精品解析：2018-2019学年江苏省南京玄武区十三中高二年级下学期期中英语试题

2018-2019学年江苏省南京市玄武区十三中高二年级下学期期中考试 英语试卷 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and ______ individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. A. stand for B. stand out C. stand up for D. stand by 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词组。A. stand for代表；B. stand out突出；C. stand up for坚决维护，捍卫；D. stand by袖手旁观。句意：必须制定标准和规则来维持秩序，确保司法公正和捍卫个人权利，但不要与学校的政策抵触。C项符合语境。 2. I can’t understand ________ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postpone to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我无法理解为时已晚，他仍迟迟不做决定。understand后跟动名词（短语）作宾语，此处用的是动名词的复合结构；postpone推迟，其后也要跟动名词作宾语，故选D项。 3. The prosperity of manufacturing industry in the 80s and 90s is due to the labour in China — cheap, trainable, _________ and ready to work. A. abundant B. special C. remote D. relevant 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上世纪八九十年代制造业的繁荣得益于中国的劳动力——廉价、可培训、充足且愿意工作。 A. abundant丰富的，充足的； B. special特殊的； C. remote遥远的； D. relevant相关的。根据句意，此处描述中国劳动力的特点，与cheap（廉价的），trainable（可培训的），和ready to work（愿意工作的）并列，应该是强调劳动力数量上的充足，abundant符合语境。故选A项。 4. —I totally forgot about yesterday's BBQ party. —I _______, too, but for my wife’s last-minute reminder. A. did B. had C. would D. would have 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。 句意：——我完全忘了昨天的烧烤派对。——要不是我妻子最后提醒，我也会忘记（但实际没忘）。 would have虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，符合句意，表示要不是我妻子最后提醒，我也会忘记。故选D。 5. Parents sometimes _________provide target models for children in their everyday activities, so they should mind their behavior. A. smoothly B. desperately C. ambiguously D. unintentionally 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。A. smoothly顺利地；B. desperately绝望地；C. ambiguously含糊不清地；D. unintentionally非故意地。句意：父母有时在日常生活中无意之中为孩子们提供了目标模式，所以他们应该注意自己的举止行为。根据语境可知，是表示“无意之中，非存心地”，故答案为D。 6. , we can take some measures to minimize the losses. A. As earthquakes are difficult to be predicted B. As earthquakes are difficult to predict C. Difficult as earthquakes are to predicted D. Difficult as earthquakes are to predict 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查as引导的让步状语从句。as作连词可以表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但从句须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前，即用部分倒装，有此用法的还有though。句意：尽管地震很难预测，我们还是能够采取一些措施将损失最小化。故选D。 【名师点睛】as/though引导让步状语从句常用语以下句型： 1.名词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 2.形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 3.副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 4.动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 5.分词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 说明：这类倒装的让步状语从句可用 as， though 来引导，不能用 although 来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句却可用 though， although 来引导，而不能用 as 来引导。也就是说， although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as 引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而 though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。 7. One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem ________ it becomes an emergency. A. when B. before C. after D. unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：领导能力的真正考验之一是有能力在成为紧急情况之前就识别到问题。A. when当……时；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. unless除非。能够在问题严重之前就意识到问题是领导能力强的标志，故选B。 【点睛】before的用法 before在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词，它既可作介词或副词用，也可作从属连词用。在近几年的高考试题中常常出现考查其从属连词用法的题目。下面就把其作为从属连词的用法归纳如下： 1. 表示“在……之前就……”。 Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned. 2. 表示“过了多久后才……，动作进行到什么程度才……”。 The man almost knocked me down before he saw me. They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. 3. 表示“来不及；尚未……就……”。 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. She left the company before I could have a word with her 4. 表示“刚…就…” I had hardly sat down before the bell rang. 5. 表示“不知不觉就……；还没弄清就……” Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it. 6. 表示“宁愿……，决不……，与其……，毋宁……”常与will或would连用。 I would die before I would tell. I would / will die before I surrender . 7. 表示“否则；以免” Do it now before you forget. I will write it down before I forget it 8. 用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …”表示 “过了多久才…” It was three days before he came back. 9. 用于句型“it was not long +时间段+ before …”意为“不久就……” It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position . 10. 用于句型“it will be(not )+时间段+ before…”表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…” It will be half a year before you graduate from this school. It will be not long before you find you are wrong . 8. The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of ________ the Hollywood community values now and in the past. A. that B. where C. how D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：奥斯卡奖多年来一直充当好莱坞社区现在和过去所注重的指标。介词of后面的从句中value一词明显缺少宾语成分，故要使用what做宾语，意为“所……的（事）”，故选D。 9. — You are so kind, honey, but I prefer a beautiful dress. — OK. ___________. A. You’ve got me there B. You name it C. You have the last word D. You are pulling my leg 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语。A. You’ve got me there你难住我了。B. You name it凡你想得起的，不管什么；C. You have the last word你最后决定；. You are pulling my leg你在开我的玩笑。句意：—亲爱的，你真是太好了，可是我想要那件漂亮的裙子。—好的，你最后做决定。根据句意可知C项正确。 10. It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在已经十点了。我想知道在这么短的旅行中，她迟到两个小时是怎么发生的。A. came over过来；B. came out出版；C. came about发生；D. came up提出。说话人想知道这么短的旅行中，她迟到两个小时这件事是怎么发生的，用come about“发生”。故选C项。 11. The girl was bent _______ being engaged to the guy she loved deeply, but her parents wouldn't approve_______her. A. on; of B. to; of C. on; for D. to; for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、介词。句意：这个女孩一心想要和她深爱的那个男孩订婚，但是她的父母不赞成她（这么做）。“be bent on...”是固定短语，意为“一心想做……；决心做……”，所以第一空要用on；“approve of...”是固定短语，意为“赞成；同意”，所以第二空要用 of。故选A项。 12. The soldiers were put in prison because they ________ to obey orders. A. refused B. rejected C. denied D. objected 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：士兵们因拒绝服从命令而被关进监狱。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事；reject 拒不接受，不采纳， 后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语，不跟不定式；deny否认，不跟不定式；object(后跟介词to)反对。故选A。 13. ________ has been growing concern over the health effects ________the September 11 attacks in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. A. It; arising from B. There; causing C. There; arising from D. It; caused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查there be句型和非谓语动词。句意：人们越来越担心9·11袭击对曼哈顿下城金融区的健康影响。短语arise from表示“产生于”，cause表示“造成”。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了there be句型的现在完成时态，因此第一空缺少there；第二空需填非谓语动词，作health effects的后置定语，health effects与arise from之间是主谓关系，因而用现在分词形式。综上，故选C。 14. A report shows that nearly 18 percent of American junior school students aged 13 to 15 smoke cigarettes, most of them________easy access to cigarettes. A. having B. have C. had D. to have 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：一份报告显示，近18%的13至15岁的美国初中生吸烟，其中大多数人很容易接触到香烟。分析句子可知，该句中“most of them________ easy access to cigarettes”是一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。“most of them”与“have”之间是主动关系，且表示一种客观事实，所以用现在分词“having”。故选A项。 15. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father ___________ beside him on the deck at that time. A. was standing B. stood C. had stood D. would have stood 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：要不是因为那个男孩的父亲当时在甲板上站在他旁边，他可能就会溺水了。but for要不是，引导含蓄虚拟条件句，在此相当于if it hadn’t been for；the fact后跟同位语从句，对其进行补充说明，父亲站在男孩身旁是事实，因此从句不使用虚拟语气；根据＂at that time＂可知，应该用过去进行时，故A选项正确。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Every year on my mother’s birthday I will think of the same story in my heart, The story of repairing a relationship and building a bridge. I had many ___16___ with my mother while I was growing up. After I was married for a few years my mother invited me to meet her for lunch. It sounded ___17___ but I was a dutiful daughter and of course I said yes. ___18___ having a discussion about something I did wrong or something she didn’t like or something she wanted me to ___19___ as before, she asked me if I wanted to be her friend. I was ___20___ . We’d been more like enemies than ___21___. I responded with yes since I always ___22___ a friendly relationship. Our relationship ___23___ for many reasons but there was really only one at the core. Our perception of each other was skewed (有偏颇的) by ___24___. There were many things we needed to do to ____25____ our relationship but it began with these two questions and ____26____ : questions like “What were you thinking when you…?” or “Why did you do...?” and listening that didn’t lead to ____27____, but accepting the other’s view as their truth. We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about. We both held the same goal of ____28____ so we didn’t hold anything back and were especially ____29____. We saw trust in each other’s eyes through the ____30____ . I felt a beautiful hope rising in my heart like the golden sun rises over the ocean. Our misunderstandings were ____31____ and trust grew. My mother and I became extremely ____32____ and it all began with a simple ____33____. Our relationship suffered ____34____ my mother and I shared our different views and ____35____. Perception is powerful and changes everything. 