第三章 句法-【探究乐园】2025年小升初英语总复习高效课堂(精讲篇)

第三章句法 专题10陈述句 探究1 陈述句的定义 陈述句就是叙述一件事情或表达一种看法的句子，句末用降调。 探究2陈述句的肯定形式 1.主语十系动词十表语。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 2.主语十谓语动词 The teacher smiled. 3.主语十谓语动词十宾语 He can write and speak English. 4.主语十谓语动词十间接宾语十直接宾语. Lily asked me many questions. 5.主语十谓语动词十宾语十宾语补足语. He made the boy laugh. 探究3 陈述句的否定形式 l.主语+be动词十not十其他. Lucy was not late for school yesterday morning. 2.主语十助动词(do)+not十实义动词+其他. My father didn't go shopping last week. 3.主语十情态动词十not十实义动词+其他. You should not stay up so late. 探究4常见否定式的缩写形式 is not=isn't are not=aren't do not=don't does not=doesn't did not=didn't will not=won't were not-weren't was not=wasn't can not=can't could not=couldn't must not=mustn't should not=shouldn't 探究5 含有否定词的陈述句 有些陈述句的否定形式是由not以外的表示否定意义的词构成的，如no,few,little,noth- ing,nobody,none等。 No one can do it. I know nothing about it. 丨探究乐园心团韧意复同第三章句法丨17 探究6 小学英语常见的陈述句 I have a ruler/an eraser. 我有一把尺子/一块橡皮。 My name is John. 我叫约翰。 I'm six years old. 我六岁（了）。 I'm from the UK. 我来自英国。 She's my mother. 她是我妈妈。 It has a long nose. 它有长鼻子。 It has small eyes and big ears. 它有小眼睛和大耳朵。 It's in your desk. 它在你的桌子里。 We have a new classroom. 我们有一间新教室。 It's near the window. 它就在窗户旁边。 It's blue and white. 它是蓝白色的。 His name is Zhang Peng. 他叫张鹏。 He's tall and strong. 他又高又壮。 He has glasses and his shoes are blue. 他戴眼镜，穿蓝色鞋子。 I can use chopsticks. 我会用筷子。 My family has six people. 我家有六口人。 It's on the second floor. 它在二楼。 It's time to get up. 该起床了。 It's 26 degrees. 气温是26度。 They are tomatoes. 它们是西红柿。 They are your father's. 它们是你爸爸的。 They are too small. 它们太小了。 I have maths,English and music. 我有数学课、英语课和音乐课。 I'd like some water. 我想喝点水。 I can sing English songs. 我会唱英文歌。 We finish class at 1 o'clock. 我们一点钟结束课程。 I often play ping-pong with my father. 我经常和我爸爸一起打乒乓球。 We'll go to the Great Wall. 我们将去长城。 My birthday is on April 4th. 我的生日是4月4日。 The yellow picture is mine. 那幅黄颜色的画是我的。 It's playing with its mother! 它正在和妈妈玩耍！ They're eating lunch! 它们正在吃午饭！ It's near the door. 它在大门附近。 I must pay attention to the traffic lights! 我必须注意交通信号灯！ 181探究乐园少团韧®复同英语·精讲 I'm going to have an art lesson. 我要上美术课。 We're going to draw some pictures in Renmin Park.我们要到人民公园去画画。 We're going to the cinema. 我们打算去电影院。 He likes reading stories. 他喜欢读故事。 He's a businessman. 他是商人。 He goes to work by bike. 他骑自行车上班。 They're afraid of him. 他们害怕他。 The cat is angry with them. 这只猫很生它们的气。 He should see a doctor this morning. 他今天早上应该去看病。 That's the tallest dinosaur in this hall. 那是这个厅里最高的恐龙。 It's taller than both of us together. 它比我俩加起来还高。 Your feet are bigger than mine. 你的脚比我的大。 My shoes are size 37. 我穿37号的鞋。 Yes,I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. 是的，我打扫了房间，还洗了衣服。 I want to buy the new film magazine. 我想买那本新的电影杂志。 I had a cold.I stayed at home all weekend and slept. 我感冒了。整个周末都待在家里睡觉。 It looks like a mule! 它看起来像头骡子！ We went there by plane. 我们坐飞机去的。 There was no library in my old school. 我以前的学校里没有图书馆。 There were no computers or Internet in my time. 我那时候没有电脑，也没有网络。 Before,I was quiet.Now,I'm very active in class. 以前我很安静。现在我在课堂上很活跃。 专题11 疑问句 探究1疑问句的定义 用来提出疑问的句子叫疑问句。它通常以b动词、助动词、情态动词或疑问词开头，句末 用问号。 探究2 一般疑问句 l.Am/Is/Are/Was/Were+主语+其他？ 一Are you a teacher? -No,I'm not. 2.Do/Does/Did十主语+动词原形+其他？ -Did you go to the zoo yesterday? -Yes,I did. 1探究乐园心团韧总复同第三章句法丨19 3.Shall/Can/Must,十主语十动词原形+其他？ -Can you speak Japanese? -No,I can't. 