Unit 6 第3课时 Section 2 Grammar（分层练习）英语新教材沪教版七年级下册

Unit 6 Electricity everywhere Section 2 Grammar 一、基础知识夯实 can: a 表示能力, 中文意思是“__________”，相当于 __________。 b.表示许可，中文意思是“________”, 相当于 _______，较多用于疑问句。 c.表示可能性，can’t中文意思是“_________”。 d. can 的否定形式是_______.过去式______的语气比can更加客气委婉，表示语气时并不代表过去时。 may: a.表示允许, 中文意思是“________________”相当于 _______ 。 b.表示猜测，暗含的可能性较小, 中文意思是 “___________”。 c. may 的否定式为_________.注意may的否定式不能缩写。且由may构成的一般疑问句的否定回答用________________。 must: a.表示义务，中文意思是“________”。 b. mustn’t的中文意思是“___________” c. 表推测，暗含有很大的可能性,用于肯定句，中文意思是“_________”。 d. 注意：由must构成的一般疑问句的否定回答要用_________或________________, 而不用mustn’t。 f. must 与have to 的区别，must表示主观看法，have to表示客观需求，中文意思为___________. 点对点练习 1. He works hard and he’s sure that he _______ pass the exam. 2. — Could I borrow your English book, please? — Of course you _______. 3. — _______ I pick the flowers in the park? — No, you mustn’t. 4. You can go and ask Sally. She _______ know where Joan has gone. 5. The schoolbag _______ be Tom’s. His name is written on it. 6. Tom ________ come to the party tonight, but I’m not sure. 7. Please speak a little louder so that I ________ hear you. 8.The traffic _______ stop when the lights are red in the street. 9.— May I go to the cinema, Dad? — No, you _______. You must finish your homework first. 10.It’s raining hard outside, so I _______ stay at home. 二、单项选择。 1.The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 2.According to the notice, guests at this hotel __________use the sports center at no extra cost. A. can B. should C. must D. need 3.As middle school students, we follow the public rules wherever we go. A. would B. should C. might D. could 4.–Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin? - You _______ go if you have finished your homework. A. must B. need C. should D. can 5.-Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning. -I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't 6.We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you ____________ copy the article you need on the machine over there. A. can B. must C. should D. would 7.-It's too hot._ ______ I swim in the lake? -No, you____. That's too dangerous! A. Should; can't B. Need; mustn't C. Must; needn't D. Could; can't 8.-Can we walk across the road now? -No, we________. We have to wait until the light turns green. A. couldn't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't 9.-I went to Mount Wudang with my five friends in one small car last weekend. -Oh, my God! I think it____ be an uncomfortable trip. A. must B. can't C. may D. shouldn't 10.-Mom,____I play computer games this evening? -Sure, but you________ finish your homework first. A. can；must B. can；mustn't C. may；could D. may；can't 11. Mike, you play with fire. You burn yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. have got to; shouldn’t C. don’t have to; must D. mustn’t; might 12. -Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. - I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t 13. —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now? —Sorry, I _________. My watch doesn’t work. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 14. —It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open. —Yes. We________ leave the light on. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. will D. wouldn’t 15. —What do you think we common people ________ do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout? —I think we ________ do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit. A. must; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. need; shouldn’t. D. can; needn’t 16.— _______ we clean the classroom at once? — No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school. A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may 三、 用适当的情态动词填空 1. —What __________ I do for you? —I want some bananas. 2. Tom __________ ride a bike, but he can’t drive a car. 3. You are ill, Tom. You __________ see a doctor. 4. Children __________ play basketball in the street. 