内容正文:
基础必备 选择性必修第二册
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS
学生用书 课时冲关22 P284
Ⅰ.阅读 A 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:“深海博士”打破记录
(2025河北沧衡名校联盟联考)AnassociG
ateuniversityprofessorinFloridahascompleted
hisresearchmissionandsetanew worldrecord
inthe process:living 100 days beneath the
oceanssurface.
Thatday,Dr.Joseph Diturifeltthesuns
raysforthefirsttimesincehebegantheproject
22feetbelowthewatersofKeyLargo,Florida,
onMarch1,2023.
Dituri,abiomedicalengineerwhoteachesat
theUniversityofSouthFloridaandcalshimself
“Dr.DeepSea”,spentjustoverthreemonthsat
thebottomoftheEmeraldLagooninJulesUnG
derseaLodge,theonlyunderwaterhotelinthe
UnitedStates.
Theresearchproject,ProjectNeptune100,
wasorganizedbythe KeyLargoGbased Marine
ResourcesDevelopmentFoundationandfocused
onoceanconservationresearchandstudyinghow
highpressureaffectsthehumanbody.
TheU.S.Navyveteransaidhednoticed
oneimpact:Thewaterpressureseemstohave
shrunkenhisheightbyhalfaninch.Dituristood
at6feet1inchtal beforestartinghismission,
theUniversityofSouthFloridastatedinanews
release.
Thescientistbegantheprojectwithabelief
thatincreasedpressurecouldhelphumanslive
longerand preventagingGrelated diseases,the
newsreleasesaid.DiturisaidhehopeshisunderG
waterresearchwilbenefitthetreatmentofavaG
rietyofilnesses,includingtraumaticbraininjuG
ries.
Diturialsousedtheprojectasaneducational
experiencefortheyouth.“Wehaveinteracted
withthousandsofschoolchildrentogettheminG
terestedinscience,technology,engineeringand
math,”DituritoldGuinness WorldRecordson
June8,2023.Whileunderwater,hecontinued
teachinghiscolegestudentsvirtualy.
DituribroketheGuinnessWorldRecordfor
longesttimelivingunderwateratthe74Gdaymark
ofhisproject,on May13,2023.Theprevious
recordstoodat73days,twohoursand34 miG
nutes,setatthesamelocationatDiturissucG
cessfulattempt.
1.WhendidDr.JosephDituriprobablyreturnto
thesurface?
A.OnMarch1. B.OnMay13.
C.OnJune9. D.OnJune19.
2.WhydidDr.JosephDituritakepartintheproG
ject?
A.Forscientificresearch.
B.Tochalengehislimits.
C.Forpersonalenthusiasm.
D.Toencouragegoodteamwork.
3.WhatdidDr.JosephDituriexpectoflivingunG
derwater?
A.Itdoesharmtohumanbody.
B.Itsaverypainfulexperience.
C.Itsthesameaslivingonland.
D.Itsbeneficialtohumanhealth.
4.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthe
text?
A.WhatIsLivingUnderwaterRealyLike?
B.CanHumansLiveUnderwaterfor100Days?
C.“Dr.DeepSea”InteractsWithChildrenUnG
derwater
D.“Dr.DeepSea”BreaksRecordforLivingUnderG
water
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.南佛罗里达州
大学副教授约瑟夫迪图里完成了一项在海面下
生活100天的研究任务,创下了新的世界纪录.
1.C [细节理解题.根据第一段中的“AnassociG
ate...living100daysbeneaththeoceanssurG
face.”可知,约瑟夫迪图里教授在海面下生活
了100 天;结合第二段中的“Dr.JosephDituri
felt...22feetbelowthewatersofKeyLargo,
Florida,on March1,2023.”可知,该项目开始
于3月1日,历时100天,即约瑟夫迪图里教
授在6月9日回到了陆地.]
2.A [细节理解题.根据第四段的关键表述foG
cusedonoceanconservationresearchandstudG
yinghowhighpressureaffectsthehumanbody
993
基础必备 选择性必修第二册
及第六段中的hisunderwaterresearch可知,此
项目的研究重点是海洋保护和高压对人体的影
响,而 迪 图 里 参 加 这 个 项 目 也 是 为 了 科 学
研究.]
3.D [推理判断题.根据第六段第一句“ThesciG
entistbegantheprojectwithabeliefthatinG
creasedpressurecouldhelp...said.”可知,迪
图里认为水下增加的压力有助于人类延长寿命
和预防衰老相关的疾病,即对身体健康有益.]
