专题6 完形填空和语法填空

专题六 完形填空和语法填空 Ⅰ.完形填空(共60小题；每小题1分，满分60分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A Not every child is lucky.There are kids out there who are__1__ a father­like figure in their life to help guide them.For kids, William Dunn is that person.His Take a Kid Fishing, an organization in Lakeland, Florida, helped fatherless kids through the __2__ of fishing. A dozen years ago, Dunn__3__ his six­year­old neighbor, John, seemed __4__.He would run out of the house, shouting at his mom.Once in a small __5__ with the boy, Dunn knew his dad wasn't in his life. Having asked John's mom for__6__， he took him fishing.John was very happy for his first fishing trip.The two fished together several times a week and Dunn saw positive__7__ in John's behavior.That was when he __8__ that he needed to help those kids. Dunn thinks “Fishing is so__9__， and it is like an escape.” On weekends, he and a few other __10__ take 20 to 25 kids out fishing.Many kids have never been fishing or even on a boat, so Dunn starts by teaching them __11__ skills.Then come the life __12__：patience, teamwork and the __13__ of relaxing in the outdoors.John, now 20, still __14__ fishes together with Dunn and sees Dunn as a father figure. William Dunn is an everyday hero.He said “If I could be a__15__ for one more kid, it's worth it.” For many children, their life has been changed because of William Dunn's acts of kindness. 1.A.in need of　　 B.in honor of　　 C.in memory of　 D.in charge of 2.A.knowledge B.sport C.symbol D.practice 3.A.noticed B.studied C.understood D.laughed 4.A.awkward B.satisfied C.angry D.bored 5.A.discussion B.fight C.information D.talk 6.A.food B.health C.money D.permission 7.A.thanks B.jumps C.changes D.matches 8.A.realized B.recited C.remembered D.repeated 9.A.thankful B.careful C.peaceful D.successful 10.A.farmers B.visitors C.reporters D.volunteers 11.A.heavy B.basic C.safe D.most 12.A.lessons B.ideas C.actions D.grades 13.A.form B.joy C.smile D.problem 14.A.possibly B.suddenly C.regularly D.necessarily 15.A.dream B.joke C.tool D.light B (2024·四川成都期中)There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __1__ home from work in the evenings. A man will be __2__ the newspaper, and seconds later it appears as if he is trying to eat it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger __3__ next to him. __4__ place where unplanned short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so __5__ that the professor has to ask another student to __6__ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the weight of the head pushes the arm off the __7__， and the movement carries the __8__ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no __9__ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __10__. Police reports are full of __11__ that occur when people fall into sleep and go off the road. If the drivers are __12__ they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, __13__，went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __14__ and thought it was raining. When people are really __15__， nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are. 1.A.way B.track C.path D.road 2.A.buying B.selling C.listening D.reading 3.A.lying B.waiting C.talking D.sitting 4.A.Next B.Every C.Another D.One 5.A.bravely B.happily C.loudly D.carefully 6.A.leave B.shake C.keep D.watch 7.A.classroom B.desk C.shoulder D.book 8.A.action B.position C.rest D.side 9.A.memory B.reason C.question D.purpose 10.A.thinking B.working C.walking D.driving 11.A.accidents B.events C.ideas D.changes 12.A.calm B.cold C.lucky D.strong 13.A.in time B.at first C.as usual D.for example 14.A.dust B.water C.grass D.bush 15.A.tired B.drunk C.lonely D.lazy C When the TV station reported a coming cold storm in southeast Idaho, farmers immediately took__1__.Most of the farmers had to work 16－18 hours a day to get their potatoes, before the cold air fell deep into the soil.Snow was__2__hard and fast.However, one farmer in Hamer, Idaho, about 32 miles north of Idaho Falls, was__3__to gather all of his crop in time. Realizing his__4__， his neighbors, working unitedly with their fellow farmers, sent their workers to__5__his crop.With trucks loaded with equipment, __6__workers and farmers didn't think twice about reaching out to a farmer__7__. Dozens of