内容正文:
UNIT4 NATURALDISASTERS
学生用书 课时冲关5 P235
Ⅰ.阅读 A 主题:人与自然 体裁:新闻报道 话题:历史最高气温
LONDON—TheU.K.recordeditshighestG
evertemperaturesTuesdaywithreadingsofover
104degreesFahrenheit,asaheatwavescorched
thenationandcausedfiresaroundthecapital.
Duringtheday,atleast34placesacrossthe
countrybrokethepreviousrecord.Severalblazes
brokeoutacrossLondon—includingalargefire
inaresidentialarea.LondonMayorSadiqKhan
saidonTwitterthatthefirebrigadewasunder“imG
mensepressure,”andwarnedcitizenstostaysafe.
Tuesdayhasbeenthesecondsuccessiveday
ofextremely hot weatherinthenation.The
U.K.governmenthasdeclaredanationalemerG
gency,whilethenationalmeteorological(气象的)
service,theMetOffice,starteditsfirstGever“red
extremeheatwarning”acrossEngland.
Nationwide,schools and summer camps
haveclosed,hospitalshavecanceledroutinevisits
andtransporthasbeen disrupted,with many
railwaysandtheLondonsubwaysystemurging
customerstostayathome.
Theheatwarped(使变形)runwaysatU.K.
airportson Monday,forcing Luton Airportto
stopalflightsuntilearlyevening.TheMetofG
ficehaswarnedagainstmeltingasphalt(沥青)on
roadsandhasadvisedcitizensnottotravel.
“Inthiscountrywereusedtotreatingahot
spelasachancetogoandplayinthesun,”said
PennyEndersby,chiefexecutiveattheMetOfG
fice,inapressrelease.“Thisisnotthatsortof
weather.”
Scientistshavewarnedthatclimatechangeis
likelytomakeweatherofthisseveritymorecomG
mon.DrFriederikeOtto,aclimatescientistat
ImperialColegeLondon,said,“Itwouldhave
beenalmostimpossibletoseetemperaturesof40
degreesinLondonwithoutclimatechange.”
1.Whatdoestheunderlined word “scorched”
meaninthefirstparagraph?
A.Flooded. B.Blew.
C.Burned. D.Warmed.
2.WhatdoweknowabouttheheatinU.K.acG
cordingtothepassage?
A.Nomorethan34placesbroketheprevious
temperaturerecord.
B.Tuesdaywasthefirstdayofextremelyhot
weatherinthecountry.
C.Thehighesttemperaturereadingswasover
104degreesCelsius.
D.SomefiresbrokeoutinLondonbecauseof
theburningweather.
3.WhyhastheMetofficeadvisedcitizensnotto
travel?
A.BecausetheheatdamagedrunwaysatU.K.
airports.
B.BecauseofthefirstGeverredextremeheat
warning.
C.BecausethefirebrigadewasunderbigpresG
sure.
D.Becausetheawfulheathasmeltedasphalt
onroads.
4.Whatcan welearnfrom whatDrFriederike
Ottosaid?
A.Londonersareusedtoplayingoutsideinthe
sun.
B.Climatehaschangedandcaused burning
weather.
C.Thiskindofclimateislesslikelytohappen
again.
D.ThisweatherisnotsuitabletooutdoorsacG
tivities.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道.文章报道了
英国伦敦周二创下有史以来最高气温一事,并讲
述了其不利影响.
1.C [词 义 猜 测 题.根 据 第 一 段 和 第 二 段 的
“SeveralblazesbrokeoutacrossLondon—inG
cludingalargefireinaresidentialarea.”可知,
由于英国天气炎热,伦敦发生了一些火灾.由
此推知热浪烧焦了整个国家.scorched在此处
意为“燃烧,烧焦”.]
2.D [细节理解题.根据第一段的“LONDON—
TheU.K.recordeditshighestGevertemperaG
turesTuesdaywithreadingsofover104deG
023
高考总复习 英语
greesFahrenheit”和 第 二 段 的 “Severalblazes
brokeoutacross London—includingalarge
fireinaresidentialarea.”可知,由于英国天气
炎热,伦敦发生了一些火灾.]
