Unit 12 section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【创新教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂课时作业（北师大版2019）

92 世评时什业 UNIT 12 INNOVATION 英 课时 空 SECTION V LESSON 3 STEPHEN HAWKING 语作业 纠错空间 [基础性] [应用性] I,单词拼写 Ⅲ.完成句子 1.There has been a sharp (下 1. (不顾)the fog the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly in profits this year. well. 2.The stone rolled down the mountain by 2.Although his illness had (重力). him (阻止…做…) 3.The wedding was a very studying,he managed to pass the ex- (宏大的)occasion. am. 44++444+444+4+ 3.Water companies should concentrate on 4.She (克服)injury to win reducing waste (而 the Olympic gold medal last year. 不是)building new lakes. 5.I offered to give them a lift but they 4.His lack of experience had 4444444444444 (拒绝). (导致)his downfall.. 6.The first year provides students with a 5.I have nothing to do sound (理论的)ba 方法总结 我没有别的办法，只好等待。 sis for later study. 6.This pair of shoes are comfortable 7.Being able to walk to work is an added 4444444444 (意外收获)of the new job. 这双鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来很 8.Further treatment will 舒服。 (阻止)cancer from developing. 7.He has visited every country in Asia Ⅱ.单句语法填空 除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲 1 the heavy snow,he managed 国家。 to come. 8. he you 2.Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is are wrong. the decline. 不但他错了，你也错了。 9.Most of the meals can serve two people 3.He spent 7 days in the wind and snow. and are under 10,so is cold and (hunger). it affordable practical as 4.Not only Tom and Mary but also I well. (be)fond of swimming. 大部分饭菜花不了10美元就够两个人 5.Her sudden arrival prevented him 享用，因此它不仅实惠而且实用。 10.As a community with a shared future, (go）out. people in China 6.Not only mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is 作为一个命运共同体，中国人民同舟 unnoticed. 共济、攻坚克难。 ·63 选择性必修第四册·(BSD) 奥语到 [综合性] Honestly,studying a broader range I.阅读理解 of animals will help firm up exactly what 间 A is happening.For now,at least,the in- 纠错空间 For humans,adapting to climate crease is small,never much more than change will mostly be a matter of technol- 10%.That may change as warming accel- ogy.More air conditioning.better-de- erates.But it seems clear that the world signed houses and bigger flood defenses of the future is not just going to be hotter may help lessen the effects of a warmer than humans are used to.The animals liv- world.Animals will have to rely on chan- ging their bodies or their behaviour.In a ing in it will look different,too. 4444444 paper published in Trends in Ecology & 1.What does the author want to tell us by Evolution,a team led by Sara Ryding.a mentioning the Australian parrot in professor in Australia,shows that is al- Paragraph 1 ready happening.In some species of Aus- A.Climate change is affecting animals. tralian parrot,for instance,the beak size B.Scientists are doing research on ani- has increased by between 4%and 10% mals. since 1871.Similar trends are seen in spe- C.Humans can adapt to climate change cies of mice and bats evolving bigger more easily. ears,tails,legs and wings. D.Animals are adapting to warmer cli- All that fits nicely with evolutionary 方法总结 mate in their own ways. theory..“Alen's rule”,named after Joel 2.What is the benefit of having bigger 14444444 Asaph Allen,who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot body parts according to the passage? places tend to have larger appendages A.Getting rid of additional heat. 属肢体)than those in mild areas.Such B.Becoming larger and stronger. adaptation boosts an animal's surface area C.Enlarging animals'surface area. 4年44444444444 relative to its body volume,helping it to D.Becoming more sensitive to the envi- shed extra heat.Fennec foxes,mean- ronment. while,which are native to the Sahara 3.What do we know about the change in Desert,have strikingly large ears,espe- animals from the third paragraph? cially compared with their Arctic cousins. A.Its cause is definite. Ryding's team combined data from B.It comes at the expense of some- different species in different places.Now thing. that they have little in common apart C.Its process will end soon. from living on a warming planet,climate D.It happens in the same habitat. change is the most reasonable