members of the__8__also joined in the help.They all showed up just in time as temperatures hit 2__9__ overnight.Jason Larson, a farmer who lived nearby, sent 25 workers to__10__in the emergency operations.With the crisis averted (避免), it is__11__that the community worked hand in hand to save several hundred thousand dollars__12__of potatoes. Larson witnessed (见证) all this and said, “It was just kind of neat to see everyone help.It was pretty__13__to help someone in need.What people do is that they help their neighbor.There__14__wasn't a second thought about it.This kind of thing__15__every day.” 1.A.action B.effect C.part D.charge 2.A.rising B.rushing C.quitting D.falling 3.A.lucky B.unable C.easy D.slow 4.A.fortune B.mind C.trouble D.question 5.A.buy B.plant C.sell D.save 6.A.overtired B.terrified C.confident D.satisfied 7.A.on end B.in need C.at times D.at all 8.A.community B.company C.station D.school 9.A.points B.areas C.degrees D.squares 10.A.escape B.focus C.watch D.assist 11.A.promised B.said C.proved D.admitted 12.A.size B.quantity C.worth D.quality 13.A.cool B.hard C.clever D.shy 14.A.only B.mostly C.mildly D.really 15.A.goes off B.goes on C.passes away D.fades away D (2025·辽宁高一联考)Usually, waiting for the holidays is the most beautiful and expected moment, when people can meet their friends and eat together.However, not everyone can __1__ such a nice life. One day, Carmen Mendes, a beautiful lady, went for a walk and dinner with her husband during the holidays.They were at a__2__ waiting for their fresh meal when she noticed a(n) __3__ woman at the front door.The woman was __4__ the passers­by and diners to hand their scraps (剩饭) to her.Some people just __5__ her and passed her by while others just threw their scraps in front of her.The scene was so __6__ for Carmen that she was much struck and __7__ to give hers, with a smile and respect.Then, when she met the __8__ at the entrance and handed her meal to her, __9__ she felt that she did something __10__. As Carmen said, she had__11__ the homeless for many years, so she had a special __12__ for them.Soon, quickly changing her __13__， she asked the woman to sit and eat a fresh meal.As she was very __14__， Carmen immediately ordered fresh chicken strips with fried potato for the woman to have. The kind gesture__15__ the woman so much that she was moved to tears! Then, both of them had an emotional hug! 1.A.change B.afford C.illustrate D.resist 2.A.supermarket B.cinema C.restaurant D.bookstore 3.A.homeless B.athletic C.neat D.wicked 4.A.reminding B.allowing C.forcing D.begging 5.A.admired B.ignored C.comforted D.identified 6.A.touching B.bitter C.fancy D.unfamiliar 7.A.struggled B.preferred C.determined D.arranged 8.A.partner B.passers­by C.consumer D.woman 9.A.particularly B.suddenly C.originally D.specifically 10.A.wrong B.beneficial C.informal D.powerful 11.A.thought of B.chatted with C.worked with D.stood for 12.A.confidence B.solution C.addiction D.respect 13.A.clothes B.mind C.menu D.posters 14.A.hungry B.ashamed C.generous D.homesick 15.A.attracted B.frightened C.impressed D.challenged Ⅱ.语法填空(共40小题；每小题1.5分，满分60分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A (2024·贵州六盘水期中)Ethnic costumes (民族服装) in China, 1.________ (especial) those of the Dong people, are well­known 2.________ their lively colors and detailed patterns. The Dong, located mainly in Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, and Guangxi, have owned a rich heritage (遗产) in arts and crafts, including 3.________ (they) famous liangbu. Liangbu is a special cloth, dyed (染) a deep blue from wild plants, and woven (织) with detailed patterns. It symbolizes the Dong's wisdom, 4.________ (connect) to nature, and adaptability to their cool, wet environment. 5.________ (make) liangbu is not easy. The process starts with spinning cotton threads, then dyeing them. The finished cloth is beaten many times to make it strong and long­lasting for use in farming. It's a valuable tradition 6.________ was passed down from mothers to daughters. Yang Shenghua, a Dong villager, learned this craft from her mother at a young age. Women wear liangbu dresses with colorful flowers, while men's are much 7.________ (simple). Liangbu holds important cultural value. It's given as a wedding gift from mothers to daughters, and grandmothers present woven baby carriers to new mothers. These practices strengthen family ties across 8.