4.D [主旨大意题.通读全文,尤其是根据第一
段内容可知,“深海博士”完成了一项在海面下
生活100天的研究任务,并创下新的世界纪录,
下文具体介绍这一研究项目的意义和过程,由
此可知,D 项(“深海博士”打破水下生活纪录)
为最佳标题.]
阅读B 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:机器人担任教练
(2025辽宁名校联盟模拟)YoungmalezeG
brafinches(斑胸草雀)learntocommunicateby
listeningtoadults.Inthelab,researchershave
foundthatthesesongbirdscanlearnfromaudio
recordings.Butzebrafincheslearnbetterwhen
theylistentolivemalefinches,notesRalphSiG
mon.Hestudieshow animals makeand use
soundsattheNurembergZooinGermany.Simon
ispartoftheteamthatbuiltRoboFinch,arobotG
icsingingcoachforfinches.
Theresearchersrecorded videos ofadult
malestoanalyzehowtheirbeaks(喙)movewhen
theysing.Theythenprogrammedtheirrobotsto
copythosebeak movements.Finaly,thereG
searcherspaintedtheir RoboFinchesthesame
colorsastherealbirds.
Theteamdivided45youngfinchesintofour
groups.Some only heardrecordings offinch
songsplayedbyaspeaker.Otherslistenedwith
femalebirdsthatwerentsinging.RoboFinches
taughttheothertwogroupsofchicks.ThebirdG
songsplayedfromaspeakerrightbehindtheroG
bots.Andtherobotsbeaksmovedeitherinor
outofsync(协调)withthesongs.Thatalowed
theteam toinvestigate whetherbeakorhead
movementsaidsonglearning.
ThebirdshousedwithRoboFincheseventuG
alyspentmostoftheirtimeneartherobotsand
thespeaker.Duringthefirstweek,finchesliving
withaRoboFinchwhosesongwasinsyncwith
itsbeak motionsspent27percentoftheirtime
neartherobot.Thosecagedwitharobotplaying
songsoutofsynconlyspent5percentoftheir
timenearthesetupduringthefirstweek.FinG
chesthatheardonlytheaudiowithoutRoboFinch
orfemalebirdsspentevenlesstimearoundthe
sound source. Young finches partnered with
RoboFinchessanglesswhilethesongsplayed.
Thiswasespecialytruewhentherobotsbeaks
movedinsyncwiththesongs.Thosepairedwith
afemalealsosanglesswhilehearingsongs.The
youngfinchesseemedtopaycloseattentionto
therobotsmovementsduringtrainingsessions.
SimonhopesresearcherswiladaptthisapG
proachtobuildingrobotsofotherspecies,too.
5.Whosesongdidtheresearchersrecord?
A.Youngfinches.
B.RoboFinches.
C.Adultmalefinches.
D.Adultfemalefinches.
6.HowdidtheresearchersdividethesubjectfinG
ches?
A.Byhowfasttheylearn.
B.Bywheretheywerekept.
C.Byhowtheyreacttotherobot.
D.Bywhattheyareaccompaniedwith.
7.Withwhatdidthefinchesperformbestinthe
research?
A.Speakers.
B.Arecorderplayingthesongs.
C.Femalefincheskeepingsilent.
D.RoboFinches movingtheir beakstothe
songs.
8.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?
A.RoboFinchesAreUsedasSingingCoaches
B.MachineLearningIsAdaptedtoBuildingRobots
C.YoungFinchesCommunicateThroughBeakMoveG
ments
D.ResearchersDiscoveredHowFinchesMake
andUseSounds
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.研究人员发
现,年轻的雄性斑胸草雀通过听成年鸟的叫声来
学习交流,因此他们使用鸟形机器人来担任唱歌
教练教年轻斑胸草雀学鸟鸣.
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高考总复习 英语
5.C [细节理解题.根据第二段第一句“ThereG
searchersrecordedvideosofadultmalestoanaG
lyzehow theirbeaks(喙 )move whenthey
sing.”可知,研究人员通过录制成年的雄性斑胸
草雀啼鸣的视频来进行分析.]
6.D [推理判断题.根据第三段内容可知,一组
斑胸草雀和扬声器一起,一组斑胸草雀和雌鸟一
起,另外两组和鸟形机器人一起,由此可推知,研究
人员根据结伴者将这些鸟分成了四组.]