3.D [细节理解题.根据第五段的“TheMetofG
ficehaswarnedagainstmeltingasphalt(沥青)
onroadsandhasadvisedcitizensnottotravG
el.”可知,因为酷热融化了道路上的沥青,所以
英国气象局建议市民不要出行.]
4.B [细节理解题.根据最后一段的 DrFriedG
erikeOtto说的话“Itwouldhavebeenalmost
impossibletoseetemperaturesof40degreesin
Londonwithoutclimatechange.”可知,是因为
气候发生了变化,才导致了炎热的天气.]
阅读B 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:干旱带来的问题
(2025河南信阳统考)Thissummerhas
broughtextreme heatand droughtsto places
aroundtheworld.ThedroughtsareleadingtoseG
riousproblemsandtheeffectsofthedroughtsare
likelytobefeltforyears.Droughtsarentnew,
butEarthsrisingtemperaturesbecauseofglobal
warmingaremakingthemmuchhardertoavoid.
ThedroughtintheHornofAfricamaybe
themostserioussituation.Forseveralyears,the
areahashadverylittlerainduringtherainyseaG
sons.Thedryconditionshavekiled milionsof
farmanimalsanddestroyedthecropsoffarmers.
Thedroughtiscausingenergyproblemsin
Europe,too.Thelow waterlevelshavecutthe
amountofhydroelectricpowerthatcanbeproG
duced.Someriversaresolow thattheheavy
boatsthatcarrycoalcanttravelonthem.
FarmersinCaliforniaandArizonahavebeen
hitparticularlyhard.Californiahasputlimitson
wateruseacrossthestate.Now waterisbeing
limitedinotherplaces.WhentherearewaterlimG
its,farmersarentabletogrowasmanycrops.That
candriveupfoodprices,andthatafectseveryone.
Chinaisfacingsimilarproblems.Thedroughthas
driedupmuchofthewaterintheYangtze,Chinas
longestriver.Thathascuttheamountofenergy
producedbytheworldslargestdamby40%.
Chinahasntbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,
sincemilionsofpeopleareusingelectricityto
keepcool.ThegovernmentiscalingonthepubG
lictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitisnot
toohot.Thecountryistryingtomakeitrainby
shootingchemicalsintoclouds.ButthisisanunG
certainandtemporaryresponse.
Therearenoeasysolutionstoanyofthese
droughts.IttookyearstocreatetheclimatecriG
sis,anditwiltakealongtimetogetitunder
control.Fornow,governmentsandpeoplewilneed
tocarefulymanagewatersuppliesandotherresources
tolimitthedamageasmuchaspossible.
5.Whathasbeenaffectedbydroughtsaccording
tothepassage?
A.Technology. B.Transportation.
C.Education. D.Tourism.
6.Whatmeasureshavebeentakentodealwith
droughtsinChina?
A.Bringingwaterfromothercountries.
B.Findingreplacementforrainwater.
C.Limitingtheuseofdrinkingwater.
D.Controlingtheuseofelectricity.
7.How mighttheauthorfeelaboutthefight
againstdrought?
A.Concerned. B.Satisfied.
C.Disappointed. D.Optimistic.
8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WorldwideDroughtsAppearedasNewProblems
B.ChinaIsalsoFacingtheSeriousDroughtProblem
C.DroughtsCauseProblemsAroundtheWorld
D.ManyReasonsLeadtotheDroughtProblem
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文.文章介绍了干旱给
世界各地带来的问题.
5.B [细节理解题.根据第三段中“Thedrought
iscausingenergyproblemsinEurope,too.The
lowwaterlevelshavecuttheamountofhydroG
electricpowerthatcanbeproduced.SomerivG
ersaresolowthattheheavyboatsthatcarry
coalcanttravelonthem.(干旱也给欧洲带来
了能源问题.低水位减少了可生产的水力发电
量.有些河流水位很低,载煤的重型船只无法
在上面航行.)”可知,干旱导致有些河流水位降
低,从而影响运输.]
6.D [细节理解题.根据倒数第二段中“China
hasntbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,
sincemilionsofpeopleareusingelectricityto
keepcool.Thegovernmentiscalingonthe
publictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitis
nottoohot.(中国一直无法生产足够的能源,因
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基础必备 必修第一册
为数百万人都在使用电力来降温.政府呼吁公
众在天气不太热的时候关掉空调.)”可知,中国
通过控制用电来应对干旱.]