16. A. fears B. worries C. expectations D. conflicts 17. A. normal B. serious C. casual D. generous 18. A. Instead of B. Apart from C. Regardless of D. Thanks to 19. A. handle B. admit C. change D. describe 20. A. prepared B. astonished C. bored D. frightened 21. A. relatives B. strangers C. friends D. neighbours 22. A. protected B. respected C. ignored D. admired 23. A. worsened B. continued C. developed D. existed 24. A. strictness B. nervousness C. surroundings D. misunderstandings 25. A. affect B. repair C. enjoy D. establish 26. A. smiling B. thinking C. listening D. responding 27. A. arguing B. applauding C. cheating D. rejecting 28. A. approval B. connection C. growth D. success 29. A. shallow B. accurate C. sharp D. explicit 30. A. judging B. sharing C. observing D. comparing 31. A. replaced B. avoided C. removed D. circulated 32. A. stable B. elegant C. sensitive D. tight 33. A. story B. apology C. invitation D. message 34. A. until B. when C. since D. though 35. A. grow up B. opened up C. gave up D. thought up 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与母亲通过坦诚沟通和相互理解，成功修复关系并建立深厚情感纽带的故事。 【16题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我成长的过程中，我和母亲有很多冲突。A. fears害怕；B. worries担忧；C. expectations期望；D. conflicts冲突。根据下文“We’d been more like enemies than”可知，作者和母亲关系像敌人，说明和母亲之间有很多冲突。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来很严肃，但我是个尽职尽责的女儿，当然我答应了。A. normal正常的，平常的；B. serious严肃的；C. casual随意的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“After I was married for a few years my mother invited me to meet her for lunch.”可知，作者和母亲之间有很多冲突，所以母亲邀请作者吃午饭，这听起来很严肃。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她没有像以前那样讨论我做错了什么，或者她不喜欢什么，或者她想让我改变什么，而是问我是否想成为她的朋友。A. Instead of而不是；B. Apart from除了；C. Regardless of不管；D. Thanks to多亏。根据下文“she asked me if I wanted to be her friend”可知，母亲这次不是像以往那样讨论不好的事情，而是问作者是否想成为她的朋友。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有像以前那样讨论我做错了什么，或者她不喜欢什么，或者她想让我改变什么，而是问我是否想成为她的朋友。A. handle处理；B. admit承认；C. change改变；D. describe描述。根据上文“___3___ having a discussion about something I did wrong or something she didn’t like or something”可知，以往母亲会和作者讨论作者做错的事、不喜欢的事或者想让作者改变的事。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶。A. prepared准备好的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. bored无聊的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文“___3___ having a discussion about something I did wrong or something she didn’t like or something she wanted me to ___4___ as before, she asked me if I wanted to be her friend.”可知，以往作者和母亲的关系更像敌人，母亲突然问作者是否想成为朋友，这让作者很惊讶。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们与其说是朋友，不如说是敌人。A. relatives亲戚；B. strangers陌生人；C. friends朋友；D. neighbours邻居。根据上文“she asked me if I wanted to be her friend.”可知，这里是在将朋友和敌人进行对比，与其说作者与母亲是朋友，不如说是敌人。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的回答是肯定的，因为我一直很欣赏友好的关系。A. protected保护；B. respected尊重；C. ignored忽视；D. admired欣赏。根据上文“We’d been more like enemies than ___6___ . I responded with yes since I always”可知，作者回答想成为朋友，是因为作者欣赏友好的关系。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的关系恶化的原因有很多，但实际上只有一个核心原因。A. worsened恶化；B. continued继续；C. developed发展；D. existed存在。根据下文“Our perception of each other was skewed (有偏颇的) by ___9___ .”可知，作者和母亲之间的关系恶化，存在问题。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们对彼此的看法因误解而产生偏颇。A. strictness严格；B. nervousness紧张；C. surroundings环境；D. misunderstandings误解。根据上文“Our perception of each other was skewed (有偏颇的) by”以及下文“Our misunderstandings were ___16___ and trust grew.”可知，彼此看法有偏颇是因为误解。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做很多事情来修复我们关系，但这始于这两个问题和倾听：像“当你……的时候你是怎么想的？”或者“你为什么做……？”这样的问题，倾听不会导致争论，而是接受对方的观点作为他们的真理。A. affect影响；B. repair修复；C. enjoy享受；D. establish建立。根据上文“We’d been more like enemies than ___6___ .”可知，作者和母亲之间的关系存在问题，所以需要做很多事情来修复关系。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做很多事情来修复我们的关系，但这始于这两个问题和倾听：像“当你……的时候你是怎么想的？”或者“你为什么做……？”这样的问题，倾听不会导致争论，而是接受对方的观点作为他们的真理。A. smiling微笑；B. thinking思考；C. listening倾听；D. responding回应。根据下文“listening that didn’t lead to”可知，此处强调需要做的事情开始于问题和倾听。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做很多事情来修复我们的关系，但这始于这两个问题和倾听：像“当你……的时候你是怎么想的？”或者“你为什么做……？”这样的问题，倾听不会导致争论，而是接受对方的观点作为他们的真理。A. arguing争论；B. applauding鼓掌；C. cheating欺骗；D. rejecting拒绝。根据下文“but accepting the other’s view as their truth.”可知，倾听不会导致争论，而是接受对方的观点。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有着相同的联系目标，所以我们没有隐瞒任何事情，而且特别明确。A. approval批准；B. connection联系；C. growth成长；D. success成功。根据上文“We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about.”可知，作者和母亲互相倾诉感受，目的是建立联系。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都有着相同的联系目标，所以我们没有隐瞒任何事情，而且特别明确。A. shallow肤浅的；B. accurate准确的；C. sharp锋利的；D. explicit明确的。根据上文“We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about. We both held the same goal of ___13___ so we didn’t hold anything back”可知，作者和母亲想要建立联系，所以彼此不隐瞒事情，并且会特别明确。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过分享，我们在彼此眼中看到了信任。A. judging判断；B. sharing分享；C. observing观察；D. comparing比较。根据上文“We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about.”可知，作者和母亲互相分享感受，通过分享看到彼此眼中的信任。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的误解被消除了，信任增长了。A. replaced取代；B. avoided避免；C. removed消除；D. circulated循环。根据下文“trust grew”可知，信任增长了，说明误解被消除了。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和母亲变得非常亲密，而这一切都始于一个简单的邀请。A. stable稳定的；B. elegant优雅的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. tight亲密的。根据上文“Our misunderstandings were ___16___ and trust grew.”可知，作者和母亲之间的误解消除，信任增长，两人之间的关系变得亲密。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和母亲变得非常亲密，而这一切都始于一个简单的邀请。A. story故事；B. apology道歉；C. invitation邀请；D. message信息。根据上文“After I was married for a few years my mother invited me to meet her for lunch.”可知，这一切始于母亲的一个邀请。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们的关系一直很糟糕，直到我和母亲分享了我们不同的观点并敞开心扉。A. until直到；B. when当……时候；C. since自从；D. though虽然。根据上文“My mother and I became extremely ___17___ and it all began with a simple ___18___ .”可知，作者和母亲之间的关系很糟糕，直到母亲邀请作者吃午饭，并和母亲分享不同观点。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的关系一直很糟糕，直到我和母亲分享了我们不同的观点并敞开心扉。A. grow up长大；B. opened up敞开心扉；C. gave up放弃；D. thought up想出。根据上文“We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about.”可知，此处表示作者和母亲分享不同观点和想法并敞开心扉。故选B。 第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Plan a school visit to the Museum of London Why visit us? In the heart of London’s historic centre overlooking Roman city wall remains we tell the story of London and Londoners from prehistory to the present. Touch a smooth flint (火石) and watch the Great Fire of London rage (肆虐), then walk down a Victorian shopping street before involving yourself in the swinging Sixties. It’s all here! Don't miss out on... Galleries covering iconic local topics including London’s prehistoric beginnings, Roman Londinium, the 1666 Great Fire and changing modern London Expert-led sessions with handling of real museum objects Our huge breadth of topics and approaches, from city walks to drama shows Transportation As we’re right in the heart of the busy city area, we don’t have a coach park — but you can be dropped off or picked up at nearby bus stops. We do have some limited parking for SEND school minibuses, and these can be booked in advance by emailing our SEND Programme. Manager: SEND@museumoflondon.org.uk. Visit management Accompanying staff are responsible for their group’s behaviour, and we ask groups to split into smaller units when exploring the museum and shop. Photography Feel free to take photos without flash or tripod (三脚架) and reuse them for educational purposes. 36. The attraction of the Museum of London lies in the fact that_________. A. it sells excellent Roman collections B. visitors can touch the exhibits in the museum C. students can learn drawing by visiting its galleries D. it tells a wide range of topics related to London’s history 37. What is required for those who visit the Museum of London? A. Group students should be divided into smaller units. B. Minibuses should be parked at a nearby bus park. C. A reservation should be made beforehand. D. People cannot take photos of the exhibits. 