________ (generation). Today，liangbu 9.________ (recognize) as a national­level intangible cultural heritage, showing the Dong's ingenuity and craftsmanship. Its making is not just a skill, 10.________ a living testament (证明) to the Dong people's creativity, weaving together tradition and modernity. B Walking into the Palace Museum, visitors put 1.________ (they) in an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture.But 2.________ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it.3.________ (improve) its capacity for cultural exhibition, communication, tourism services and heritage protection, the Palace Museum makes use of traditional restoration techniques and modern science 4.________ technology. 5.________ (equip) with a research team, the Palace Museum has been exploring ways to protect the heritage.So far, the research team 6.________ (develop) and integrated 14 types of special monitoring equipment with independent intellectual property rights(IPR).The historical risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system, risk judgment and early warning systems, and preventive measures.With the 7.________ (introduce) of AI, big data and cloud computing, the museum has also established a complete monitoring and response system and an emergency platform for the immovable cultural heritage. 8.________ (additional), digital technologies have been applied by the Palace Museum to protect cultural 9.________ (relic).It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information, and has collected 1，500 3D models and high­precision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas, bringing cultural resources to life and offering better digital services 10.________ Internet users.The Palace Museum is truly an amazing example of integrating modern and traditional technologies to preserve the cultural heritage. C (2025·沧州高一期中)Held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, Double Ninth Festival is also called Chongyang Festival.In Chinese, nine 1.________ (be) thought to be the number of Yang.The ninth day of the ninth month is the day 2.________ has two Yang numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double.This is what the name Chongyang means.It is a day for people 3.________ (eat) Chongyang cake, drink chrysanthemum (菊花) wine, climb mountains, 4.________ enjoy chrysanthemums.These 5.________ (interest) activities add to the joy of Chongyang Festival. It is said that by climbing a high mountain, diseases could be prevented.Many widely­known poems 6.________ (create) by poets in the Tang Dynasty (618－907) describing the scene and feeling of mountain climbing.Now, family members or good friends gather to climb mountains to enjoy the beauty of nature and share the 7.________ (happy) of the holiday with each other. As chrysanthemums blossom (开花) during 8.________ festival, it is a pleasure to enjoy the chrysanthemums in parks.Grand chrysanthemum exhibitions (展览) are held, attracting a large number of 9.________ (visitor). Wearing dogwood, a kind of plant that can drive away bad luck in people's values, was very popular in the old days.Now, some people still decorate 10.________ (they) houses with dogwood on that day. D As the weather warms up and spring ingredients(食材)become available, chefs in Beijing are experimenting with fresh and flavorful dishes 1.________ (particular) with tender and flavorful spring bamboo shoots(竹笋). Beijing restaurant Xin Ming Yuan greets spring 2.________ warming soups.The eight seasonal soups 3.________ (select) by chef Li Xiang in response to the vibrant(充满生机的)and relaxing nature that spring brings.The double­boiled turtle soup with Chinese herbs and pigeon is 4.________ standout.In this soup, cordyceps flowers(虫草花), 5.________ are neither cold nor dry to the body, are simmered with pigeon and turtle to produce a golden soup with a lingering flavor. Xunchu Jitang，a restaurant from Jiangsu and Zhejiang province, will update both 6.________ (it) menu and environment this spring.Fried shepherd's purse with spring bamboo shoots, a 7.________ (combine) of freshness, is the must try.Fried broad bean with garlic is another signature as the broad bean is one of the most popular beans 8.