7.D [推理判断题.根据第四段内容可知,跟喙
部动作与叫声协调一致的鸟形机器人结伴的那
组斑胸草雀有27%的时间是和机器人在一起
的,是这四组中比例最高的,即表现最好.]
8.A [主旨大意题.通读文章可知,本文主要介
绍了一项研究,在此研究中,团队成员使用鸟形
机器人教斑胸草雀学鸟鸣,故 A 项(鸟形机器人
担任唱歌教练)为最佳标题.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题:人与自我 体裁:说明文 话题:离开舒适区的方法
WaystoStepOutofYourComfortZone
Theresnotalotofroomforadventureand
excitementinyourcomfortzone.Toaddalittle
excitementtoyourlife,itsimportanttotrynew
andsometimesscarythings. 1 ,facingunfaG
miliarchalengescanmakeyouhappierandmore
fulfiledinthelongrun.
● 2 .
Thinkaboutafewthingsthatscareyouor
makeyounervous.Writethemdowninalist,
andputastarnexttotheoneyouwanttostart
with.Youcanhandletheotherslater.Rather
thanjustthinkingaboutit,comingupwithspeG
cificideasforcesyoutoputtheseplansin moG
tion.
●Turneverydayintoalearningexperience.
3 .Lookateachdayasachanceforyou
tolearnsomethingnew.Thiscanonlyhappenif
youresteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.You
candothisbyalwaysmakinganefforttofind
waystogrow.Youneverknowwhatyoullearn
abouttheworldwhenyouexploredifferentsides
ofit!
●Thinkpositivelytoovercomefear.
Regardchalengesaschancestogrow.The
biggestbarrierkeepingyoufromsteppingoutof
yourcomfortzoneisfear,especialyfearoffailG
ure. 4 ,justthinkofsteppingoutsideyour
comfortzoneasopportunities.Youmayberight
aroundthecornerfromchangingyourlifeforthe
better.
●Turntoyourfriendsforsomeaddedsupport.
Doingsomethingnewalonecanbeevenmore
chalenging.Theresnoreasonyoucantrelyon
friendsorfamilytohelpyougetoutofyourcomG
fortzone! PicksomeonewhosnaturalyadvenG
turoustobeyourpartnerintryingnewexperiG
ences. 5 .
A.Pickchalengingactivities
B.Dosomeresearchtogetmoreinformation
C.Changethewayyouviewyourdaytodaylife
D.Insteadoffocusingonthepossibilityoffailure
E.Unlessyouvesteppedoutofyourcomfortzone
F.Thoughgettingoutsideofyourcomfortable
boxmaybetoughatfirst
G.TheycanmakeyoufeelmorecomfortableexG
ploringtheunfamiliarfield
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文.文章主要介绍4条
离开你的舒适区的方法.
1.F [根据下文“facingunfamiliarchalengescan
makeyouhappierandmorefulfiledinthelong
run.(面对不熟悉的挑战,从长远看可以让你更
快乐,更充实.)”可知,这里建议人们去挑战不
熟悉的事情.选项F“尽管走出你的舒适区可能
刚开 始 有 点 难”和 下 文 正 好 构 成 转 折 关 系,
“toughatfirst”和“happierandmorefulfiledin
thelongrun”形成对比.]
2.A [空处是段落标题.根据下文“Thinkabout
afewthingsthatscareyouormakeyounervG
ous.(想 一 些 让 你 害 怕 或 者 紧 张 的 事 情.)”可
知,这里作者建议去参加一些让你害怕或者紧
张的活动.选项 A“挑有挑战的活动.”和下文
意思一致.]
3.C [根据下文“Lookateachdayasachance
foryoutolearnsomethingnew.(把每一天都看
成是学习新东西的机会.)”可知,这里作者建议
改变一下看待每一天的态度.选项 C“改变一
下你看待你每天的生活的方 式.”和 下 文 意 思
一致.]
4.D [根据下文“justthinkofsteppingoutside
yourcomfortzoneasopportunities.Youmay
berightaroundthecornerfromchangingyour
lifeforthebetter.(仅仅把走出舒适区看作是
机会.你 也 许 就 在 把 生 活 变 成 更 好 的 转 角
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基础必备 选择性必修第二册
处.)”可知,这里作者是建议人们要积极看待走
出舒适区.选项 D“不要集中在失败的可能性
上.”和下文意思一致.]