【答案】36. D 37. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了伦敦博物馆的相关信息，包括参观的理由、不容错过的内容、交通、参观管理以及摄影等方面。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Why visit us? “In the heart of London’s historic centre overlooking Roman city wall remains, we tell the story of London and Londoners from prehistory to the present.(在伦敦历史中心的中心，俯瞰着罗马城墙的遗迹，我们讲述着从史前到现在的伦敦和伦敦人的故事)” 以及 “Don’t miss out on... “Galleries covering iconic local topics including London’s prehistoric beginnings, Roman Londinium, the 1666 Great Fire and changing modern London(画廊涵盖了标志性的当地主题，包括伦敦的史前起源、罗马伦敦、1666 年的大火和不断变化的现代伦敦)” 可知，伦敦博物馆的吸引力在于它讲述了与伦敦历史相关的广泛主题。故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Accompanying staff are responsible for their group’s behaviour, and we ask groups to split into smaller units when exploring the museum and shop.(陪同人员要对他们团队的行为负责，我们要求团队在参观博物馆和商店时分成更小的单位)” 可知，参观伦敦博物馆时，学生团体应该被分成更小的单位。故选A。 B Just over a decade ago, a team of explorers were working on an exploration and survey mission off the western coast of Cuba when their sonar (声呐) equipment picked up a confusing series of stone structures lying some 650 meters below the surface. The structures appeared not to match the barren (贫瘠的) “desert” of the ocean floor and seemed to show symmetrically (对称地) organized stones reminding explorers of an urban development. They appeared to be unusual formations of smooth blocks, some of which looked like they were built in pyramid shapes. The finding attracted the attention of the government and national museum, which all made promises to investigate the strange sonar images. “These are extremely special structures, and they have captured our imagination,” said Iturralde, who has studied countless underwater formations. “But if I had to explain this geologically, I would have a hard time.” Estimating that it would have taken 50,000 years for such structures to have sunken to the depth at which they were said to be found, Iturralde added, “50, 000 years ago there wasn’t the architectural capacity (建筑能力) in any of the cultures we know of to build complex buildings.” In the media storm that followed the announcement of the discovery, news sites were quick to draw parallels (对比) with the fabled (传说的) lost city of Atlantis. However, Zelitsky,an explorer, was unwilling to make such comparisons. “The story is a myth,” said Zelitsky. “What we have found is more likely the remains of a local culture once located on a 100-mile land bridge that joined Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula with Cuba.” Iturralde added that there are local legends of the Maya and native Yucatecos that tell of an island inhabited by their ancestors that disappeared beneath the waves. Nevertheless, Iturralde does not discount the possibility that the rock formations are merely the result of the wonders of Mother Nature. “Nature is able to create some really unimaginable structures,” he said. Despite hundreds of media outlets reporting on sunken cities, advanced civilizations, the lost city of Atlantis, and submerged ruins, there are others who are not so willing to accept this point of view. Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews from the website Bad Archaeology claimed that the depth of the so-called remains is the biggest problem for the sunken city supporters. During the Pleistocene, which was characterized by a series of ice ages, sea levels dropped greatly, but the maximum drop was around 100 meters. 38. What can we learn about the stone structures? A. They were discovered 650 meters off the coast of Cuba. B. They were once a part of an ancient pyramid. C. They were formed 50,000 years ago. D. They had a smooth surface. 39. According to Zelitsky. these stone structures came from________. A. the remains of an ancient culture. B. a 100-mile underwater bridge. C. a wonder created by nature. D the lost city of Atlantis. 40. What’s Keith Eitzpatrick-Matthews’s attitude towards the sunken city supporters? A. Surprised. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Uninterested. 【答案】38. D 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一支探险队在古巴西海岸发现了一些水下石头结构，对于这些结构的来源和性质，不同的人有不同的看法和推测。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They appeared as unusual formations of smooth blocks(它们看起来是光滑石块的奇特构造)” 可推知，这些石头结构表面是光滑的。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“However, Zelitsky, an explorer, was unwilling to make such comparisons. “The story is a myth, ” said Zelitsky. “What we have found is more likely the remains of a local culture once located on a 100-mile land bridge that joined Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula with Cuba.”(然而，探险家泽利茨基不愿意做这样的比较。泽利茨基说：‘这个故事是个神话。我们所发现的更有可能是一种曾经位于连接墨西哥尤卡坦半岛和古巴的 100 英里陆桥上的当地文化的遗迹’)” 可知，泽利茨基认为这些石头结构来自一种古代文化的遗迹。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews from the website Bad Archaeology claimed that the depth of the so-called remains is the biggest problem for the sunken city supporters.(来自Bad Archaeology网站的基思・菲茨帕特里克-马修斯声称，所谓遗迹的深度是支持沉没城市观点的人面临的最大问题)” 可知，基思・菲茨帕特里克-马修斯对支持沉没城市观点的人持怀疑态度。故选B。 C “It was a winter they would tell tales about. A winter that arrived so sudden and sharp it stuck birds to branches, and caught the rivers in such a frost their spray froze. A winter that came and never left.” So begins Kiran Millwood Hargrave’s ode (颂歌) to the frozen north, to sibling (兄弟姐妹间的) love and to the attraction of adventure in The Way Past Winter. This is Hargrave’s third novel for 8 to 12-year-olds and like her award-winning book The Girl of Ink and Stars, it features (以……为主人公) a girl on a quest (探索) who will not easily give in. Written in vivid, often lyrical language, The Way Past Winter describes a richly imagined world that is rooted in myth, magic and folk tales, while mixed with modern sensibilities and concerns. Mila is the middle of three sisters who live in the great forest of Eldbjorn in a house with windows made from ice. They have a brother named Oskar; their mother died in childbirth and their father left them shortly afterwards. One day a mysterious stranger, as well as a group of boys, turns up asking for food and talking about treasure. The stranger readers soon learn, is a great bear, a mythical creature that is able to bring continuous winter to the forest. On learning that Oskar has three sisters, he says: “Three? What a curse.” He will, of course, come to regret looking down upon these girls. That night, Oskar disappears, and so do the mysterious stranger and the boys. In the morning, the sisters argue about the reason for his disappearance. Sanna, the eldest, believes her brother has left for tales of money, but Mila insists that Oskar has been taken against his will and decides to set out for a search through the frozen land And it is this idea of keeping faith with those you love that drives the story forward. Hargrave has a great eye for poetic imagery, but, for me, it is her convincing description of the emotional push-and-pull of sibling relationships that makes her story memorable. As Mila takes control of her dog-drawn sled (雪橇) through the twists and turns of this wintry tale, young readers will stay with her every step of the way. Every page in The Way Past Winter consists of unavoidable magic--so sit back, pick it up and start the journey--you might just find your way to pass winter. 41. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The Girl Ink and Stars. B. The Way Past Winter. C. Kiran Milwood Hargrave’s award. D. Kiran Millwood Hargrave’s first novel 42. What can we know about the stranger? A. He has three sisters. B. He thinks highly of Mila. C. He is not kind to Oskar. D. He has magical powers. 43. What’s the author’s attitude towards The Way Past Winter? A. Uninterested. B. Doubtful. C. Satisfied. D. Grateful. 44. What does the underline sentence the last paragraph mean? A. The novel’s plot is so attractive that young readers won’t be able to stop reading it. B. Mila is the most interesting character in the novel that young readers like her best. C. The twists and turns of the plot are sometimes too strange for readers to predict. D. The story is about the experiences of Mila and her brother in the wintry forest 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Kiran Millwood Hargrave的小说The Way Past Winter，讲述了姐妹情深与冒险之旅，引人入胜。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“So begins Kiran Millwood Hargrave’s ode (颂歌) to the frozen north, to sibling (兄弟姐妹间的) love and to the attraction of adventure in The Way Past Winter. This is Hargrave’s third novel for 8 to 12-year-olds and like her award-winning book The Girl of Ink and Stars, it features (以……为主人公) a girl on a quest (探索) who will not easily give in. (Kiran Millwood Hargrave对冰封的北方、兄弟姐妹之爱和冒险的吸引力的颂歌，The Way Past Winter就这样开始了。