内容正文:
SECTIONⅢ GRAMMAR
[基础性]
Ⅰ.用关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Occasionsarequiterare my
parentssharetheiropinionswithme.
2.Canyoutel measituation
bodylanguageistheonlyformofcomG
munication?
3.I, am yourclosestfriend,
wilalwayssupportyou.
4.Wewentthroughaperiod
communicationisdifficultintheearthG
quakestrickenarea.
5.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof
arebeingbuiltinourhomeG
town,wilopennextyear.
6.Markwasastudentatthisuniversity
from1999to2003,during
timehestudiedhardand waselected
chairmanoftheStudentsUnion.
7.InChinathereismidGautumnfestival,
peopleadmirethemoonand
givegiftsofmooncakes.
8.Signsandpostersshouldbeputupin
areas smokingisnotalG
lowed.
9.Heisoneofthestudents are
goodatclassicalmusic.
10.Therainwashedawaythetrack,
preventedthetrainfromrunning.
[应用性]
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Iwilneverforgettheautumn
theFragrantHiltosee
theredleaveswithyou.
我将不会忘记和你一起去香山看红叶
的那个秋天.
2. yesterday,
weshouldbeconfidentofourfuture.
正像老师昨天说的那样,我们要对未来
充满信心.
3.Inourclass,wehavesomestudents
.
我们班有很多作文写得好的学生.
4.ThisisthemostimpressiveTV play
on show
before.
这是一部以前从未上映过的给人印象
最深刻的电视剧.
5.Hardworkistheonlyway
yoursuccess.
努力工作是引导你成功的唯一办法.
6.Thesunheatstheearth,
forplantstogrow.
太阳温暖了地球,使得万物得以生长.
7.Iwilkeepyouinformediftheplace
theSpeech
Contestisdecided.
如果我们举办演讲比赛的地点定下来,
我会通知你的.
8.Thisisthepainter a
lotofpictureswerestolenfrom.
这就是那位家里有许多画被盗的画家.
9.Thebridge
standingcolapsed.
他们站在上面的那座桥倒塌了.
10.Thechild wasaddictedtocomputer
games,
.
这孩子沉迷于玩电脑游戏,这使得他
父母很担心.
75
UNIT3 CONSERVATION
[综合性]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Coralsareliveanimalsthattakeroot
intheoceanfloor,buttheydontbelong
toplants.Coralreefs(珊瑚礁)arethe
hardbonesleftatthebottomofthesea
bysmal creaturescaledpolyps (珊 瑚
虫).Thepolypsthenform thelarger
structureofareef.Coralprovidesahome
foranumberofseacreatures,suchas
fishandseasnakes.
AnewreportreleasedbythegovernG
mentinAustraliashowsoceansediment
(沉积物)andchemicalscanweakenthe
coral,hurtingitsabilitytofeedanddeG
velop.Whatsworse,thewaterqualityin
theGreatBarrierReefisfarbelow what
itshouldbe.ThereportassessedtheconG
ditionofthereef.ItclaimedthatchemiG
calsandpolutionhavedecreasedtosome
extent,butnotenoughtoreachenvironG
mentaltargets.ItsclearthatpreviousatG
temptstoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef
arefailing.
Steve Miles,QueenslandsenvironG
mentminister,says,“OverthatfiveGyear
period,wedid makesomeprogresstoG
wardsthetargets.Sedimentisdownby
12percentandchemicalsaredownby30
percent.Whatismostdisturbingisthat
theresultsareactualyfarfromthegoals
thoughthegovernmenthasputalotof
moneyintotheprotectionofthereef.BeG
sides,progresstowardsthetargetsalG
mostflatlinedlastyear.Ifoneofmykids
camehomewithareportcardlikethis,I
wouldbeabitdisappointed.”
ItisreportedthatfewerthanoneG
thirdof Queenslandssugarplantations
relyontechniquestoreducetheuseof
chemicals.Only28percentoflandowners
managetheirlandproperly.Theyhave
reducedharmfulwaterrunoffontheway
totheGreatBarrierReefsoastosafeG
guardthehealthofthereef.Theofficial
targetisa90percentreductioninchemiG
calusewithinthreeyears.Farmerssay
theyaregoingtousemoreenvironmentalG
lyfriendlypracticesassoonaspossible.
1.Whatdoweknowaboutcoral?
A.Itdoesgreatharmtothepolyps.
B.Itisamemberoftheplantfamily.
C.Itusualymovesfreelyinthewater.
D.ItprovidesshelterformanyseacreaG
tures.