7.A [推理判断题.根据最后一段中“Thereare
noeasysolutionstoanyofthesedroughts.It
tookyearstocreatetheclimatecrisis,andit
wiltakealongtimetogetitundercontrol.
(这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法.气候危机的
产生历时多年,要控制气候危机也需要很长时
间.)”可推知,作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧.]
8.C [主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章介绍了
干旱给非洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中
国等多地带来的问题,由此推知“干旱在世界各
地造成问题”是文章最佳标题.]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:飓风中的安全
HurricaneseasoncanbewildandunpredictG
able. 1 Herearesomewaysyoucanbeefup
yourhomesecurityinhurricaneweather,evenif
youneedtomoveout.
2 Thatactualydoesnothingtoensure
yoursafetyinthepowerfulwinds.Stickingto
hurricanesheltersorplywood(胶合板)istheonG
lywaytogowhenitcomestoprotectingthose
points ofentryin hurricane conditions.Buy
sheetsofplywood,measureyourwindowsand
usebrackets(支架)toholdtheplywoodinplace.
Sandbagsareveryuseful.Whilesandbags
wontbeabletohelpintheextremestorm,many
peoplewilbeabletopreventfloodingandextenG
sivedamagetotheirbelongingsbyplacingsandG
bags. 3 Anystormwaterthatiskeptoutof
yourhomeisstorm waterthatwontbeableto
damagethe belongingsinside your home,so
sandbagsarewelworthhavingatyourdoorways
duringahurricane.
Itsimportanttopreparetheinsideofyour
homeforstrongwindsandrain.Butyoushould
alsokeepaneyeontheoutsideofyourhouse,
too.Trim(修剪)trees,especialydeadbranches,
topreventanythingelsethatcouldflythrougha
windowandcausedamageduringahurricane. 4
Youshouldalsotakepicturesofexpensive
itemslikeelectronicsandkeepnotesoftheirseriG
alnumbers. 5 Also,therearealwaysbad
peopleoutrightafterastorm.IftheworsthapG
pensandyourhomeisbrokenintorightaftera
badstorm,havingpicturesanddetailednotes
aboutwhatwasinyourhomepriortothehurriG
canewil makeiteasierforpolicetotrackdown
stolenitems.
A.Youshouldhaveacameraathome.
B.Itcanbestrongenoughtoresisttheforceful
winds.
C.Makingsurenothingislooseinyouryardis
important.
D.Youmayseepeopletapingwindowsbeforea
hurricanecomes.
E.TheywilbeabletoeffectivelykeepstormwaG
teroutinmanycases.
F.ItwilaidwithyourinsurancecompanyifanyG
thingneedstobereplaced.
G.Thesedangerousstormscanbringdamageto
yourhomeandbelongings.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.文章提供了一些
在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法.
1.G [根据前文“Hurricaneseasoncanbewild
andunpredictable.”和 后 文 “Herearesome
waysyoucanbeefupyourhomesecurity...”
可知,空处承上启下,应描述飓风会对生命财产
造成损害.]
2.D [根据后文“Thatactualydoesnothingto
ensureyoursafetyinthepowerfulwinds.”可
知,That是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的保
护措施,所以选项 D“你可能会看到人们在飓风
到来之前用胶带贴窗户.”切合文意.]
3.E [根据后文“Anystorm waterthatiskept
outofyourhomeisstormwaterthatwontbe
ableto damagethe belongingsinside your
home,sosandbagsare wel worthhavingat
yourdoorwaysduringahurricane.”可知,此处
是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面,选项 E“在许多
情况下,它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水.”与下文
衔接.]
4.C [根据前文“Trim(修剪)trees...toprevent
anythingelsethatcouldflythroughawindow
andcausedamageduringahurricane.”可知,此
处是指防止庭院里有疏松的东西被吹到屋子里
造成破坏,选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东
西松动是很重要的.”能够承接上文.]
5.F [根据前文“Youshouldalsotakepictures
ofexpensiveitemslikeelectronicsandkeep
notesoftheirserialnumbers.”可知,此处是指
给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于
向保险公司申请赔偿,选项 F“如果有什么东西
需要 更 换,它 会 帮 助 你 的 保 险 公 司.”承 接
前文.]