这是Hargrave为8至12岁儿童创作的第三部小说，与她获奖的The Girl of Ink and Stars一样，它以一个在探索的不容易屈服的女孩为主人公)”可知，it指的是上文提及的Kiran Millwood Hargrave所著的The Way Past Winter。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One day a mysterious stranger, as well as a group of boys, turns up asking for food and talking about treasure. The stranger readers soon learn, is a great bear, a mythical creature that is able to bring continuous winter to the forest. (有一天，一个神秘的陌生人和一群男孩出现，他们要食物，谈论宝藏。读者很快就会知道，陌生人读者是一只大熊，一种能够给森林带来持续冬天的神话生物。)”可知，这个陌生人是一只大熊，是能够给森林带来持续冬天的神话生物，具有神奇的力量。故选D项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hargrave has a great eye for poetic imagery, but, for me, it is her convincing description of the emotional push-and-pull of sibling relationships that makes her story memorable. (Hargrave对诗意意象有着敏锐的洞察力，但对我来说，正是她对兄弟姐妹关系情感起伏的令人信服的描述让她的故事令人难忘。)”可知，作者认为Hargrave的描述令人信服，故事令人难忘的，由此可知，作者对The Way Past Winter的态度是满意的。故选C项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Hargrave has a great eye for poetic imagery, but, for me, it is her convincing description of the emotional push-and-pull of sibling relationships that makes her story memorable. As Mila takes control of her dog-drawn sled (雪橇) through the twists and turns of this wintry tale, young readers will stay with her every step of the way. Every page in The Way Past Winter consists of unavoidable magic--so sit back, pick it up and start the journey--you might just find your way to pass winter. (Hargrave对诗意意象有着敏锐的洞察力，但对我来说，正是她对兄弟姐妹关系情感起伏的令人信服的描述让她的故事令人难忘。当米拉在这个冬日故事的曲折情节中驾驶着她的狗拉雪橇时，年轻读者会陪伴她每一步。在The Way Past Winter的每一页都充满了不可避免的魔法——所以坐下来，拿起它，开始旅程——你可能会找到度过冬天的方法。)”可知，小说是令人难忘的，年轻读者会读这本书，陪伴故事中的主人公感受故事情节，划线句子表示“小说的情节如此吸引人，以至于年轻读者会爱不释手”。故选A项。 D When Apple cut its revenue estimate for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets convulsed. The company’s share price, which had been sliding for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit. This week Samsung, one of the world’s largest makers of smartphones, which also sells components to other smartphone makers, said its sales were weaker than expected for the quarter, too. Analysts predicted that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry’s first annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had hoped for continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. The smartphone sales have peaked and seem to be levelling off at around 1.4bn units a year, which are good news for humanity. People have voted with their wallets to make the smartphone the most successful product in history: nearly 4bn of the 5.5bn adults on the planet now have one. The smartphones connect billions of people to the Internet’s plenty of information and services. Phones make markets more efficient and compensate for poor infrastructure in developing countries. Yes, they can be used for wasting time and spreading false information, but the good far outweighs the bad. They might be the most effective tool of development in existence. The slowdown does not reflect disenchantment (觉醒) quite the contrary. It is the result of market saturation (饱和). After a decade of rapid adoption, there is much less scope to sell handsets to first-time buyers as so few of them are left. That hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s profits. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely distributed is something to be celebrated. What about the people who still lack a smartphone? Sales of 1.4bn units a year implies 2.8bn users who replace their handsets every two years, or 4.2bn who replace them every three years. The reality is somewhere in between, and replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only small improvements. Many phones are used for longer than three years, often refurbished (翻新) or as hand-me-downs. So even with flat sales, the longer gaps between upgrades mean that overall penetration (占有率) is still rising. People who already have phones benefit, too. For all, slowing down the speed of upgrades was considered as a welcome relief. Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. The latest phones contain amazingly clever technology, such as 3D face-scanners and cameras assisted by artificial intelligence. But as with mature technologies such as cars or washing machines, extra bells and whistles no longer make a deep impression. More importantly, smartphones support extra innovation in other areas. Deploying(有效利用) apps and services on an immature platform whose prospects are uncertain is risky; on a mature one it is not. Smartphones thus provide a foundation for today’s innovations, like mobile payments and video streaming, and for future ones, such as controlling “smart” home appliances. As computers become smaller, still more personal and closer to people’s bodies, many techies think that wearable devices, from smart watches to augmented-reality headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. Meanwhile, although the recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, for the whole of human society it is a welcome sign that a transformative (变化的) technology has become almost universal. 45. The underlined word “convulsed” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”. A. were created B. were broadened C. were shaken D. were controlled 46. The smartphone has been seen as the most successful product in history mainly because________. A. people can do things creatively with it B. the majority of adults each possess one C. it can help people concentrate on things they do D. it can influence the share market 47. According to Paragraphs 4 and 5, the smartphone___. A. has promoted the improvements of infrastructure B. will be given up by most people C. may help poor countries become rich D. does more good than harm to our lives 48. Why do people replace their smartphone at a slower speed now? A. Because the production of new models of smartphones takes more time. B. Because new types of smartphones are too inconvenient for people to use. C. Because there are only a few changes in new models of smartphones. D. Because more smartphones are being handed down to others. 49. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably implies that__________. A. the technology of washing machines needs to be improved urgently B. slight innovations in smartphones hold little appeal for people now C. extra bells and whistles won’t satisfy the needs of consumers D. new designs are the key to the sales of cars and washing machines 50. We can learn from the last paragraph that________. A. the technology of smartphones has been widely used in human society B. the smartphone will be replaced by other inventions very soon C. the future of the smartphone is full of uncertainties D. the smartphone industry should introduce more new technology 【答案】45. C 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述智能手机销量下滑对行业是坏事，但对人类社会是好事。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段划线单词所在的句子 “When Apple cut its revenue estimate for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets convulsed(当苹果公司由于iPhone的销售意外放缓而削减了2018年最后一个季度的收入预期时，市场convulsed)”以及“The company’s share price, which had been sliding for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit.(该公司的股价已经连续几个月下滑，在消息公布后的1月3日又进一步下跌了10%。苹果公司供应商的股票也受到了冲击)” 可知，当苹果公司因iPhone销量意外放缓而下调2018年最后一季度的收入预期时，市场发生了动荡，后来股价也开始下滑。因此，convulsed在此处意为“动荡、震动”。故选C。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“People have voted with their wallets to make the smartphone the most successful product in history: nearly 4bn of the 5.5bn adults on the planet now have one.(人们用钱包投票，让智能手机成为历史上最成功的产品：地球上 55 亿成年人中，现在有近 40 亿人拥有一部智能手机)”可知，智能手机被视为历史上最成功的产品主要是因为大多数成年人每人都拥有一部。故选B。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Yes, they can be used for wasting time and spreading false information, but the good far outweighs the bad. They might be the most effective tool of development in existence.(是的，它们可能被用来浪费时间和传播虚假信息，但好处远远超过坏处。它们可能是现存最有效的发展工具)”可知，智能手机对我们的生活来说利大于弊。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“The reality is somewhere in between, and replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only small improvements.(现实介于两者之间，而且由于新机型的改进很小，更换周期正在延长)”可知，现在人们更换智能手机的速度变慢是因为新机型的智能手机只有很少的变化。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中“But as with mature technologies such as cars or washing machines, extra bells and whistles no longer make a deep impression.