2.WhatcanwelearnfromthenewreG
port?
A.Chemicalscanhelpthecoralgrow
wel.
B.PolutioninAustraliabecomesmore
serious.
C.ThewaterintheGreatBarrierReef
isperfect.
D.TheGreatBarrierReefneedsfurG
therprotection.
3.WhatdoesSteve Milesthinkofthe
protectionofthereef?
A.Itsawasteofmoneyandtime.
B.Theresultsarenotverysatisfying.
C.Themeasureshavenoeffectatal.
D.Thebiggestprogresswasmadelast
year.
4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.LivingthingsintheGreatBarrier
Reef.
B.NewfindingsabouttheGreatBarriG
erReef.
C.TheGreatBarrierReefsuffersfrom
polutants.
D.DiferentwaystoprotecttheGreatBarG
rierReef.
85
选择性必修第一册(BSD)
B
Inthepast50years,theamountof
waterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygen
hasgoneupmorethanfourfold.IncoastG
al waters,includingriver mouthsand
seas,lowGoxygen sites haveincreased
morethantenfoldsince1950.Scientists
expect oxygen to continue decreasing
evenoutsidethesezonesasEarthwarms.
“Oxygenisfundamentaltolifeinthe
oceans,”saidDeniseBreitburg,amarine
ecologistfromtheSmithsonianEnvironG
mentalResearchCenter.“Thedeclinein
oceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriG
ouseffectsofhuman activitiesonthe
Earths environment. Actualy,its a
masslosstoalthesupportservicesthat
relyonrecreationandtourism,including
hotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidrivers
andeverythingelse.Thereverberations
(影 响)ofunhealthyecosystemsinthe
oceancanbeextensive.”
Inareastraditionaly caled “dead
zones”,likethoseintheChesapeakeBay
andtheGulfof Mexico,oxygenplumG
mets(速降)tosuchlowlevelsthatmany
animalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,
theirhabitatsbecomesmalerandtheyre
easiertobeattackedorcaught.Butthe
problemgoesfarbeyond “deadzones”.
EventhesmaleroxygendeclinecanpreG
ventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproducG
tionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.It
canalsocausethereleaseofdangerous
chemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenG
housegasupto300timesmorepowerful
thancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimals
canboomin“deadzones”,overalbiodiG
versityfals.
Climatechangeisthekeycriminalin
theopenocean.Warmingsurfacewaters
makeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinG
sideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoG
ceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdsless
oxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnuG
trientpolutionfrom landcreatesalgal
blooms,whichuseupoxygenastheydie
andbreakdown.
Peopleslivelihoodsarealsoonthe
line,thescientistsreported,especialyin
developingnations.Smalerfisheries(渔
场)maybeunabletorelocatewhenlow
oxygendestroystheirharvestsorforces
fishto moveelsewhere.Sowehumans
havetocarry ona warnow and win
thewar.
5.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainly
talkabout?
A.TheoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxyG
gen.
B.TheamountofseawaterisincreasG
ing.
C.Thecoastalwatersaredangerous.
D.Earthbecomeswarmerandwarmer.
6.WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburgs
words?
A.DifferentoceanshavedifferentlevG
elsofoxygen.
B.Thedeclinein ocean oxygen has
greatinfluences.
C.Thefutureoftourismreliesonthe
levelsofoceanoxygen.
D.Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthe
mostserious environmentalprobG
lem.
7.Howdoesthe “deadzone”affectsea
animals?
A.Itoffersmorefood.
B.Itformsdangerousgas.
C.Itreducestheirlivingareas.
D.Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.
95
UNIT3 CONSERVATION
8.Howcanwewinthewaraccordingto
thetext?
A.Byclosingsmalerfisheries.
B.BycontrolinghumansbadactiviG
ties.
C.ByimprovingpeopleslivingstandG
ards.
D.Bystoppingnutrientsenteringthe
ocean.
Ⅱ.完形填空
AsourEarthstemperaturerisesbeG
causeofclimatechange,itishavingunG
expectedeffectsonourworldsforests.
Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheir
stomata(气孔)to 1 thelossof
water,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe
2 ofphotosynthesis (光 合 作
用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorter,
growmoreslowly,andthushavea 3
deathrate.
Climatechange alsoincreasesthe
4 ofdroughtsandwildfires.AfG
terwildfires,ittakesalongtimeforthe
forestsystemto 5 ,andinsome
cases,theforestsare 6 permaG
nently.Treesunderthecircumstancesare
also 7 toattacksbybacteria.In
tropicalforests,vines (藤本植物)that
usethetreesas 8 canoften
chokethetreesandrobthem ofnutriG
ents.Finaly,humanshave 9
the forestlandscape through logging.
