专题04 态度推断题（高考真题+解题妙招+名校模拟）-2025届高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)

2025届高考阅读理解微技能二轮复习精品学案 专题04 态度推断题（高考真题+解题妙招+名校模拟）原卷版 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 (2024全国甲第31题) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. (2024九省联考第28题) In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain, 29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves. 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides. 技能专区：名师点津助力冲刺备考，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 [解题妙招] 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 [词汇分类] 类别 典型词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 [满分策略] 做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； 划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； 错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，练速度，强信心 【调研01】（2025·四川宜宾·二模）I can’t believe I’m doing this! It’s 4:30 in the morning, pitch black and freezing cold. Nevertheless I find myself getting out of bed and getting dressed. A car horn sounds as I’m putting on a thick coat and wrapping a scarf around me. I grab a hat and join Jim in his car. He doesn’t seem to mind it’s cold and dark. In fact, he’ s smiling. “You’re going to love this,” he says as we drive off to the nearest park. I’m not so sure. At any opportunity Jim will be watching quietly, and sometimes excitedly, through his telescope at a bird. Don’t get me wrong. I like birds, but I just don’t get as crazy about them as Jim. Recently, when he found out that I had never heard the dawn chorus, he insisted that we meet at this unearthly hour and head for the local park. So here we are. Luckily Jim has brought hot coffee and a warm carpet to sit on. After ten shivering minutes there is a very faint light over the eastern side of the park, a suggestion of the day ahead. “Listen,” whispers Jim. I listen, nothing. Then clearly and loudly a bird starts singing. “That’s the robin (知更鸟). He’s usually the first.” After a few seconds another bird joins in “A blackbird” and then another “A blue bird”. It’s amazing. Twenty minutes later the whole park is alive with the chorus, calling, singing of birds! And yes, it’s wonderful! The noise is incredible. The lighter the sky becomes, the louder the birds sing, an incredible birds’ concert. “Wow, so are they singing because they’re happy?” I ask in disbelief. “Not really,” Jim laughs, “in fact they’re hungry but they need to do two things. One is to defend their territory and the other is to find a female–by singing they can achieve both.” Jim sees my puzzled face and explains. We listen together for a while and then slowly but surely, as the sun emerges above the trees, the birds stop singing. “Now it’s light enough to find food, and that’s the end of the show today.” 1. What is the author’s initial attitude to the early outing? A. Cautious. B. Reluctant. C. Passionate. D. Indifferent. 2. What makes the author involved in the activity? A. Jim’s insistence on it. B. Jim’s enthusiasm on birds. C. The author’s interest in chorus. D. The author’s curiosity about birds. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The singing skills of birds. B. The abundant diversity of birds. C. Various tunes of the “dawn chorus”. D. Lively scenes of the “dawn chorus”. 4. Why do birds sing at dawn according to Jim? A. To guard the land and attract mates. B. To show off their beautiful voices. C. To extend welcome to the sunrise. D. To fight fiercely for early worms. 【调研02】（2025·河北沧州·一模）The rapid spread of AI has people wondering: Who’s most likely to embrace (接受) AI in their daily lives? Many assume it’s those who understand how AI works are most eager to adopt it. Surprisingly, our new research finds the opposite. People with less knowledge about AI are actually more open to using the technology. We call this difference in adoption tendency the “lower literacy-higher receptivity” link. AI now performs tasks we once thought only humans could do. When AI creates a piece of art, writes a heartfelt response, or plays a musical instrument, it can feel almost magical — like it’s crossing into human territory. Of course, AI doesn’t actually possess human qualities. A chatbot might generate an empathetic (同感的) response, but it doesn’t feel empathy. People with more technical knowledge about AI understand this. They know how algorithms (算法), training data, and computational models operate. This makes the technology less magical. On the other hand, those with less understanding may see AI as magical and awe-inspiring. We suggest this sense of magic makes them more open to using AI tools. Our studies show this link is strongest for using AI tools in areas where people associate with human characteristics, like providing emotional support or counseling. When it comes to tasks that don’t cause the same sense of humanlike qualities — such as analyzing test results — the pattern flips. People with higher AI literacy are more receptive to these uses because they focus on AI’s efficiency, rather than any “magical” qualities. Efforts to boost AI literacy might unintentionally dampen people’s enthusiasm for using AI by making it seem less magical. This creates a tricky balance between helping people understand AI and keeping them open to its adoption. To make the most of AI’s potential, businesses, educators and policymakers need to strike this balance. By understanding how perceptions of “magicalness” shape people’s openness to AI, we can help develop new AI-based products and services that take the way people view AI into account, and help them understand the benefits and risks of AI. And ideally, this will happen without causing a loss of the admiration that inspires many people to embrace this new technology. 1. Why are less-informed people more open to AI? A. They trust its moral standards. B. They admire the ability of AI. C. They believe in its superior efficiency. D. They prefer its technical complexity. 2. What does the underlined word “flips” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Breaks down. B. Takes shape. C. Shows up. D. Turns over. 3. What is the tricky situation regarding AI literacy? A. Balancing morals and capability. B. Reducing fear while ensuring safety. C. Familiarizing without losing wonder. D. Prioritizing efficiency over magic. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards using AI? A. Objective. B. Worried. C. Skeptical. D. Dismissive. 【调研03】（2025·河北唐山·一模）My husband, Haywood, reached retirement age after 37 years of teaching this summer. I am excited to have more time with the person I like best in the world. The only downside was his stuff. What does he do with all the books? Haywood brought home, all the books, to a house already piled up with the books passed down from our parents after they passed away. Every bookshelf in the house — and there are a lot of bookshelves in this house — was already stuffed beyond moving. People have been arguing that print is dead, or about to be dead. It is not dead in this house. We write in books. We fold pages and underline passages and draw little stars at the edges of the pages. Before the objections begin, let me say that I am 100 percent in favor of every kind of reading there is: e-books, audio books, Braille books, graphic books, you name it. Nevertheless. I will always prefer a book I can hold in my hand, the kind that smells of paper and glue. The material feel of it pleases me. For me, a book made of paper will always be a beautiful object that warms a room even as it expands (or entertains, or challenges, or informs, or comforts) a mind, and a bookcase will always represent time itself. I walk past one of our bookcases, and I can tell you exactly why a particular book is still there, never removed as space grew limited. When I reread a book from my own shelves, I meet my own younger self. I am what I have read far more surely than I am what I have eaten. By looking at our bookshelves, I can tell you who my husband was, too. Our books ensure that I am still surrounded by all the selves I have ever been, and all the selves my husband has been. I prefer the messy shelves, the folded pages, the notes written in a familiar hand. 1. What can be inferred about the Haywood family? A. They push reading broadly. B. They show off their books, C. They should limit their books. D. They have a reading tradition. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards e-books? A. Supportive. B. Grateful. C. Passionate. D. Curious. 3. Why can paper books warm a room according to the author? A. They calm people’s mind. B. They hold emotional memories. C. They decorate the room well. D. They improve the family relation. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. My Books, My Moods B. My Bookshelf, Myself C. My Tie to My Husband D. My Preference to Print Books 【调研04】（2025·安徽池州·二模）Imagine obtaining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services with just a click on your smartphone. The tiring hospital trip — often causing long waits and many troubles, especially for the old — can now be done easily online. The new program is transforming TCM medical services. Users can now receive a detailed health report in under 2 minutes simply after shooting a quick photo of their tongue. Developers explain this breakthrough combines traditional TCM tongue examination methods with modern AI image analysis technology. Within half a year, the program has served over 30,000 users, with 94% reporting satisfactory outcomes. The application of AI in TCM holds significant promise for areas with limited medical resources. In distant regions where access to experienced doctors is rare, AI-assisted tools could improve healthcare quality with their medical abilities. While AI offers great potential for TCM, accurate diagnosis (诊断) still relies heavily on the doctors' professional judgment. Although AI has made progress in TCM, more work is needed due to the lack of standard rules. TCM’s diverse schools and approaches, developed over thousands of years, often lead to different treatment plans for the same illness, making it difficult for AI to learn effectively. Additionally, while computers have been used in TCM since the 1980s, early systems were too simple to handle complex patient conditions with unpredictable symptoms (症状). To address these issues, China is working on standardizing TCM by establishing 180 national and 30 international standards by 2026, while researchers are developing better TCM-AI tools. In conclusion, the integration (融合) of AI into TCM will greatly improve healthcare by making TCM more accessible and efficient. However, as the journey is only beginning, much work remains. With joint efforts from researchers and practitioners, there is every reason to believe that TCM is expected to not only enhance the quality of healthcare but also extend its benefits to communities far and wide. 1. What should users do to experience the program’s service? A. Hand in a health report. B. Examine their whole body. C. Make changes to their diet. D. Take a photo of their tongue. 2. Which of the following is the program’s advantage? A. Health care for the elderly. B. AI’s assistance in diagnosis. C. Full replacement of doctors. D. Accurate judgment of illnesses. 3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Challenges in the combination. B. Achievements of the program. C. Technologies behind the program. D. Various schools and ideas of TCM. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the program? A. Unclear. B. Disapproving. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 【调研05】（2025·四川攀枝花·二模）Cycling advocates in Canada’s Province of British Columbia (B. C. ) hope a new U.S. study will boost the case to allow cyclists to yield, which means to slow down and pass without stopping fully, at stop signs and safely roll through intersections (道路交叉口). While it’s the law like B. C. for cyclists to stop at stop signs, like every other road user, it’s common to see people on two wheels choose an illegal yield — rolling past the sign after checking it’s safe to pass through. “It makes it a lot more efficient,” said Vancouver cyclist Ben Cooper about getting through intersections. “I’m not going to come to a full stop. You know, the amount of energy it takes to stop my entire bike and get it going again — it just doesn’t make sense.” The argument over whether rolling stops — that is, no need to stop completely, but pass slowly — should be legalized has been ongoing since the early 1980s when the state of Idaho first made it legal, resulting in the move being named the Idaho stop. Several other U.S. states have since followed suit, including Oregon. Canada hasn’t yet adopted laws for rolling stops for bikes. Cycling advocates in B. C. say they’ve been pushing the issue for years and hope a new study from researchers at Oregon State University, published this month in an academic transportation journal, will aid their argument. The Oregon study says with proper education for both cyclists and drivers, Idaho stops do not lead either riders or drivers to act unsafely. Researchers observed 60 people paired off who went through 16 virtual interaction scenes as either cyclist or driver, coming together at a four-way-stop intersection. They found that instead of drivers being angry toward cyclists who appeared to be breaking the law by rolling through, driving participants approached intersections either more slowly or at a similar pace after being educated about what bicycle rolling stops were. Nearly four out of five crashes involving cyclists in B. C. happen at intersections. “This research gives decision-makers information to support prospective legal policies, set up educational programs and design strong enforcement (执行) practices,” said Hurwitz, one of the researchers. 1. What is Ben Cooper’s opinion about cyclists’ yielding at stop signs? A. It’s more effective. B. It’s against the law. C. It’s a waste of time. D. It’s dangerous for cyclists. 2. What is the result of the study at Oregon State University? A. Rolling stops always cause more accidents. B. Suitable education ensures safe “Idaho stops”. C. Study shows rolling stops should be banned. D. Drivers are mad at cyclists yielding at intersections. 3. What is the attitude of Hurwitz towards legalization of yield? A. Doubtful. B. Uncaring. C. Disproving. D. Supportive. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Citizens Call for a Ban on Rolling Stops B. Bicycle Safety Tips on Rolling Stops C. Cyclists Push for “Idaho Stop” Law D. Policy Makers Focus on Cyclist-Driver Crashes 【调研06】（2025·河北·一模）While Ozempic causes “significant lean mass loss”, it burns calories with no apparent side effects. Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle. The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting (呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines — co-author on the study — told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.” So how does it work? The research claims NK2R affects the body in two main ways: firstly, by targeting your brain and reducing appetite. Secondly, the drug increases calorie burning in the muscles and body fat. NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. Scientists say activating NK2R through the drug can influence blood sugar and body weight. When the research team administered the drug to overweight mice, it resulted in weight loss and a decrease in food intake. But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC. Researchers aim to begin clinical trials of NK2R on humans within the next two years. 1. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. NK2R will take the place of Ozempic. B. Ozempic usually leads patients to vomit. C. NK2R may be popular among customers. D. NK2R causes no muscle loss compared to Ozempic. 2. How does the author explain how NK2R functions? A. By quoting authorities. B. By listing numbers. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples. 3. What is Dr. Adam Collins’s attitude towards NK2R? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent. 4. Why does the author write the text? A. To advertise for NK2R. B. To introduce a new diet pill. C. To stress the importance of health. D. To inform readers of NK2R’s function. 【调研07】（2025·云南·模拟预测）When you listen to music, it’s not just your ears that are engaged. The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. The hippocampus (海马体), essential for memories, works closely with the amygdala (杏仁体), the brain’s emotional center. This explains why some songs are both memorable and emotional. Given music’s ability to evoke emotions and trigger memories, we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories, through the process of memory reactivation. To test this, we conducted a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memorized neutral stories. The next day, they recalled the stories while listening to positive, negative music, or in silence, with fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) scans recording their brain activity. On the final day, they recalled the stories without music. The results were remarkable. When recalling neutral stories, participants listening to emotionally charged music were more likely to add new emotional elements into the story that matched the mood of the music. The brain scans from the experiment were even more interesting. When participants recalled stories with music, there was increased activity in the hippocampus and amygdala. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful — it activates both emotion-and memory-processing regions at the same time. We also observed strong communication between these emotional memory processing areas of the brain and the areas involved in visual sensory processing. This suggests that music might add emotional details into memories while participants are visually imagining the stories. Our findings indicate that music serves as an emotional lure (诱饵), becoming intertwined with memories and subtly altering their emotional tone. For people dealing with conditions such as depression or PTSD (创伤后应激障碍), where negative memories can be overwhelming, carefully chosen music might help reconstruct those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time. It also paves new paths for exploring music-based interventions in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions. 1. What is the purpose of the experiment? A. To illustrate an argument. B. To draw a comparison. C. To clarify a misconception. D. To confirm an assumption. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Music-aided memories are richer. B. Music makes life more powerful. C. Brain areas work independently. D. Music has little impact on brain. 3. What’s the author’s attitude toward the potential of music in mental health treatment? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Negative. 4. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Music Can Alter the Emotional Tone of Memory B. Music Can Separate Emotions from Memory C. Music Can Promote Brain Activity D. Music Can Help Improve Memory 【调研08】（2025·山东·一模）At 19, Mahmood Akram has made a remarkable achievement. He can read, write, and type in 400 languages and speak 46 fluently. This incredible ability showcases his deeprooted passion for languages. Akram’s language learning journey started at the age of four, under the guidance of his father who is proficient in 16 languages. Akram mastered the English alphabet (字母表) in just six days and the 299 alphabets of Tamil in three weeks. By the time he was six, he had already surpassed his father’s language knowledge and was eager to explore more languages independently. At eight, he became the youngest multilingual (多语言的) typist, setting his first world record. At ten, he wrote the Indian national anthem in 20 languages within an hour, achieving his second world record. By 12, he could handle 400 languages and won a German award in a competition against 70 linguistic experts. However, Akram’s passion for languages brought challenges to his traditional education. After fifth-grade, he couldn’t find a language-focused school in India, so he studied online. Later, he received a scholarship to study in Austria. Currently, he is pursuing multiple degrees in English literature, and animation. For Akram, his achievements are part of a bigger goal. He has found that many people believe English is enough for global communication and he wants to change that and encourage people to learn more languages. Starting to teach at the Akram Global Languages Institute founded by his father at 14, he now conducts language workshops abroad in countries like Thailand, and Indonesia. He believes that learning languages can build connections between people and dreams of translating Tamil literary masterpieces. From a curious four-year-old learning alphabets in Chennai to a world record-holding polyglot, Mahmood Akram’s journey is a powerful reminder of the impact of passion and perseverance. He hopes to inspire others to value linguistic diversity. “I want to be a language professor and a role model for others. Knowing a language is a powerful way to make people feel at home, appreciating linguistic diversity and embracing their cultural identities.” 1. What role did Akram’s father play in his language learning journey? A. Teach him to speak fluently. B. Help him set a world record. C. Send him to a language school. D. Equip him with learning methods. 2. How was Akram challenged in elementary education? A. He had a lack of resources. B. He had to drop out of school. C. He was rejected for scholarship. D. He pursued several degrees at a time. 3. What might be Akram’s attitude towards Tamil masterpieces? A. Admiring. B. Dismissive. C. Critical. D. Thrilled. 4. What can be inferred from Akram’s words? A. Learning a language requires talent. B. Inspiration serves as a motivation for life. C. Language enhances a sense of belonging. D. Passion can transform into a profession. 【调研09】（2025·云南玉溪·模拟预测）If you have any broken items or clothes full of holes lying around in your home, bring them to the repair cafe. The Repair Cafe, located within Sulzer Regional Library in Chicago, operates for two hours on the second Saturday of each month, providing a certain time and place for nearby residents to seek assistance with repairing their precious belongings. From rewiring toys to resewing stuffed animals and clothes, the Repair Cafe’s volunteers skilfully tackle various challenges. The Repair Cafe operates on a nonprofit model, offering its services for free. Furthermore, participants are invited to make voluntary donations, which are then used to purchase specific tools needed for repairs or organize team-building activities for the volunteers. The concept of the Repair Cafe originated in Amsterdam and was put forward by Martine Postma, a former journalist, in 2009 while writing about waste reduction and prevention. She recognized the lack of repair culture in daily life contributed significantly to the increasing waste problem. Postma established the first Repair Cafe in her neighborhood as a testing ground. The response was overwhelmingly positive, encouraging others to express interest in adopting the model in their communities. Postma initially worried about finding enough volunteers with the necessary skills, but she discovered that interested individuals with repair expertise (专长) were eager to get involved once the idea became known. Word of mouth played a significant role in attracting talented repairers to the cause. Looking toward the future, Postma said she hopes that as repair culture is revitalized (复兴), professional repairers will regain their importance, making a living from their skills. She imagines Repair Cafes in every community, creating a global movement to reduce waste and preserve resources. 1. What can we know about the Repair Cafe? A. It is a community-driven initiative. B. It recycles second-hand items. C. It operates as a commercial business. D. It focuses on fixing everyday objects. 2. Why was the idea of the Repair Cafe proposed? A. To set an example for others. B. To deal with resource shortage. C. To strengthen community ties. D. To reduce waste of resources. 3. What is skilled repairers’ attitude toward Postma’s idea? A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Reserved. 4. What might Postma do next? A. Launch more meaningful movements. B. Make repairers a popular career choice. C. Promote the repair culture worldwide. D. Ensure good community development. 【调研10】（2025·广东佛山·二模）Suzanne Donohoe, a top manager, started the month with a 10-day business trip through Asia. Back in New York, her husband, Matt Donohoe, was helping their three teenagers begin a new school year. That was no simple task. Though the children are close in age, each goes to a different school and has different after-school activities. Matt drove their 13-year-old to hockey practices and took all three children for a tournament. In between, there were groceries to buy, meals to prepare and homework to assist with. It was all in a day’s work for Matt, who quit his job to help out at home. He is part of a quiet but growing group of men who manage responsibilities at home while their wives climb to top positions in finance. According to a 2023 report, Dads represented 18% of stay-at-home parents in 2021, up from 11% in 1989. Wall Street has long struggled to promote and keep women. A hotly competitive industry that demands long hours, frequent travel and the need to be on call constantly, it has been an unwelcoming environment for women, particularly those with children. Managing the arrangements is a challenging task. Women leaders in finance say that having a partner who stays home can relieve that burden. The disheartening part of the message is that you can’t achieve if one parent isn’t at home. For the men, being a househusband can come with a negative perception: Society often still assumes men will be the bigger earners and women the main caregivers. Not all men are as comfortable in the position. One stay-at-home dad says he sometimes tells other men that he manages real estate — technically true because the family owns a few buildings. He says he can identify other men in similar roles when they say they “run a small investment fund.” “We’re all out there, but we can’t say anything about it,” he says. Paul Sullivan, a stay-at-home dad, has been trying to change that. He founded a group called the Company of Dads, but he found no support groups for men in his position. He reached out for advice. Some said people sometimes made fun of the househusbands, calling them names like “Mr. Mom.” “Two things can be true at once,” Sullivan says. “Moms can be discriminated against in the workplace, and dads can be afraid to take a lead role at home.” 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. Mothers’ greater contribution to the family. B. Children’s pressure from after-school activities. C. Fathers’ more involvement in household duties. D. Fathers’ poor performance in time management. 2. What is the writing purpose of paragraph 3? A. To oppose the competitive nature of Wall Street. B. To describe challenges women face in their careers. C. To suggest men should stay at home to support women. D. To show how househusbands help their wives succeed. 3. What can be inferred about the stay-at-home dads from paragraph 4&5? A. They are widely accepted as main caregivers. B. They are proud of being stay-at-home parents. C. They try to play down their caregiving roles. D. They struggle to balance work and family. 4. What is people’s attitude to Sullivan’s initiative? A. Appreciative. B. Ambiguous. C. Tolerant. D. Disapproving. 【调研11】（2025·广东江门·一模）Sometimes, what my seven-year-old tabby cat Ophelia wants is obvious. Crying in front of her empty food bowl at dinner time clearly indicates she’s at risk of starvation. Other times, though, her meows are a complete and total mystery. That’s where Sergei Dreizin and Mark Boyes, computer scientists at Akvelon, a software engineering company based in Bellevue, Washington, say they can help. They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app, which aims to “give cat owners the best tools available” for interpreting their pet’s needs. When Boyes and Dreizin were looking for data to inform their new app, they came across 2019 research that revealed cat meows contain certain shared characteristics. The study authors then built a computer program to analyze audio recordings of 21 adult cats meowing. The MeowTalk founders used these audio recordings of tens of thousands of meows to develop their computer models, which is fueled by artificial intelligence. And it worked. 