该男子移到卡车后部,那里的水稍浅,并用锤子
砸碎了后窗.A.slightly稍微地;B.typicaly通
常;C.dramaticaly戏 剧 性 地;D.previously 先
前地.由下文“shalower”以及语境可知,这里
指卡车尾部水“稍微”浅一点.故选 A 项.]
13.D [考查名词词义辨析.句意:他把那个人拉
了出来,引导他穿过洪水,并帮助他爬到安全地
带.A.comfort舒适;B.distance距离;C.square广
场;D.safety安全.由上 文“Hepuledtheman
out”以及语境可知,这里指克劳福德把那个人拉
了出来并带他爬到“安全”地带.故选 D项.]
14.B [考查动词词义辨析.句意:仅仅10分钟
后,卡车就完全沉入水中.A.bumped撞到;B.
sank沉没;C.colapsed坍塌;D.exploded爆炸.
由上文“inasinkingpickuptruck”以及语境可
知,这里指10分钟后,卡车就完全“沉没”于水
中.故选B项.]
15.A [考查形容词词义辨析.句意:克劳福德
说,他作为一名急救护士的背景帮助他在整个
救援过程中保持冷静.A.calm 冷静的;B.fair
公平的;C.smart聪明的;D.different不同的.
由下文“Imusedtohighstressandhighlevel
ofthingsonadailybasis”可知,克劳福德习惯
于每天承受高压力和高水平的事情,所以在整
个救人过程中很“冷静”.故选 A 项.]
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华,你们班本周将举行一次英文
主题班会,介绍为人类做出突出贡献的人物.请
你写一篇短文,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.做出的贡献;
3.你的感想.
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答.
[参考范文]
TuYouyou
TuYouyouisagreatChinesemedicalscienG
tist.
Determinedtohelpthosesufferingfrom maG
laria,TuYouyoudevoted mostofhertimeto
findingthecure.Luckily,hereffortspaidoff.In
2015,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiG
ologyor Medicinefordiscoveringartemisinin,
whichisthekeytothetreatmentofmalaria.BeG
hindhersuccesswerenumerousfailuresandsetG
backs,butneverdidshegiveup.
Sogreatishercontributiontotheworldthat
shehasbecomeanidolofmanypeople,including
me.Inspiredbyherstory,IdecidetostudyharG
dersoastorealizemydream.
274
高考总复习 英语(H)