Unit 12 section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【创新教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂（北师大版2019）

UNIT 12 INNOVATION SECTION V LESSON 3 STEPHEN HAWKING 课文。对照释疑 [教材原文] [汉语译文] On 14 March,2018,one of the world's most 2018年3月14日，世界上最有影 influential scientists,Stephen Hawking,died at his 响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英 home in England,aged 76.Hawking was famous, 格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不 not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics 仅因在理论(theoretical)物理学和宇宙 and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challen- 学(cosmology)方面的杰出研究而著 ges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). 名，更是因克服(overcome)了肌萎缩侧 Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病） 1942,in Oxford.He went to the University of Ox- 的挑战而令人敬佩。 ford to study physics in 1959.At the age of 21, 1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出 when Hawking spent his first year at the University 生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物 of Cambridge,physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS.He was only expec- 理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学 ted to live for a few years. 的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的 Hawking later found a job at the Institute of 慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再 Astronomy in Cambridge.In the early stages of his 活几年。 career,his illness got worse,but he was allowed to 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了 do research only rather than teach,which was easier 份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情 for him.In 1985,he had to have an operation.As a 就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研 result,he lost his speech.Soon his doctors devel- 究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。 oped a piece of speech-generating equipment that al- 1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了 lowed him to speak.However,as his illness became 说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种 worse,he lost the use of his hands. 发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病 Although Hawking's physical abilities declined 情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 over decades,he never ceased his studies and he de- 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体 veloped a number of new ideas about black holes. 机能不断下降(decline),但他从未停止 Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the 过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍 "Big Bang")created many small black holes.His 金认为宇宙诞生时（即宇宙大爆炸）创 theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre 造了许多小黑洞，黑洞的中心还有一种 of a black hole.This hole led to another universe, 洞，这种洞可以通向另一个宇宙，与我 completely separate from our own. 们的世界完全分隔。 Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book,A 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间 Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to Black Holes,sold one copy for every 750 people on 简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平 Earth.However,many people could not really un- 均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多 derstand what he had written.Therefore,Hawking 人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此， decided to write a simpler version,A Briefer Histo- 霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间 ry of Time(2005). 简史》(2005)。 ·93· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 In The Grand Design (2010,with Leonard 在《大(grand宏伟的)设计》(2010 Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should look 年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著) for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of 一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同 the universe.Instead of trying to find one big new 的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与 explanation,scientists should put together all the 其说试图寻找一个全新的解释，科学家 ideas that they already have. 们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, 2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金 Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million peo- 对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是 ple:"Look up at the stars and not down at your feet..be curious..” 