5. If you are not careful, a car __________ hit you. 6. —__________ I come in? —Yes, you may. Come in, please. 7. A blind man __________ see anything. 8.Nobody_________live without air and water. 9.The book__________ be returned before Saturday. 10.You_________give up smoking at once. It's bad for your health. 11.The train will leave at half past six, so I__________ get there fifteen minutes earlier. 12.You don't________ worry about her. She is much better now. 四、翻译下列句子。 1. 我会讲日语。 2. 你会弹钢琴吗？ 3. 我们可以进来吗？是的，你们可以进来。/不，你们不可以进来。 4. 他不会下象棋。 5. 小汽车不能在此左转弯。 6. 我们现在得上学去了。 7. 我必须要7点前先完成作业吗？ 不，没必要。 8. 我可以借几本书？ 9. 你必须在一个月内还书。 10. 参观者不能在博物馆里吸烟 六、短文填空 A 语法填空。 根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 Nowadays people use money every day. It is very 1 ___________ (importance) in our life. Without money, you cannot buy anything you want. But I think few people know 2___________ history of money. Long ago, people did not need money. They 3__________ (live) on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time passed, people learned 4__________ (grow) plants and keep animals. Sometimes, families produced more things than they needed, so they started to sell 5__________ (they) to other families. Later, people began to use money, 6___________ it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones, etc. During the 600s BC, people began using coins as money. They soon found that they were easier to carry than other things. Later, 7___________ (country) started to make their own coins. The Chinese 8__________ (be) the first to use paper money, probably as early as the 11th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money 9___________ he visited China in the 1200s. Today, we have many ways 10___________ (buy) things. We not only use coins and paper money, but also use bank cards and telephones. Paying with a card or a telephone is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of “real” money. B 短文填词 Battery is used in families and machines. The chemicals inside it can 1.p________ electricity. It’s quite convenient for humans’ 1 lives . Now an old battery is getting a makeover（改造）and can give electric cars more energy to run. The nickel-Iron （镍铁）battery was 2.i________ over 100 years ago and now scientists in Harvard University have improved it to work in minutes and give off energy quickly. This can help electric cars run faster. What’s more, this kind of battery is less 3. h_________ than the common（平常）ones. This new kind of battery hasn’t been used in daily lives, but people are all 4. i__________ in it. Scientists say they are working hard to make it into market as soon as possible. They believe that the battery will make another great 5.c________ for people’s lives. 七、语法选择 In the early 1800s, the first electric light was made. But there was no good way to get electricity into homes. Two men began working to develop ___1____ electric generator（发电机）. One was the famous Thomas Edison. _____2____was a young man ____3_____ Nikola Testa. Testa was born in Croatia in 1856 and moved to America in 1884. He_____4____ Thomas Edison and worked with him in Edison’s company. Edison had developed a generator that made direct current-DC（直流电）. His generator already ____5_____light a small area of New York City. Testa helped Edison ___6____ his DC generator better. But he did not stay with Edison very long. Testa thought there was a better way of ____7_____electricity. Nikola Testa knew more about electricity than almost anyone. Testa did not invent the AC generator. ___8___ he believed alternating current-AC（交流电）, was _____9____ way to power homes. He went to work _____10____ a large electric company. He developed AC generators to power homes and businesses. Tesla was on his way to great_____11____. Edison fought against Tesla’s AC generators because he was not happy. He told everyone that AC would kill people. It was true that AC was ____12______than DC. But DC had ___13_____own problems. It could not be sent far from the generator. AC, on the other hand, could be sent very far. Finally Nikola Tesla was a great ___14____, and _____15_____his inventions, now the whole world has electricity. 