5.G [根据上文“Picksomeonewhosnaturaly
adventuroustobeyourpartnerintryingnew
experiences.(选择一个有冒险精神的人作为你
尝试新体验的伙伴.)”可知,这里作者建议走出
舒适区时和一个伙伴一起去.选项 G“他们可
以让你在探索不熟悉的区域时更加的舒服.”和
上文意思一致.]
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题:人与社会 体裁:说明文 话题:中国十大科技成就
Chinaunveiled(公布)alistofthecountrys
top10scientificachievementsfor2022.ItfeaG
turedbreakthroughsinbasicresearch1.
(range)fromspacesciencetoagriculture.China
completedtheinGorbitconstruction2.
itsspacestation,withtwo mannedspaceships
andtwo20GtonneGlevellabmodules3.
(send)intoorbit.TheFiveGhundredGmeterAperG
tureSphericalRadio Telescope (FAST),also
knownasthe“ChinaSkyEye”,achievedanumG
berof4. (discovery),includinganew
repeatingfastradioburstitdetected.In OctoG
ber,China5. (launch)asolarexploraG
tionsatelitecaledKuafuG1intospacetosettle
themysteriesofthesun,producing6.
(it)firstsolarimageinNovember.
Inthefieldofagriculture,ChineseresearchG
ersidentifiedyieldGrelatedgenesincornandrice,
7. alowedfortheirgrainoutputtobe
increasedbyabout10percentand8percent,reG
spectively.
Thelistofthecountrystop10scientificadG
vancesfor2022wasthe8. (twentyG
nine)annualeventofitskind.Thegoalofthe
listwastoshowcaseChinas9. (late)
achievementsofbasicresearchinsomefundaG
mentalfields10. encourageChinesesciG
entistsandengineerstoworkhardforachieving
qualityselfGrelianceinscienceandtechnology.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章介绍了
2022年度中国科学十大进展榜单.
1.ranging [考查非谓语动词.句意:它在从空间
科学到农业的基础研究方面取得了突破.分析
句子结 构 可 知,设 空 处 应 用 非 谓 语 动 词.reG
search与range之间是主动关系,应用现在分词
形式.故填ranging.]
2.of [考查介词.句意:中国完成了空间站在轨
建设,两艘载人飞船和两个20吨级实验舱送入
轨道.分析 句 子 结 构 可 知,construction 与its
spacestation之间是所属关系,应用介词of.故
填of.]
3.sent [考查非谓语动词.句意同上题.分析句
子结构可知,此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构.
宾语与send之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形
式.故填sent.]
4.discoveries [考查名词的数.句意:500米口
径球面射电望远镜(FAST),也被称为“中国天
眼”,取得了许多发现,包括它探测到的一个新
的重复快速射电暴.anumberof“许多”,后接
可数名词的复数形式.故填discoveries.]
5.launched [考查动词的时态.句意:在10月,
中国向太空发射了一颗名为“夸父一号”的太阳
探测卫星,以揭开太阳的神秘面纱,并于11月
拍摄了第一张太阳图像.根据时间状语InOcG
tober可知,本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过
去时态.故填launched.]
6.its [考查代词.句意同上题.分析句子结构
可知,应用形容词性物主代词修饰solarimage.
故填its.]
7.which [考查定语从句.句意:农业领域中,中
国研究人员在玉米和水稻中发现了与产量相关
的基因,这使得它们的粮食产量分别增加了约
10%和8%.分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非
限制性定语从句.genesincornandrice是先
行词,从句中缺少主语,应用 which引导非限制
性定语从句.故填 which.]
8.twentyGninth [考查数词.句意:2022年度中
国科学十大进展榜单是第29届此类年度活动.
根据定冠词the和句意可知,此处表示“第29
届”,应用序数词形式.故填twentyGninth.]
9.latest [考查比较等级.句意:该榜单的目的
是展示中国在一些基础领域的最新基础研究成
果,并鼓励中国科学家和工程师努力实现科学
技术的质量自主.根据句意可知,此处表示“最
新的基础研究成果”,应用形容词最高级形式.
故填latest.]
10.and [考查连词.句意同上题.根据设空处
前 “showcase Chinas9. (late)
achievementsofbasicresearchinsomefundaG
mentalfields”和 设 空 处 后“encourageChinese
scientistsandengineerstoworkhardforachieG
vingqualityselfGrelianceinscienceandtechnolG
ogy”可知,设空处前后是并列关系,应用并列连
词.故填and.]
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高考总复习 英语