俯视脚下…要保持好奇心。” In spite of his disease,Hawking didn't consider 尽管(in spite of)霍金患有疾病，但 himself an unlucky man.He said it had not preven- 他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说， ted him from having a family,and being successful 这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍 in his work."My expectations were reduced to zero 他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的 when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bo- 人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都 nus."And he believed this was because of the help 是馈赠(bonus)。”他认为自己所取得的 he received from his family and a large number of 一切都源于家人和许多人与机构的 people and organisations. 帮助。 新知。点点突破 重点词汇 核心短语 ●基础单词 1.at the age 在…年龄 t.克服（困难），控制（感情）； 2. spite of虽然；不顾；尽管 征服，战胜 3.separate 分离 2 (Doctor of Philosophy)t博士 4.prevent... doing阻止… 学位 5.instead 而；并非 n.字宙论，宇宙学 6.lead 导致 n.挑战；质疑u.挑战，对… 7.rather 而不是 怀疑 柜架句型 v.影响；使感动 1.Hawking was famous,not just for his bril- G adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 liant work in theoretical physics and cos- 7. n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖 mology,but also for overcoming the challen- 金；红利 ges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle 8. vi.减少，降低 control). 9 n.重力，引力 霍金出名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇 ●拓展单词 宙学方面的杰出工作，还因为他克服了 n.势力，影响；有影响的 ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。 人/物t.影响；支配→ not only(just)..but(also)...连接的并 adj.有影响力的；有支配力的 列句。 2 adj.非常好的，使人印象时 2.This hole led to another universe,complete- 刻的；明亮的，鲜明的→ ly separate from our own. adu.灿烂地；出色地 . 这个洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完全 华；光亮，光辉 分离。 adj.理论的→ 形容词短语作状语。 n.学说；理论 ·94· UNIT 12 INNOVATION 课文⊙篇章理解 I.Scan the text and answer the following C.going to the University of Oxford-hav- question. ing an operation-developing a number What does the text mainly tell us? of new ideas about black holes-writing The text is about the book A Brief History of Time D.having an operation-going to the Uni- versity of Oxford-developing a number II.Read the text carefully and choose the best of new ideas about black holes-writing answers. the book A Brief History of Time 1.Which of the following is not what Hawk- 3.Why didn't Hawking consider himself an ing was famous for? unlucky man? A.His brilliant work in theoretical physics A.Because Hawking could write books. and cosmology. B.Because his doctors developed a piece of B.His overcoming the challenges of ALS. speech-generating equipment that al- C.His 1988 book. lowed him to speak. C.Because he had a family and was suc- D.His speech-generating equipment. cessful in his work. 2.Which order is right according to the pas- D.Because he went to the University of sage? Oxford to study. A.going to the University of Oxfordhav- 4.What did Hawking think of himself? ing an operation-writing the book A A.Pitiful. B.Unlucky. Brief History of Time-developing a C.Lucky. D.Generous. number of new ideas about black holes 5.Which of the following can be used to de- B.going to the University of Oxford-de- scribe Hawking? veloping a number of new ideas about A.Optimistic and grateful. black holes-having an operation-writ- B.Unlucky and miserable. C.Generous and determined. ing the book A Brief History of Time D.Humorous and academic. 要点。层层精析 核心词汇 ◆[经典佳句] 1.overcome vt..克服；解决；战胜 When I saw what was in the bag,I was over- be overcome with joy喜不自胜 come with a mixture of respect and gratefulness. be overcome with sorrow伤心欲绝 当我看到袋子里的东西时，我心里充满了尊 overcome the enemy战胜敌人 敬和感激之情。 overcome/get over difficulties/shortcom- There will be no difficulties in the world ings/weaknesses,/fear克服困难/缺点/弱 that they cannot overcome. 点/恐惧 世上就没有他们克服不了的困难。 ·95· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 I believe you can try to overcome these diffi- [名师点津] culties only by working hard. (1)表示“增加”的动词或动词短语常见的 我相信，通过努力，你会克服这些困难的。 有：rise,increase,goup等；表示“减少”的动 We must work harder to overcome our 词或动词短语常见的有：fall,drop,de shortcomings. crease,go down,decline. 我们必须更加努力地克服我们的缺点。 (2)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 by;表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。 完成句子 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 ①Molly had fought and 单句语法填空 of flying. DAccording to scientists,our mental abili- ties begin (decline) 莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。 from the age of 27 after reaching the ②She to win highest level at 22. the Olympic gold medal. 2In spite of many invitations,he would al- 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 ways decline (visit)Oxford. 2.decline vt..减少，降低 3The number of tourists to the resort de- be in decline处于下降、衰退中 clined 10%last year to 5 mil- on the decline lion. 