1. A. a B. an C. the D.\ 2. A. others B. the other C. other D. another 3. A. name B. named C. names D. naming 4. A. join B. joins C. joined D. joining 5. A. may B. must C. should D. could 6. A. makes B. made C. make D. making 7. A. producing B. produce C. produced D. produces 8. A. and B. but C. or D. so 9. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 10. A. at B. on C. for D. to 11. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully 12. A. dangerous B. much dangerous C. more dangerous D. the most dangerous 13. A. it B. it’s C. its D. its’ 14. A. invent B. invention C. inventer D. inventor 15. A. because B. because of C. because for D. because to 八、完形填空 The Warrens are a common family. However, this common family has done something ___16___. A few years ago, they moved to the countryside and built a house which was powered (提供动力) by the wind and the sun! Mr. Warren wanted his family to play a role in ___17___ the planet, so he read a lot about the electrical system. Then, he ___18___ to create electricity to power everything they needed for their daily lives. The kids were ___19___ at first. “Will we still be able to watch TV? What about the computer?” they asked. “Don’t worry at all,” said their father. “Just because we are going to create our own electricity doesn’t mean we have to live in the ___20___.” “We are going to set up a wind generator (发电机),” explained Mrs. Warren. “Wind is a great way to __21___ electricity. It’s not only free but also clean. The wind doesn’t blow all the time, though. That’s ___22___ we need to store (储存) our power. Then, when there is no wind, we will still have power to run everything in our house.” Mr. Warren added, “We are also going to collect ___23___ from the sun and turn it into electricity. So, when the wind blows, we have power. When the __24___ shines, we have power, too.” It’s easy to see that the family really __25___ renewable energy. Now, they are living happily in their self-powered countryside home. 16．A．normal B．special C．similar D．private 17．A．saving B．breaking C．greeting D．examining 18．A．failed B．agreed C．decided D．refused 19．A．angry B．worried C．happy D．interested 20．A．spring B．moment C．past D．dark 21．A．shoot B．waste C．reduce D．produce 22．A．how B．why C．which D．where 23．A．scenes B．energy C．rubbish D．objects 24．A．star B．light C．sun D．moon 25．A．trusts in B．calls in C．shuts off D．cuts down 八、阅读理解 A It’s there, but it has no weight, no colour, and you can’t smell it. You can’t see it, but it’s working everywhere in our modern world. Don’t try to touch it! It’s dangerous. It has always existed, but humans learned about it only 500 years ago. What is it? Electricity. It’s powerful and mysterious. Thanks to electricity, you can flick a switch(开关)and have light. Watched a good TV show lately? You couldn’t do that without electricity. We cook our food, heat our homes and run our computers using electricity. But what is it, really? Here is a simple description. Everything in the world is made of atoms (原子). Atoms are small. You can fit millions of them on the head of a pin. In every atom, there are electrons (电子), protons (质子) and neutrons (中子). In some atoms, it is possible to move electrons easily from one atom to another. As the electrons move, a current(电流) is created. This is electricity. Don’t worry if you don’t understand it fully. Just remember that electricity is the result of the movement of electrons. As the electrons move, they create a strong electric charge. There are many ways to generate electricity. A machine called a generator spins(旋转) rapidly. Water and wind can make a generator spin. So can motors fuelled by oil. As the generator spins, the electrons begin to move. As they move, they create an electric current. Power lines (电线) are built from generators to carry this current to places where people can use it. Along your street, power lines bring electricity right to your door. A wire runs into your house. More wires inside your house are attached to the plugs. Plug in your lamp, the electricity lights up the bulb, and you have light! It takes a lot of energy to make electricity. Oil is one of the main fuels(燃料) used to power electric generators. Another common fuel is coal. Our planet is running out of these resources, and using them creates a lot of pollution. In the future, most electricity will be produced using the sun and wind. But for now, be careful about how much electricity you use. Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room. Every little bit helps. 1. The writer mentions atoms in the third paragraph to . A. show the relationship between electricity and atoms B. explain what the electricity is C. tell us everything in the world is made of atoms D. describe how the electrons move 2. The underlined word “generate” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A. move B. understand C. produce D. use 3. According to the passage, the writer probably agrees__________. A. it’s very easy to make electricity B. oil and coal are pollution C. most electricity is produced by sun and wind now D. everyone should do his best to save electricity 4. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How to make electricity. B. How electricity helps us. C. Electricity — A Natural Force. D. Save the energy; Save the world. B Electricity is an important part in our life. We can't see or touch it, but it is all around us. 46 But some people don't know that everyone should save electricity. When it is not completely dark, many street lamps (路灯) light up early in some streets of places. 47 Some people are sleeping with the lights on. They are all wrong. Here I make some suggestions about stopping these things. 1. 48 We light them from 7:00 p.m.-5:30 a.m. in summer, and from 5:30 p.m.-6:00 a.m. in winter. 2.If some small areas are very dark, just turn on a few lights. 3.The distance (距离) between street lamps can be 50-60 meters. 49 4.If there are some activities, we can make the lights bright, if there is no activity, lights needn't be too bright. 5. Ask people to save electricity through TV shows, newspapers, and so on. Electricity is a valuable resource (资源). It helps us live well and conveniently. 50 A. Our life will be terrible without electricity. B. It can save electricity and money. C. Turn on the street lamps on time. D. Some people don't turn off the lights when they leave the room. E. We should take action to save it at once! 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Electricity everywhere Section 2 Grammar 一、基础知识夯实 can: a 表示能力, 中文意思是“__________”，相当于 __________。 b.表示许可，中文意思是“________”, 相当于 _______，较多用于疑问句。 c.表示可能性，can’t中文意思是“_________”。 d. can 的否定形式是_______.过去式______的语气比can更加客气委婉，表示语气时并不代表过去时。 【答案】能; 会 be able to 可以 may 不可能 can’t could may: a.表示允许, 中文意思是“________________”相当于 _______ 。 b.表示猜测，暗含的可能性较小, 中文意思是 “___________”。 c. may 的否定式为_________.注意may的否定式不能缩写。且由may构成的一般疑问句的否定回答用________________。 【答案】可以 can/ could 也许 may not can’t 或mustn’t must: a.表示义务，中文意思是“________”。 b. mustn’t的中文意思是“___________” c. 表推测，暗含有很大的可能性,用于肯定句，中文意思是“_________”。 d. 注意：由must构成的一般疑问句的否定回答要用_________或________________, 而不用mustn’t。 f. must 与have to 的区别，must表示主观看法，have to表示客观需求，中文意思为___________. 【答案】必须 禁止 一定是 needn’t don’t have to 不得不 点对点练习 1. He works hard and he’s sure that he _______ pass the exam. 2. — Could I borrow your English book, please? — Of course you _______. 3. — _______ I pick the flowers in the park? — No, you mustn’t. 4. You can go and ask Sally. She _______ know where Joan has gone. 5. The schoolbag _______ be Tom’s. His name is written on it. 6. Tom ________ come to the party tonight, but I’m not sure. 7. Please speak a little louder so that I ________ hear you. 8.The traffic _______ stop when the lights are red in the street. 9.— May I go to the cinema, Dad? — No, you _______. You must finish your homework first. 10.It’s raining hard outside, so I _______ stay at home. 