2021 study found MeowTalk can classify nine feline (猫科的) phrases with 90 percent accuracy. The free app records your feline’s meows and translates them into a small range of phrases, such as “I’m annoyed.” and “Feed me!” Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations, which further improves the computer model. Launched in November 2020, the app has been downloaded over 20 million times, and Dreizin estimates that the program has analyzed over a billion meows to date. “We’re the largest depositors of meows in this galaxy,” he quips. The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet, which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need; for instance, a cat can learn to press a button that says the word “play”. Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy, but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal. “If people play with the app, maybe they will become more attentive to their cats,” says de Mouzon, of Paris Nanterre University. 1. How can computer scientists at Akvelon help cat owners? A. By making cats’ needs fulfilled. B. By getting cats rid of starvation. C. By filling the empty food bowls. D. By solving the mysteries of cats’ meows. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. Users think the app very helpful. B. Users can help to promote the app. C. Dreizin thinks the app is the most accurate. D. The program has analyzed billions of meows. 3. What’s Charlotte’s attitude to this kind of apps? A. Doubtful. B. Conservative. C. Positive. D. Negative. 4. What is the purpose of the the text? A. To comment on two apps. B. To compare two similar apps. C. To introduce the new technology. D. To recommend an app to cats’ owners. 【调研12】（24-25高二上·浙江丽水·期末）You won’t find tigers jumping through fiery hoops in the wild or bears riding bicycles. Wild elephants don’t walk around on two legs and wild sea lions don’t balance balls on their noses for fun. These are the kinds of animal acts you may have seen at the circus. However, the wild animals in circuses are extremely stressed by circus conditions. The loud noise of the music, the cheers of the crowd and the dizzying lights all disorientate (失去方向) and cause stress to wild animals. Over long periods, this can result in abnormal behaviors and health problems related to anxiety. While it is possible that domesticated dogs could enjoy the stimulation of certain types of circus training and performance, for wild species such as tigers, bears and monkeys, performing on stage can get them deeply hurt. The movements and poses are completely unnatural and can cause physical injury and stress. When circus animals don’t perform the trick right, they are often beaten as punishment. The living conditions at circuses consistently fail to meet the animals’ most basic needs. When the show stops, the animals typically return to isolation in small, barren cages which give them no opportunity to carry out behaviors natural to their species, or to interact with their own kind. While not performing, the animals have nothing to do but stare at the walls. Many are limited to living in dark places with no daylight, no sunlight, and no exposure to the outside for stimulation. They live mind-numbing, boring, completely unnatural lives. Traveling circus animals can spend up to 11 months of the year on the road. They are limited inside very small stalls or cages, traveling for thousands of hours, over very long distances. It’s disturbing, unnatural, frightening and stressful for them. Nearly all circus animals are chained up and immobilized while traveling. Traveling poses many physical risks to them, including accidents, injuries, heart stroke and overheating, unusual cold and freezing temperatures that can make them sick, loud noise and general discomfort. 1. Why are animals in circuses unhealthy both mentally and physically? A. Because of their abnormal behavior. B. Because of their performances on stage. C. Because of their punishment from trainers. D. Because of their unnatural living conditions. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The animals’ basic needs when a show stops. B. The animals’ living state when they do not perform. C. The animals’ mental state when they are travelling. D. The animals’ daily interactions when they are caged. 3. What does the underlined word “immobilized” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Fixed in a place. B. Delivered to a place. C. Trained by someone. D. Followed by someone. 4. What’s the author’s attitude towards those animals in circuses? A. Indifferent. B. Annoyed. C. Sympathetic. D. Opposed. 【调研13】（2024·广东广州·模拟预测）Situated at 4,700 meters near Mount Everest in Northwest China’s Qinghai province, Yushu houses thousands who harvest caterpillar fungus, a highly valued traditional medicine. Each May and June, numerous pickers brave the tough environment to collect this essential income, often facing a variety of health issues. Before the establishment of the mobile clinics, ill or injured pickers had to endure a one to two day travel downhill for treatment, resulting in lost income and life-threatening delays in emergencies. Recognizing this situation, Yushu City People’s Hospital and local authorities partnered with town-level health centers to create mobile clinics that provide medical services directly at major harvesting sites. This initiative aims to modernize healthcare access for remote, economically vital communities involved in fungus harvesting. This season, over 200 medical professionals from county. township. and village levels formed 26 mobile medical service teams, covering 40 harvesting zones. Each zone has three to five medical personnel offering free medicine and initial treatments. The mobile clinics perform initial screenings and diagnoses, measure blood pressure and test blood sugar levels, ensuring immediate care without long-distance travel. Tashi, a dedicated doctor in these mobile clinics for over a decade, recalls a 2019 incident when an elderly man fainted while digging caterpillar fungus. The mobile clinic team swiftly transported him to a town ambulance, and he fully recovered in the hospital. “These clinics have been lifesavers for many.” Tashi emphasizes. The mobile clinics have created a vital health safety net for Yushu’s herdsmen and pickers. By providing essential medical care in one of the world’s most challenging high-altitude environments, these clinics enhance local well-being and support the sustainability of traditional livelihoods. This annual initiative marks a significant step toward improving healthcare accessibility in remote China, ensuring Yushu’s hardworking communities receive the necessary medical attention. 1. What do we know about the caterpillar fungus pickers in Yushu? A. They are in poor health. B. They work as full-time farmers. C. They mainly live on fungus harvesting. D. They harvest fungus throughout the year. 2. Why are the mobile clinics in Yushu established? A. To provide professional training for local doctors. B. To increase the income of caterpillar fungus pickers. C. To research traditional herbal medicine in remote areas. D. To offer timely medical support to caterpillar fungus pickers. 3. What can be inferred about the mobile clinics? A. They are the result of joint efforts. B. They provide further medical treatment. C. They have cost a lot to operate and maintain. D. They are staffed by experts from large hospitals. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the mobile clinics? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Appreciative. 【调研14】（24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism (机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic (巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty (新奇的事物). While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The familiarity principle. B. The advertising cost. C. The improved service. D. The law of the market. 2. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Our preferences affect our decisions. B. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions. C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword. D. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone B. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone C. Spare A Thought For Your Preference D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect 【调研15】（2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar’s landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason. Together with their colleagues, the scientists monitored 15 trees to find new baobab seed-distributing animals in a western Madagascar region. They also set up camera traps around seed-containing fruits, and searched any feces (粪便) along the way for the presence of seeds. They report in the journal Biotropica that a native rat was caught on camera handling whole fruits on four occasions. Although there was no record of the rat breaking the fruits open, the team found 13 fruits that had been chewed into and had their seeds removed. Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. The discovery is not without irony (讽刺). Scientists believe bush pigs were brought to Madagascar by humans sometime between 1,000 and 5,000 years ago, just as the former seed-distributing animals were going extinct. Their arrival was a lucky break for the baobabs, especially as scientists have determined a seed’s journey through the pig-like digestive system doesn’t reduce its ability to grow. While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful. Madagascar’s pigs, for example, though not native, have made themselves essential to the survival of truly native species. Similar relationships are suspected to hold in South America between rabbits native to Europe and plants with no seed distributors. For Dr. Andriantsaralaza, that suggests the full ecological role of introduced species should be considered before talk of extinction begins. 1. What is the study aimed at? A. Monitoring endangered baobab trees. B. Discovering why baobab trees still exist. C. Preserving the landscape of Madagascar. D. Investigating how animals distribute seeds. 2. What led the scientists to identify the real culprit? A. The clear bite marks on the fruits. B. The number of fruits broken open. C. Where the removed baobab seeds lay. D. How a native rat handled whole fruits. 3. What is the writer’s attitude towards introduced species? A. Dismissive. B. Conventional. C. Enthusiastic. D. Fair. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Species Savers: Malagasy Bush Pigs. B. Seed Distributors: Malagasy Baobabs. C. Ecological Role of Seed-containing Fruits. D. Disappearance of Seed-distributing Animals. 【调研16】（2024·浙江温州·二模）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The advertising cost. B. The improved service. C. The familiarity principle. D. The principle of the market. 2. We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A. Our preferences affect our decisions B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B. Spare a Thought for Your Preference C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D. Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect 【调研17】（2025·河南南阳·二模）Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non-stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back. “When every moment of your life feels like you are being sold something and the price of that item keeps going up, people will burn out on spending money,” said Kara Perez, an influencer and financial educator. Social media has long showcased picture — perfect homes, luxurious closets and various beauty products. But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity. For example, many people on social media proudly display their well-worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers. For a long time, young people in the West have commonly made use of “Buy Now, Pay Later” plans, which have intensified consumption. They have developed a behavior of spending down to their last pound on a fashion item. It is an addiction tied to the pressure “to show who we are through possessions”. However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds. “The social media trend of ‘underconsumption’ is a way for Gen Z to make the most of their money and be environmentally friendly at the same time,” said Ashley Ross, head of Bank of America. Low-consumption brick-and-mortar (实体的) initiatives attract a broader range of people across different profiles and generations. Anjali Zielinski, 42, joined a “Mending 101” workshop in Georgetown, DC, hoping to acquire new skills. She brought her 7-year-old daughter, Mina, along with her. In addition to providing an outlet for Mina’s creativity, she hopes the craft will teach her daughter the “value of our possessions and the work that goes into them.” But some are still doubtful. It remains to be seen whether “underconsumption core” is simply a mood or a lasting movement. “The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC. 1. What is the cause of some Americans’ cutting back on spending? A. The commercial activities. B. Their social media feeds. C. Their material satisfaction. D. The economic downturn. 2. What is the philosophy of “underconsumption core”? A. Spending money as you like. B. Doing more with less. C. Keeping up with the Joneses. D. Buy Now, Pay Later. 3. How does the author tell us the trend’s popularity among people? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By listing numbers. D. By citing research data. 4. What is Brett House’s attitude to the “underconsumption core” trend? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Disapproving. 试卷第18页，共18页 试卷第17页，共18页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考阅读理解微技能二轮复习精品学案 专题04 态度推断题（高考真题+解题妙招+名校模拟）解析版 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 (2024全国甲第31题) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 (2024九省联考第28题) In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain, 29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves. 30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。 28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。 29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。 30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。 31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。 