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高考总复习 英语
Ⅲ.语法填空 主题:人与自然 体裁:说明文 话题:环境问题灾难
Ithasbeenestimatedthatrapidlygrowing
modernizationisleadingtoignorancetowardsthe
environment.Humanshavecreatedasituationin
1. ordinaryeventsbecomeincreasingly
raisedtothelevelofnaturaldisasters,2.
(cause)heavylossesintermsofhumanlifeas
welasproperty.
Overtheyears,scientistsresearchingonthis
topic3. (find)thatthemainproblemis
globalwarming.Butbecause4. human
greed,nooneisrealycaringabouttheenvironG
mentalrisksandeveryoneisbusymakingmoney.
Itisknownthattherapidindustrialgrowth
hasledto5. largenumberofairand
waterpolutionproblems.ThoughthereareenviG
ronmentallawsthatthese6. (industry)
needtofolowtotreatthewastebutmostofthe
timetheindustryownersignoretheselawsfor
theirpersonalgain.Rapidconstructionhasledto
largelandareasbeingcovered withcement(水
泥),meaningtheflow of water becomesso
strong7. waterrunoffcantgetabG
sorbedbythesoil,eventualyleadingtogreater
flooding.
8. (fortunate),therearestilalot
ofpeoplewhorealycareabouttheenvironment
andare9. (wil)toworkonenvironG
mentalissues.Many societiesand groupsare
workingdayandnight10. (make)peoG
pleawareoftheharmfuleffectsofthepolution
andotherpracticesthatareharmfultoourenviG
ronment.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.快速发展的现
代化正在导致对环境的破坏.本文主要分析了环
境问题产生的原因.
1.which [考查定语从句.句意:人类已经造成
了一种情况,在这种情况下,普通事件越来越多
地上升到自然灾害的程度,造成了人类生命和
财产的重大损失.分析句子可知,空格处应填
入定语从句的引导词.先行词是situation,表
示抽象地点,定语从句用“in+关系代词 which”
引导,相当于 where.故填 which.]
2.causing [考查现在分词.句意同上.分析句
子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语.根
据句意,此处作结果状语,表示 自 然 而 然 的 结
果,应用现在分词.故填causing.]
3.havefound [考查动词的时态.句意:多年来,
研究这一主题的科学家们发现,主要问题是全
球变暖.分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动
词.根据句中时间状语 Overtheyears可知,此
处应用现在完成时态,主语scientists为复数.
故填havefound.]
4.of [考查介词.句意:但由于人类的贪婪,没有
人真正关心环境风险,每个人都忙于赚钱.beG
causeof是固定搭配,意为“由于;因为”.故填of.]
5.a [考查冠词.句意:众所周知,工业的快速增
长导致 了 大 量 的 空 气 和 水 污 染 问 题.alarge
numberof是固定短语,意为“大量的”,故用不
定冠词a.故填a.]
6.industries [考查名词的数.句意:尽管这些行
业需要遵守环境法来处理废物,但大多数时候,
行业所有者为了个人利益而无视这些法律.根
据空格前的these 可知,此处应填名词复数形
式.故填industries.]
7.that [考查状语从句.句意:快速的建设导致
大片土地被水泥覆盖,这意味着水流变得如此
强劲,以至于径流无法被土壤吸收,最终导致更
大的洪水.分析句子可知,此处为“so+形容词
+that引 导 的 结 果 状 语 从 句”句 型,意 为 “如
此以至于”.故填that.]
8.Fortunately [考查副词.句意:幸运的是,仍
然有很多人真正关心环境,并愿意致力于环境
问题.分析句子可知,空格处应填入副词作状
语.根据句意,此处指“幸运地”,应用fortunately,
置于句首首字母应大写.故填Fortunately.]
9.wiling [考查形容词.句意同上.分析句子
可知,空格处应填入形容词作表语.bewiling
todosth.是固定短语,意为“乐意做某事”.故
填 wiling.]
10.tomake [考查动词不定式.句意:许多社会
和团体夜以继日地工作,让人们意识到污染和
其他对环境有害的做法的有害影响.分析句子
可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语.根据
句意,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状
语.故填tomake.]
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基础必备 必修第一册