Whentreesarereplantedinthesoil,they
mightnevergrowaslargeasthe 10
treesthatwerecutdown.
Astheseforestsdisappear,species
thatoncecaledthem “home”areforced
tochange, 11 thevarietyof
thosesystems. 12 ,someendanG
geredspeciesareunableto 13
anddie.OldGgrowthforestsaredisappeaG
ringintheregionsofourworld.When
these oldGgrowth forests die,younger
foreststhatarereestablishedinthesame
areawil growbackweakerandsmaler
14 poorvegetation.Withtrees
dyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,wil
futuregenerations 15 onthe
wondersofforests?
1.A.protect B.prevent
C.save D.free
2.A.movement B.situation
C.process D.operation
3.A.higher B.firmer
C.lighter D.smaler
4.A.choice B.measure
C.qualification D.chance
5.A.grow B.rescue
C.recover D.decline
6.A.ignored B.lost
C.hurt D.left
7.A.vulnerable B.enjoyable
C.acceptable D.favorable
8.A.attention B.command
C.trust D.support
9.A.frightened B.paid
C.ruined D.wasted
10.A.common B.original
C.distant D.strong
11.A.affecting B.improving
C.forgetting D.reflecting
12.A.Besides B.Surprisingly
C.Otherwise D.Unfortunately
13.A.devote B.keep
C.adapt D.lead
14.A.dueto B.inadditionto
C.insteadof D.inspiteof
15.A.passout B.missout
C.breakout D.bringout
06
选择性必修第一册(BSD)
3.A [推理判断题.根据第三段的最后一句可知,雄性
的成年狒狒常常从一群去到另外一群,更换伴侣,而
雌性的却保持与后代的稳定关系.这就相当于人类
的走婚.可见其后代只认识母亲而不认识父亲.]
4.D [词义猜测题.本段谈到为了度过困难时期,狒狒
的饮 食 是 多 样 化 的.根 据 本 段 中 的 “Baboonseat
grass.”可知,它们是食草动物,本段列举了很多草类
食物.最后一句中的also表明,除了这些草类食物之
外,为了活命,狒狒们也不排斥偶尔吃点肉类.也就
是说狒狒并不是对肉类食物视而不见.]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.科学家在南极洲发
现了神奇的、富含铁元素的“血瀑布”,此次发现提供给
我们许多有关地球的信息,这对生命的研究也许具有划
时代的意义.
5.C [推理判断题.根据第一段中的“Instead,thewaG
tergetsitscolorbecauseitsrichiniron.Whenthe
watercomesoutfromitsundergroundbeginning,the
ironisexposedtotheairandquicklyformsthered
rust.”可推测,“血瀑布”之所以有此名是因为水里富
含铁元素,而铁暴露在空气中,很快就会形成红色的
铁锈.故选C.]
6.D [细节理解题.根据第二段中的“ItshometomiG
crobesthatsurprisinglydontneedoxygentosurG
vive.”可知,这些微生物不需要氧气就能生存,这一点
令她感到惊讶.故选 D.]
7.A [细节理解题.根据第四段中的“Instead,theyare
abletoexistusingtheiron.”可知,这些微生物依靠铁
元素生存.故选 A.]
8.D [推理判断题.根据第三段中的“Theysuspected
thattheunderwaterlakeformedwhenagiantglacier,
now1,300feetthick,movedoverthesaltylakeatleast
1.5milionyearsago.”可知,她的团队觉得那个咸水
湖形成于至少150万年前,所以她认为它有点像时间
胶囊.故选 D.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文是说明文.文章主要介绍了洪水
来临时我们要采取的自救方法.
1.G [细节句.由空前的“Butflashfloodscandevelop
quickly,sometimesinjustafew minutesandwithout
anysignsofrain.”可知,暴洪具有迅速性与不可预防
性,空后的“Itcarriesrocksandmudandcansweep
awaymostthingsinitspath.”介绍了暴洪的威力,所
以设空处也应该是介绍暴洪,故 G项符合语境.]
2.B [细 节 句.由 空 前 的 “moveimmediatelytothe
higherground”可知,此处指在洪水来临时要及时转
移到较高的地方,强调及时性,所以B项符合语境.]
3.C [细节句.由空后的“Donottouchanyelectrical
equipmentifyouarewetorstandinginwater.”可知
此处在说有关电器的注意事项,C 项与下文连接紧
密,其中的electricalequipment属于原词复现.故选
C项.]
