内容正文:
词块背诵 佳句赏析
1.halfwaybetweenAandB 在 AB之间
2.contrastdramaticaly 反差鲜明
3.sculptitslong,thinshape 塑成它细长的形状
4.giveitawildandnaturalbeauty
使它有荒野和自然的美
5.failtoimagine 难以想象
6.nativeinhabitant(s) 本地居民
7.existinperfectharmony withtheirnatural
habitat 与自然栖息地完美地和谐共存
8.teladifferentstory 讲述不同的故事
1.IavoidedinteractingwithanyonebecauseIwasafraid
theydlaughinmyface.
我避免与任何人交流,因为我很害怕他们会当面取
笑我.
2.Fromthatmomenton,Ifeltincreasinglyconfidentand
proudtosharemyviewswithothers.
从那时起,我越来越自信,很骄傲和别人分享我的
看法.
3.PutyourimperfectionsoutofyourmindandconcenG
trateon whatyouvalue withinyourself,andyour
beautywilshinethrough.
把你的不完美抛在脑后,关注自己内心所珍惜的东西,
你的美丽就会闪现.
学生用书 P8
[Part1 巧记课标单词]
写
作
单
词
|
悉
其
识
1.commentn. 评论
2.uniqueadj. 独一无二的
3.remindv. 提醒
4.typen. 类型,种类
5.unfamiliaradj. 不熟悉的
6.apartmentn. 公寓,套房
7.resourcen. 资料,资源
8.entrancen. 入口(处)
9.exitn. 出口
10.downstairsadv. 在楼下
11.negativeadj. 消极的
12.intendv. 计划,打算
13.awareadj. 意识到的
14.basevt. 以为基础
拓
展
单
词
|
通
其
用
1.behavevt.&vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behaviourn.行为;举止;习性
2.confusingadj.令人困惑的;难懂的→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusevt.使困惑→confusionn.困惑
3.reflectvi.思考vt.映射;反射;反映→reflectionn.反射;反映
4.createvt.创造;创建→creationn.创造(力)→creativeadj.有创造性的→creativityn.创造性
5.actualadj.实在的;实际的→actualyadv.实际地
6.formaladj.正式的→informaladj.非正式的
阅
读
单
词
|
明
其
义
1.titlen. 标题,题目
2.alarmn. 闹钟
3.subwayn. 地铁
4.highwayn. 公路
5.petroln. 汽油
6.contextn. 上下文
7.additionn. 增加物
8.misadventuren. 事故;灾难
9.oddadj. 奇特的
10.sculptv. 雕刻
11.throatn. 喉咙
01
[Part2 闪记核心短语]
1.burnup 烧毁,烧尽
2.comeacross 偶然发现
3.beawareof 意识到
4.filin 填写
5.commenton 对进行评论
6.havetrouble(in)doingsth. 在做某事方面有困难
7.speakof 提起,谈及
8.burndown 烧毁
9.haveafroginonesthroat 说话困难
10.windup 上发条;使结束
[Part3 速记经典句式]
典型句式 教材原句
1.过去分词短语作定语
Theoriginof“hamburger”wasahardbeefsteakcaled(称作)“HamG
burgsteak”,eaten(吃)withoutbread.
2.while作并列连词的用法 Americansliveinaflat,while(而)theBritishliveinanapartment.
3.here位于句首的完全倒装句
Hereare(这里有)someofourfavourites,toremindusthatsomeofthe
EnglishwelearnintheclassroomisratherdifferentfromtheEnglishin
theoutsideworld!
[Part4 积累联想拓展]
情感态度大全 “v.+down”短语集锦
①negative 消极的
②subjective 主观的
③objective 客观的
④positive 积极的
①settledown 定居;平静下来;专心于
②passdown 使世代相传;流传
③bringdown 使降低
④breakdown 分解;累垮
学生用书 P9
[核心词汇———逐点清]
1.opposingadj.(观点、意见等)相反的,相对立的
▶ [教材对接]
(1)If“hard”istheoppositeof“soft”,whyare
“hardly”and“softly”notanopposingpair?