________ (produce) in spring time. Modern Yunnan cuisine restaurant Ban Shan Yao from Under Clouds is bringing the spring of Yunnan to the capital.The spring menu, themed “wildness”， 9.________ (feature) bulb fennel(茴香)salad, preserved pork with bamboo shoots and fried red beans with mint.The new dish is worthy of 10.________ (try) as it blended with a black truffle sauce from Yunnan. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题六　完形填空和语法填空 Ⅰ.完形填空 A——[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Dunn创立一个慈善组织，通过外出钓鱼活动帮助那些父亲不在生活中的孩子们的故事。 1.A　考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：有很多孩子在他们的生活中需要一个像父亲一样的人来帮助他们。A.in need of需要；B.in honor of为向……表示敬意；C.in memory of为了纪念……；D.in charge of负责，掌管。根据语境及下文中的“Once in a small__5__with the boy, Dunn knew his dad wasn't in his life.”可推断，此空指的是“需要”一个像父亲一样的人物引导他们。故选A。 2.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的“带孩子去钓鱼”是佛罗里达州莱克兰市的一个组织，通过钓鱼运动帮助那些没有父亲的孩子。A.knowledge知识；B.sport运动；C.symbol象征，符号；D.practice训练，实践。根据常识及下文中的fishing可知，钓鱼是一项运动。故选B。 3.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几年前，Dunn注意到他六岁的邻居John似乎很生气。A.notice注意到；B.study学习，研究；C.understand理解；D.laugh大笑。根据下文中的“He would run out of the house, shouting at his mom.”可知，此处指的是Dunn“注意到”的情况。故选A。 4.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十几年前，Dunn注意到他六岁的邻居John似乎很生气。A.awkward令人尴尬的；B.satisfied满足的；C.angry生气的；D.bored厌倦的。根据下文中的“He would run out of the house, shouting at his mom.”可知，John跑出屋子，还朝他妈妈大喊大叫，由此可知，此处指的是他很“生气”符合语境。故选C。 5.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次和那个男孩谈话时，Dunn知道他的父亲不在他的生活中。A.discussion讨论；B.fight战斗，打仗；C.information信息；D.talk谈话。根据下文中的“Dunn knew his dad wasn't in his life.”可知，Dunn了解到John没有父亲在他生活中，所以此处是通过“谈话”得知的情况。故选D。 6.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：征得John妈妈的同意后，他带他去钓鱼。A.food食物；B.health健康；C.money金钱；D.permission允许，同意。根据下文中的“he took him fishing.”可知，要带别人家孩子外出应征得他妈妈的“允许”。故选D。 7.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人每周一起钓鱼几次，Dunn看到了John行为上的积极变化。A.thank感谢；B.jump跳跃；C.change变化；D.match比赛。根据下文中的“For many children, their life has been changed because of William Dunn's acts of kindness.”可知，此处指的是看到John的“变化”。故选C。 8.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，他意识到他需要帮助那些孩子。A.realize意识到，实现；B.recite背诵；C.remember记住；D.repeat重复。根据上文中的“The two fished together several times a week and Dunn saw positive__7__in John's behavior.”可知，Dunn看到John的变化，“意识到”要去帮那些与John一样的孩子。故选A。 9.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dunn认为“钓鱼很安静，就像一种解脱。”A.thankful感激的；B.careful小心的；C.peaceful和平的，安静的；D.successful成功的。根据下文中的“and it is like an escape.”可知，出去钓鱼就像是解脱一样，所以此处指的是“安静的”符合语境。故选C。 10.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在周末，他和其他一些志愿者带着20到25个孩子去钓鱼。A.farmer农民；B.visitor参观者；C.reporter记者；D.volunteer志愿者。根据上文中的“His Take a Kid Fishing, an organization in Lakeland, Florida, helped fatherless kids through the__2__of fishing.”可知，在一个慈善组织中，应该是他与其他的“志愿者”带孩子们出去钓鱼。故选D。 11.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多孩子从来没有钓鱼，甚至没有坐过船，所以Dunn开始教他们基本的技能。A.heavy重的；B.basic基本的；C.safe安全的；D.most大部分的。根据上文中的“Many kids have never been fishing or even on a boat”可知，孩子们从未钓过鱼，甚至没坐过船，所以Dunn教他们“基本的”技能。故选B。 12.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来是人生课程：耐心、团队合作和在户外放松的乐趣。A.lesson课，教训；B.idea想法，主意；C.action行动；D.grade年级，等级。根据下文中的“patience, teamwork and the__13__of relaxing in the outdoors”可知，耐心，团队合作等属于人生“课程”。故选A。 13.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来是人生课程：耐心、团队合作和在户外放松的乐趣。A.form表格；B.joy快乐；C.smile微笑；D.problem问题。根据下文中的“of relaxing in the outdoors”可知，在户外放松应该是“快乐”符合语境。故选B。 14.C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：现年20岁的John仍然经常和Dunn一起钓鱼，并把Dunn视为父亲。A.possibly可能；B.suddenly突然；C.regularly定期地，经常；D.necessarily必要地。根据下文中的“and sees Dunn as a father figure”可知，John把Dunn看作父亲一样的人物，由此可推断，此处应为“经常”与John去钓鱼。故选C。 15.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说“如果我能再照亮一个孩子，那就值得了。”。A.dream梦想；B.joke 笑话；C.tool工具；D.light光亮。根据讲述的Dunn对John的影响以及下文中的“For many children, their life has been changed because of William Dunn's acts of kindness.”可知，此处指的是Dunn认为，如果自己如“光亮”一样，能再照亮一个孩子，这是值得的。故选D。 B——[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了很多时候人们疲惫了就会打瞌睡，当疲惫时不论身在何处都会很快入睡的现象。 1.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以看到有很多人在晚上下班回家的公共汽车或火车上睡觉。A.way路；B.track踪迹；C.path小路；D.road马路。