explana- tion.Since any evolutionary adaptation 4.What can be a suitable title for the comes with trade-offs,it is unclear how text? far the process might go.Bigger beaks A.Evolution to Survive Heat might interfere with feeding,for in- B.Living on a Warming Planet stance.Larger wings are heavier,and big- C.Measures to Fight Against Heat ger legs cost more energy to grow. D.Pioneering Research on Animals ·64· 世证时作业 UNIT 12 INNOVATION B won't be distracted.There's also a useful People get distracted by irrelevant technique that will quickly get you back websites and unproductive tasks occasion- on track:The 20-Second Rule.It's be- ally.According to MeKinsey,high-skilled lieved by some psychologists that if some- 纠错空间 workers in the U.S.spend a surprising thing-such as checking your social 28%of their working hours reading and media-takes you 20 seconds longer to replying to e-mail messages.But if we do,you're less likely to do it.So you need learned to manage our distraction caused to make it slightly more difficult to give in by communication technology in a more to temptation.For example,uninstall efficient manner,we could give the econ- a messaging app so that it takes you omy a 900 million to $1.3 trillion 20 seconds longer to install it again and boost per year. log in.This approach means you do not How did we end up in this situation? have to rely on willpower.Instead,you +444++444+444+4+ The 21st century is characterized by con- will set up a reliable system that facili- nectivity.Over the past couple of dec- tates the forming of good habits. ades,it has become increasingly difficult 5.For what purpose does the writer use to disconnect from sources of informa- 44444444444444 numbers in the first paragraph? tion.And this addiction becomes especial- A.To picture the bad results caused by ly apparent when we lose our phones or distraction in work. our Internet connection drops out.For ex- B.To point out few workers reply to 方法总结 ample,have you ever mislaid your phone e-mail messages in the U.S. for a few hours and become crazy at the thought of missing out on social media C.To prove reading and replying to e-mails is good for the economy. 4444中44444 updates? Originally,smartphones and other D.To tell how much more money can portable devices were designed to maxi- be made by replying to e-mails. mize convenience.Unfortunately,now 6.What is the result of distraction if we they have turned into a distraction that are doing more complicated work? often interrupts our daily lives.Every A.We'll completely lose time. time your attention is diverted away from B.We'll be interrupted repeatedly. your task,you lose time.It takes effort to C.It'll make us never get back on track. get back on track,and repeated interrup- D.It'll be harder to regain our attention. tions can demotivate you.The more com- 7.What can we learn about the 20-Second plicated your project is,the longer it Rule? takes to regain your focus,because your A.It helps us to deal with distraction brain has to put in considerable effort more effectively. when switching between complex objec- B.It makes us check social media lon- tives. ger than 20 seconds. So what can you do?First,when fo- C.It has proved to be effective with the cusing on an important project,you can help of willpower. put your phone and other devices away.If D.It suggests uninstalling all the mes- you don't receive any messages,you saging apps in your phone. ·65 选择性必修第四册·(BSD) 英语到 8. Which can be a suitable title for the totle was wrong.It is Galileo's 11 of text? going direct to nature,and proving our A.No Phones,No Distraction opinions and theories by experiment,that 纠错空间 B.Why We Get Distracted Easily? has 12 all the discoveries of modern C.The Shocking Price of Distraction science. D.Distraction Brings Us Harm or Ben- What 13 those people good sci- efits? entists?From the example of Galileo,we Ⅱ，完形填空 know 14 that successful scientists Do you think you have what it takes are those whose observations have 15 to be a successful scientist?A successful better results. 