技能专区：名师点津助力冲刺备考，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 [解题妙招] 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 [词汇分类] 类别 典型词汇 乐观支持类 optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类 objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类 negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 [满分策略] 做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； 划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； 错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，练速度，强信心 （2025·四川宜宾·二模）I can’t believe I’m doing this! It’s 4:30 in the morning, pitch black and freezing cold. Nevertheless I find myself getting out of bed and getting dressed. A car horn sounds as I’m putting on a thick coat and wrapping a scarf around me. I grab a hat and join Jim in his car. He doesn’t seem to mind it’s cold and dark. In fact, he’ s smiling. “You’re going to love this,” he says as we drive off to the nearest park. I’m not so sure. At any opportunity Jim will be watching quietly, and sometimes excitedly, through his telescope at a bird. Don’t get me wrong. I like birds, but I just don’t get as crazy about them as Jim. Recently, when he found out that I had never heard the dawn chorus, he insisted that we meet at this unearthly hour and head for the local park. So here we are. Luckily Jim has brought hot coffee and a warm carpet to sit on. After ten shivering minutes there is a very faint light over the eastern side of the park, a suggestion of the day ahead. “Listen,” whispers Jim. I listen, nothing. Then clearly and loudly a bird starts singing. “That’s the robin (知更鸟). He’s usually the first.” After a few seconds another bird joins in “A blackbird” and then another “A blue bird”. It’s amazing. Twenty minutes later the whole park is alive with the chorus, calling, singing of birds! And yes, it’s wonderful! The noise is incredible. The lighter the sky becomes, the louder the birds sing, an incredible birds’ concert. “Wow, so are they singing because they’re happy?” I ask in disbelief. “Not really,” Jim laughs, “in fact they’re hungry but they need to do two things. One is to defend their territory and the other is to find a female–by singing they can achieve both.” Jim sees my puzzled face and explains. We listen together for a while and then slowly but surely, as the sun emerges above the trees, the birds stop singing. “Now it’s light enough to find food, and that’s the end of the show today.” 1. What is the author’s initial attitude to the early outing? A. Cautious. B. Reluctant. C. Passionate. D. Indifferent. 2. What makes the author involved in the activity? A. Jim’s insistence on it. B. Jim’s enthusiasm on birds. C. The author’s interest in chorus. D. The author’s curiosity about birds. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The singing skills of birds. B. The abundant diversity of birds. C. Various tunes of the “dawn chorus”. D. Lively scenes of the “dawn chorus”. 4. Why do birds sing at dawn according to Jim? A. To guard the land and attract mates. B. To show off their beautiful voices. C. To extend welcome to the sunrise. D. To fight fiercely for early worms. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与Jim在凌晨时分前往公园聆听鸟鸣的经历，包括他们的行动、感受等。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I can’t believe I’m doing this! It’s 4:30 in the morning, pitch black and freezing cold. Nevertheless I find myself getting out of bed and getting dressed.(真不敢相信我居然在做这种事！现在是凌晨 4 点半，四周漆黑一片，冷得刺骨。尽管如此，我还是起了床，开始穿衣服)”以及““You’re going to love this,” he says as we drive off to the nearest park. I’m not so sure.(“你会喜欢这次经历的。”我们开车前往最近的公园时，他这样说道。可我心里没底)”可知，作者最初对这次早起外出的态度是不情愿的。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Recently, when he found out that I had never heard the dawn chorus, he insisted that we meet at this unearthly hour and head for the local park.(最近，当他发现我从未听过清晨的鸟鸣大合唱时，他坚持要我们在这个不合常理的时间碰面，然后前往当地的公园)”可知，作者原本并不想去这么早去公园听鸟鸣，是因为Jim发现作者从未听过清晨的鸟鸣大合唱后，坚持要在这个不合理的时间碰面并前往当地公园，所以作者才参与了这次活动。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段““Listen,” whispers Jim. I listen, nothing. Then clearly and loudly a bird starts singing. “That’s the robin (知更鸟). He’s usually the first.” After a few seconds another bird joins in “A blackbird” and then another “A blue bird”. It’s amazing. Twenty minutes later the whole park is alive with the chorus, calling, singing of birds! And yes, it’s wonderful! The noise is incredible. The lighter the sky becomes, the louder the birds sing, an incredible birds’ concert.(“听。”Jim轻声说道。我听了听，什么也没听到。接着，一只鸟清晰而响亮地开始歌唱。“那是知更鸟。它通常是第一个开口的。”几秒钟后，另一只鸟也加入了进来。“是乌鸫。”然后又有一只鸟唱起了歌。“是蓝鸲。”太不可思议了。二十分钟后，整个公园都回荡着鸟儿的大合唱，它们的叫声、歌声此起彼伏！没错，这太美妙了！这声音震耳欲聋。天空越来越亮，鸟儿们唱得也越来越响亮，简直就是一场令人难以置信的鸟类音乐会)”可知，第四段主要描述了从一开始作者什么都没听到，到一只知更鸟开始歌唱，接着乌鸫、蓝鸲等鸟儿陆续加入，二十分钟后整个公园都充满了鸟儿的合唱声，天空越亮鸟儿唱得越响亮，就像一场令人难以置信的鸟类音乐会。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Not really,” Jim laughs, “in fact they’re hungry but they need to do two things. One is to defend their territory and the other is to find a female–by singing they can achieve both.” Jim sees my puzzled face and explains.(“不完全是，”Jim笑着说，“事实上，它们饿了，但它们需要做两件事。一是保卫自己的领地，二是寻找配偶——通过唱歌，它们可以同时达成这两个目的。”Jim看到我一脸困惑，便解释道)”可知，Jim解释说鸟儿在黎明唱歌，一是为了保卫它们的领地，二是为了找到配偶，通过唱歌它们可以同时实现这两个目的。故选A。 （2025·河北沧州·一模）The rapid spread of AI has people wondering: Who’s most likely to embrace (接受) AI in their daily lives? Many assume it’s those who understand how AI works are most eager to adopt it. Surprisingly, our new research finds the opposite. People with less knowledge about AI are actually more open to using the technology. We call this difference in adoption tendency the “lower literacy-higher receptivity” link. AI now performs tasks we once thought only humans could do. When AI creates a piece of art, writes a heartfelt response, or plays a musical instrument, it can feel almost magical — like it’s crossing into human territory. Of course, AI doesn’t actually possess human qualities. A chatbot might generate an empathetic (同感的) response, but it doesn’t feel empathy. People with more technical knowledge about AI understand this. They know how algorithms (算法), training data, and computational models operate. This makes the technology less magical. On the other hand, those with less understanding may see AI as magical and awe-inspiring. We suggest this sense of magic makes them more open to using AI tools. Our studies show this link is strongest for using AI tools in areas where people associate with human characteristics, like providing emotional support or counseling. When it comes to tasks that don’t cause the same sense of humanlike qualities — such as analyzing test results — the pattern flips. People with higher AI literacy are more receptive to these uses because they focus on AI’s efficiency, rather than any “magical” qualities. Efforts to boost AI literacy might unintentionally dampen people’s enthusiasm for using AI by making it seem less magical. This creates a tricky balance between helping people understand AI and keeping them open to its adoption. To make the most of AI’s potential, businesses, educators and policymakers need to strike this balance. By understanding how perceptions of “magicalness” shape people’s openness to AI, we can help develop new AI-based products and services that take the way people view AI into account, and help them understand the benefits and risks of AI. And ideally, this will happen without causing a loss of the admiration that inspires many people to embrace this new technology. 1. Why are less-informed people more open to AI? A. They trust its moral standards. B. They admire the ability of AI. C. They believe in its superior efficiency. D. They prefer its technical complexity. 2. What does the underlined word “flips” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Breaks down. B. Takes shape. C. Shows up. D. Turns over. 3. What is the tricky situation regarding AI literacy? A. Balancing morals and capability. B. Reducing fear while ensuring safety. C. Familiarizing without losing wonder. D. Prioritizing efficiency over magic. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards using AI? A. Objective. B. Worried. C. Skeptical. D. Dismissive. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们对AI接受度的差异，指出对AI了解较少的人更容易接受AI技术，而对AI技术了解较多的人则更关注其效率和实用性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容“On the other hand, those with less understanding may see AI as magical and awe-inspiring. We suggest this sense of magic makes them more open to using AI tools.(另一方面，那些不太了解人工智能的人可能会认为人工智能很神奇，令人敬畏。我们认为这种神奇的感觉使他们更愿意使用人工智能工具)”可知，一些人更容易接受AI是因为他们对AI的能力感到钦佩。故选B项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据上文的句子“Our studies show this link is strongest for using AI tools in areas where people associate with human characteristics, like providing emotional support or counseling. When it comes to tasks that don’t cause the same sense of humanlike qualities—such as analyzing test results(我们的研究表明，在与人类特征相关的领域（如提供情感支持或咨询）使用人工智能工具时，这种联系最为强烈。当涉及到不会引起同样的人类品质感的任务时，比如分析测试结果)”可知，此处对比了“与人类特征相关的领域（如提供情感支持或咨询）使用人工智能工具时”和“不会引起同样的人类品质感的任务时”两种情况，因为后者不涉及引起人类品质感的任务，所以与前者相比情况会出现反转，划线单词flip的意义为“改变；反转”，与turn over意义相近。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的内容“Efforts to boost AI literacy might unintentionally dampen people’s enthusiasm for using AI by making it seem less magical. (提高AI素养的努力可能会无意中削弱人们对使用AI的热情，因为它会让AI显得不那么神奇)”可知，关于人工智能素养，关键在于在提高AI素养的同时保持人们对AI的“神奇感”。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的内容“By understanding how perceptions of ‘magicalness’ shape people’s openness to AI, we can help develop new AI-based products and services that take the way people view AI into account, and help them understand the benefits and risks of AI. (通过理解‘神奇感’如何影响人们对AI的接受度，我们可以帮助开发新的基于AI的产品和服务，同时考虑到人们对AI的看法，并帮助他们理解AI的好处和风险)”可知，作者对AI的态度是客观的，既看到了其潜力，也关注了其风险和挑战。故选A项。 （2025·河北唐山·一模）My husband, Haywood, reached retirement age after 37 years of teaching this summer. I am excited to have more time with the person I like best in the world. The only downside was his stuff. What does he do with all the books? Haywood brought home, all the books, to a house already piled up with the books passed down from our parents after they passed away. Every bookshelf in the house — and there are a lot of bookshelves in this house — was already stuffed beyond moving. People have been arguing that print is dead, or about to be dead. It is not dead in this house. We write in books. We fold pages and underline passages and draw little stars at the edges of the pages. Before the objections begin, let me say that I am 100 percent in favor of every kind of reading there is: e-books, audio books, Braille books, graphic books, you name it. Nevertheless. I will always prefer a book I can hold in my hand, the kind that smells of paper and glue. The material feel of it pleases me. For me, a book made of paper will always be a beautiful object that warms a room even as it expands (or entertains, or challenges, or informs, or comforts) a mind, and a bookcase will always represent time itself. I walk past one of our bookcases, and I can tell you exactly why a particular book is still there, never removed as space grew limited. When I reread a book from my own shelves, I meet my own younger self. I am what I have read far more surely than I am what I have eaten. By looking at our bookshelves, I can tell you who my husband was, too. Our books ensure that I am still surrounded by all the selves I have ever been, and all the selves my husband has been. I prefer the messy shelves, the folded pages, the notes written in a familiar hand. 1. What can be inferred about the Haywood family? A. They push reading broadly. B. They show off their books, C. They should limit their books. D. They have a reading tradition. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards e-books? A. Supportive. B. Grateful. C. Passionate. D. Curious. 3. Why can paper books warm a room according to the author? A. They calm people’s mind. B. They hold emotional memories. C. They decorate the room well. D. They improve the family relation. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. My Books, My Moods B. My Bookshelf, Myself C. My Tie to My Husband D. My Preference to Print Books 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者对纸质书的深厚情感与偏爱。作者丈夫退休后，家中书籍堆积如山，但这并未让作者感到困扰，反而让她倍感亲切。书架上的书籍见证了作者和丈夫的历程，是时间的见证者。因此，作者坚称纸质书在她心中有着不可替代的地位。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Haywood brought home, all the books, to a house already piled up with the books passed down from our parents after they passed away. Every bookshelf in the house — and there are a lot of bookshelves in this house — was already stuffed beyond moving.(海伍德把所有的书都带回家，我们的家里已经堆满了父母去世后留下的书。房子里的每个书架——这个房子里有很多书架——都已经塞得无法移动了)”可知，海伍德家族有阅读的传统。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Before the objections begin, let me say that I am 100 percent in favor of every kind of reading there is: e-books, audio books, Braille books, graphic books, you name it.(在反对开始之前，我想说，我百分之百地支持所有的阅读方式：电子书、有声书、盲文书、图文书，应有尽有)”可知，作者对电子书的态度是支持。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“For me, a book made of paper will always be a beautiful object that warms a room even as it expands (or entertains, or challenges, or informs, or comforts) a mind, and a bookcase will always represent time itself. I walk past one of our bookcases, and I can tell you exactly why a particular book is still there, never removed as space grew limited.(对我来说，一本纸做的书永远是一件美丽的东西，它温暖了一个房间，即使它扩展了（或娱乐，或挑战，或告知，或安慰）一个心灵，书柜永远代表着时间本身。当我走过我们的一个书柜时，我可以确切地告诉你为什么某本书还在那里，因为空间变得有限而从未移走)”可知，纸书可以温暖房间是因为它们拥有情感记忆。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our books ensure that I am still surrounded by all the selves I have ever been, and all the selves my husband has been. I prefer the messy shelves, the folded pages, the notes written in a familiar hand.(我们的书确保我仍然被我曾经的自己和我丈夫曾经的自己所包围。我更喜欢凌乱的书架，折叠的书页，用熟悉的笔迹写的笔记)”以及本文讲述了作者对纸质书的深厚情感与偏爱。