探究3特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句，常用疑问词有what,who,whose,which, when,why,where,how等。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no直接回答，要根据实际情况回答。 when什么时间/询问时间 who谁/询问人 whose谁的/询问所有者 where在哪里/询问地点 which哪一个/询问选择 why为什么/询问原因 what什么/询问东西 what time什么时间/询问时间 what about……怎么样/询问意见 how…怎么样/询问情况 how old多大/询问年龄 how many多少/询问数量 how much多少/询问价格 how far多远/询问距离 how long多久/询问时间长短 how often多久一次/询问频率 how about…怎么样/询问意见 What's your name? Who can help me? When should we meet? Why are you so angry? Where is your father? How do you go to work? How many girls are there in your class? How long will you stay in Beijing? 探究4选择疑问句 选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句的回答不能 用yes或no,要根据实际情况选择一种情况作为回答。选择疑问句全句用or连接，朗读时or 前面的部分用升调，or后面的部分用降调。 1.一般疑问句十or十可选择部分？ -Do you like tea or coffee? -Tea. 2.特殊疑问句十可选择部分十or十可选择部分？ -Who runs faster,Jim or David? -Jim. 3.一般疑问句十or not? Would you like to go or not? 探究5反意疑问句 反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面，对陈述句所说的事实或看法提出疑问的句子。 1.肯定陈述句十否定结构的附加疑问句？ His father is a worker,isn't he? 201探究乐园心团翻®复同英语·精讲1 -It's very hot today,isn't it? -Yes,it is. -That clock is slow,isn't it? -Yes,it is. 2.否定陈述句十肯定结构的附加疑问句？ Ann can't speak Chinese,can she? 这一类型的附加疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就用Ys;事实是 否定的，就要用No。 -She isn't a teacher,is she? -Yes,she is./No,she isn't. 注： 1.附加疑问句的主语必须和陈述句的主语一致，当陈述句的主语是名词时，附加疑问句的 主语必须用相应的人称代词。 Amy and Jane are teachers,aren't they? 2.附加疑问句如果是否定结构，必须用缩写形式。 It's sunny,isn't it? 3.反意疑问句的回答用yes或no。 -You can speak French,can't you? -Yes,I can./No,I can't. 探究6小学英语常见的疑问句 Is she your mother? 她是你妈妈吗？ Is it in your bag? 它在你的包里吗？ Do you like oranges? 你喜欢橙子吗？ Is she in the living room? 她在客厅里吗？ Are they on the table? 它们在桌子上吗？ Is this your uncle? 这是你叔叔吗？ Is this the teachers'office? 这是教师办公室吗？ Is that the computer room? 那是计算机房吗？ Do you have a library? 你们（学校）有图书馆吗？ Can I go outside now? 现在我能出去吗？ Are these carrots? 这些是胡萝卜吗？ Are they hens? 它们是母鸡吗？ Are these yours? 这些是你的吗？ Do you often read books in this park? 你经常在这个公园里看书吗？ Can you do any kung fu,John? 约翰，你会武术吗？ Is he drinking water? 他在喝水吗？ Does he live in Sydney? 他住在悉尼吗？ 1探究乐园心团物总复同第三章句法丨21 Does he like doing word puzzles? 他喜欢猜字谜吗？ Did you do anything else? 你还做了其他什么事吗？ Did you see a film? 你看电影了吗？ What's your name? 你叫什么名字？ How many plates? 几个盘子？ How old are you? 你几岁（了）？ Where are you from? 你是哪里人？ Who's that woman? 那位女士是谁呀？ Where is my pencil box? 我的铅笔盒在哪儿？ How many crayons do you have? 你有多少支蜡笔？ What's in your schoolbag? 你书包里有什么？ What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的？ Where are the keys? 钥匙在哪儿？ What's for dinner? 晚餐吃什么？ How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人？ What's your aunt's job? 你婶婶做什么工作？ Where's the teachers'office? 教师办公室在哪里？ What time is it? 几点了？ What's the weather like in New York? 纽约天气怎么样？ What are those? 那些是什么？ Whose pants are those? 那是谁的裤子？ How do you like this skirt? 你觉得这条短裙怎么样？ How much is this skirt? 这条短裙多少钱？ What's she like? 她什么样？ What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你有什么课？ What would you like to eat? 你想吃什么？ What's your favourite food? 你最喜欢的食物是什么？ When do you finish class in the morning? 你们上午的课到几点结束？ What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？ Which season do you like best,Mike? 迈克，你最喜欢哪个季节？ When is the trip this year? 今年的旅行在什么时候？ When is the art show? 艺术节在什么时候？ When is your birthday? 你的生日在什么时候？ What are they doing? 它们在干什么？ What's the little monkey doing? 那只小猴子在干什么？ 221探究乐园①团初®复同英语·精讲1 Where is the museum shop? 博物馆的商店在哪儿？ How can we get there? 我们怎么到那儿？ How do you come to school? 你怎么来学校的？ What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么？ Where are you going? 你们打算去哪儿？ When are you going? 你们什么时候去？ What are Peter's hobbies? 彼得有什么爱好？ What does he do? 他是做什么的？ Where does he work? 他在哪儿工作？ How does he go to work? 他怎么去上班？ What size are your shoes,Mike? 迈克，你穿多大号的鞋？ How heavy are you? 你体重多少？ How was your weekend? 你周末过得怎么样？ What did you do? 你干什么了？ What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么了？ Where did you go? 你去哪儿了？ How did you go there? 你们怎么去的？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道的？ 专题12祈使句、感叹句 探究1 祈使句的概念 用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句通常没有主语，句子的末尾 使用句号或感叹号，朗读时一般用降调。 探究2 祈使句的形式 形 式 例句 动词原形十其他 Sit down,please. 肯定式 Be十其他 Be quiet！ Let十主语十其他 Let me see. 否定式 Don't十动词原形+其他 Don't turn left! 不含动词的祈使句，通常只由一个名词、形容词或副词后面加感 No food！ 叹号构成 No parking! 丨探究乐园心团韧意复司第三章句法丨23 探究3祈使句的用法 1.表示请求 Turn on the radio,please. Please wait for me！ 2.表示命令 Stop talking！ Don't make noise. 3.表示提醒或警告 Look out!The car is coming. 4.表示禁止 No photos. No smoking. 5.表示邀请 Please join us！ 6.表示建议 Let's clean the classroom! 7.表示祝愿 Happy New Year! 探究4小学英语常见的祈使句 Colour it brown! 把它涂成棕色吧！ Let's make a puppet! (让)我们一起做个木偶吧！ Have some bread. 吃点面包吧。 Open it and see! 打开看看！ Let's go and see! 我们去看看吧！ Let me clean the windows. 让我来擦窗户。 Keep your desk clean. 保持桌面干净。 Turn left at the bookstore. 到书店左转。 Don't go at the red light! 别闯红灯！ Tell us about your school,please. 请给我们讲讲你的学校吧。 探究5感叹句的概念 用来表示说话人喜、怒、哀、乐、惊讶、赞美等情感的句子叫做感叹句。句末用感叹号，朗读 时用降调。 探究6 感叹句的形式 1.由how引导的感叹句：How十形容词/副词十主语+谓语！ How funny the boy is! How happy they are! How well the girl sings! 2.由what引导的感叹句： What十a/an十形容词十可数名词单数十主语十谓语！ What十形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）十主语十谓语！ What an interesting film it is! What beautiful flowers they are! What bad weather it is！ 探究7 小学英语常见的感叹句 What a nice photo! 多好看的一张照片啊！ What lovely colours! 多可爱的颜色啊！ What a great museum！ 多棒的一座博物馆啊！ How beautiful the world is! 世界多美丽啊！ 241探究乐园①团翻®复月英语·精讲1 专题l3 There be句型 探究1 There be句型的概念 There be句型又叫存在句，表示“某地存在某物或在某时发生某事”。常用“There be十名 词十地点/时间状语”的结构，there无词义，be因名词形式的不同而不同。 注意：There be结构表示“存在”，即某处有某物（某人）；have表示“某人拥有某物”。 探究2 There be句型的结构 1.肯定形式 There be句型的肯定式表示“某地存在某物或某人”或“某时发生某事”。 (1)There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词+地点/时间状语， There is a book on the desk. There is some milk in the glass. (2)There are十可数名词复数十地点/时间状语， There are some boats in the river. 2.否定形式 There be句型的否定式是在谓语动词be后面加“not(any)”或“no”,表示“没有”之意。 There are not any students in the classroom. =There are no students in the classroom. 3.疑问形式 (l)Is/Was/Are/Were十there-十某人/某物+地点/时间状语？ Are there any computers in your office? (2)对主语提问：Who's/What's十主语+其他？ There is a bird in the tree.-What's in the tree? (3)对地点提问：Where is/are+主语？ There is a toy in my room.Where is the toy? (4)对数量提问： ①可数：How many十可数名词复数十are/were there-十介词短语？ How many months are there in a year? ②不可数：How much十不可数名词十is there十介词短语？ How much money is there in your pocket? 注：There be句型中的be动词要遵循就近原则。也就是说be动词要与最近的主语的数 保持一致，单数用is,复数用are。 4.there be结构与have的区别 there be表示状态，意为“某地/某时有某物/某人”，经常与地点状语或时间状语连用。 have用来表示各种关系的“所有”，身上“具有（说明人物的外观）”或整体与局部的“含有”。 There is a bike in Jim's room. Mary has big eyes. 1探究乐园心团韧总复同第三章句法125