如果“硬的(hard)”是“软的(soft)”的反义词,为什
么“几乎不(hardly)”和“轻柔地(softly)”不是一对
反义词呢?
①oppose
doingsth. 反对做某事
sb./sb.sdoingsth. 反对某人做某事{
②opposedadj.强烈反对的,截然不同的
beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Mostparentsopposeburdening(burden)their
kidswithtoomuchhomework.
[能力提升] 一句多译
许多老人反对为重建一个购物中心而砍掉这棵百
年老树.
(3)Manyoldpeopleareopposedtocuttingdown
the100GyearGoldtreeforrebuildingashopping
center.
(4)Manyoldpeopleopposecuttingdownthe100G
yearGoldtreeforrebuildingashoppingcenter.
2.confusingadj.令人困惑的
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Eventhesmalestwordscanbeconfusing.
即使最小的单词也可能令人困惑.
11
基础必备 必修第一册
①confusevt. 使迷惑(=puzzle);混淆
confuseAwithB 把 A和B混淆
②confusedadj. 感到困惑的(=puzzled)
beconfusedabout 对有疑问
③confusionn. 困惑,混乱
inconfusion 不知所措
[基础练通] 用confuse的适当形式填空
(2)(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)IthoughtmypronunciaG
tionwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmore
slowly,buthestillookedconfused.
(3)Becauseofconfusion,Meratthinkssomecar
makerswil waituntilvehiclescanbefulyautoG
matedwithouthumanoperation.
(4)Theprofessorwilbetoexaminespecificpointsthat
areconfusingtoyou.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)AsforBailey,sheismore
confusedaboutwhyheractisconsideredabig
deal.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldntleaveher,”
Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoG
ingtherightthing.”
至于Bailey,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为
是一件大事.Bailey告诉记者,“她只是在哭,我不
能丢下她,我觉得自己只是做了正确的事情.”
3.remindv.提醒,使想起
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Herearesomeofourfavourites,toremindus
thatsomeoftheEnglishwelearnintheclassroom
isratherdifferentfromtheEnglishintheoutside
world!
这里有一些我们特别喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们,一些
我们在教室里学的英语与外面世界的英语是很不
一样的!
①remindsb.ofsth.
提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事
remindsb.todosth. 提醒某人做某事
remind(sb.)that/how/what...
提醒(某人)
②remindern. 提醒人的事物
[语境练悟] 单句语法填空
(2)(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Neighborswilbringme
freshlymadecheeseandwilcometomydoorto
remindmetoclose(close)thewindowinmycar
whenrainiscoming.
(3)(2023全国甲卷)Thosetomatoeshadataste
thatreminded meoftheonesmyuncleusedto
growwhenIwasachild.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)Thisphotoalbumservesasareminderofthe
mostimportantmomentsofmylife.
这本相册可以用来提醒我生命中最重要的时刻.
4.intendv.计划,打算
▶[经典佳句]
(1)SheintendstodoAGlevelsandthengotouniG
versity.
她计划先参加高级考试,然后去读大学.
①intendtodo/doingsth. 打算做某事
intendsb.todosth. 打算让某人做某事
②beintendedfor 为打算或设计的
beintendedtodosth.为打算做某事而设计的
③intentionn. 意图,目的,打算
withan/theintentionof 打算
▶知识拓展
表示“打算做某事”的表达还有:begoingtodo
sth.;beabouttodosth.;plantodosth.;meanto
dosth.;aimtodosth.等.
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)TheTVprogrammeisintendedforchildren.
(3)Seeingtheboytrappedintrouble,sheintended
togive/giving(give)himahand.
[能力提升] 一句多译
(4)这个项目被设立了,打算帮助那些无家可归
的人.
Theprojectwassetupanditwasintendedtohelp
thehomeless.(并列句)
=Theproject,which wasintendedtohelpthe
homeless,wassetup.(非限制性定语从句)
=Theproject,intendedtohelpthehomeless,was
setup.(分词短语)
=Theprojectwassetup,withtheintentionof
helpingthehomeless.(介词短语)
5.beawareof意识到,察觉到;知悉的
▶ [经典佳句]
(1)Travelingabroad,youhadbetterbeawareof
culturaldifferences.
