Unit 2 第3课时 Section A(Grammar Focus～4c)——单元语法精讲精练 （作业课件）-【四清导航】2023-2024学年八年级英语下册（人教版 辽宁专用）

第三课时 Section A(Grammar Focus～4c)——单元语法精讲精练 英语 八年级下册 人教版 四清导航 语法精讲 1．动词不定式作宾语 后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有want，hope，begin，learn，try，decide，forget，remember，like，love，expect，agree，refuse，wish，plan，afford，choose，would like，need，start等。如： She wants to help homeless people.她想帮助无家可归的人。 2．动词不定式作宾语补足语 后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有ask，tell，want，expect，wish，would like等。如： The teacher asks me to hand in my homework on time.老师要求我准时交家庭作业。 2 3．动词不定式作主语 可将动词不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上，这是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。如果要说明动作的执行者，可在动词不定式前加for sb.；但如果表语是描述动作执行者性格、品质的形容词，如kind，nice，smart，clever等时，则应在动词不定式前加of sb.。如： It's nice of you to help me with my English.你帮助我学习英语，真是太好了。 4．动词不定式作定语 要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如： Would you like something to drink？你想喝点什么吗？ 3 5．动词不定式作状语 (1)放在句首或句尾，作目的状语。如： To catch the train, he got up early.＝He got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车，他起得很早。 (2)跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，作原因状语。如： I'm sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过。 6．动词不定式作表语 放在连系动词be后面，作表语。如： His dream is to be a bus driver.他的梦想是成为一名公交车司机。 4 二、动词短语 1．动词＋副词 这种结构的动词短语可作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词的动词短语，如果宾语为名词，名词位于副词的前面或后面皆可；如果宾语为人称代词，人称代词要位于副词的前面。常用的此类副词有away，out，off，up，down，back，in，along等。如： turn down关小 5 2．动词＋介词 动词与介词构成的短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词的后面。常见的介词有for，about，of，after，from，into，to，with，at等。如： laugh at嘲笑 3．动词＋副词＋介词 在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，已成为一体，词义上相当于一个及物动词，所带的宾语总是位于介词之后。如： come up with想出 6 4．动词＋名词 这类动词短语中常见的动词有have，take，give，make等。如： have a rest休息一下 5．动词＋名词＋介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。如： pay attention to注意 7 语法精练 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．My father decided _________ (spend) the summer in Yunnan. 2．I want to know how ___________ (improve) my spoken English. 3．It's necessary for us ______ (talk) to our parents when we have problems. 4．Could you please help me _________ (take) care of my pet dog while I am away? 5．I'm so hungry.Do you have anything ________ (eat)? to spend to improve to talk (to) take to eat 8 二、句子翻译 根据所给中文完成句子翻译。 6．你离开教室前记得关灯。 Remember __________ the lights before you leave the classroom. 7．她上周用完了钱。 She __________ her money last week. 8．我正期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。 I'm _________________________ from my pen pal as soon as possible. 9．她愿意帮助我学习英语。 She would like to help me (to) learn English． 10．昨天会议结束后他们不得不打扫房间。 They had to clean up the room after the meeting yesterday． to turn off ran out of looking forward to hearing 9 三、阅读短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯 I'm Li Hua. Last vacation, our school organized an activity 11. ________ (help) a poor primary school. I decided 12. ________ (join) in it and become a volunteer teacher there. My job is 13. ________________ (teach) English. Now let me 14. _____ (tell) you my experience. I bought some school things before I went there. As soon as I got there, I handed them out. These things made the students 15. ______ (feel) very happy. to help to join to teach/teaching tell feel Every day I taught the students 16. __________ (speak) English. They even learned 17. ________ (sing) some English songs. After class, some students often invited me 18. _______ (play) games with them. I was very happy 19. ________ (make) friends with them. All in all, it was a meaningful activity. I plan 20. ______ (go) there again next vacation. to speak to sing to play to make to go 课时精练 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 raise　worry　midnight　home　alone 1．It was _________ , but he hardly got any sleep at all. 2．The old woman was _______ at home and she felt very lonely. 3．Last week we _______ money to protect the animals in danger. 4．We gave something to eat to these _________ people this morning. 5．When young people work outside, they are always ________ about their parents' health.homeless midnight alone raised homeless worried $$