作者丈夫退休后，家中书籍堆积如山，但这并未让作者感到困扰，反而让她倍感亲切，书架上的书籍见证了作者和丈夫的历程，是时间的见证者，因此，作者坚称纸质书在她心中有着不可替代的地位，可知，B选项“我的书架和我自己”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （2025·安徽池州·二模）Imagine obtaining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services with just a click on your smartphone. The tiring hospital trip — often causing long waits and many troubles, especially for the old — can now be done easily online. The new program is transforming TCM medical services. Users can now receive a detailed health report in under 2 minutes simply after shooting a quick photo of their tongue. Developers explain this breakthrough combines traditional TCM tongue examination methods with modern AI image analysis technology. Within half a year, the program has served over 30,000 users, with 94% reporting satisfactory outcomes. The application of AI in TCM holds significant promise for areas with limited medical resources. In distant regions where access to experienced doctors is rare, AI-assisted tools could improve healthcare quality with their medical abilities. While AI offers great potential for TCM, accurate diagnosis (诊断) still relies heavily on the doctors' professional judgment. Although AI has made progress in TCM, more work is needed due to the lack of standard rules. TCM’s diverse schools and approaches, developed over thousands of years, often lead to different treatment plans for the same illness, making it difficult for AI to learn effectively. Additionally, while computers have been used in TCM since the 1980s, early systems were too simple to handle complex patient conditions with unpredictable symptoms (症状). To address these issues, China is working on standardizing TCM by establishing 180 national and 30 international standards by 2026, while researchers are developing better TCM-AI tools. In conclusion, the integration (融合) of AI into TCM will greatly improve healthcare by making TCM more accessible and efficient. However, as the journey is only beginning, much work remains. With joint efforts from researchers and practitioners, there is every reason to believe that TCM is expected to not only enhance the quality of healthcare but also extend its benefits to communities far and wide. 1. What should users do to experience the program’s service? A. Hand in a health report. B. Examine their whole body. C. Make changes to their diet. D. Take a photo of their tongue. 2. Which of the following is the program’s advantage? A. Health care for the elderly. B. AI’s assistance in diagnosis. C. Full replacement of doctors. D. Accurate judgment of illnesses. 3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Challenges in the combination. B. Achievements of the program. C. Technologies behind the program. D. Various schools and ideas of TCM. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the program? A. Unclear. B. Disapproving. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI与中医结合的项目及其发展情况与前景。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Users can now receive a detailed health report in under 2 minutes simply after shooting a quick photo of their tongue.(现在，用户只需快速拍一张舌头的照片，不到两分钟就能收到一份详细的健康报告)” 可知，用户体验该项目服务只需拍一张舌头的照片。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Developers explain this breakthrough combines traditional TCM tongue examination methods with modern AI image analysis technology.(开发人员解释说，这一突破将传统中医舌诊方法与现代人工智能图像分析技术相结合)”及第三段“The application of AI in TCM holds significant promise for areas with limited medical resources.(人工智能在中医中的应用为医疗资源有限的地区带来了巨大的希望)”可知，该项目的优势是AI在诊断方面的辅助作用。故选B。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Although AI has made progress in TCM, more work is needed due to the lack of standard rules. TCM’s diverse schools and approaches, developed over thousands of years, often lead to different treatment plans for the same illness, making it difficult for AI to learn effectively. Additionally, while computers have been used in TCM since the 1980s, early systems were too simple to handle complex patient conditions with unpredictable symptoms. To address these issues, China is working on standardizing TCM by establishing 180 national and 30 international standards by 2026, while researchers are developing better TCM-AI tools.(尽管人工智能在中医领域取得了进展，但由于缺乏标准规则，仍有更多工作要做。几千年来发展起来的中医流派和方法多种多样，往往导致对同一种疾病有不同的治疗方案，这使得人工智能难以有效地学习。此外，虽然自20世纪80年代以来计算机就已在中医中得到应用，但早期的系统过于简单，无法处理症状不可预测的复杂患者病情。为了解决这些问题，中国正在努力实现中医标准化，到2026年将建立180项国家标准和30项国际标准，同时研究人员正在开发更好的中医-人工智能工具)”可知，本段主要讲述了AI在中医中应用面临的问题，如缺乏标准规则、中医流派多样导致AI学习困难以及早期系统难以处理复杂病情等，即AI与中医结合面临的挑战。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, the integration of AI into TCM will greatly improve healthcare by making TCM more accessible and efficient. However, as the journey is only beginning, much work remains. With joint efforts from researchers and practitioners, there is every reason to believe that TCM is expected to not only enhance the quality of healthcare but also extend its benefits to communities far and wide.(总之，人工智能与中医的融合将通过使中医更容易获得和更高效，极大地改善医疗保健。然而，由于这一进程才刚刚开始，还有很多工作要做。通过研究人员和从业者的共同努力，我们完全有理由相信，中医不仅有望提高医疗保健的质量，还能将其益处扩展到更广泛的社区)”可知，作者认为AI与中医的融合将极大地改善医疗保健，相信中医不仅能提高医疗质量，还能惠及更广泛的群体。由此推知，作者对该项目持积极态度。故选D。 （2025·四川攀枝花·二模）Cycling advocates in Canada’s Province of British Columbia (B. C. ) hope a new U.S. study will boost the case to allow cyclists to yield, which means to slow down and pass without stopping fully, at stop signs and safely roll through intersections (道路交叉口). While it’s the law like B. C. for cyclists to stop at stop signs, like every other road user, it’s common to see people on two wheels choose an illegal yield — rolling past the sign after checking it’s safe to pass through. “It makes it a lot more efficient,” said Vancouver cyclist Ben Cooper about getting through intersections. “I’m not going to come to a full stop. You know, the amount of energy it takes to stop my entire bike and get it going again — it just doesn’t make sense.” The argument over whether rolling stops — that is, no need to stop completely, but pass slowly — should be legalized has been ongoing since the early 1980s when the state of Idaho first made it legal, resulting in the move being named the Idaho stop. Several other U.S. states have since followed suit, including Oregon. Canada hasn’t yet adopted laws for rolling stops for bikes. Cycling advocates in B. C. say they’ve been pushing the issue for years and hope a new study from researchers at Oregon State University, published this month in an academic transportation journal, will aid their argument. The Oregon study says with proper education for both cyclists and drivers, Idaho stops do not lead either riders or drivers to act unsafely. Researchers observed 60 people paired off who went through 16 virtual interaction scenes as either cyclist or driver, coming together at a four-way-stop intersection. They found that instead of drivers being angry toward cyclists who appeared to be breaking the law by rolling through, driving participants approached intersections either more slowly or at a similar pace after being educated about what bicycle rolling stops were. Nearly four out of five crashes involving cyclists in B. C. happen at intersections. “This research gives decision-makers information to support prospective legal policies, set up educational programs and design strong enforcement (执行) practices,” said Hurwitz, one of the researchers. 1. What is Ben Cooper’s opinion about cyclists’ yielding at stop signs? A. It’s more effective. B. It’s against the law. C. It’s a waste of time. D. It’s dangerous for cyclists. 2. What is the result of the study at Oregon State University? A. Rolling stops always cause more accidents. B. Suitable education ensures safe “Idaho stops”. C. Study shows rolling stops should be banned. D. Drivers are mad at cyclists yielding at intersections. 3. What is the attitude of Hurwitz towards legalization of yield? A. Doubtful. B. Uncaring. C. Disproving. D. Supportive. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Citizens Call for a Ban on Rolling Stops B. Bicycle Safety Tips on Rolling Stops C. Cyclists Push for “Idaho Stop” Law D. Policy Makers Focus on Cyclist-Driver Crashes 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（B.C.）的骑行倡导者希望美国的一项新研究能支持允许骑行者在停车标志前“让行”（即减速通过而无需完全停止）的提议。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段““It makes it a lot more efficient,” said Vancouver cyclist Ben Cooper about getting through intersections. “I’m not going to come to a full stop. You know, the amount of energy it takes to stop my entire bike and get it going again—it just doesn’t make sense.”(‘大大提高了效率。’温哥华的自行车手Ben Cooper在谈到通过十字路口时表示：‘我不会停下来的。你知道，让我的整个自行车停下来并重新启动所需要的能量——这太不合理了。’)”可知，Ben Cooper对骑车人在停车标志前减速让行（即不完全停下）的看法是这样更有效，因为停车在启动自行车需要消耗大量能量。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Oregon study says with proper education for both cyclists and drivers, Idaho stops do not lead either riders or drivers to act unsafely.(该研究指出，只要对骑行者和驾驶员进行适当教育，‘爱达荷式停车法’不会导致双方危险行为。)”可知，俄勒冈州立大学的研究结果是适当的教育确保安全的“爱达荷式停车法”。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This research gives decision-makers information to support prospective legal policies, set up educational programs and design strong enforcement (执行) practices(这项研究为决策者提供了支持未来法律政策、设立教育项目以及制定有力执行措施的信息)”可知，Hurwitz对让行（不完全停下）合法化的态度是支持的，故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Cycling advocates in Canada’s Province of British Columbia (B.C.) hope a new U.S. study will boost the case to allow cyclists to yield, which means to slow down and pass without stopping fully, at stop signs and safely roll through intersections (道路交叉口).(加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（B.C.）的自行车倡导者希望，美国一项新研究能强化允许骑行者在确保安全的前提下，以减速通行（即不完全停车但通过路口）替代完全停车的法规依据。)”可知，本文主要讲的是加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（B.C.）的骑行倡导者希望美国的一项新研究能支持允许骑行者在停车标志前减速“让行”（即减速通过而无需完全停止）的提议，C选项“B. C. Cyclists Push for “Idaho Stop” Law(B.C.骑行者推动“爱达荷停车”合法化)”最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 （2025·河北·一模）While Ozempic causes “significant lean mass loss”, it burns calories with no apparent side effects. Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle. The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting (呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines — co-author on the study — told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.” So how does it work? The research claims NK2R affects the body in two main ways: firstly, by targeting your brain and reducing appetite. Secondly, the drug increases calorie burning in the muscles and body fat. NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. Scientists say activating NK2R through the drug can influence blood sugar and body weight. When the research team administered the drug to overweight mice, it resulted in weight loss and a decrease in food intake. But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC. Researchers aim to begin clinical trials of NK2R on humans within the next two years. 1. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. NK2R will take the place of Ozempic. B. Ozempic usually leads patients to vomit. C. NK2R may be popular among customers. D. NK2R causes no muscle loss compared to Ozempic. 2. How does the author explain how NK2R functions? A. By quoting authorities. B. By listing numbers. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving examples. 3. What is Dr. Adam Collins’s attitude towards NK2R? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent. 4. Why does the author write the text? A. To advertise for NK2R. B. To introduce a new diet pill. C. To stress the importance of health. D. To inform readers of NK2R’s function. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型减肥药物NK2R的作用机制及其与现有药物Ozempic的对比，并提到了科学家和专家对该药物的看法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment. “Many slimming pills can cause an unpleasant vomiting(呕吐) response. However, our drug had no such side effect,” Zach Gerhart-Hines—co-author on the study—told BBC. “Compared to Ozempic, it causes little muscle loss.”.(参与这项研究的47位科学家希望这种被称为NK2R的新药最终能成为那些在其他减肥治疗中没有成功的人的一种选择。“许多减肥药会引起不愉快的呕吐反应。然而，我们的药物没有这样的副作用”该研究的合著者扎克·格哈特-海恩斯告诉BBC。“与Ozempic相比，它几乎不会造成肌肉损失。”)”可知，NK2R没有呕吐之类的副作用且几乎不会造成肌肉损失，由此推知，它可能会受到消费者的欢迎。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“NK2R, the scientists say, acts on a different neural circuit in the brain than Ozempic. Ozempic boosts calorie burning by mimicking (模仿) a hormone called GLP-1, which reduces hunger and appetite, while NK2R drug works differently. It targets a molecule (分子) found naturally in the body’s cells, known also as NK2R. (科学家们说，NK2R作用于大脑中与Ozempic不同的神经回路。Ozempic通过模仿一种叫做GLP-1的激素来促进卡路里燃烧，这种激素可以减少饥饿感和食欲，而NK2R药物的作用不同。它的目标是一种天然存在于人体细胞中的分子，也被称为NK2R)”可知，作者通过对比NK2R和Ozempic的作用机制来解释NK2R的功能。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But some health experts have reservations about the impact this treatment will have on humans. “The study is currently a theory based on animals. Will it work in practice?” Dr. Adam Collins — Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey — explained to BBC.(但一些健康专家对该治疗对人类的影响持保留态度。“目前的研究是基于动物的理论。它在实践中会有效吗？”萨里大学营养学副教授Adam Collins博士向BBC解释道)”可知，Dr. Adam Collins对NK2R持怀疑态度。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists claim they have discovered a new drug that promotes weight loss similar to Ozempic, but without much loss of muscle.(科学家声称，他们发现了一种类似于Ozempic的新药，可以促进减肥，但不会减少太多肌肉)”以及第二段“The 47 scientists behind the study hope the new drug candidate, which is referred to as NK2R, could eventually become an option for people who haven’t had success with other weight loss treatment.(参与这项研究的47位科学家希望这种被称为NK2R的新药最终能成为那些在其他减肥治疗中没有成功的人的一种选择)”可知，主要介绍了一种新型减肥药物NK2R的作用机制及其与现有药物Ozempic的对比。所以短文的目的是介绍一种新的减肥药。故选B。 （2025·云南·模拟预测）When you listen to music, it’s not just your ears that are engaged. The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. The hippocampus (海马体), essential for memories, works closely with the amygdala (杏仁体), the brain’s emotional center. This explains why some songs are both memorable and emotional. Given music’s ability to evoke emotions and trigger memories, we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories, through the process of memory reactivation. To test this, we conducted a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memorized neutral stories. The next day, they recalled the stories while listening to positive, negative music, or in silence, with fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) scans recording their brain activity. On the final day, they recalled the stories without music. The results were remarkable. When recalling neutral stories, participants listening to emotionally charged music were more likely to add new emotional elements into the story that matched the mood of the music. The brain scans from the experiment were even more interesting. When participants recalled stories with music, there was increased activity in the hippocampus and amygdala. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful — it activates both emotion-and memory-processing regions at the same time. We also observed strong communication between these emotional memory processing areas of the brain and the areas involved in visual sensory processing. This suggests that music might add emotional details into memories while participants are visually imagining the stories. Our findings indicate that music serves as an emotional lure (诱饵), becoming intertwined with memories and subtly altering their emotional tone. For people dealing with conditions such as depression or PTSD (创伤后应激障碍), where negative memories can be overwhelming, carefully chosen music might help reconstruct those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time. It also paves new paths for exploring music-based interventions in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions. 1. What is the purpose of the experiment? A. To illustrate an argument. B. To draw a comparison. C. To clarify a misconception. D. To confirm an assumption. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Music-aided memories are richer. B. Music makes life more powerful. C. Brain areas work independently. D. Music has little impact on brain. 3. What’s the author’s attitude toward the potential of music in mental health treatment? A. Skeptical. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Negative. 4. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Music Can Alter the Emotional Tone of Memory B. Music Can Separate Emotions from Memory C. Music Can Promote Brain Activity D. Music Can Help Improve Memory 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述一项关于音乐对记忆影响的实验，主要探讨音乐与人类大脑记忆和情感之间的关系，向读者解释了音乐如何改变现有记忆的情感内容。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories, through the process of memory reactivation.(我们认为它可以通过重新激活记忆的过程来改变现有记忆的情感内容)”以及第二段“To test this, we conducted a three-day experiment.(为了验证这一点，我们进行了为期三天的实验)”可知，进行这个实验是为了验证“音乐可能通过再激活来改变现有记忆的情感内容”这一假设，故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“When participants recalled stories with music, there was increased activity in the hippocampus and amygdala. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful — it activates both emotion-and memory-processing regions at the same time. We also observed strong communication between these emotional memory processing areas of the brain and the areas involved in visual sensory processing. This suggests that music might add emotional details into memories while participants are visually imagining the stories.(当参与者用音乐回忆故事时，海马体和杏仁核的活动增加。这就是为什么一首与重大生活事件相关的歌曲会让人感觉如此强大——它同时激活了情感和记忆处理区域。我们还观察到，在大脑的这些情绪记忆处理区域和视觉感觉处理区域之间有很强的沟通。这表明，当参与者在视觉上想象故事时，音乐可能会增加记忆中的情感细节)”可知，音乐能激活海马体和杏仁体等区域，还可能在参与者视觉想象故事时为记忆注入情感细节，说明有音乐辅助的记忆更丰富，故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It also paves new paths for exploring music-based interventions in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions.(它还为探索以音乐为基础的干预措施治疗抑郁症和其他精神健康状况铺平了新的道路)”可知，作者认为精心挑选的音乐对治疗抑郁症和其他心理健康问题开辟了新道路，所以作者的态度是积极的，故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。本文主要围绕音乐对记忆的情感基调的影响展开。开篇“we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories, through the process of memory reactivation.(我们认为它可以通过重新激活记忆的过程来改变现有记忆的情感内容)”提出假设，接着通过实验，发现参与者在听着有情感倾向的音乐回忆中性故事时，更有可能给故事添加与音乐情绪相符的情感元素。且大脑扫描的结果进一步表明了音乐能融入情感细节，改变记忆的情感基调，A项“音乐可以改变记忆的情感基调”最适合作为本文标题，故选A项。 （2025·山东·一模）At 19, Mahmood Akram has made a remarkable achievement. He can read, write, and type in 400 languages and speak 46 fluently. This incredible ability showcases his deeprooted passion for languages. Akram’s language learning journey started at the age of four, under the guidance of his father who is proficient in 16 languages. Akram mastered the English alphabet (字母表) in just six days and the 299 alphabets of Tamil in three weeks. By the time he was six, he had already surpassed his father’s language knowledge and was eager to explore more languages independently. At eight, he became the youngest multilingual (多语言的) typist, setting his first world record. At ten, he wrote the Indian national anthem in 20 languages within an hour, achieving his second world record. By 12, he could handle 400 languages and won a German award in a competition against 70 linguistic experts. However, Akram’s passion for languages brought challenges to his traditional education. After fifth-grade, he couldn’t find a language-focused school in India, so he studied online. Later, he received a scholarship to study in Austria. Currently, he is pursuing multiple degrees in English literature, and animation. For Akram, his achievements are part of a bigger goal. He has found that many people believe English is enough for global communication and he wants to change that and encourage people to learn more languages. Starting to teach at the Akram Global Languages Institute founded by his father at 14, he now conducts language workshops abroad in countries like Thailand, and Indonesia. He believes that learning languages can build connections between people and dreams of translating Tamil literary masterpieces. From a curious four-year-old learning alphabets in Chennai to a world record-holding polyglot, Mahmood Akram’s journey is a powerful reminder of the impact of passion and perseverance. He hopes to inspire others to value linguistic diversity. “I want to be a language professor and a role model for others. Knowing a language is a powerful way to make people feel at home, appreciating linguistic diversity and embracing their cultural identities.” 1. What role did Akram’s father play in his language learning journey? A. Teach him to speak fluently. B. Help him set a world record. C. Send him to a language school. D. Equip him with learning methods. 2. How was Akram challenged in elementary education? A. He had a lack of resources. B. He had to drop out of school. C. He was rejected for scholarship. D. He pursued several degrees at a time. 3. What might be Akram’s attitude towards Tamil masterpieces? A. Admiring. B. Dismissive. C. Critical. D. Thrilled. 4. What can be inferred from Akram’s words? A. Learning a language requires talent. B. Inspiration serves as a motivation for life. C. Language enhances a sense of belonging. D. Passion can transform into a profession. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。马哈茂德·阿克拉姆是一个保持世界纪录的通晓多种语言的人，他在语言学习方面满怀激情，取得了令人瞩目的成就。文章讲述了他的语言学习经历和卓越的理念。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Akram’s language learning journey started at the age of four, under the guidance of his father who is proficient in 16 languages.(阿克拉姆的语言学习之旅始于4岁，在精通16种语言的父亲的指导下。)”可知，阿克拉姆的父亲在他的语言学习过程中教会了他学习方法。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“However, Akram’s passion for languages brought challenges to his traditional education. After fifth-grade, he couldn’t find a language-focused school in India, so he studied online.(然而，阿克拉姆对语言的热情给他的传统教育带来了挑战。五年级后，他在印度找不到语言学校，所以他在网上学习。)”可知，阿克拉姆在小学时期遇到的挑战是缺乏语言学习资源。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“He believes that learning languages can build connections between people and dreams of translating Tamil literary masterpieces.(他认为学习语言可以建立人与人之间的联系，并梦想翻译泰米尔文学名著。)”可知，阿克拉姆对翻译泰米尔文学名著满怀激情，对泰米尔文学名著非常钦佩。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Knowing a language is a powerful way to make people feel at home, appreciating linguistic diversity and embracing their cultural identities.(了解一门语言是让人们感到宾至如归、欣赏语言多样性和拥抱他们的文化认同的有力方式。)”可知，阿克拉姆认为语言能够增强归属感。故选C。 （2025·云南玉溪·模拟预测）If you have any broken items or clothes full of holes lying around in your home, bring them to the repair cafe. The Repair Cafe, located within Sulzer Regional Library in Chicago, operates for two hours on the second Saturday of each month, providing a certain time and place for nearby residents to seek assistance with repairing their precious belongings. From rewiring toys to resewing stuffed animals and clothes, the Repair Cafe’s volunteers skilfully tackle various challenges. The Repair Cafe operates on a nonprofit model, offering its services for free. Furthermore, participants are invited to make voluntary donations, which are then used to purchase specific tools needed for repairs or organize team-building activities for the volunteers. The concept of the Repair Cafe originated in Amsterdam and was put forward by Martine Postma, a former journalist, in 2009 while writing about waste reduction and prevention. She recognized the lack of repair culture in daily life contributed significantly to the increasing waste problem. Postma established the first Repair Cafe in her neighborhood as a testing ground. The response was overwhelmingly positive, encouraging others to express interest in adopting the model in their communities. Postma initially worried about finding enough volunteers with the necessary skills, but she discovered that interested individuals with repair expertise (专长) were eager to get involved once the idea became known. Word of mouth played a significant role in attracting talented repairers to the cause. Looking toward the future, Postma said she hopes that as repair culture is revitalized (复兴), professional repairers will regain their importance, making a living from their skills. She imagines Repair Cafes in every community, creating a global movement to reduce waste and preserve resources. 1. What can we know about the Repair Cafe? A. It is a community-driven initiative. B. It recycles second-hand items. C. It operates as a commercial business. D. It focuses on fixing everyday objects. 2. Why was the idea of the Repair Cafe proposed? A. To set an example for others. B. To deal with resource shortage. C. To strengthen community ties. D. To reduce waste of resources. 3. What is skilled repairers’ attitude toward Postma’s idea? A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Reserved. 4. What might Postma do next? A. Launch more meaningful movements. B. Make repairers a popular career choice. C. Promote the repair culture worldwide. D. Ensure good community development. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了“维修咖啡馆”，包括其起源和发展。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you have any broken items or clothes full of holes lying around in your home, bring them to the repair cafe.(如果你家里有任何破损的物品或满是洞的衣服，把它们带到修理咖啡馆)”和“From rewiring toys to resewing stuffed animals and clothes, the Repair Cafe’s volunteers skilfully tackle various challenges.(从重新组装玩具到重新缝制毛绒动物和衣服，‘维修咖啡馆’的志愿者们熟练地应对各种挑战)”可知，“维修咖啡馆”主要修理日常物品，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The concept of the Repair Cafe originated in Amsterdam and was put forward by Martine Postma, a former journalist, in 2009 while writing about waste reduction and prevention.(‘维修咖啡馆’的概念起源于阿姆斯特丹，由前记者Martine Postma于2009年在撰写有关减少和预防废物的文章时提出)”可知，提出“维修咖啡馆”的想法是为了减少浪费，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Postma initially worried about finding enough volunteers with the necessary skills, but she discovered that interested individuals with repair expertise (专长) were eager to get involved once the idea became known.(一开始，Postma担心找不到足够的具备必要技能的志愿者，但她发现，一旦这个想法被知道，有兴趣的、有维修专业知识的人都渴望参与进来)”可知，专业的维修人员渴望参与进来，推知他们对Postma的想法持支持态度，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking toward the future, Postma said she hopes that as repair culture is revitalized (复兴), professional repairers will regain their importance, making a living from their skills. She imagines Repair Cafes in every community, creating a global movement to reduce waste and preserve resources.(展望未来，Postma说，她希望随着维修文化的复兴，专业维修人员将重获重视，依靠他们的技能谋生。她设想在每个社区都开设‘维修咖啡馆’，发起一场减少浪费和保护资源的全球运动)”可知，Postma接下来可能在全球推广维修文化，故选C。 （2025·广东佛山·二模）Suzanne Donohoe, a top manager, started the month with a 10-day business trip through Asia. Back in New York, her husband, Matt Donohoe, was helping their three teenagers begin a new school year. That was no simple task. Though the children are close in age, each goes to a different school and has different after-school activities. Matt drove their 13-year-old to hockey practices and took all three children for a tournament. In between, there were groceries to buy, meals to prepare and homework to assist with. It was all in a day’s work for Matt, who quit his job to help out at home. He is part of a quiet but growing group of men who manage responsibilities at home while their wives climb to top positions in finance. According to a 2023 report, Dads represented 18% of stay-at-home parents in 2021, up from 11% in 1989. Wall Street has long struggled to promote and keep women. A hotly competitive industry that demands long hours, frequent travel and the need to be on call constantly, it has been an unwelcoming environment for women, particularly those with children. Managing the arrangements is a challenging task. Women leaders in finance say that having a partner who stays home can relieve that burden. The disheartening part of the message is that you can’t achieve if one parent isn’t at home. For the men, being a househusband can come with a negative perception: Society often still assumes men will be the bigger earners and women the main caregivers. Not all men are as comfortable in the position. One stay-at-home dad says he sometimes tells other men that he manages real estate — technically true because the family owns a few buildings. He says he can identify other men in similar roles when they say they “run a small investment fund.” “We’re all out there, but we can’t say anything about it,” he says. Paul Sullivan, a stay-at-home dad, has been trying to change that. He founded a group called the Company of Dads, but he found no support groups for men in his position. He reached out for advice. Some said people sometimes made fun of the househusbands, calling them names like “Mr. Mom.” “Two things can be true at once,” Sullivan says. “Moms can be discriminated against in the workplace, and dads can be afraid to take a lead role at home.” 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. Mothers’ greater contribution to the family. B. Children’s pressure from after-school activities. C. Fathers’ more involvement in household duties. D. Fathers’ poor performance in time management. 2. What is the writing purpose of paragraph 3? A. To oppose the competitive nature of Wall Street. B. To describe challenges women face in their careers. C. To suggest men should stay at home to support women. D. To show how househusbands help their wives succeed. 