在国外旅行时,你最好了解文化差异.
①beawarethat... 察觉
②awarenessn. 知道;认识;意识
raiseonesawareness 提高某人的意识
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Schoolsshouldpaymoreattentiontocultural
educationsothatstudentsarefulyawareofthe
significanceofcultureprotection.
21
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
(3)Notal peopleare(be)awareofthevarious
effectsofglobalwarmingonEarth.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(4)Areyouawarethatyouhavehurthisfeelings?
你知道你伤害了他的感情吗?
(5)Thoughmostpeopleareawareofthedangers
ofsmoking,theyjustignorethem.
虽然大多数人都意识到吸烟的危害,但他们只是忽
略了这些危害.
(6)Ourgovernmentshouldtakeactiontoraisethe
awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.
我国政府应采取行动提高环境保护意识.
6.additionn.增加物,添加物
▶ [教材对接]
(1)Eachyear,manyadditionsaremadetoEnglish
dictionaries.
每年,很多增加的词汇被加入词典.
①inaddition 另外
inadditionto 除以外(还)
②addsth.tosth.把加到/进里
addupto 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
addto 增加,增添(多用于抽象意义)
addthat... 补充说
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)(2021北京卷)Inadditiontopracticalskils,
Pruittslessonsteachteamwork,encourageselfG
worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.
(3)(2022全国甲卷)Similarly,inItaly,neverask
forextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.
(4)(2024北京卷)Inaddition(add),youcanalso
mentionChinasroleinhelpingsolvingglobalisG
suessuchastheglobalwarming,offeringamore
comprehensiveview.
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)MyteachersaidIsetagoodexampletoalofmy
classmates.Healsoaddedthateveryoneshould
learnfromme.
我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样.他还补
充说每个人都应向我学习.
7.recognisev.认识,辨认出
▶[经典佳句]
(1)Theteenagerwasbraveenoughtosavethe
womanslifeandrecognisedasahero.
那个青少年足够勇敢救了这个妇女的性命,被认为
是一位英雄.
recognisesb.as/tobe 把看作
Itisrecognisedthat... 人们公认
recognitionn. 认出,认识
beyondrecognition 认不出来
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(2)Ihaventseenmyoldfriendformanyyears
andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition(recogG
nise).
(3)Irecognisedhisbookasamasterpieceofthe
author.
(4)Beingrecognisedinpublichasbroughther
muchtrouble,sosheisalwayswearingdarkglasG
sestoavoidrecognition.(recognise)
[能力提升] 句型转换
(5)Customervalueisrecognisedasthekeysource
ofcompetitiveadvantage.
→Itisrecognisedthatcustomervalueisthekey
sourceofcompetitiveadvantage.
[间考词汇———要知晓]
1.behaviorn.举止,行为
单句语法填空
(1)Theybehavedbadlytowards/totheguests,
whichmadeusverydisappointed.
(2)Muchtomysurprise,hebehavedasifnothing
hadhappened,andIwasquitepleasedwithhisbeG
havior(behave).
(3)Dontimaginethattheyl behavethemselves
(them).They wil nottaketheirdefeatlying
down.
2.reflectvt.映射;反射vi.&vt.思考
单句语法填空
(1)Whenthesunsrayshittheearth,alotofheat
isreflected(reflect)backintospace.
(2)Youshouldsetasidesometimetoreflecton/
uponyoursuccessesandfailures.
(3)(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)However,formaximizing
learning where mentalfocusandreflection(reG
flect)arecaledfor,educatorsshouldntassume
al mediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontain
identicalwords.
(4)(全国Ⅲ卷)Asthesmal boatmovedgently
alongtheriverhe wasleftspeechless bythe
mountainsbeingsilentlyreflected(reflect)inthe
water.
3.basev.以为基础
单句语法填空
(1)(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Mysuggestionistogroup
studentsbased(base)ontheirlanguageabilitiesor
toletstudentschoosetheirownpartners.