根据上文的“We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train”以及下文的“from work in the evenings”可知，此处指的是在下班回家的路上，on the way home意为“在回家的路上”。故选A。 2.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人正在看报纸，但几秒钟后，他看起来像想把报纸吃掉。A.buying购买；B.selling卖；C.listening听；D.reading阅读，看。根据生活常识和下文的“and seconds later it appears as if be is trying to eat it”可知，此处指的是人们在看报纸的时候，瞌睡了就像要把报纸吃掉一样。故选D。 3.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者他会靠着坐在他旁边的陌生人的肩膀睡着。A.lying平躺；B.waiting等待；C.talking谈论；D.sitting坐。根据生活常识和上文中的“A man will be __2__ the newspaper, and seconds later it appears as if he is trying to eat it.”可知，这个看报纸的人睡着了，结合下文的“next to him”可知，此处讲述的是这个人应该是坐在座位上，所以也可能会靠着“坐”在他旁边的陌生人的肩膀上睡着。故选D。 4.C　考查限定词和形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个发生意外短睡的地方是在讲堂里，学生会开始打鼾，声音如此之大，以至于教授不得不让另一个学生把睡觉的人摇醒。A.Next下一个；B.Every每一个；C.Another另一个；D.One一个。根据上文的“There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.”可知，人们在累的时候有很多地方人们都可能睡着，结合上文中列举的例子可知，此处指的是“另一个”因为累而睡着的地方。故选C。 5.C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一个发生意外短睡的地方是在讲堂里，学生会开始打鼾，声音如此之大，以至于教授不得不让另一个学生把睡觉的人摇醒。A.bravely勇敢地；B.happily快乐地；C.loudly大声地；D.carefully认真地。根据上文中的“where a student will start snoring (打鼾)”可知，在讲堂睡着的学生开始打鼾，由此可知，此处应为“大声地”符合语境。故选C。 6.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个发生意外短睡的地方是在讲堂里，学生会开始打鼾，声音如此之大，以至于教授不得不让另一个学生把睡觉的人摇醒。A.leave离开；B.shake摇；C.keep保持；D.watch观看。根据上文的“__4__ place where unplanned short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so __5__ that the professor has to ask another student”可知，因为学生打鼾声太大了，所以教授不得不要求另一个学生把睡觉的同学“摇”醒，符合语境。故选B。 7.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：更尴尬的情况是，当学生开始入睡时，头部的重量将手臂推离桌子，身体的其他部分也随之移动。A.classroom教室；B.desk课桌；C.shoulder肩膀；D.book书。根据生活常识和上文的“A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the weight of the head pushes the arm off”可知，学生在上课时睡觉，应该是趴在桌子上，所以，此处指的是将手臂推离“桌子”符合语境。故选B。 8.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：更尴尬的情况是，当学生开始入睡时，头部的重量将手臂推离桌子，身体的其他部分也随之移动。A.action行动；B.position姿势；C.rest其他部分；D.side侧边。根据生活常识和上文的“the movement carries”以及下文的“of the body along”可知，由于睡着的学生头部趴在桌子上，学生睡着后头部的重量将手臂推离桌子，而手臂的移动会携带身体的“其他部分”符合语境。故选C。 9.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生在地板上醒来，不记得自己到过那里。A.memory记忆；B.reason原因；C.question问题；D.purpose目的。根据语境和上文的“The student wakes up on the floor”以及下文的“getting there”可知，在课堂上睡着而掉在地上的学生醒来后应该是不记得自己怎么到地板上的，with no memory of意为“不记得”符合语境。故选A。 10.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡着最糟糕的时间是在开车时。A.thinking认为；B.working工作；C.walking散步；D.driving开车。根据下文的“Police reports are full of __11__ that occur when people fall into sleep and go off the road.”可知，此处讲述的是警察报告中提到的司机睡着了而开车偏离道路，由此可知，此处表示最糟糕的入睡时间是“开车”时，符合语境。故选D。 11.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方的报告中充满了人们在睡梦中离开道路时发生的事故。A.accidents事故；B.events重大事件；C.ideas想法；D.changes改变。根据下文的“when people fall into sleep and go off the road”可知，人们开车睡着后会离开道路，由此可知，此处指的是交通“事故”符合语境。故选A。 12.C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果司机幸运的话，他们不会受重伤。A.calm冷静的；B.cold寒冷的；C.lucky幸运的；D.strong强壮的。根据下文的“they are not seriously hurt”可知，发生交通事故而没有受到严重伤害，由此可知，司机是“幸运的”符合语境。故选C。 13.D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一名女士的车掉进了河里。A.in time及时；B.at first首先；C.as usual像往常一样；D.for example例如。根据语境和上文中的“If the drivers are __12__ they are not seriously hurt”可知，上文提到了驾驶员发生交通事故而没有受伤的事情，结合“One woman's car”以及下文的“went into the river.”可知，此处列举了一名女士的车掉进了河里的实例来说明开车时睡着的危害，所以此处表示“例如”符合语境。故选D。 14.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在四英尺深的水中醒来，以为在下雨。A.dust灰尘；B.water水；C.grass草；D.bush灌木。根据上文的“One woman's car, __13__，went into the river”可知，一位女士开车掉进河里，结合下文中的“and thought it was raining.”可知，这位女士认为正在下雨，由此可推断，此处指的是在“水”中醒来，符合语境。故选B。 15.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人们真的累了，没有什么能阻止他们入睡——不管他们在哪里。A.tired累的；B.drunk醉酒的；C.lonely孤独的；D.lazy懒惰的。根据上文中的“There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.”可知，人们在很累的时候，在哪里都可以睡着，所以，此处指的是“累的，疲惫的”符合语境。故选A。 C——[语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。讲述了在寒流来临时，附近邻居和社区居民帮助一位农民收庄稼的善举。 1.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当电视台报道了爱达荷州东南部即将到来的冷风暴时，农民们立即采取了行动。A.action行动；B.effect影响；C.part部分；D.charge费用。根据前文“When the TV station reported a coming cold storm in southeast Idaho”可知，有冷风暴即将到来，因此推断农民立即开始采取行动。take action“采取行动”。故选A。 2.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：雪下得又大又快。