3. What can be inferred about the stay-at-home dads from paragraph 4&5? A. They are widely accepted as main caregivers. B. They are proud of being stay-at-home parents. C. They try to play down their caregiving roles. D. They struggle to balance work and family. 4. What is people’s attitude to Sullivan’s initiative? A. Appreciative. B. Ambiguous. C. Tolerant. D. Disapproving. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了男性作为家庭主夫的现象及其面临的挑战。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Suzanne Donohoe, a top manager, started the month with a 10-day business trip through Asia. Back in New York, her husband, Matt Donohoe, was helping their three teenagers begin a new school year. That was no simple task. Though the children are close in age, each goes to a different school and has different after-school activities. Matt drove their 13-year-old to hockey practices and took all three children for a tournament. In between, there were groceries to buy, meals to prepare and homework to assist with. (高级管理人员苏珊娜·多诺霍本月以一次为期10天的亚洲商务旅行开始。回到纽约后，她的丈夫马特·多诺霍正忙着帮助他们的三个孩子迎接新学期的到来。这可不是件容易的事。虽然孩子们年龄相仿，但他们各自就读于不同的学校，参加不同的课后活动。马特开车送13岁的孩子去练习曲棍球，还带着三个孩子去参加比赛。在这期间，他还得负责购买杂货、准备饭菜以及辅导孩子们做作业)”可知，第一段描述了一种现象，即父亲更多地参与家务。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Wall Street has long struggled to promote and keep women. A hotly competitive industry that demands long hours, frequent travel and the need to be on call constantly, it has been an unwelcoming environment for women, particularly those with children. Managing the arrangements is a challenging task. Women leaders in finance say that having a partner who stays home can relieve that burden. The disheartening part of the message is that you can’t achieve if one parent isn’t at home. (华尔街长期以来在女性员工的晋升和留任方面一直存在困难。这是一个竞争激烈、要求长时间工作、频繁出差且随时待命的行业，对女性，尤其是育有子女的女性来说，并不是一个友好的工作环境。处理这些安排是一项艰巨的任务。金融领域的女性领导者表示，如果有一方留在家里，可以减轻她们的负担。但令人沮丧的是，如果父母中有一方不在家，她们就难以实现职业上的成功)”可知，第三段的目的主要是描述女性在职业生涯中面临的挑战。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“For the men, being a househusband can come with a negative perception:Society often still assumes men will be the bigger earners and women the main caregivers. Not all men are as comfortable in the position. One stay-at-home dad says he sometimes tells other men that he manages real estate — technically true because the family owns a few buildings. He says he can identify other men in similar roles when they say they “run a small investment fund.” (对于男性来说，做家庭主夫可能会带来负面的看法：社会往往仍然认为男性应该是家庭的主要经济支柱，而女性则是主要的照顾者。并不是所有男性都能坦然接受这种角色。一位全职父亲说，他有时会告诉其他男性，他管理房地产——从技术上讲这是真的，因为家里拥有几栋楼。他说，当其他处于类似角色的男性说他们“经营着一个小型投资基金”时，他能认出他们)”和第五段““We’re all out there, but we can’t say anything about it,” he says. (“我们都在这里，但我们什么都不能说，”他说。)”可知，对于男性来说，成为家庭主夫可能会带来负面的看法，不是所有男性都对这个位置感到自在，有些男性甚至会掩饰自己的照顾者角色。因此，可以推断出留在家中的父亲们试图淡化他们的照顾者角色。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Paul Sullivan, a stay-at-home dad, has been trying to change that. He founded a group called the Company of Dads, but he found no support groups for men in his position. He reached out for advice. Some said people sometimes made fun of the househusbands, calling them names like “Mr. Mom.” (保罗·沙利文也是一位全职父亲，他一直在努力改变这种现状。他创立了一个名为“父亲陪伴”的团体，但他发现没有支持他这种处境男性的团体。他寻求建议。有人说，人们有时会嘲笑家庭主夫，给他们起诸如“妈妈先生”之类的绰号)”可知，Sullivan试图改变人们对家庭主夫的看法，但他发现没有支持他这种立场的男性团体。他寻求建议时，有些人有时会嘲笑家庭主夫，给他们起“妈妈先生”之类的绰号。这表明人们对Sullivan的倡议持反对的态度。故选D。 （2025·广东江门·一模）Sometimes, what my seven-year-old tabby cat Ophelia wants is obvious. Crying in front of her empty food bowl at dinner time clearly indicates she’s at risk of starvation. Other times, though, her meows are a complete and total mystery. That’s where Sergei Dreizin and Mark Boyes, computer scientists at Akvelon, a software engineering company based in Bellevue, Washington, say they can help. They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app, which aims to “give cat owners the best tools available” for interpreting their pet’s needs. When Boyes and Dreizin were looking for data to inform their new app, they came across 2019 research that revealed cat meows contain certain shared characteristics. The study authors then built a computer program to analyze audio recordings of 21 adult cats meowing. The MeowTalk founders used these audio recordings of tens of thousands of meows to develop their computer models, which is fueled by artificial intelligence. And it worked. 2021 study found MeowTalk can classify nine feline (猫科的) phrases with 90 percent accuracy. The free app records your feline’s meows and translates them into a small range of phrases, such as “I’m annoyed.” and “Feed me!” Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations, which further improves the computer model. Launched in November 2020, the app has been downloaded over 20 million times, and Dreizin estimates that the program has analyzed over a billion meows to date. “We’re the largest depositors of meows in this galaxy,” he quips. The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet, which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need; for instance, a cat can learn to press a button that says the word “play”. Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy, but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal. “If people play with the app, maybe they will become more attentive to their cats,” says de Mouzon, of Paris Nanterre University. 1. How can computer scientists at Akvelon help cat owners? A. By making cats’ needs fulfilled. B. By getting cats rid of starvation. C. By filling the empty food bowls. D. By solving the mysteries of cats’ meows. 2. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. Users think the app very helpful. B. Users can help to promote the app. C. Dreizin thinks the app is the most accurate. D. The program has analyzed billions of meows. 3. What’s Charlotte’s attitude to this kind of apps? A. Doubtful. B. Conservative. C. Positive. D. Negative. 4. What is the purpose of the the text? A. To comment on two apps. B. To compare two similar apps. C. To introduce the new technology. D. To recommend an app to cats’ owners. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以解读猫的语言，了解猫的需求，帮助猫的主人与其交流的新的应用程序，并提到了另一个相似技术的训练宠物与人类交流的程序，旨在让人们了解这种新的技术。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They are the brains behind the MeowTalk app, which aims to “give cat owners the best tools available” for interpreting their pet’s needs.(他们是MeowTalk应用程序的幕后推手，该应用程序旨在“为猫主人提供最好的工具”，帮助他们理解宠物的需求。)”可知，Akvelon的计算机科学家们是通过帮助猫主人了解猫的需求，解开猫叫的奥秘来帮助猫主人的。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Users can rate the accuracy of MeowTalk’s translations, which further improves the computer model.(用户可以评价MeowTalk翻译的准确性，这进一步改进了计算机模型。)”可知，用户的反馈可以帮助改进和提升这款应用程序。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cat behaviorist and communication expert Charlotte de Mouzon isn’t convinced of these products’ accuracy, but strengthening your relationship with your cat is always a wise goal.(猫的行为学家和交流专家Charlotte de Mouzon不相信这些产品的准确性，但加强你和你的猫的关系总是一个明智的目标。)”可知，Charlotte虽然认为应该加强猫主人和猫之间的关系，但他不相信这种应用程序，对此持怀疑态度。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第六段“The app is part of an expanding suite of technologies designed to help us communicate with our furry friends. Another is FluentPet, which trains your pet to press buttons to communicate a need;(这款应用是一套不断扩展的技术的一部分，旨在帮助我们与毛茸茸的朋友交流。另一个是FluentPet，它训练你的宠物按下按钮来表达需求；)”和文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一款能够帮助人类了解宠物需要的应用程序，以及另一个相似技术的应用程序，旨在让人们了解这种新的技术。故选C。 （24-25高二上·浙江丽水·期末）You won’t find tigers jumping through fiery hoops in the wild or bears riding bicycles. Wild elephants don’t walk around on two legs and wild sea lions don’t balance balls on their noses for fun. These are the kinds of animal acts you may have seen at the circus. However, the wild animals in circuses are extremely stressed by circus conditions. The loud noise of the music, the cheers of the crowd and the dizzying lights all disorientate (失去方向) and cause stress to wild animals. Over long periods, this can result in abnormal behaviors and health problems related to anxiety. While it is possible that domesticated dogs could enjoy the stimulation of certain types of circus training and performance, for wild species such as tigers, bears and monkeys, performing on stage can get them deeply hurt. The movements and poses are completely unnatural and can cause physical injury and stress. When circus animals don’t perform the trick right, they are often beaten as punishment. The living conditions at circuses consistently fail to meet the animals’ most basic needs. When the show stops, the animals typically return to isolation in small, barren cages which give them no opportunity to carry out behaviors natural to their species, or to interact with their own kind. While not performing, the animals have nothing to do but stare at the walls. Many are limited to living in dark places with no daylight, no sunlight, and no exposure to the outside for stimulation. They live mind-numbing, boring, completely unnatural lives. Traveling circus animals can spend up to 11 months of the year on the road. They are limited inside very small stalls or cages, traveling for thousands of hours, over very long distances. It’s disturbing, unnatural, frightening and stressful for them. Nearly all circus animals are chained up and immobilized while traveling. Traveling poses many physical risks to them, including accidents, injuries, heart stroke and overheating, unusual cold and freezing temperatures that can make them sick, loud noise and general discomfort. 1. Why are animals in circuses unhealthy both mentally and physically? A. Because of their abnormal behavior. B. Because of their performances on stage. C. Because of their punishment from trainers. D. Because of their unnatural living conditions. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The animals’ basic needs when a show stops. B. The animals’ living state when they do not perform. C. The animals’ mental state when they are travelling. D. The animals’ daily interactions when they are caged. 3. What does the underlined word “immobilized” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Fixed in a place. B. Delivered to a place. C. Trained by someone. D. Followed by someone. 4. What’s the author’s attitude towards those animals in circuses? A. Indifferent. B. Annoyed. C. Sympathetic. D. Opposed. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了马戏团动物在表演和生活中的不健康状态，以及它们所面临的种种问题。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, the wild animals in circuses are extremely stressed by circus conditions. The loud noise of the music, the cheers of the crowd and the dizzying lights all disorientate (失去方向) and cause stress to wild animals. Over long periods, this can result in abnormal behaviors and health problems related to anxiety. While it is possible that domesticated dogs could enjoy the stimulation of certain types of circus training and performance, for wild species such as tigers, bears and monkeys, performing on stage can get them deeply hurt. The movements and poses are completely unnatural and can cause physical injury and stress. When circus animals don’t perform the trick right, they are often beaten as punishment.(然而，马戏团里的野生动物因为马戏团的条件而极度紧张。音乐的巨大噪音、人群的欢呼声和令人眩晕的灯光都会让野生动物迷失方向并产生压力。长此以往，这会导致异常行为和与焦虑相关的健康问题。虽然家犬可能会喜欢某些类型的马戏团训练和表演的刺激，但对于老虎、熊和猴子等野生物种来说，在舞台上表演可能会让它们受到严重伤害。这些动作和姿势完全不自然，可能导致身体受伤和压力。当马戏团动物表演不当时，它们经常会受到殴打作为惩罚)”和第三段中“The living conditions at circuses consistently fail to meet the animals’ most basic needs.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求)”可知，马戏团的动物因为不自然的生活条件，包括表演时的压力和不当对待，以及非自然的居住环境，导致它们在心理和身体上都不健康。故选D项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The living conditions at circuses consistently fail to meet the animals’ most basic needs. When the show stops, the animals typically return to isolation in small, barren cages which give them no opportunity to carry out behaviors natural to their species, or to interact with their own kind. While not performing, the animals have nothing to do but stare at the walls. Many are limited to living in dark places with no daylight, no sunlight, and no exposure to the outside for stimulation. They live mind-numbing, boring, completely unnatural lives.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求。当表演结束时，动物们通常会被隔离在狭小、贫瘠的笼子里，这使它们没有机会表现出自己物种的自然行为，也无法与同类互动。在不表演的时候，动物们无所事事，只能盯着墙壁看。许多动物只能生活在没有日光、没有阳光、没有外界刺激的黑暗地方。它们过着令人麻木、无聊、完全不自然的生活)”可知，本段主要讲述了动物在不表演时的生活状态，即它们被囚禁在狭小的笼子里，无法展现自然行为，生活极度无聊且不自然。故选B项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Nearly all circus animals are chained up and immobilized while traveling.(几乎所有的马戏团动物在旅行时都被锁链锁住并immobilized)”中“are chained up”可知，马戏团在出行时动物都是被锁链锁住的，由此可知，它们“被固定在一个地方”，故划线词immobilized与Fixed in a place同义。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“However, the wild animals in circuses are extremely stressed by circus conditions.(然而，马戏团里的野生动物因为马戏团的条件而极度紧张)”和第三段“The living conditions at circuses consistently fail to meet the animals’ most basic needs.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求)”可知，作者详细描述了马戏团动物所遭受的不公和痛苦，包括表演时的压力、不当的对待以及非自然的居住环境。由此可推知，作者对马戏团中的动物持同情态度。故选C项。 （2024·广东广州·模拟预测）Situated at 4,700 meters near Mount Everest in Northwest China’s Qinghai province, Yushu houses thousands who harvest caterpillar fungus, a highly valued traditional medicine. Each May and June, numerous pickers brave the tough environment to collect this essential income, often facing a variety of health issues. Before the establishment of the mobile clinics, ill or injured pickers had to endure a one to two day travel downhill for treatment, resulting in lost income and life-threatening delays in emergencies. Recognizing this situation, Yushu City People’s Hospital and local authorities partnered with town-level health centers to create mobile clinics that provide medical services directly at major harvesting sites. This initiative aims to modernize healthcare access for remote, economically vital communities involved in fungus harvesting. This season, over 200 medical professionals from county. township. and village levels formed 26 mobile medical service teams, covering 40 harvesting zones. Each zone has three to five medical personnel offering free medicine and initial treatments. The mobile clinics perform initial screenings and diagnoses, measure blood pressure and test blood sugar levels, ensuring immediate care without long-distance travel. Tashi, a dedicated doctor in these mobile clinics for over a decade, recalls a 2019 incident when an elderly man fainted while digging caterpillar fungus. The mobile clinic team swiftly transported him to a town ambulance, and he fully recovered in the hospital. “These clinics have been lifesavers for many.” Tashi emphasizes. The mobile clinics have created a vital health safety net for Yushu’s herdsmen and pickers. By providing essential medical care in one of the world’s most challenging high-altitude environments, these clinics enhance local well-being and support the sustainability of traditional livelihoods. This annual initiative marks a significant step toward improving healthcare accessibility in remote China, ensuring Yushu’s hardworking communities receive the necessary medical attention. 