4.E [细节句.由前面的“Donotwalkthroughmoving
water.”可知,走在流动的水里是很危险的,E项承接
上文,是对空前的句子的解释,其中 movingwater是
原词复现.故选E项.]
5.A [主 旨 句.由 后 面 的 句 子 “Iffloodwaterrises
aroundyourcar,giveupthecarandmovetothehighG
erground”可知,开车遇到洪水时需要弃车.A 项是
祈使句,和上文形式一致,且 A项中的drive与下文中
的car相呼应,故选 A项.]
Ⅲ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.夏威夷拥有独特
的岛屿风光,但污染夺走了这里所有海滩的美丽.文章
讲述了夏威夷的污染情况以及所要采取的措施.
1.beauty [考查词性转换.根据空前的the及空后的
of可知,此处应用名词.故填beauty.]
2.buried [考查非谓语动词.固定结构:see+宾语+
宾语补足语.此处宾语cigarettebutts和bury之间是
一种动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语.故填
buried.]
3.What [考查主语从句.此处是主语从句,连接词在
从句中作主语,应用 what引导,指代“真正让我恼火
的事情”.又因为该单词位于句首,故填 What.]
4.tothrow [考查非谓语动词.betaughttodosth.
“被教导做某事”.故填tothrow.]
5.where [考查定语从句.此处是限制性定语从句,先
行词是place,在定语从句中作地点状语,应用关系副
词 where引导.故填 where.]
6.annoying [考查词性转换.根据语境可知,此处描述
的是“令人心烦的事情”,应使用Ging结尾的形容词.
故填annoying.]
7.ourselves [考查代词.根据语境可知,此处指“责备
我们自己”.故填ourselves.]
8.hardly [考查词性转换.根据句意,此处应用副词.
故填hardly.]
9.up [考查介词.根据语境可知,此处是短语pickup
“捡起”.故填up.]
10.before [考查状语从句.根据设空前后的逻辑关系
可知,before“在之前”符合语境.故填before.]
SECTION Ⅲ
基础性
Ⅰ.1.when 2.where 3.who 4.when 5.which
6.which 7.when 8.where 9.who 10.which
应用性
Ⅱ.1.whenIwentto 2.Astheteachertoldme
3.whosecompositionsarewelwritten 4.thathasnevG
erbeenput 5.thatleadsto 6.whichmakesitpossible
7.whereweretohave 8.whosehouse 9.onwhich
theywere 10.whichworriedhisparentsverymuch
综合性
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.澳大利亚政府评
估了大堡礁的水质状况.报告显示,大堡礁的污染已经
有所减少,但是其水质尚未达到环境指标.
1.D [细节理解题.根据第一段中的“Coralprovidesa
homeforanumberofseacreatures,suchasfishand
seasnakes.”可知,珊瑚为海洋生物提供栖息之地.故
选 D.]
2.D [推理判断题.根据第二段中的“Itclaimedthat
chemicalsandpolutionhavedecreasedtosomeexG
tent,butnotenoughtoreachenvironmentaltargets.
98
参考答案
ItsclearthatpreviousattemptstoprotecttheGreat
BarrierReefarefailing.”可知,澳大利亚政府的报告
显示,尽管污染有所减少,但是大堡礁的水质尚未达
到环境指标.很显然,先前保护大堡礁的努力是失败
的.由此可推测,大堡礁需要得到进一步的保护.故
选 D.]
3.B [细节理解题.根据第三段中史蒂夫迈尔斯说
的话“Whatismostdisturbingisthattheresultsare
actualyfarfromthegoals...IwouldbeabitdisapG
pointed.”可知,尽管政府投入 了 大 量 资 金 保 护 大 堡
礁,但是取得的成绩离目标尚远,而且去年几乎没有
取得任何进展,这令他有些失望.因此,史蒂夫迈
尔斯认 为 对 大 堡 礁 的 保 护 并 不 令 人 十 分 满 意.故
选B.]
4.C [主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章主要讲了澳大
利亚政府对大堡礁的水质状况进行了评估,这一评估
报告显示,大堡礁的污染已经有所减少,但是其水质
尚未达到环境指标.所以 C项“大堡礁受到污染”符
合文意.故选C.]
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文.在过去的五十年里,完全
缺乏氧的海水量增加了四倍多,这给海洋生物带来了巨
大的损害,各国必须采取措施制止这一现象.
5.A [主旨大意题.由第一段中的“theamountofwaG
terintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneup
morethanfourfold...lowGoxygensiteshaveincreased
morethantenfoldsince1950.Scientistsexpectoxygen
tocontinuedecreasing...”可知,本段讲述海洋中的氧
气正在减少,故选 A.]