A.rise上升；B.rush冲；C.quit放弃；D.fall降落。根据前文“a coming cold storm”可知，冷风暴来袭，下了大雪。故选D。 3.B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，位于爱达荷州瀑布以北约32英里的爱达荷州哈默的一位农民不能及时收集他所有的庄稼。 A.lucky幸运的；B.unable不能的；C.easy容易的；D.slow展示。根据下文“his neighbors, working unitedly with their fellow farmers, sent their workers to__5__his crop”可知，人们来帮忙，因此可知这位农民不能及时收集他所有的庄稼。故选B。 4.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们意识到他的麻烦后，联合其他农民，派工人来挽救他的庄稼。A.fortune运气；B.mind头脑；C.trouble麻烦；D.question问题。根据上文“However, one farmer in Hamer, Idaho, about 32 miles north of Idaho Falls, was__3__to gather all of his crop in time.”可知，这位农民遇到了麻烦，不能收集所有的庄稼。故选C。 5.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们意识到他的麻烦后，联合其他农民，派工人来挽救他的庄稼。A.buy买；B.plant种植；C.sell卖；D.save挽救。根据前文“his neighbors, working unitedly with their fellow farmers”可知，邻居来帮忙收割庄稼，挽救他的庄稼。故选D。 6.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡车上装满了设备，劳累过度的工人和农民毫不犹豫地向有需要的农民伸出援助之手。A.overtired劳累过度的；B.terrified极度惊慌的；C.confident自信的；D.satisfied满意的。根据前文“Most of the farmers had to work 16－18 hours a day to get their potatoes, before the cold air fell deep into the soil”可知，工人和农民每天工作16到18个小时，理应是非常疲惫的。故选A。 7.B　考查固定短语辨析。句意：卡车上装满了设备，劳累过度的工人和农民毫不犹豫地向有需要的农民伸出援助之手。A.on end连续的；B.in need在危难中；C.at times有时；D.at all根本。根据前文“However, one farmer in Hamer, Idaho, about 32 miles north of Idaho Falls, was__3__to gather all of his crop in time”可知，这个农民处于危难中。故选B。 8.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：数十名社区成员也加入了援助。A.community社区；B.company公司；C.station车站；D.school学校。根据前文“his neighbors”可知，社区的人们来帮忙。故选A。 9.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在夜间气温达到2度时，他们及时来到。A.point点；B.area区域；C.degree程度，度；D.square广场。根据前文“before the cold air fell deep into the soil”可知，冷空气来袭，气温下降到2度。故选C。 10.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：住在附近的农民拉森(Jason Larson)派出了25名工人协助紧急救援行动。A.escape逃跑；B.focus集中；C.watch观看；D.assist援助。根据前文“sent 25 workers”可知，Jason Larson也派出了25个工人参与救助。故选D。 11.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着危机的避免，据说社区携手合作，挽救了价值几十万美元的土豆。A.promise允诺；B.say说；C.prove证明；D.admit承认。下文“the community worked hand in hand to save several hundred thousand dollars__12__of potatoes”是有人说的。故选B。 12.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着危机的避免，据说社区携手合作，挽救了价值几十万美元的土豆。A.size大小；B.quantity数量；C.worth价值；D.quality品质；质量。根据前文“the community worked hand in hand to save several hundred thousand dollars”可知，社区共同协作挽救了价值几十万的土豆。故选C。 13.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：帮助处于危难的人是件很酷的事。A.cool酷的；B.hard艰难的；C.clever聪明的；D.shy害羞的。根据下文“to help someone in need”可知，帮助处于危难的人是一件很酷的事情。故选A。 14.D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真的没有多想过。A.only仅仅；B.mostly大部分；C.mildly轻微地；D.really真正地。根据前文“What people do is that they help their neighbor”可知，Larson说人们所做的就是帮助邻居，真的没有想其它的。故选D。 15.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种事情每天都在发生。A.go off爆炸；B.go on发生；C.pass away去世；D.fade away消失。根据前文“What people do is that they help their neighbor.There__14__wasn't a second thought about it.”可知，Larson认为人们所做的就是帮助邻居，没有多想，这种帮助邻居的事情是每天都会发生的事情。故选B。 D——[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Carmen和丈夫在散步吃饭的时候帮助了一位无家可归的妇女的故事。 1.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是不是每个人都承受得起这种美好的生活。A.change改变；B.afford支付得起；C.illustrate说明；D.resist抵抗。根据下文“The woman was __4__ the passers­by and diners to hand their scraps (剩饭) to her.”可知，穷人吃不起饭，更不要说美好生活了，故选B。 2.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在一家餐馆等待新鲜的饭菜，这时她注意到前门有一个无家可归的女人。A.supermarket超级市场；B.cinema电影院；C.restaurant餐馆；D.bookstore书店。根据后文“waiting for their fresh meal”可知，Carmen是在餐馆等待吃饭。故选C。 3.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在一家餐馆等待新鲜的饭菜，这时她注意到前门有一个无家可归的女人。A.homeless无家可归的；B.athletic爱好运动的；C.neat整洁的；D.wicked邪恶的。根据后文“The woman was __4__ the passers­by and diners to hand their scraps (剩饭) to her.”可知，Carmen注意到了一个无家可归的妇女。故选A。 4.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名妇女乞求路人和食客将他们的残羹剩饭递给她。A.remind提醒；B.allow允许；C.force迫使；D.beg乞求。根据下文“while others just threw their scraps in front of her”可知，有人扔食物给她，因此她在乞求路人和食客将他们的残羹剩饭递给她，故选D。 5.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人只是不理她，从她身边经过，而另一些人只是把他们的残羹剩饭扔到她面前。A.admire钦佩；B.ignore不理睬；C.comfort安慰；D.identify确定。根据后文“and passed her by while others just threw their scraps in front of her.”可知，一些人不理睬她从她旁边经过了，而有些人把剩饭扔给她。故选B。 6.