31
基础必备 必修第一册
(2)(2024全国甲卷)Doctorsseeupto150paG
tientseveryday.Thetrainsequipmentalowsfor
basic(base)checkups.
(3)(20221月浙江卷)Mychoicesarebasedon
thelifestyleIwant.
4.comeacross偶然遇到,偶然发现
选词填空
comeup,comeacross,comeabout,comeupwith
(1)(全国Ⅱ卷)ShestryingtocomeupwithalaG
beltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisecoG
friendly.
(2)Icameacrossagroupofchildrenplayingon
theplayground.
(3)Animportantquestioncameupatthemeeting
yesterday.
(4)Canyoutel mehowtheaccidentcameabout?
1.Americansliveinaflat,whiletheBritishlivein
anapartment.
美国人住在flat中,而英国人住在apartment中.
本句是并列句,while在此处作并列连词,连接两
个并列分句,表示对比.意为“但是,而”.while
还可作从属连词,引导状语从句,意为“当时
候”,“尽管”.用作名词时为“一会儿”.
[基础练通] 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
(1)(2023全国甲卷)Twothirdsofpeopleaimto
improvetheircomfortwhileathome.
当的时候
(2)(20241月浙江卷)However,whilesomeof
herclassmatesedgedahead,othersactualyfel
behind. 尽管
(3)(北京卷)FortheriskGseekers,apartofthe
brainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefor
therestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofear
becomeactive. 而,然而
(4)Asisknowntous,whilethereislife,thereis
hope. 只要
[能力提升] 完成句子
(5)GlobaldevelopmentoftenmeansthatrichpeoG
plegetricher,whilethepoorgetpoorer.
全球化发展常常意味着富人更富,而穷人更穷.
2.Herearesomeofourfavourites,toremindusthat
someoftheEnglishwelearnintheclassroomis
ratherdifferentfromtheEnglishintheoutside
world!
这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们,一些
我们在教室里学习的英语与外面世界的英语是
相当不同的!
本句是主从复合句.主句部分是完全倒装形式,
即系动词are位于主语someofourfavourites之
前;句中that引导的是宾语从句;welearninthe
classroom是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修
饰先行词someoftheEnglish.
完全倒装四条件:
①表示方位或时间的副词,如here,there,in,out,
up,down,away,now,then等或表示方位的介
词短语置于句首;
②谓语动词为 be、lie、come、go、stand等不及物
动词;
③句子的主语是名词.注意:若句子的主语是代
词,主谓不倒装;
④时态用一般现在时或一般过去时.
[基础练通] 完成句子
(1)Nextdoortooursliveaforeigncouple,who
seemtohavegotusedtolivinginChina.
我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇,他们看起来已经习惯
了中国的生活.
(2)Therelies(lie)alargewheatfieldinfrontof
thehouse.
房子前有一大片麦田.
[能力提升] 句式改写:将下列句子改为倒装句
(3)Anoldtemplestandsonthetopofthehil.
→Onthetopofthehilstandsanoldtemple.
(4)SomeofthemainaspectsoflifetodayarebeG
low.
→Belowaresomeofthemainaspectsoflifetoday.
3.Notonlycanyoupostspecificquestions,butyou
canalsobroadenyourknowledgebyreadingposts
fromotherEnglishlearnersaroundtheworld.
你不仅能发帖问具体的问题,而且还能通过阅读
世界各地的英语学习者的帖子拓宽你的知识面.
本句是notonly...butalso句式.
notonly...butalso...“不但而且”,连
接并列成分.
①用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调
后者,其意为“不仅而且”;其中的also
有时可以省略.
②若连接两个句子,且notonly位于句首时,not
only后面的句子要用部分倒装.
③若连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近
的主语保持一致.
[基础练通] 单句语法填空
(1)Notonlyyoubutalsohedonates(donate)
moneytothesehomelesspeople.
(2)Theyarenotonlyexperiencedbutalsopatient
andunderstanding.
[能力提升] 句型转换
(3)Inotonlylikethismovie,butmymotherlikes
itaswel.(变为倒装句)
→NotonlydoIlikethismovie,butmymother
likesitaswel.