在下坡路上：在衰退（减少） ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 词汇升级 decline by下降了 (普通表达)The number of people who run decline to下降到 the red light has declined since the new a decline in在…方面减少/降低 traffic regulations came into effect. ◆[经典佳句] ④（高级表达）The number of people who The decline is not because we have all be- run the red light has since the new traffic regulations came in- come lazy. to effect. (步行上学的孩子)比率的下降并不是因为 3.in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管… 我们都变懒惰了。 (I)despite=in spite of是介词（短语），表 Unemployment declined by 4 percent last 示语义转折，后接名词、代词或动名 month 词，但可以用despite/,in spite of the 上个月失业率降至百分之四。 fact that引导从句。 The number of full-time staff has declined (2)regardless of不顾；不加理会 from 160 to just 40. (3)though/,although是连词，表示语义转 全职员工的数量从160人下降到了只有 折，后跟让步状语从句。 40人。 ◆[经典佳句] She declined to have lunch with her friend, Despite the weather,they were able to take saying that she wasn't feeling well. a boat ride out into the bay,and later visit 她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与她的朋友共进 an island that had wonderful shops selling 午餐。 crafts and antiques. The number of residents in the area is on 尽管天气不好，她们还是乘船进人了海湾， the decline. 后来参观了一个岛屿，岛上有很不错的卖工 这个地区的居民数量在减少。 艺品和古董的商店。 ·96· UNIT 12 INNOVATION Despite the poor service of the hotel,the ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient 写出句中grand的含义 training for his staff. 3The job isn't as grand as it sounds. 尽管酒店的服务很差，经理还是不愿意为员 工提供足够的培训。 4There's a grand figure to come to our ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 school tomorrow. 完成句子 5My parents thought all of this was a ① the hot weather,eve- grand idea and called Betsy's dad with rybody is here. their permission. 尽管天气很热，但是大家还是都来了。 5.rather than而不是 ②In spite of/,Despite he was very angry,he didn't lose his temper. other than除…以外 >In spite of/Despite more than多于；不只是；非常 he didn't lose his temper. less than少于，小于 他尽管很生气，但是没有发脾气。 ◆[经典佳句] 4.grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的；重大 I can still find it convenient to have a home 的；极好的 phone rather than providing a mobile phone (I)a grand man伟人，名人 for every family member. grand clothes华丽的服装 我发现，家里有一台座机而不是每个家庭成 grand music高尚的音乐 员都配备一部手机依然很方便。 (2)grandly adv..宏伟地；隆重地；盛大地 Does anybody other than yourself know ◆[经典佳句] this? This grand building used to be the centre of 除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？ the capital's social life. You are buying direct,rather than through 这座宏伟的建筑曾经是首都社会生活的 an agent 中心。 你这是直接购买，而不是通过代理人。 How grand the mountains look in the early [名师点津] evening! rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语及 暮色中群山是多么壮丽！ 其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than We met a lot of grand people when we went 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 to the palace. ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 我们去宫殿时碰到了许多大人物。 选词填空(other than/rather than/less than/ She announced grandly that she was spend- ing the Spring Festival in the Chinatown. more than) 她隆重地宣布，她将在唐人街过春节。 ①They aim at quality ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 quantity. 单句语法填空 2Unfortunately,the marriage had lasted ①He (grand)declared that he for two years. would be a member of the Party. ③I will be happy to see 2Today we gather here to improvements in this regard. grand )celebrate the International I have not studied foreign languages Women's Day. English. ·97· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 [名师点津] 完成句子 keep..from doing sth.中的from不能省 ⑤She enjoys singing 略，因为省略后keep.doing sth.表示“让 …一直做某事”。用于被动语态时，这三 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 个短语中的from都不能省略。 6I met him very late on Friday night, ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 early Saturday morning. 完成句子 我在星期五晚上很晚时见到了他，更确切 ①Nothing can 地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。 to Mount Tai because it is the very place ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 he has been looking forward to going to. 一句多译 什么也不能阻止他去泰山，因为那正是他 ⑦孩子们宁可骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整 一直盼望去的地方。 天待在家里。 a.The children ②We hope to anything un- the countryside rather than stay pleasant in- doors all the day. 我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 b.The children 3 the story the countryside rather than stay from appearing in the national news- indoors all the day. papers. c.The children 要阻止全国性报纸刊登这件事情已为时 the countryside than stay indoors all 太晚。 the day. 重点句型 6.prevent,.from doing sth.阻止…做 1.