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一幕对Carmen来说是如此令人同情的，以至于她受到了触动，并决心带着微笑和尊重给予她食物。A.touching令人同情的；B.bitter苦的；C.fancy花哨的；D.unfamiliar陌生的。根据后文“that she was much struck”可知，这一幕对Carmen来说是如此令人同情的。故选A。 7.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一幕对Carmen来说是如此令人同情的，以至于她受到了触动，并决心带着微笑和尊重给予她食物。A.struggle挣扎；B.prefer首选；C.determine决定；D.arrange安排。根据前文“that she was much struck”可知，这场面如此触动，Carmen决定把自己的食物给她。故选C。 8.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当她在门口遇到女人，把饭菜递给她时，她突然觉得自己做错了什么。A.partner伙伴；B.passers­by路人；C.consumer消费者；D.woman女人。根据上文“woman ”可知， Carmen到门口去见这个无家可归的妇女，把饭递给她。故选D。 9.B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，当她在门口遇到女人，把饭菜递给她时，她突然觉得自己做错了什么。A.particularly特别地；B.suddenly突然地；C.originally最初地；D.specifically具体地。根据后文“Soon, quickly changing her __13__， she asked the woman to sit and eat a fresh meal”可知，Carmen突然觉得自己做错了什么。故选B。 10.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，当她在门口遇到女人，把饭菜递给她时，她突然觉得自己做错了什么。A.wrong错的；B.beneficial有益的；C.informal非正式的；D.powerful强大的。根据上文“handed her meal to her”和下文“she asked the woman to sit and eat a fresh meal”以及“Carmen immediately ordered fresh chicken strips with fried potato for the woman to have”可知，她意识到把自己的食物给那个女人的做法不够尊重，即是错的，故选A。 11.C　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：正如Carmen所说，她多年来一直与无家可归者打交道，所以她对他们特别尊重。A.think of想到；B.chat with与……交谈；C.work with与……打交道；D.stand for代表。根据下文“she had a special __12__ for them”可知，Carmen做了很多年和无家可归的人有关的工作，因此对他们有一种特殊的尊重。故选C。 12.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如Carmen所说，她多年来一直与无家可归者打交道，所以她对他们特别尊重。A.confidence自信；B.solution解决办法；C.addiction上瘾；D.respect尊重。根据上文“with a smile and respect”可知，她多年来和穷人相处，帮助穷人，同情他们，尊重他们，故选D。 13.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，她迅速改变了主意，让那个女人坐下来吃一顿新鲜的饭菜。A.clothes衣服；B.mind主意；C.menu菜单；D.posters海报。根据前文“she met the __8__at the entrance and handed her meal to her”和后文“she asked the woman to sit and eat a fresh meal”可知，Carmen改变了主意。故选B。 14.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于她很饿，Carmen立即点了新鲜的鸡肉条和炸土豆给女人吃。A.hungry饥饿的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.generous慷慨的；D.homesick思乡的。根据上文“The woman was__4__the passers­by and diners to hand their scraps (剩饭) to her.”以及后文“Carmen immediately ordered fresh chicken strips with fried potato for the woman to have”可知，这个无家可归的妇女太饿了。故选A。 15.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个善意的举动给这个妇女留下了深刻印象以至于感动地流下了眼泪。A.attract吸引；B.frighten害怕；C.impress印象深刻；D.challenge挑战。根据下文“she was moved to tears”可知，这个善意的举动给这个妇女留下了深刻印象以至于感动地流下了眼泪，故选C。 Ⅱ.语法填空 A——[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国特别是侗族的民族服饰，特别是其著名的亮布，详细描述了亮布的制作过程、文化价值以及在现代社会中的地位，展现了侗族人民的智慧和工艺水平。 1.especially　考查副词。句意：中国的少数民族服装，尤其是侗族服装，以其鲜艳的色彩和细致的图案而闻名。空处修饰整个句子，用副词修饰。故填especially。 2.for　考查介词。句意：中国的少数民族服装，尤其是侗族服装，以其鲜艳的色彩和细致的图案而闻名。此处是固定搭配：be well­known for意为“以……而闻名”。故填for。 3.their　考查代词。句意：侗族主要分布在贵州、湖南、湖北和广西，拥有丰富的工艺美术遗产，其中包括著名的凉布。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。 4.connection　考查名词。句意：它象征着侗族的智慧，与自然的联系，以及对凉爽潮湿环境的适应能力。根据and可知，空处和wisdom以及后文的adaptability并列，所以应填名词作宾语，connect的名词形式是connection。故填connection。 5.Making　考查非谓语动词。句意：做亮布并不容易。本句缺少主语，应用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Making。 6.that/which　考查定语从句。句意：这是母亲传给女儿的宝贵传统。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tradition，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that/which。 7.simpler　考查形容词。句意：女人穿有鲜艳花朵的两步裙，而男人则简单得多。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，此处是用男人的穿着和女人比较，用比较级。且much修饰比较级。故填simpler。 8.generations　考查名词的数。句意：这些做法加强了几代人之间的家庭联系。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故填generations。 9.is recognized　考查动词时态和语态。句意：今天，亮布被认定为国家级非物质文化遗产，展示了侗族的匠心和工艺。本句缺少谓语，所以recognize作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，和主语liangbu之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is recognized。 10.but　考查连词。句意：它的制作不仅仅是一种技艺，更是侗族人民创造力的生动证明，他们将传统与现代编织在一起。此处是固定搭配：not just...but...意为“不仅是……而且……”。故填but。 B——[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。 1.themselves　考查反身代词。句意：走进故宫博物院，游客们仿佛置身于一个充满中国文化特色的建筑群之中。句中宾语和主语是同一指代对象，故用反身代词作宾语，故填themselves。 2.what　考查主语从句。句意：但看不到的是其背后的科学技术。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代事物，应用连接词代词what。故填what。 3.To improve　考查动词不定式。句意：为了提高故宫博物院的文化展示、传播、旅游服务和遗产保护能力，故宫博物院利用传统修复技术和现代科学技术。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填To improve。 4.and　考查连词。句意同上。