4444444 scientist is generally a good observer.He 1.A.trust B.sense makes full 1 of the facts he observes. C.speed D.use He doesn't accept ideas which are not 2.A.refuses B.desires based on obvious facts,and therefore C.intends D.regrets 2 to accept authority as the only rea- 3.A.casually B.carefully son for the truth.He always checks ideas C.quickly D.privately 3 and makes experiments to prove 4.A.date B.keep them. C.look D.emerge The rise of modern science may per- 5.A.command B.suspect 方法总结 haps be considered to 4 as far back as C.suggest D.conclude the time of Roger Bacon,the wonderful 6.A.brought B.discovered 44444444444 philosopher of Oxford,who lived be- C.handled D.announced tween the years 1214 and 1292.He was 7.A.who B.when probably the first in the Middle Ages to C.that D.where 5 that we should learn science by ob- 8.A.slowly B.rapidly serving and experimenting on the things C.lightly D.heavily 4年44444444444 around us,and he himself 6 many 9.A.if B.when important truths. C.because D.although Galileo (1564-1642),however, 10.A.big B.small who lived more than 300 years later,was C.constant D.unequal the greatest of several great men in Italy. 11.A.spirit B.skill France,Germany,and England,7 C.theory D.wish began to show how many important 12.A.put forward B.turned to truths could be discovered by observation C.set up D.led to by degrees.Before Galileo,learned men 13.A.considers B.promises believed that large bodies fell more C.prevents D.makes towards the earth than small ones,9 14.A.efficiently B.clearly Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to C.naturally D.unwillingly the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let 15.A.foreseen B.rejected two 10 stones fall and proved Aris C.produced D.challenged ·66·选择性必修第四册·(BSD) 英语」 7.a[表示泛指用a或an。full-time的读音以辅音音素 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出人们在 开头，不定冠词用a,a full-time inventor一位全职的 工作中很容易因通信技术带来的信息干扰而分心这一 发明家。] 现象，并给出了相关的建议。 8.to explain[(sb.)be asked to do sth..(某人)被要求 5.A[推理判断题。根据第一题中的“According to 做某事。] McKinsey,high-skilled workers in the U.S.spend a 9.on[表示在具体的某一天用介词on] surprising 28%of their working hours reading...we 10.death[形容词性物主代词后接名词。] could give the economy a $900 million to $1.3 tril- SECTION V lion boost per year..”可知，作者列举的三个数据分别 基础性 是人们花在通信上的大把时间和由此带来的经济损 I.1.decline 2.gravity 3.grand 4.overcame 失，很直观地让读者感受到了通信技术分散注意力带 5.declined 6.theoretical 7.bonus 8.prevent 给我们的危害。因此，作者在第一段中使用数字的目 II.1.Despite 2.on 3.hungry 4.am 5.going 的是描迷工作分心造成的坏结果。故选A。] 6.are 6.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The more com 应用性 plicated your project is,the longer it takes to regain Ⅲ，l.In spite of2.prevented from3.instead of your focus'”可知，如果我们在做更复杂的工作，分心的 4.led to 5.other than to wait 6.rather than pretty 结果是很难重新集中注意力。故选D] 7.other than Japan 8.Not only but also 9.not only 7.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There's also a but 10.have worked hand in hand to overcome diffi- culties useful technique that will quickly get you back on 综合性 track:The20-Second Rule..”可知，“20秒规则”可以帮 I,A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了动物 助人们快速地重新专注于自己的工作，即有效地摆脱 为适应气候变暖产生了进化的迹象，揭示了气候变化与 分心，也就是说它能帮助我们更有效地应对分心。故 动物的进化之间的联系。 选A.] l,D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Animals wil 8.C[主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的 have to rely on changing their bodies or their behav- "According to McKinsey,high-skilled workers in the iour...In some species of Australian parrot,for in- U.S.spend...we could give the economy a 900 stance,the beak size has increased by between 4%and million to$l.3 trillion boost per year..”可知，本文主 10%since1871.”可知，作者在第一段中提到澳洲鹦 要介绍了通信技术使人分心的现象及其严重后果。 鹉是想告诉我们动物们正在以自己的方式适应更温 因此，恰当的标题是C项“The Shocking Price of Dis 暖的气候。故选D。] traction(分心的惊人代价)”。故选C,] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“warm-blooded Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例论 animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages 证自己的一个观点：一位科学家应该是一个很好的观察 than those in mild areas.Such adaptation boosts an 者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实脸来获得正 animal's surface area relative to its body volume,help- 确的观点和理论。 ing it to shed extra heat'”可知，拥有更大的身体部位 l.D[考查名词。根据“A successful scientist is gener- 的好处是可以排出颜外的热量。故选A。] ally a good observer..”可知，他充分利用了他观察到的 3.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since any evolu- 事实。make full use of意为“充分利用”，为固定短 tionary adaptation comes with trade-offs,...Bigger 语。