(教材Pss)Hawking was famous,not just 某事 for his brilliant work in theoretical physics (l)prevent.from doing sth.阻止 and cosmology,but also for overcoming the 做某事，from可以省略 challenges of ALS (a disease that affects “阻止…做某事”的其他表达法： muscle control). (2)stop...(from)doing sth. 霍金出名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和 (3)keep...from doing sth. 宇宙学方面的杰出工作，还因为他克服了 ◆[经典佳句] ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。 David had a brain disease which prevented [句式结构]not only/.just..but(al- him from walking or running like other chil- s0)..表示“不但…而且…”。并列连 dren. 词，连接句子的相同成分。 戴维患有一种大脑疾病，使他不能像其他孩 子一样跑动。 ◆[规律总结] We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frighte- (1)句中“not only.but also.”结构 ning sandstorm from going to school. 意为“不仅…而且…”，其中als0 可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法去上学。 可以省略。 Carbon dioxide prevents heat from getting (2)not only/just..but(also)..连接 out of the atmosphere easily. 的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词 二氧化碳使热量不容易释放出大气层。 的人称与数遵循“就近原则” ·98· UNIT 12 INNOVATION ◆[经典佳句] 2.(教材Pg)This hole led to another uni- The sun gives us not only light but also verse,completely separate from our own. heat. 这个洞通向另一个字宙，与我们的宇宙完 太阳不仅给我们提供光而且提供热。 全分离。 The British and the Americans not only [句式结构]形容词短语作状语。 speak the same language but (also)share a ◆汇规律总结了 large number of social customs. 形容词在句中作状语，用于说明主语的 英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多 特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也 相同的社会风俗习惯。 表示原因、条件、让步等。 Recently,an important volleyball game will be held in our campus,which will be not on- ◆[经典佳句 ly/just meaningful but also exciting. To our relief,the children returned home 最近，一个重要的排球比赛将在我们的校园 safe and sound at last. 举行，这不仅是有意义的，而且令人兴奋。 令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙 ◆[误区规避]一语法填空 地回到了家里。 There (be)not only a swimming Curious,the children went into the cave. pool but also a lot of fruit trees in the big 出于好奇，孩子们进了山洞。 yard. Large or small,all countries are equal. (可能失误)填are。 不论大小，国家皆为平等。 (正确表达)填is。 [名师点津]形容词作状语时，其前不加 (错误分析)谨记此规律：not only/just.,. being。 but(also)..连接的两个并列成分作主语 ◆[“四翼”考查]—应用性 时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。 完成句子 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 DThe boy lay in the sofa, (很放 单句语法填空 松) DNot only the students but also the teach- 2After the long journey,the three of them er (be)against the plan. came back home, (又 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 饿又累). 完成句子 ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 2Reading good books can 同义句转换 teach us to tell be- 3Because she was frightened,she asked me tween right and wrong. to go with her. 阅读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我 she asked me to go 们分辨是非。 with her. ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 4When the teacher asked the question,all 句型转换 the students sat there and kept silent. 3Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the -When the teacher asked the question, music. all the students sat there, 一 Tom and Mary fond of the C温馨提店 学习至此，请完成配套训练UNIT12 SECTION V music. ·99·参考答案 3.①to.with②with③corresponding④to with 核心短语 ⑤correspondence⑥correspond with!to 1.into 2.at 3.to 4.of 5.by 6.about 7.in Din correspondence with 8.in9.吸引某人的注意力10.a11.in12.a 4.①The instant②the instant/.instantly 要点层层精析 a.instantly b.the instant 核心词汇 5.①动词，发起②名词，（产品的）上市③动词，开 l.①from②emergence③is likely to emerge 始从事④动词，发行⑤launch into a new busi- ④It emerged that ness Olaunch the new film 2.①By②a③coincidence④What a coincidence 6.①figures②out 5It's not a coincidence that 7.①as②tobe③perception ④to steal 3.①involved②learning studying ③involves ⑤what⑥perceive any difference me (in)travelling was/got involved in the quar- Dis widely perceived as rel 5was involved in reading 8.①be proposed②(should)go③to 4.①occurred②to③occurrence ④proposals⑤forming⑥proposal OIt didn't occur to me that ⑦proposed to his girlfriend⑧made a proposal 5.①be evaluated②evaluate his ability ⑨It was proposed that evaluate the consequences 重点句型 重点句型 l.①that②whether,/if③about④Idon't doubt 1.①虽然：尽管②当…时候③只要④while that⑤There is no doubt that⑥I have no doubt he prefers 5 while (he was)doing ⑥While that DI doubt whether/if Though/Although running 2.①Without②but③But for④otherwise 2.①haven't seen ②turned left ③have 5I couldn't have finished the work so soon if you been making hadn't helped me. SECTION V LESSON 3 I couldn't have finished the work so soon if it hadn't 新知点点突破 been for your help. 