41
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
学生用书 P12
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.ChildrenwatchwhatothersdocarefulyandimiG
tatethebehavior(举止)ofthoseclosesttothem.
2.Thiscityfiledwithunique(独特的)buildingsisa
cityforloversofhistory,architectureandfood.
3.Thenumberofcolegegraduatesinacountrycan
reflect(反映)itsculturalstandards.
4.—Howcanyouwakeupsoearly?
—Setthealarm(闹钟)at5:00andyoulmakeit.
5.Itmayseemthatgettingtwopeoplewithopposing
(相反的)viewstogethertodiscussthetopicleads
toadisaster.
6.Weforgottoexchangenumbers—now wecant
contact(联系)eachother.
Ⅱ.语境填空
1.Notonlyyoubutalsoheis(be)fondofthebook.
2.Hereare(be)sometipstohelpyou.
3.Shecameacrosssomeoldphotosinadrawer.
4.SheremindedTomtopay(pay)attentiontowhat
theteacherwassaying.
5.IdratheryoudidntmakeanycommentontheisG
suenow.
6.Ifyouareinterestedinit,letmeknowandIl
sendyoumoreinformation(inform).
7.MyChineseteacherisveryamusing(amuse)and
healwaysmakesuslaughinclass.
8.“Strictly(strict)speaking,thisisnotalowed,”
sheadded.
9.WewerehavingagreattimeandfeelingveryreG
laxed(relax).
10.Anabandoned(abandon)baby wasfoundina
boxonthehospitalsteps.
Ⅲ.选词填空
bebasedon,windup,comeacross,havetrouble
(in),burnup,beawareof
1.Whenwereadnewspapers,weoftencomeacross
suchEnglishwordsas“CCTV”and“PK”.
2.Ifyouwalkhome,yourbodywilburnupabout
100caloriesofenergy.
3.Icannotacceptanopinionofferedtomeunlessit
isbasedonfacts.
4.Touristsoftenappeartohavetrouble(in)breathG
inginthehighlands.
5.Smokersareawareofthedangerstotheirownhealth.
6.IthinkIshouldwindupthiseGmail.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我希望他在聚会上行为得体.
Ihopedhebehavedhimselfattheparty.
2.直到半夜雨才停下来.
Itwasnotuntilmidnightthatitstoppedraining.
3.房子外面站着一个男人,他穿着黑色雨衣和黑色橡
胶靴子.
Outsidethehousestoodamanwhowaswearinga
blackraincoatandblackrubberboots.
4.他的妈妈和爸爸都不会讲英语.
NeitherhismothernorhisfatherspeaksEnglish.
5.想要让他每天晚饭前做作业是很难的.
Itishardtogethimdoinghishomeworkbefore
dinnereveryday.
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇).
Englishisspokenasanoficiallanguageinmany
countriesanditvariesfromoneplaceto1.another.
Pronunciation,aswelasgrammarandvocabulary,is
likely2.tobe (be)different.Sometimes,thesame
wordhasslightlydifferentmeanings,3.whichcanbe
confusing.Thats4.whypeoplefromdifferentplaces
havetrouble5.understanding(understand)eachothG
er.Despitethe6.differences(different),thereare
stil manysimilarities.7.Actualy (actual),there
isntastandardform whicheveryonecanagreeon.
Thoughthereseemtobemany“Englishes”,people
8.speaking (speak)Englishwithdifferentaccents
9.are(be)abletounderstandeachother.ItiscomG
munication10.thatcounts,nomatterwhichtypeof
Englishitbelongsto.
51
基础必备 必修第一册
Ⅱ.话题微写作(投稿类)
你校英语报发起了“ExploringEnglish”的征文
活动.请你以此为题目,写一篇短文向报社投稿.内
容包括:
1.学习英语的重要性;
2.介绍自己学习英语的方法.
注意:1.词数80左右(题目和首句已给出,不计入词数);
2.尽量使用本单元知识点.
ExploringEnglish
LearningEnglishislikebeginningafascinating
journey.