(但就像汽车或洗衣机等成熟技术一样，额外的花里胡哨的东西不再能给人留下深刻印象)”可推知，智能手机的微小创新现在对人们几乎没有吸引力了。故选B。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Meanwhile, although the recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, for the whole of human society it is a welcome sign that a transformative (变化的) technology has become almost universal. (与此同时，尽管最近智能手机销量放缓对该行业来说是个坏消息，但对整个人类社会来说，这是一个受欢迎的迹象，表明一项变革性技术几乎已经普及)”可推知，智能手机技术已经在人类社会中广泛应用。故选 A。 第Ⅱ卷(共35分) 第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 Type D Personality Do you tend to feel blue, keep to yourself and tend to see the glass as half empty? You mightbe a type D personality. Type D is a particular personality type first labeled in the 1990’s by Belgian psychologist and researcher Johan Denollet. The letter “D” in this type of personality stands for “depressed” and refers to a set of personality traits that involve things like feelings of worry, sadness, hopelessness, negative self-talk, lack of self-confidence and so on. Even though many of us can feel a variety of these things at times, people with type D personality experience these traits more frequently than the average person. Type D individuals commonly fear rejection and judgment from others and, in an effort to protect themselves from those experiences, will often work diligently to hide their emotions. In addition to the fear of judgment and rejection, people with type D traits may find it difficult to trust others, especially in times of emotional distress. What’s more, those people fear burdening people with their emotional distress, especially those closest to them. Consequently, they’re found to be at greater risk of experiencing high blood pressure and heart disease. Because type D personalities struggle with increased worry, sadness, and can also find it challenging to engage in social interaction, relationships can be an area of struggle for those with type D traits. As a result, it is challenging for them to find a sense of belonging, and they experience increased depression when faced with group tasks or projects that require them to cooperate with others. Additionally, they can also struggle with setting and achieving personal goals. However, type D individuals can learn methods to help them live a full and enjoyable life. Since many type D individuals have become so good at bottling up and hiding their emotions, learning to become more aware of their emotional patterns can help them to better navigate depression and cope in heather ways-what’s more, incorporating regular exercise into everyday routines can allow those with type D personality traits to better regulate their emotions and find healthy coping behaviors. Finding ways to reach out to others, looking for common interests and learning how to take small emotional risks with others can lead to great progress. This can be something as simple as saying “Hello” to someone new, or learning how to initiate conversation with others. Hopefulness and optimism are a challenge for type D individuals. Leaning to set meaningful goals can help people gain clarity in their personal values and priorities. Short-term goal-setting can allow people to learn how to focus on their future with an increased sense of hope, optimism, and confidence. Type D Personality Introduction Type D personality is a particular personality type which is____51____by emotions like depression, etc Type D individuals’ negative emotions happen fairly_____52_____than common people’s. Challenges type D individuals are faced with They keep their emotions ____53____because they are afraid of being ____54____and refused by others, have trouble____55____others and fear to cause others trouble. They are less____56____to diseases, such as heart disease. They find it difficult to develop and maintain ____57____with others, which leads to their having no sense of belongs and more negative emotions while involved in activities requiring their cooperation with others. They are not good at setting and achieving personal goals. Tips on handing type D personality Develop a better____58____of your own emotional patterns. Be____59____active in your daily life. Improve your_____60_____skills and build healthy relationships with others. Set goals, especially short-term ones. 【答案】51. characterized 52. frequent 53. contained/hidden 54. judged 55. trusting 56. resistant 57. connections/relationship(s) 58. understanding 59. physically 60. interpersonal 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了D型人格的特点，挑战以及应对方法。 【51题详解】 考查固定短语。根据第一段中“The letter “D” in this type of personality stands for “depressed” and refers to a set of personality traits that involve things like feelings of worry, sadness, hopelessness, negative self-talk, lack of self-confidence and so on.( 在这种类型的人格中，字母“D”代表“抑郁”，指的是一系列人格特征，包括担心、悲伤、绝望、消极的自言自语、缺乏自信等。)”可知，D 型人格的特点是有抑郁等情绪，“be characterized by”表示“以…… 为特点”。故填characterized。 【52题详解】 考查形容词。根据第二段中“Even though many of us can feel a variety of these things at times, people with type D personality experience these traits more frequently than the average person.( 尽管我们中的许多人有时会有各种各样的这些感觉，但D型人格的人比普通人更频繁地经历这些特征。)”可知，D型人格的人的负面情绪比普通人发生得更频繁。故填 frequent。 【53题详解】 考查过去分词。根据第二段中“Type D individuals commonly fear rejection and judgment from others and, in an effort to protect themselves from those experiences, will often work diligently to hide their emotions.( D型人格的人通常害怕别人的拒绝和评判，为了保护自己不受这些经历的影响，他们通常会努力隐藏自己的情绪。)” 可知，他们会隐藏自己的情绪，这里用 “keep sth. hidden/contained”结构。故填contained/hidden。 【54题详解】 考查动词。根据第二段中“Type D individuals commonly fear rejection and judgment from others(D型人格的人通常害怕别人的拒绝和评判)” 可知，他们害怕被他人评判和拒绝，“be judged”表示“被评判”。故填judged。 【55题详解】 考查动名词。根据第二段中“In addition to the fear of judgment and rejection, people with type D traits may find it difficult to trust others(除了害怕被评判和拒绝，D型人格的人可能很难信任别人。)”可知，他们在信任他人方面有困难，“have trouble doing sth.”表示“做某事有困难”。故填trusting。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。根据第二段中“Consequently, they’re found to be at greater risk of experiencing high blood pressure and heart disease.( 因此，他们患高血压和心脏病的风险更大。)”可知，他们更容易患疾病，也就是对疾病的抵抗力更弱，“be less resistant to” 表示 “对…… 抵抗力更弱”。故填resistant。 【57题详解】 考查名词。根据第三段中“Because type D personalities struggle with increased worry, sadness, and can also find it challenging to engage in social interaction, relationships can be an area of struggle for those with type D traits.( 因为D型人格的人会越来越担心、悲伤，也会发现参与社交活动很有挑战性，所以人际关系对D型人格的人来说可能是一个挣扎的领域。)”可知，他们在发展和维持与他人的关系方面有困难。故填connections/relationship(s)。 【58题详解】 考查名词。根据第四段中“Since many type D individuals have become so good at bottling up and hiding their emotions, learning to become more aware of their emotional patterns can help them to better navigate depression and cope in heather ways(由于许多D型人格的人已经变得非常善于压抑和隐藏自己的情绪，学会更多地意识到他们的情绪模式可以帮助他们更好地驾驭抑郁，以他们自己的方式应对。)”可知，要更好地理解自己的情绪模式。“故填understanding。 【59题详解】 考查副词。根据第四段中“what’s more, incorporating regular exercise into everyday routines can allow those with type D personality traits to better regulate their emotions and find healthy coping behaviors.( 更重要的是，将有规律的锻炼融入日常生活可以让D型人格的人更好地调节自己的情绪，找到健康的应对行为。)”可知，在日常生活中要在身体上更积极（通过锻炼）。故填physically。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。根据第五段“Finding ways to reach out to others, looking for common interests and learning how to take small emotional risks with others can lead to great progress. This can be something as simple as saying “Hello” to someone new, or learning how to initiate conversation with others.( 找到与他人接触的方法，寻找共同的兴趣，学习如何与他人一起承担小小的情感风险，这些都能带来巨大的进步。这可以是像对陌生人说“你好”这样简单的事情，或者学习如何与他人交谈。)”可知，应提高人际交往能力，与他人建立健康的关系。故填interpersonal。 第五部分:书面表达(满分25分) 61. 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Recently the reporters of CCTV 11 made a random survey in some big cities in China among the pedestrians on the correct spelling of some most commonly used Chinese characters, the result of which was completely beyond their expectations. The expression they used was “embarrass”, which is pronounced in Chinese “ganga”. First, they asked eight students from Grades 4 to 6 in a famous primary school in Beijing, and half of them could write them correctly. Later they came to a secondary school and asked eight students to do the same thing, but this time only three of whom wrote the two characters correctly.What’s more surprising was that they asked five persons who had got master’s or doctor’s degrees to write the same characters, but only two of them could write them correctly. The result was not only terrific but ironic as well. Is it too difficult? Absolutely not! 【写作内容】 1. 以约30个词概括以上短文的主要内容。 2. 以约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括： (1)具体分析导致“忽视汉语学习”的原因； (2)从政府和学校来谈谈该如何做来改变这一现象。 