6.B [推理判断题.从第二段中 DeniseBreitburg说的
“Thedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemost
seriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarthsenviG
ronment.”可以推断海洋中氧气的消失会对地球环境
产生巨大影响.]
7.C [细节理解题.由第三段中的“Asfishavoidthese
zones,theirhabitatsbecomesmaler”可知,因为鱼类
要避开这些死亡地带,所以它们的居住地在变小.]
8.B [推理判断题.由第二段可知,人类活动对海洋造
成了影响,因此要控制人类的有害的活动,故选B.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 由于气候变化,地球温度上升,这对世
界上的森林产生了意想不到的影响.
1.B [当温度上升时,树木会关闭气孔,以防止水分流
失.故选B.]
2.C [联系语境并结合常识可知,树木关闭气孔会减慢
光合 作 用 的 进 程.movement“活 动”;situation“情
况”;process“进程”;operation“操作”.故选C.]
3.A [根 据 上 文 中 的 “thesetreesareshorter,grow
moreslowly”可知,树木更加矮小,生长更加缓慢,因
此死亡率也会更高.故选 A.]
4.D [联系语境并结合常识可知,气候变化也增加了干
旱和野火发生的可能性.thechanceof...“的可
能性”.故选 D.]
5.C [联系语境并结合选项可知,野火焚烧了森林之
后,森林系统需要很长时间才能恢复(recover).故
选C.]
6.B [结合上文可知,野火焚烧了森林,森林需要很长
时间来恢复.并且在某些情况下,森林会永远无法恢
复.故选B.]
7.A [根据下文中的“toattacksbybacteria”可知,树木
易受到细菌的侵袭.vulnerable“脆弱的,易受伤
害的”.故选 A.]
8.D [根据空前的“vines(藤本植物)thatusethetrees”
并结合常识可知,藤本植物是以树木为支撑的,故 D
项符合语境.]
9.C [结合下文中的“theforestlandscapethroughlogG
ging”可知,此处指人类伐木已经毁坏了(ruined)森林
景观.故选C.]
10.B [当树木被重新种植在土壤里时,它们可能永远
不会长得像原来(original)被砍伐时的树那么大.故
选B.]
11.A [随着这些森林的消失,曾经把它们称为“家”的
物种被 迫 改 变,这 影 响 了 这 些 系 统 的 多 样 性.故
选 A.]
12.D [联系语境并结合选项可知,一些濒危物种无法
适应 而 死 亡. 故 Unfortunately“不 幸 的 是 ”符 合
文意.]
13.C [参见上题解析.adapt“适应”.故选C.]
14.A [当这些原始森林消失时,在同一地区重新建立
的较年轻 森 林 由 于 植 被 不 良,会 生 长 得 更 弱 更 小.
dueto“因为”;inadditionto“除了以外”;instead
of“而不是”;inspiteof“尽管”.故选 A.]
15.B [联系语境可知,此处表示随着树木不断死亡,子
孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗? missout“错过”.故
选B.]
SECTION Ⅳ
基础性
Ⅰ.1.realistic 2.innovative 3.council 4.chopsticks
5.carton 6.colection 7.shel 8.transportation
9.dirt 10.swalow
Ⅱ.1.arguments 2.wasteful 3.dirty 4.refilable
5.awareness 6.colections 7.anxiously 8.environG
mentaly 9.friendly 10.consumers
应用性
Ⅲ.1.Itisstupid 2.sothat 3.whendriving 4.isnt
it 5.Thatsounds
综合性
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章介绍了去年
席卷中国的沙尘暴大多来自国外的事实,并介绍了我国
目前土地荒漠化及沙地现状.
1.B [词义猜测题.根据第四段中的“andtheareaofsandy
landhasalsobeenfalingby1,284km2ayear”可知,沙
地面积每年也在减少1,284平方公里,根据句中关键
词and和also可知,本句与上句是并列关系,由此可
推断出上句中提到的“ThelandsufferingfromdeserG
tification”也应该是每年减少了7,585平方公里.GoG
ingdown意为“下降”,符合语境.故选B项.]
2.C [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 一 段 中 的 “Mostofthe
sandstormsthathadsweptChinalastyearoriginated
fromforeignland,aChineseofficialinchargeofdeG
sertificationcontrolsaidonMonday.”可知,席卷中国
的沙尘暴大多来自国外.故选C项.]
09
选择性必修第一册(BSD)