1. What do we know about the caterpillar fungus pickers in Yushu? A. They are in poor health. B. They work as full-time farmers. C. They mainly live on fungus harvesting. D. They harvest fungus throughout the year. 2. Why are the mobile clinics in Yushu established? A. To provide professional training for local doctors. B. To increase the income of caterpillar fungus pickers. C. To research traditional herbal medicine in remote areas. D. To offer timely medical support to caterpillar fungus pickers. 3. What can be inferred about the mobile clinics? A. They are the result of joint efforts. B. They provide further medical treatment. C. They have cost a lot to operate and maintain. D. They are staffed by experts from large hospitals. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward the mobile clinics? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Appreciative. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述玉树市人民医院和地方当局与镇级卫生中心合作，创建了移动诊所，为虫草采摘者提供及时医疗服务。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Each May and June, numerous pickers brave the tough environment to collect this essential income, often facing a variety of health issues.(每年5月和6月，许多采摘者都会冒着艰难的环境来收集这笔基本收入，他们经常面临各种健康问题)”可知，玉树的虫草采摘者健康状况不佳。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Before the establishment of the mobile clinics, ill or injured pickers had to endure a one to two day travel downhill for treatment, resulting in lost income and life-threatening delays in emergencies.(在流动诊所建立之前，生病或受伤的采摘者不得不忍受一到两天的下坡治疗，导致收入损失和紧急情况下危及生命的延误)”和第三段“Recognizing this situation, Yushu City People’s Hospital and local authorities partnered with town-level health centers to create mobile clinics that provide medical services directly at major harvesting sites. This initiative aims to modernize healthcare access for remote, economically vital communities involved in fungus harvesting.(意识到这种情况，玉树市人民医院和地方当局与镇级卫生中心合作，创建了移动诊所，直接在主要收获地提供医疗服务。该倡议旨在为这些偏远、以采虫草为经济支柱的社区提供现代化医疗保健服务)”可知，玉树设立了流动诊所，为虫草采摘者提供及时的医疗支持。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Recognizing this situation, Yushu City People’s Hospital and local authorities partnered with town-level health centers to create mobile clinics that provide medical services directly at major harvesting sites. (意识到这种情况，玉树市人民医院和地方当局与镇级卫生中心合作，创建了移动诊所，直接在主要收获地提供医疗服务)”以及第四段“This season, over 200 medical professionals from county, township, and village levels formed 26 mobile medical service teams, covering 40 harvesting zones. Each zone has three to five medical personnel offering free medicine and initial treatments. (本季，来自县、乡和村级的200多名医疗专业人员组成了26个流动医疗服务队，覆盖40个收获区。每个区域都有三到五名医务人员提供免费药品和初步治疗)”可知，流动诊所的成立是共同努力的结果。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。由最后一段“The mobile clinics have created a vital health safety net for Yushu’s herdsmen and pickers. By providing essential medical care in one of the world’s most challenging high-altitude environments, these clinics enhance local well-being and support the sustainability of traditional livelihoods. This annual initiative marks a significant step toward improving healthcare accessibility in remote China, ensuring Yushu’s hardworking communities receive the necessary medical attention.(流动诊所为玉树牧民和采摘者创造了一个重要的健康安全网。通过在世界上最具挑战性的高海拔环境之一提供基本医疗服务，这些诊所提高了当地的福祉，并支持了传统生计的可持续性。这一年度倡议标志着中国偏远地区在改善医疗保健可及性方面迈出了重要一步，确保玉树勤劳的社区得到必要的医疗护理)”可知，作者对流动诊所的态度是赞赏的。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism (机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic (巨大而突然的) swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty (新奇的事物). While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The familiarity principle. B. The advertising cost. C. The improved service. D. The law of the market. 2. What can be learned from paragraph 2? A. Our preferences affect our decisions. B. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions. C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword. D. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Tolerant. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone B. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone C. Spare A Thought For Your Preference D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism (机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar choices as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism (机制) that helps us maintain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lies to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable alternatives.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们谎言内部和周围的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将开始从不断加深的有价值的选择中做出决定)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项A“慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围”最能概括文章的主题。故选A。 （2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar’s landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason. Together with their colleagues, the scientists monitored 15 trees to find new baobab seed-distributing animals in a western Madagascar region. They also set up camera traps around seed-containing fruits, and searched any feces (粪便) along the way for the presence of seeds. They report in the journal Biotropica that a native rat was caught on camera handling whole fruits on four occasions. Although there was no record of the rat breaking the fruits open, the team found 13 fruits that had been chewed into and had their seeds removed. Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces. The discovery is not without irony (讽刺). Scientists believe bush pigs were brought to Madagascar by humans sometime between 1,000 and 5,000 years ago, just as the former seed-distributing animals were going extinct. Their arrival was a lucky break for the baobabs, especially as scientists have determined a seed’s journey through the pig-like digestive system doesn’t reduce its ability to grow. While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful. Madagascar’s pigs, for example, though not native, have made themselves essential to the survival of truly native species. Similar relationships are suspected to hold in South America between rabbits native to Europe and plants with no seed distributors. For Dr. Andriantsaralaza, that suggests the full ecological role of introduced species should be considered before talk of extinction begins. 1. What is the study aimed at? A. Monitoring endangered baobab trees. B. Discovering why baobab trees still exist. C. Preserving the landscape of Madagascar. D. Investigating how animals distribute seeds. 2. What led the scientists to identify the real culprit? A. The clear bite marks on the fruits. B. The number of fruits broken open. C. Where the removed baobab seeds lay. D. How a native rat handled whole fruits. 3. What is the writer’s attitude towards introduced species? A. Dismissive. B. Conventional. C. Enthusiastic. D. Fair. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Species Savers: Malagasy Bush Pigs. B. Seed Distributors: Malagasy Baobabs. C. Ecological Role of Seed-containing Fruits. D. Disappearance of Seed-distributing Animals. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家发现马达加斯加丛林猪虽然是入侵物种，但是间接保护了猴面包树，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Malagasy baobab trees, a typical feature of Madagascar’s landscape, should have disappeared long ago due to the extinction of its former seed-distributing animals. However, it did not. Seheno Andriantsaralaza at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar and Onja Razafindratsima at the University of California, Berkeley, now think they may know the reason.(马达加斯加猴面包树是马达加斯加的典型景观，由于以前传播种子的动物灭绝，它早就应该消失了。然而，事实并非如此。马达加斯加塔那那利佛大学的Seheno Andriantsaralaza和加州大学伯克利分校的Onja Razafindratsima现在认为他们可能知道原因)”可知，这项研究的目的是发现猴面包树仍然存在的原因。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Though the bite marks were not clear enough to identify a culprit (肇事者), this was clear evidence that a seed-distributing animal was out there. They then found convincing evidence: baobab seeds in seven different piles of bush-pig faces.(虽然咬痕不够清晰，无法确定是谁干的，但这是一个明确的证据，表明那里有一种传播种子的动物。然后，他们发现了令人信服的证据：在七堆不同的灌木猪脸上发现了猴面包树种子)”可知，取出的猴面包树种子埋在哪里让科学家们确定了真正的罪魁祸首。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the finding is important in its own right, it also provides valuable evidence that introduced species may not be entirely harmful.(虽然这一发现本身很重要，但它也提供了有价值的证据，证明引入的物种可能并不完全有害)”可知，作者认为引进物种合理。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Scientists believe bush pigs were brought to Madagascar by humans sometime between 1,000 and 5,000 years ago, just as the former seed-distributing animals were going extinct. Their arrival was a lucky break for the baobabs, especially as scientists have determined a seed’s journey through the pig-like digestive system doesn’t reduce its ability to grow.(科学家们认为，在1000到5000年前的某个时候，人类将丛林猪带到马达加斯加，当时这种传播种子的动物正濒临灭绝。它们的到来对猴面包树来说是一个幸运的突破，尤其是科学家们已经确定，一颗种子通过猪一样的消化系统并不会降低它的生长能力)”结合文章主要说明了科学家发现马达加斯加丛林猪虽然是入侵物种，但是间接保护了猴面包树，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。可知，A选项“物种保护者：马达加斯加丛林猪”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （2024·浙江温州·二模）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 1. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A. The advertising cost. B. The improved service. C. The familiarity principle. D. The principle of the market. 2. We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A. Our preferences affect our decisions B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B. Spare a Thought for Your Preference C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D. Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险)companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone(慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围)”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。 （2025·河南南阳·二模）Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non-stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back. “When every moment of your life feels like you are being sold something and the price of that item keeps going up, people will burn out on spending money,” said Kara Perez, an influencer and financial educator. Social media has long showcased picture — perfect homes, luxurious closets and various beauty products. But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity. For example, many people on social media proudly display their well-worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers. For a long time, young people in the West have commonly made use of “Buy Now, Pay Later” plans, which have intensified consumption. They have developed a behavior of spending down to their last pound on a fashion item. It is an addiction tied to the pressure “to show who we are through possessions”. However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds. “The social media trend of ‘underconsumption’ is a way for Gen Z to make the most of their money and be environmentally friendly at the same time,” said Ashley Ross, head of Bank of America. Low-consumption brick-and-mortar (实体的) initiatives attract a broader range of people across different profiles and generations. Anjali Zielinski, 42, joined a “Mending 101” workshop in Georgetown, DC, hoping to acquire new skills. She brought her 7-year-old daughter, Mina, along with her. In addition to providing an outlet for Mina’s creativity, she hopes the craft will teach her daughter the “value of our possessions and the work that goes into them.” But some are still doubtful. It remains to be seen whether “underconsumption core” is simply a mood or a lasting movement. “The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC. 1. What is the cause of some Americans’ cutting back on spending? A. The commercial activities. B. Their social media feeds. C. Their material satisfaction. D. The economic downturn. 2. What is the philosophy of “underconsumption core”? A. Spending money as you like. B. Doing more with less. C. Keeping up with the Joneses. D. Buy Now, Pay Later. 3. How does the author tell us the trend’s popularity among people? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By listing numbers. D. By citing research data. 4. What is Brett House’s attitude to the “underconsumption core” trend? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Objective. D. Disapproving. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一些年轻人受生活成本上升和经济不景气的影响，在TikTok上推动“低消费核心”潮流，但这一潮流能否持久还有待观察。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non - stop advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back.(受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，TikTok上的一些年轻人开始抵制消费)”以及第四段“However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds.(然而，多年的通货膨胀迫使许多人得出结论，他们无法跟上社交媒体上那些人的消费习惯)”可知，一些美国人削减开支受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，以及多年的通货膨胀迫使许多人放弃社交媒体上那些人的消费习惯，所以一些美国人削减开支的原因是经济不景气。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity.(但是一种被称为“低消费核心”的新趋势正在朝着相反的方向发展——鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量)”可知“低消费核心”的新趋势鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量，可知“低消费核心”的理念是用更少的资源做更多的事。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, many people on social media proudly display their well - worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers.(例如，社交媒体上的许多人自豪地展示他们从中学就开始穿的旧鞋子，以及他们使用最后一滴化妆品的承诺。其他人则选择重新利用旧的梅森罐，而不是购买新的食品储存容器)”可知，作者通过举例来告诉我们这一趋势在人群中的流行程度。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told CNBC.(哥伦比亚商学院(Columbia Business School)经济学教授布雷特·豪斯(Brett House)在接受美国全国广播公司财经频道(CNBC)采访时表示：“这一趋势的持续时间在很大程度上取决于经济放缓的持续时间以及收入是否仍低于物价涨幅。”)”可知，布雷特·豪斯指出这一潮流的持续时间在很大程度上取决于经济放缓和收入低于物价上涨的时长，只是客观陈述这一潮流与经济因素的关系，可推理出布雷特·豪斯的态度是客观的。故选C项。 试卷第2页，共32页 试卷第1页，共32页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$