重点词汇 I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for 基础单词 your help. 1.overcome 2.PhD 3.cosmology 4.challenge SECTIONⅢ GRAMMAR 5.affect 6.grand 7.bonus 8.decline 9.gravity 拓展单词 语法体悟精析 1.influence 即学活用1 influential 2.brilliant brilliantly brilliance 3.theoretical theory ①as cheap as②much bigger than 核心短语 ③the tallest boy 1.of 2.in 3.from 4.from 5.of 6.to 7.than 即学活用2 课文篇章理解 ①wooden fences②she was foreign③some green I.the life of Stephen Hawking eating④a young black German⑤the boy's nice Ⅱ.1-5 DCCCA little red 要点层层精析 即学活用3 核心词汇 ①four-hour②warm-hearted③ordinary-looking l.①overcome her fear②overcame the injury ④bravely-fighting⑤peace-loving©second-hand 2.①to decline②to visit③by SECTION N LESSON 2 ④been on the decline 新知点点突破 3.①In spite of②the fact that his being angry 重点词汇 4.①grandly②grandly③重要的①重要的 基础单词 ⑤极好的 1.insight 2.emerge 3.process 4.coincidence 5.①rather than②less than③more than 5.incredible 6.incubation 7.bury ④other than⑤rather than dancing⑥or rather 拓展单词 Da.would cycle to b.prefer to cycle to c.would 1.achieve achievement 2.clueless clue rather cycle to 3.incident 4.evaluation evaluate 6.①keep him from going②prevent from hap- 5.occur occurrence pening It was too late to prevent ·115· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 重点句型 Ousing the sun and the stars ⑤Understanding her l.①is②not only enrich our minds but also good intentions ③Not only but also are 2.①it②make it possible③feel it our duty 2.①relaxed②hungry and tired③Frightened 3.①Each/Every time I called on him②The first ④silent time they visited the Science Museum The night SECTION M WRITING WORKSHOP TO I went to see her④Any time⑤The moment./mi CHECK YOUR PROGRESS nute instant/second 新知点点突破 写作表达升格 重点词汇 遣词造句 基础单词 I.1.scientific 2.physicist 3.be dedicated to 1.steam 2.kettle 3.fibre 4.mass 5.sailor II.1.(1)whose title is (2)has an idol (3)was 6.accurate dedicated to (4)Personally (5)pursue his dreams 拓展单词 (6)served our country (7)makes him a great scien- 1.preserve preservation 2.electric electrical tist (8)pass on his scientific spirits electricity electronic 3.boil boiled boiling 2.(9)Everyone has an idol,and mine is Qian Xues- 4.improvement improve 5.revolution revolute en,a great physicist,who was dedicated to China's 6.availability available 7.explode explosion aerospace industry. explosive 8.regulate regulation 9.illustrate (10)Personally,he was a pioneer who was deter- illustration illustrator 10.mechanical mechani- mined to pursue his dreams. cally mechanic 11.specifically specifical 连句成篇 核心短语 [参考范文] 1.a 2.on 3.with 4.in 5.on 6.with 7.in I'm Li Hua.It's my honor to make the speech 要点层层精析 whose title is“What Makes a Great Scientist?” 核心词汇 Everyone has an idol and mine is Qian Xuesen, 1.①boiling②over③to④boiled ⑤away a great physicist,who was dedicated to China's aer- ⑥boiled⑦boiling 8boil ospace industry.Personally,he was a pioneer who 2.①a②improvement③(should)be improved was determined to pursue his dreams.More impor- ④room for improvement tantly,he was patriotic and served our country with 5improved my study methods his efforts and achievements.All of this makes him a 3.①is/was②are/were great scientist. 4.①availability②to③to buy④for Undoubtedly,as teenagers,we should learn ⑤becomes available⑥are all available to and pass on his scientific spirits as well as his perse- Davailability of material verance in the face of frustration. 5.①masses②the③shows are ④形容词，大 实战演练 量的⑤名词，质量⑥名词，大量 [参考范文] 6.①was illustrated②illustration ③illustrated There are many scientists who have driven so- Dillustrating books Sillustrate this difficult point cial development.Among them,the one I admire 6By way of illustration most is Yuan L.ongping,an outstanding agricultural 7.Dpreserve the environment from being polluted scientist known as the "father of hybrid rice". 2to be preserved 3preserve endangered species A few decades ago,the lack of food was one of from extinction④for food preservation⑤inan the main problems threatening Chinese people.After excellent state of preservation years of study.Yuan Longping successfully devel- 8.①specific②special③specific④special oped the world's first hybrid rice,which dramatical- ⑤To be specific ly increased rice production.His approach to rice g.①electrical②electric③electrical④electric breeding also serves as a solution to food problems Selectrical electricity around the globe. 重点句型 There is no doubt that his contribution is of L.①Seeing from the hill②Not knowing how to great significance.His story gives me inspiration and work out 3allowing more patients to be treated motivates me to love and learn science. 116·