【写作要求】 1.作文中不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage and the chart above indicate that the application ability of Chinese is decreasing sharply in recent years among young generation while English learning has always been a hot button in China. Quite a few things give rise to this phenomenon. To begin with, globalization plays a major role in the promotion of the nowadays internationally used language-English, distracting us from studying our own language. In addition, our school are not attaching any importance to the education of Chinese, as a result of which, the lesson hours of Chinese are far fewer than those of English, leading to the fact that students pay more attention to English learning. In order to change the situation, efforts from government and schools alike should be made. It is essential to set more Chinese lessons and even more importantly, students’ awareness of the study of our own language should be raised. After all, the promotion of our language is the key to the prosperity of our nation’s culture 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生阅读短文，以约30个词概括短文的主要内容，并以约120个词发表你的观点，具体分析导致“忽视汉语学习”的原因以及政府和学校该如何做来改变这一现象。 【详解】1.词汇积累 减少：decrease→decline/reduce 导致：give rise to→result in 重要的：essential→vital 提高：raise→improve 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To begin with, globalization plays a major role in the promotion of the nowadays internationally used language-English, distracting us from studying our own language. 拓展句：To begin with, globalization plays a major role in the promotion of the nowadays internationally used language-English, which distracts us from studying our own language. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage and the chart above indicate that the application ability of Chinese is decreasing sharply in recent years among young generation while English learning has always been a hot button in China. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和while连接并列句) [高分句型2] In addition, our school are not attaching any importance to the education of Chinese, as a result of which, the lesson hours of Chinese are far fewer than those of English, leading to the fact that students pay more attention to English learning. (运用了介词+关系代词引导的定语从句和连接词that引导的同位语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2018-2019学年江苏省南京市玄武区十三中高二年级下学期期中考试 英语试卷 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and ______ individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. A. stand for B. stand out C. stand up for D. stand by 2. I can’t understand ________ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postpone to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 3. The prosperity of manufacturing industry in the 80s and 90s is due to the labour in China — cheap, trainable, _________ and ready to work. A. abundant B. special C. remote D. relevant 4. —I totally forgot about yesterday's BBQ party. —I _______, too, but for my wife’s last-minute reminder. A. did B. had C. would D. would have 5. Parents sometimes _________provide target models for children in their everyday activities, so they should mind their behavior. A. smoothly B. desperately C. ambiguously D. unintentionally 6. , we can take some measures to minimize the losses. A. As earthquakes are difficult to be predicted B. As earthquakes are difficult to predict C. Difficult as earthquakes are to predicted D. Difficult as earthquakes are to predict 7. One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem ________ it becomes an emergency. A. when B. before C. after D. unless 8. The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of ________ the Hollywood community values now and in the past. A. that B. where C. how D. what 9. — You are so kind, honey, but I prefer a beautiful dress. — OK. ___________. A. You’ve got me there B. You name it C. You have the last word D. You are pulling my leg 10. It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up 11. The girl was bent _______ being engaged to the guy she loved deeply, but her parents wouldn't approve_______her. A. on; of B. to; of C. on; for D. to; for 12. The soldiers were put in prison because they ________ to obey orders. A. refused B. rejected C. denied D. objected 13. ________ has been growing concern over the health effects ________the September 11 attacks in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. A. It; arising from B. There; causing C. There; arising from D. It; caused 14. A report shows that nearly 18 percent of American junior school students aged 13 to 15 smoke cigarettes, most of them________easy access to cigarettes. A. having B. have C. had D. to have 15. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father ___________ beside him on the deck at that time. A. was standing B. stood C. had stood D. would have stood 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Every year on my mother’s birthday I will think of the same story in my heart, The story of repairing a relationship and building a bridge. I had many ___16___ with my mother while I was growing up. After I was married for a few years my mother invited me to meet her for lunch. It sounded ___17___ but I was a dutiful daughter and of course I said yes. ___18___ having a discussion about something I did wrong or something she didn’t like or something she wanted me to ___19___ as before, she asked me if I wanted to be her friend. I was ___20___ . We’d been more like enemies than ___21___. I responded with yes since I always ___22___ a friendly relationship. Our relationship ___23___ for many reasons but there was really only one at the core. Our perception of each other was skewed (有偏颇) by ___24___. There were many things we needed to do to ____25____ our relationship but it began with these two questions and ____26____ : questions like “What were you thinking when you…?” or “Why did you do...?” and listening that didn’t lead to ____27____, but accepting the other’s view as their truth. We explained how we felt when the other had done certain things we were hurt, angry or upset about. We both held the same goal of ____28____ so we didn’t hold anything back and were especially ____29____. We saw trust in each other’s eyes through the ____30____ . I felt a beautiful hope rising in my heart like the golden sun rises over the ocean. Our misunderstandings were ____31____ and trust grew. My mother and I became extremely ____32____ and it all began with a simple ____33____. Our relationship suffered ____34____ my mother and I shared our different views and ____35____. Perception is powerful and changes everything. 16. A. fears B. worries C. expectations D. conflicts 17. A. normal B. serious C. casual D. generous 18. A. Instead of B. Apart from C. Regardless of D. Thanks to 19. A. handle B. admit C. change D. describe 20. A. prepared B. astonished C. bored D. frightened 21. A. relatives B. strangers C. friends D. neighbours 22. A. protected B. respected C. ignored D. admired 23. A. worsened B. continued C. developed D. existed 24 A. strictness B. nervousness C. surroundings D. misunderstandings 25. A. affect B. repair C. enjoy D. establish 26. A. smiling B. thinking C. listening D. responding 27. A. arguing B. applauding C. cheating D. rejecting 28. A. approval B. connection C. growth D. success 29. A. shallow B. accurate C. sharp D. explicit 30. A. judging B. sharing C. observing D. comparing 31. A. replaced B. avoided C. removed D. circulated 32. A. stable B. elegant C. sensitive D. tight 33. A. story B. apology C. invitation D. message 34. A. until B. when C. since D. though 35. A. grow up B. opened up C. gave up D. thought up 第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Plan a school visit to the Museum of London Why visit us? In the heart of London’s historic centre overlooking Roman city wall remains, we tell the story of London and Londoners from prehistory to the present. Touch a smooth flint (火石) and watch the Great Fire of London rage (肆虐), then walk down a Victorian shopping street before involving yourself in the swinging Sixties. It’s all here! Don't miss out on... Galleries covering iconic local topics including London’s prehistoric beginnings, Roman Londinium, the 1666 Great Fire and changing modern London Expert-led sessions with handling of real museum objects Our huge breadth of topics and approaches, from city walks to drama shows Transportation As we’re right in the heart of the busy city area, we don’t have a coach park — but you can be dropped off or picked up at nearby bus stops. We do have some limited parking for SEND school minibuses, and these can be booked in advance by emailing our SEND Programme. Manager: SEND@museumoflondon.org.uk. Visit management Accompanying staff are responsible for their group’s behaviour, and we ask groups to split into smaller units when exploring the museum and shop. Photography Feel free to take photos without flash or tripod (三脚架) and reuse them for educational purposes. 