trust信任；sense意识；speed速度；use使用，用 beaks might interfere with feeding,for instance.Lar- 途。故选D。] ger wings are heavier,and bigger legs cost more ener- gy to grow.”可推断，动物为适应气候变暖而产生的 2.A[考查动词。根据“He doesn't accept ideas which 变化是有代价的。故选B。] are not based on obvious facts,and therefore”可知，此 4.A[主首大意题。根据第一段中的“Animals will 处指拒绝相信权威是真理的唯一理由。refuse拒绝； have to rely on changing their bodies or their behav- desire想要；intend打算：regret后悔。故选A。] 0ur.”和文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了动物们 3.B[考查副词。根据“He always checks ideas”和 为造应气候变暖产生了进化的迹象，揭示了气候变化 “and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表 与动物进化之间的联系。A项“为了在高温下生存的 示他仔细地核查想法。casually随便地；carefully仔 进化”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。] 细地；quickly迅速地；privately私下地。故选B.] ·92· 区课时作业 参考答案 4.A[考查动词。根据“the years1214and1292”可知， SECTION W 现代科学的兴起可以追潮到很早的时期。keep保留， 基础性 维持；look看；emerge出现。date back意为“追潮 I.1.preserve 2.boil 3.illustrates 4.mass 到”，为固定短语。故选A。] 5.accurate 6.improvement 7.exploded explosion 5.C[考查动词。根据“we should learn science by ob- 8.electrical electricity serving and experimenting on the things around us" II.1.electrical 2.the 3.improvement 4.it 可知，这里应是罗杰·培根提出的建议。command命 5.Following 6.to preserve 7.accuracy 8.reaching 令；suspect怀疑；suggest建议；conclude推断。故 应用性 选C。] lll.1.should be well preserved 2.reflected on this pro- 6.B[考查动词。根据“many important truths'”可知， 他本人发现了很多重要的真理。bring带来；discover posal 3.any time you want to 4.makes it a rule to get 发现；handle处理；announce宣布。故选B。] up 5.reading a book 6.reflecting man's intelligence 7,A[考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导非限制性 and creativity 定语从句，修饰指人的先行词several great men,且在 综合性 从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故选A。] I,A.[语篇解读]文章引用了世界知名物理学家及天 8.B[考查副词。根据“Aristotle said so”并联系史实 文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中 可知，亚里士多德曾经认为重的物体比轻的物体下降 找一处新家的原因。 得快。slowly缓慢地；rapidly快速地；lightly轻轻地； 1,C[细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类 heavily沉重地。故选B。] 要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以 9.C[考查连词。根据“Aristotle said so”可知，这里表 重启太空探索，故选C。] 示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。if如果when当… 2.C[词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources'” 的时候；because因为；although尽管。故选C.] 和后面的“at an alarming rate'”可以推断出，drain在这 lO.D[考查形容词。根据“and proved Aristotle was 里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C。] wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。 3.A[观，点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以 big大的；small小的；constant不断的；unequal不相 及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲 等的。故选D。] 观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故 l1l.A[考查名词。根据“But Galileo,going to the top 选A.] of the Leaning Tower of Pisa...proved Aristotle 4,A[细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第 was wrong.”可知，此处表示伽利略的直接走向自然 二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危 通过实验证明自己的观，点和理论的精神。spirit精 险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A。] 神；skill技能；theory理论；wish愿望。故选A。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，饥饿 l2.D[考查动词短语。put forward提出；turn to转 会影响人的决策，文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及 向；set up建立；lead to导致。根据“all the discover- 研究的发现及其意义。 ies of modern science”可知，此处表示正是伽利略的 5.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.，tested50 这种精神导致现代科学能有所发现。故选D。] l3.D[考查动词。根据“those people good scientists'” people twice:once when they followed their normal 可知，此处表示什么使那些人成为好的科学家。c0 eating patterns and once when they did not eat any- sider考虑；promise许诺；prevent阻止；make使得。 thing during the day..”可知，二人是通过比较进行研 故选D。] 究的。] 14.B[考查副词。从伽利略的例子中，我们能清楚地 6.A[词义猜测题。根据前文中的the team discovered 看到现代科学的发展来源于伽利略等一些伟大科学 when presented with the choice of receiving the re- 家的科学研究精神。efficiently有效奉地；clearly清 ward可知，研究者让参与者选择接受奖励(reward)的 楚地；naturally自然地；unwillingly不情愿地。故 时间，因此画线词的意思是“奖金(bonus)”,] 选B.] 7.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Hunger is so 15.C[考查动词。根据“better results”可知，此处指那 common that it is important to understand the non-ob- 些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。foresee预 vious ways in which our preferences and decisions may 见；reject拒绝；produce使产生；challenge挑战。故 be affected by it可知，我们的决定可能会受到饥饿的 选C.] 影响。故选B。] ·93·