[参考范文]
ExploringEnglish
LearningEnglishislikebeginningafascinating
journey.Englishiscrucialinourworld,opening
doorstocommunication,knowledge,andopportuniG
ties.TolearnEnglisheffectively,IadoptamultiG
facetedapproach.
Firstly,IimmersemyselfinEnglishlanguage
environments,suchasreadingEnglishbooksandarG
ticles,watching English movies,andlisteningto
Englishsongs.ThishelpsmeimprovemyvocabulaG
ry,grammar,andpronunciation.Besides,Ipractice
speakingand writingthroughlanguageexchange
platformsandwritingexercises.Thisenhancesmy
conversationalandwrittenskils.
Bycombiningthese methods,Icontinuously
improvemyEnglishproficiencyandembracetheopG
portunitiesthatcomewithit.
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(2)———“悲伤与消沉”
●[多样表达]
1.weepv.无声地流泪
2.sobv.啜泣,抽噎
3.sorrown.悲痛;忧伤
4.sadadj.难过的
sadnessn.悲伤,忧愁
5.griefn.悲痛
6.burstintotears突然大哭起来
7.oneseyesarefiledwithtears眼里噙满了泪水
8.withtearsinoneseyes眼含热泪
9.cryonesheartout悲痛欲绝
10.cryoneseyesout痛哭流涕
11.withaheavyheart怀着沉重的心情
12.falintodespair陷入绝望
13.beprettybrokenupabout对感到很伤心
14.withtearsstreamingdownonesface泪流满面
15.fightbacktears强忍住泪水
16.tearsrolingdownonescheeks泪流满面
17.tearswelupinoneseyes热泪盈眶
●[佳句观摩]
听到那个坏消息,这个小女孩悲伤不已.
概括描写:
Uponhearingthebadnews,thelittlegirlfeltexG
tremelysad.
细节描述:
1.Uponhearingthebadnews,thelittlegirlsheart
ached,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks(心痛,眼泪
直流).
2.Uponhearingthebadnews,thelittlegirl,numb
withgrief,hadtroublespeaking(悲伤到失去知觉,
不能开口说话).
3.Uponhearingthebadnews,thelittlegirlfelt
seizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldnthelpcrying
bitterly(被一股悲伤之感控制,忍不住哭泣).
●[好句仿写]
看到这个悲惨的场景,杰克很悲伤.
概括描写:
Seeingtheterriblescene,Jackfeltverysad/sorG
rowful.
细节描述:
1.Seeingtheterriblescene,Jackcriedhisheartout
(悲痛欲绝).
2.Seeingtheterriblescene,Jack wasimmersedin
sorrow(沉浸在悲痛之中).
3.WhenJacksawtheterriblescene,tearsroled
downhisface(泪流满面).
4.Seeingtheterriblescene,Jackfeltlikehe was
floatinginanoceanofsadness(感觉好像漂浮在悲
伤的海洋里).
61
高考总复习 英语(外研版)
学生用书 P14
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.Thegovernmentrecognisedhisoutstandingservice
bygivinghimamedal. v.表彰
2.Weweremuchalarmedbythefireintheforest.
v.惊慌
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreG
flecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauG
thenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosysG
tems,...” v.体现
4.(2024北京卷)Goodsocialhabitsdosomething
similarinasocialcontext. n.环境
二、一词多义———根据语境选出exit的含义
A.出口 B.退场 C.通道 D.退出
1.Theheroinemadeherexittogreatapplause.
B
2.Thereisafireexitoneachfloorofthebuilding.
C
3.Leavetheroundaboutatthesecondexit. A
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养———Topic:语言学习
◆真题文本 ◆真题再做
(2022新高考卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000
differentsounds,fromthecommon “m”and “a”totherare
clicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertain
soundsmorecommonthanothers? AgroundGbreaking,fiveGyear
studyshowsthatdietGrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonew
speechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworldslanguages.
Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnoted
thatspeechsoundscaledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,were
morecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.
NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversity
ofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.
Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof
ancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproG
ducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlip(嘴
唇)totheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite
structure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.
Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnected
withthedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Food
becameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidnthaveto
doasmuchworkandsodidntgrowtobesolarge.
Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthatthere
wasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthe
Neolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkably
duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestil not
foundinthelanguagesofmanyhunterGgathererpeopletoday.
Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatal human
speechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround
300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot
necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeG
ings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefind
todayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologiG
calchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemG
beroftheresearchteam.
1.Whichaspectofthehumanspeech
sounddoesDamiánBlasisresearch
focuson?
A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution.
C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.
2.WhywasitdifficultforancienthuG
manadultstoproducelabiodentals?
A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththan
lowerteeth.
B.They could notopen and close
theirlipseasily.
C.Theirjawswerenotconveniently
structured.
D.Theirlowerfrontteeth werenot
largeenough.
3.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?
A.Supporting evidenceforthereG
searchresults.
B.Potentialapplication ofthe reG
searchfindings.
C.AfurtherexplanationofthereG
searchmethods.
D.AreasonabledoubtaboutthereG
searchprocess.
4.WhatdoesSteven Moransayabout
thesetofhumanspeechsounds?
A.ItiskeytoeffectivecommunicaG
tion.
B.ItcontributesmuchtoculturaldiG
versity.
C.ItisacomplexanddynamicsysG
tem.
D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhuman
beings.
71
基础必备 必修第一册
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了
因为饮食的改变导致了在现在世界上一半的语言中
发现了新的语音.
1.D [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 文 章 第 二 段 中 的 “More
than30yearsago,thescholarCharles Hockett
notedthatspeechsoundscaledlabiodentals,such
as‘f’and‘v’,weremorecommoninthelanguaG
gesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateam
ofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniverG
sityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowand
whythistrendarose.”可知,DamiánBlasi的研究
重点是在语言的演变上.]
2.C [细节理解题.根据第三段中的“TheydiscovG
eredthatthe upperandlowerfrontteeth of
ancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),making
ithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby
touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,
ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making
iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.”可知,因为古代
成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音.]
3.A [主旨大意题.根据第五段中的“Analysesofa
languagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa
globalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafG
tertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof‘f’and‘v’
increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthouG
sandyears.Thesesoundsarestilnotfoundinthe
languagesofmanyhunterGgathererpeopletoday.”
可知,第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一
步证明研究结果.]
4.C [推理判断题.根据文章最后一段中“Theset
ofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyreG
mainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeG
ings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsounds
thatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinG
terplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturG
alevolution,”saidSteven Moran,a memberof
theresearchteam.可知,Steven Moran认为语音
是一个复杂的动态系统.]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.differentsounds 不同的声音
2.southernAfricanlanguages 南部非洲语言
3.frontteeth 前牙
4.aglobalchange 全球变化
5.thepopularview 流行的观点
6.remainstable 保持稳定
7.theresearchteam 研究小组
8.culturalevolution 文化进化
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.clickn. 咔哒声;(鼠标)点击;吸气声
2.labiodentalsn. 唇齿音
3.overbiten. (牙齿)覆咬合
4.jawbonen. 下颌骨
5.analysev. 分析;分解;化验
6.remarkablyadv. 引人注目地;明显地
7.overturnvt.&vi. 推翻
n. 垮台
8.interplayn. 相互作用
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横
线上)
1.rareadj.
A.稀少的 B.珍贵的
C.半熟的 D.极好的
①Itremainedanexceptionalyrarebookuntilit
wasreprintedin1918. A
②Ferrishasarareabilitytorecordherresultof
researchonpaper. D
2.trendn.
A.趋势 B.规范 C.风尚
①Oneregionisattemptingtoresistthetrendof
economicdecline. A
②Therecordhasalreadyprovedasuccessand
maywelstartatrend. C
◆长句缩写
AgroundGbreaking,fiveGyearstudyshowsthatdiG
etGrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeech
soundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworldslanG
guages.
[句式剖析] 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词
短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)
去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表).
A(groundGbreaking,fiveGyear)studyshowsthat
(dietGrelated)changes(inhumanbite)ledtonew
speechsounds(thatarenowfoundinhalfthe
worldslanguages).
[句子缩写] Astudyshowschangesledtonew
speechsounds.(不超过10个单词)
81
高考总复习 英语(外研版)