36. The attraction of the Museum of London lies in the fact that_________. A. it sells excellent Roman collections B. visitors can touch the exhibits in the museum C. students can learn drawing by visiting its galleries D. it tells a wide range of topics related to London’s history 37. What is required for those who visit the Museum of London? A. Group students should be divided into smaller units. B. Minibuses should be parked at a nearby bus park. C. A reservation should be made beforehand. D. People cannot take photos of the exhibits. B Just over a decade ago, a team of explorers were working on an exploration and survey mission off the western coast of Cuba when their sonar (声呐) equipment picked up a confusing series of stone structures lying some 650 meters below the surface. The structures appeared not to match the barren (贫瘠) “desert” of the ocean floor and seemed to show symmetrically (对称地) organized stones reminding explorers of an urban development. They appeared to be unusual formations of smooth blocks, some of which looked like they were built in pyramid shapes. The finding attracted the attention of the government and national museum, which all made promises to investigate the strange sonar images. “These are extremely special structures, and they have captured our imagination,” said Iturralde, who has studied countless underwater formations. “But if I had to explain this geologically, I would have a hard time.” Estimating that it would have taken 50,000 years for such structures to have sunken to the depth at which they were said to be found, Iturralde added, “50, 000 years ago there wasn’t the architectural capacity (建筑能力) in any of the cultures we know of to build complex buildings.” In the media storm that followed the announcement of the discovery, news sites were quick to draw parallels (对比) with the fabled (传说的) lost city of Atlantis. However, Zelitsky,an explorer, was unwilling to make such comparisons. “The story is a myth,” said Zelitsky. “What we have found is more likely the remains of a local culture once located on a 100-mile land bridge that joined Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula with Cuba.” Iturralde added that there are local legends of the Maya and native Yucatecos that tell of an island inhabited by their ancestors that disappeared beneath the waves. Nevertheless, Iturralde does not discount the possibility that the rock formations are merely the result of the wonders of Mother Nature. “Nature is able to create some really unimaginable structures,” he said. Despite hundreds of media outlets reporting on sunken cities, advanced civilizations, the lost city of Atlantis, and submerged ruins, there are others who are not so willing to accept this point of view. Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews from the website Bad Archaeology claimed that the depth of the so-called remains is the biggest problem for the sunken city supporters. During the Pleistocene, which was characterized by a series of ice ages, sea levels dropped greatly, but the maximum drop was around 100 meters. 38. What can we learn about the stone structures? A. They were discovered 650 meters off the coast of Cuba. B. They were once a part of an ancient pyramid. C. They were formed 50,000 years ago. D. They had a smooth surface. 39. According to Zelitsky. these stone structures came from________. A. the remains of an ancient culture. B. a 100-mile underwater bridge. C a wonder created by nature. D. the lost city of Atlantis. 40. What’s Keith Eitzpatrick-Matthews’s attitude towards the sunken city supporters? A. Surprised. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Uninterested. C “It was a winter they would tell tales about. A winter that arrived so sudden and sharp it stuck birds to branches, and caught the rivers in such a frost their spray froze. A winter that came and never left.” So begins Kiran Millwood Hargrave’s ode (颂歌) to the frozen north, to sibling (兄弟姐妹间的) love and to the attraction of adventure in The Way Past Winter. This is Hargrave’s third novel for 8 to 12-year-olds and like her award-winning book The Girl of Ink and Stars, it features (以……为主人公) a girl on a quest (探索) who will not easily give in. Written in vivid, often lyrical language, The Way Past Winter describes a richly imagined world that is rooted in myth, magic and folk tales, while mixed with modern sensibilities and concerns. Mila is the middle of three sisters who live in the great forest of Eldbjorn in a house with windows made from ice. They have a brother named Oskar; their mother died in childbirth and their father left them shortly afterwards. One day a mysterious stranger, as well as a group of boys, turns up asking for food and talking about treasure. The stranger readers soon learn, is a great bear, a mythical creature that is able to bring continuous winter to the forest. On learning that Oskar has three sisters, he says: “Three? What a curse.” He will, of course, come to regret looking down upon these girls. That night, Oskar disappears, and so do the mysterious stranger and the boys. In the morning, the sisters argue about the reason for his disappearance. Sanna, the eldest, believes her brother has left for tales of money, but Mila insists that Oskar has been taken against his will and decides to set out for a search through the frozen land And it is this idea of keeping faith with those you love that drives the story forward. Hargrave has a great eye for poetic imagery, but, for me, it is her convincing description of the emotional push-and-pull of sibling relationships that makes her story memorable. As Mila takes control of her dog-drawn sled (雪橇) through the twists and turns of this wintry tale, young readers will stay with her every step of the way. Every page in The Way Past Winter consists of unavoidable magic--so sit back, pick it up and start the journey--you might just find your way to pass winter. 41. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The Girl Ink and Stars. B. The Way Past Winter. C. Kiran Milwood Hargrave’s award. D. Kiran Millwood Hargrave’s first novel 42. What can we know about the stranger? A. He has three sisters. B. He thinks highly of Mila. C. He is not kind to Oskar. D. He has magical powers. 43. What’s the author’s attitude towards The Way Past Winter? A. Uninterested. B. Doubtful. C. Satisfied. D. Grateful. 44. What does the underline sentence the last paragraph mean? A. The novel’s plot is so attractive that young readers won’t be able to stop reading it. B. Mila is the most interesting character in the novel that young readers like her best. C. The twists and turns of the plot are sometimes too strange for readers to predict. D. The story is about the experiences of Mila and her brother in the wintry forest D When Apple cut its revenue estimate for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets convulsed. The company’s share price, which had been sliding for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit. This week Samsung, one of the world’s largest makers of smartphones, which also sells components to other smartphone makers, said its sales were weaker than expected for the quarter, too. Analysts predicted that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry’s first annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had hoped for continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. The smartphone sales have peaked and seem to be levelling off at around 1.4bn units a year, which are good news for humanity. People have voted with their wallets to make the smartphone the most successful product in history: nearly 4bn of the 5.5bn adults on the planet now have one. The smartphones connect billions of people to the Internet’s plenty of information and services. Phones make markets more efficient and compensate for poor infrastructure in developing countries. Yes, they can be used for wasting time and spreading false information, but the good far outweighs the bad. They might be the most effective tool of development in existence. The slowdown does not reflect disenchantment (觉醒) quite the contrary. It is the result of market saturation (饱和). After a decade of rapid adoption, there is much less scope to sell handsets to first-time buyers as so few of them are left. That hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s profits. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely distributed is something to be celebrated. What about the people who still lack a smartphone? Sales of 1.4bn units a year implies 2.8bn users who replace their handsets every two years, or 4.2bn who replace them every three years. The reality is somewhere in between, and replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only small improvements. Many phones are used for longer than three years, often refurbished (翻新) or as hand-me-downs. So even with flat sales, the longer gaps between upgrades mean that overall penetration (占有率) is still rising. People who already have phones benefit, too. For all, slowing down the speed of upgrades was considered as a welcome relief. Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. The latest phones contain amazingly clever technology, such as 3D face-scanners and cameras assisted by artificial intelligence. But as with mature technologies such as cars or washing machines, extra bells and whistles no longer make a deep impression. More importantly, smartphones support extra innovation in other areas. Deploying(有效利用) apps and services on an immature platform whose prospects are uncertain is risky; on a mature one it is not. Smartphones thus provide a foundation for today’s innovations, like mobile payments and video streaming, and for future ones, such as controlling “smart” home appliances. As computers become smaller, still more personal and closer to people’s bodies, many techies think that wearable devices, from smart watches to augmented-reality headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. Meanwhile, although the recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, for the whole of human society it is a welcome sign that a transformative (变化的) technology has become almost universal. 45. The underlined word “convulsed” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”. A. were created B. were broadened C. were shaken D. were controlled 46. The smartphone has been seen as the most successful product in history mainly because________. A. people can do things creatively with it B. the majority of adults each possess one C. it can help people concentrate on things they do D. it can influence the share market 47. According to Paragraphs 4 and 5, the smartphone___. A. has promoted the improvements of infrastructure B. will be given up by most people C. may help poor countries become rich D. does more good than harm to our lives 48. Why do people replace their smartphone at a slower speed now? A. Because the production of new models of smartphones takes more time. B. Because new types of smartphones are too inconvenient for people to use. C Because there are only a few changes in new models of smartphones. D. Because more smartphones are being handed down to others. 49. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably implies that__________. A. the technology of washing machines needs to be improved urgently B. slight innovations in smartphones hold little appeal for people now C. extra bells and whistles won’t satisfy the needs of consumers D. new designs are the key to the sales of cars and washing machines 50. We can learn from the last paragraph that________. A. the technology of smartphones has been widely used in human society B. the smartphone will be replaced by other inventions very soon C. the future of the smartphone is full of uncertainties D. the smartphone industry should introduce more new technology 第Ⅱ卷(共35分) 第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 Type D Personality Do you tend to feel blue, keep to yourself and tend to see the glass as half empty? You mightbe a type D personality. Type D is a particular personality type first labeled in the 1990’s by Belgian psychologist and researcher Johan Denollet. The letter “D” in this type of personality stands for “depressed” and refers to a set of personality traits that involve things like feelings of worry, sadness, hopelessness, negative self-talk, lack of self-confidence and so on. Even though many of us can feel a variety of these things at times, people with type D personality experience these traits more frequently than the average person. Type D individuals commonly fear rejection and judgment from others and, in an effort to protect themselves from those experiences, will often work diligently to hide their emotions. In addition to the fear of judgment and rejection, people with type D traits may find it difficult to trust others, especially in times of emotional distress. What’s more, those people fear burdening people with their emotional distress, especially those closest to them. Consequently, they’re found to be at greater risk of experiencing high blood pressure and heart disease. Because type D personalities struggle with increased worry, sadness, and can also find it challenging to engage in social interaction, relationships can be an area of struggle for those with type D traits. As a result, it is challenging for them to find a sense of belonging, and they experience increased depression when faced with group tasks or projects that require them to cooperate with others. Additionally, they can also struggle with setting and achieving personal goals. However, type D individuals can learn methods to help them live a full and enjoyable life. Since many type D individuals have become so good at bottling up and hiding their emotions, learning to become more aware of their emotional patterns can help them to better navigate depression and cope in heather ways-what’s more, incorporating regular exercise into everyday routines can allow those with type D personality traits to better regulate their emotions and find healthy coping behaviors. Finding ways to reach out to others, looking for common interests and learning how to take small emotional risks with others can lead to great progress. This can be something as simple as saying “Hello” to someone new, or learning how to initiate conversation with others. Hopefulness and optimism are a challenge for type D individuals. Leaning to set meaningful goals can help people gain clarity in their personal values and priorities. Short-term goal-setting can allow people to learn how to focus on their future with an increased sense of hope, optimism, and confidence. Type D Personality Introduction Type D personality is a particular personality type which is____51____by emotions like depression, etc Type D individuals’ negative emotions happen fairly_____52_____than common people’s. Challenges type D individuals are faced with They keep their emotions ____53____because they are afraid of being ____54____and refused by others, have trouble____55____others and fear to cause others trouble. They are less____56____to diseases, such as heart disease. They find it difficult to develop and maintain ____57____with others, which leads to their having no sense of belongs and more negative emotions while involved in activities requiring their cooperation with others. They are not good at setting and achieving personal goals. Tips on handing type D personality Develop a better____58____of your own emotional patterns. Be____59____active in your daily life. Improve your_____60_____skills and build healthy relationships with others. Set goals, especially short-term ones. 第五部分:书面表达(满分25分) 61. 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Recently the reporters of CCTV 11 made a random survey in some big cities in China among the pedestrians on the correct spelling of some most commonly used Chinese characters, the result of which was completely beyond their expectations. The expression they used was “embarrass”, which is pronounced in Chinese “ganga”. First, they asked eight students from Grades 4 to 6 in a famous primary school in Beijing, and half of them could write them correctly. Later they came to a secondary school and asked eight students to do the same thing, but this time only three of whom wrote the two characters correctly.What’s more surprising was that they asked five persons who had got master’s or doctor’s degrees to write the same characters, but only two of them could write them correctly. The result was not only terrific but ironic as well. Is it too difficult? Absolutely not! 【写作内容】 1. 以约30个词概括以上短文的主要内容。 2. 以约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括： (1)具体分析导致“忽视汉语学习”的原因； (2)从政府和学校来谈谈该如何做来改变这一现象。 【写作要求】 1.作文中不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$