science和technology之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接，science and technology科学技术，故填and。 5.Equipped　考查过去分词。句意：故宫博物院配备了一个研究小组，一直在探索保护遗产的方法。非谓语动词equip和逻辑主语the Palace Museum之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Equipped。 6.has developed　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究团队已经开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的专用监测设备。根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语team表单数含义，助动词用has，故填has developed。 7.introduction　考查名词。句意：通过人工智能、大数据、云计算的引入，博物馆还建立了完整的非移动文化遗产监测响应系统和应急平台。结合空前的the可知，空处应填名词作介词With的宾语，introduction引进，不可数名词，故填introduction。 8.Additionally　考查副词。句意：此外，故宫博物院还应用了数字技术来保护文物。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，首字母应大写，故填Additionally。 9.relics　考查名词复数。句意同上。relic遗迹，遗物，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填relics。 10.to　考查介词。句意：它引进文物信息186万条，采集了1 500张开放区域的三维模型和高精度全景图像，使文化资源栩栩如生，为网民提供更好的数字化服务。offer sth to sb“为某人提供某物”，固定搭配，故填to。 C——[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日重阳节的由来，历史及其庆祝活动。 1.is　考查时态。句意：在汉语里，九被认为是阳数。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是数字，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。 2.that/which　考查定语从句。句意：九月九日是有两个阳数的日子，“重”在汉语中是双数的意思。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The ninth day of the ninth month，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用that/which来引导，故填that/which。 3.to eat　考查非谓语动词。句意：这天是人们吃重阳糕、喝菊花酒、爬山、赏菊花的日子。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰day，且eat的逻辑主语是people，即for sb to do表示“某人来做……”，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to eat。 4.and　考查连词。句意：这天是人们吃重阳糕、喝菊花酒、爬山、赏菊花的日子。“吃重阳糕”，“喝菊花酒”，“爬山”与“赏菊花”是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。 5.interesting　考查形容词。句意：这些有趣的活动增添了重阳节的乐趣。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰activities，表示“有趣的”，应用interesting，故填interesting。 6.were created　考查时态和语态。句意：唐代(公元618－907)的诗人创作了不少描写登山运动情景的诗作，广为人知。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，且主语poems和动词create是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were created。 7.happiness　考查名词。句意：现在，家人或好朋友聚在一起爬山，一起欣赏大自然的美景，一起分享节日的快乐。此处应用名词作宾语，happiness表示“快乐”，为不可数名词，故填happiness。 8.the　考查冠词。句意：节日期间菊花盛开，在公园欣赏菊花是一件愉快的事情。此处特指重阳节这一节日，应用定冠词来修饰，故填the。 9.visitors　考查名词的复数。句意：举办盛大的菊花展览，吸引了大批游客。由a large number of (大量的)可知，应用复数形式作宾语，故填visitors。 10.their　考查代词。句意：现在，一些人仍然在那天用茱萸装饰他们的房子。此处应用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰名词houses，故填their。 D——[语篇解读]　本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了随着天气变暖，一些餐厅的厨师开始推出一些新的菜肴来迎接春天。 1.particularly　考查副词。句意：随着天气转暖，春天的食材越来越多，北京的厨师们正在尝试新鲜可口的菜肴，尤其是用鲜嫩可口的春笋。分析句子可知，此处应用副词，作状语修饰介词短语“with tender and flavorful spring bamboo shoots”。故填particularly。 2.with　考查介词。句意：北京新明园餐厅用热汤迎接春天。分析句子可知，此处应为介词，后接名词短语“warming soups”；固定短语greet...with...意为：以……迎接……，符合句意。故填with。 3.are selected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这八道应季汤是由厨师李翔精心挑选的，以回应春天带来的生机勃勃和令人放松的大自然。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语；根据前后两句的谓语动词“greets”和“is”，并结合句意可知，应用一般现在时，表示客观现实；主语为“The eight seasonal soups”，应用被动语态，且谓语动词为复数形式。故填are selected。 4.a　考查冠词。句意：用虫草花和鸽子煮的甲鱼汤是一道出色的菜肴。分析句子可知，此处应为冠词，作定语修饰可数名词“standout”，表示“一道出色的菜肴”，属于泛指，故应为不定冠词a。故填a。 5.which　考查定语从句关系词。句意：在这道汤中，冬虫夏草花对身体既不冷也不干，与鸽子和乌龟一起炖煮，产生了一种回味无穷的金色汤。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“cordyceps flowers”，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故填which。 6.its　考查代词。句意：今年春天，江浙两省的Xunchu Jitang餐厅将对它的菜单和环境进行更新。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词性的物主代词，作定语修饰名词短语“menu and environment”，表示“它的”。故填its。 7.combination　考查名词。句意：春笋炒荠菜，一种新鲜的组合，是必须尝试的。根据“a...of”可知，此处应为名词单数形式，表示“组合、结合”。故填combination。 8.produced　考查非谓语动词。句意：大蒜炒蚕豆是另一个招牌，因为蚕豆是最受欢迎的产自春天的豆类之一。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词短语“the most popular beans”，并与其形成动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填produced。 9.features　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：春季菜单以“野性”为主题，主打茴香球茎沙拉、竹笋腌猪肉和薄荷炒红豆。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语，根据前后两句的谓语动词“is bringing”和“is”，并结合句意可知，本句应用一般现在时，表示客观事实；主语为“The spring menu”，故谓语为单数形式，主动语态。故填features。 10.being tried　考查非谓语动词。句意：这道新菜与云南黑松露酱混合在一起，值得一尝。根据介词“of”可知，此处应用动名词形式，作宾语；固定短语be worthy of doing/being done 意为：值得做……/值得被做，主语为“The new dish”，与“try”之间应为动宾关系，表示“这道新菜值得被品尝”，故应用being tried。故填being tried。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$