【答案】1.can 2.can 3.May/Can 4.may/must 5.must 6.may 7.can 8.must 9.needn’t 10.have to 二、单项选择。 1.The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 【答案】D 【解析】句意：设计者已经尝试了所有可能的方法使机器变轻，所以你不必担心它的重量。must必须；一定；may可以；可能；can’t不能；不可能；needn’t不必，没有必要。根据句意The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light可知，设计者在努力使机器变轻，所以担心是没有必要的。故应选D。 2.According to the notice, guests at this hotel __________use the sports center at no extra cost. A. can B. should C. must D. need 【答案】A 【解析】句意“根据通知，在这个宾馆的顾客可以不用额外地出钱就能使用体育中心”。A.能，可以；B.应该；C.必须；D.需要。根据句意可知，表示“能使用体育中心、可以使用体育中心”，故选A。 3.As middle school students, we follow the public rules wherever we go. A. would B. should C. might D. could 【答案】B 【解析】句意：作为中学生，无论去哪里，我们都应该遵守公共规则。A. would将会；B. should应该；C. might可能；D. could可以。should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”。故答案为B。 4.–Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin? - You _______ go if you have finished your homework. A. must B. need C. should D. can 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我可以和我表妹去看电影吗?——你可以去如果完成了你的家庭作业。考查情态动词辨析。must必须，强调主观意愿；need需要，指有必要；should应该，表建议；can可以，表许可。本句是条件状语从句，主句表示允许，根据if you have finished your homework.可知选D。 5.-Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning. -I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——有些人在一开始并没有展示他们的才能。——我同意。爱因斯坦甚至直到七岁才识字。考查情态动词辨析。can't 不能，表示没有能力，couldn't是其过去式；mustn't不能，表禁止；needn't不需要，指没有必要。根据Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.可知七岁前几乎没有能力读书，根据until he was seven可知用一般过去时，故选C。 6.We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you ____________ copy the article you need on the machine over there. A. can B. must C. should D. would 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们不允许带杂志出去，但是你可以在那边的机器上复印你需要的文章。考查情态动词辨析。A. can可以、能够；B. must必须，一定；C. should应该；D. would将会。根据语境：我们不允许带杂志出去，但是你_____在那边的机器上复印你需要的文章。结合选项可知can符合题意，故答案选A。 7.-It's too hot._ ______ I swim in the lake? -No, you____. That's too dangerous! A. Should; can't B. Need; mustn't C. Must; needn't D. Could; can't 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。should表示“应该，应当”；must表示“必须”；need意为“需要”；mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”；needn't意为“不需要”，一般用来回答以must开头的一般疑问句；could表示“能，可以”，语气更委婉；can't表示“不能”。由句意“——太热了，我能在湖里游泳吗？——不，你不能。那太危险了！”可知，第一空用could向对方提出请求；第二空表示拒绝，故选D 8.-Can we walk across the road now? -No, we________. We have to wait until the light turns green. A. couldn't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——现在我们可以过马路吗？——不，不允许。我们必须等到交通灯变绿。Couldn’t不可以；needn't没必要；shouldn't不应该；mustn't禁止，不允许。结合语境“Can we...？”和下文“我们必须等到交通灯变绿”可知答案。故选D 9.-I went to Mount Wudang with my five friends in one small car last weekend. -Oh, my God! I think it____ be an uncomfortable trip. A. must B. can't C. may D. shouldn't 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——上周末我和五位朋友开小汽车去了武当山。——哦，我的天哪！我认为那一定是一次不舒适的旅行。must一定；can't不可能；may可能；shouldn't不应该。根据句意，表示肯定的猜测用must。故选A。 10.-Mom,____I play computer games this evening? -Sure, but you________ finish your homework first. A. can；must B. can；mustn't C. may；could D. may；can't 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，今天晚上我能玩电脑游戏吗？——当然，但是你必须先完成你的家庭作业。根据Sure，可知是回答请求，结合but 可知“必须要先完成作业”。故选A。 11. Mike, you play with fire. You burn yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. have got to; shouldn’t C. don’t have to; must D. mustn’t; might 【答案】D 【解析】句意：迈克，你不能玩火。你可能会烧伤自己。 本题考查情态动词。A.不会不能；B.必须，不应该；C.不必，必须；D.禁止；可能。第一空，根据句意可知，此空是禁止的意思，此空故填 mustn’t，第二空，是表示猜测，应填might，故选D。 12. -Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. - I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——有些人在一开始并没有展示他们的才能。——我同意。爱因斯坦甚至直到七岁才识字。考查情态动词辨析。can’t 不能，表示没有能力，couldn’t是其过去式；mustn’t不能，表禁止；needn’t不需要，指没有必要。根据Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.可知七岁前几乎没有能力读书，根据until he was seven可知用一般过去时，故选C。 13. —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now? —Sorry, I _________. My watch doesn’t work. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：——打扰了，你能告诉我现在是几点吗？——对不起，我不能。我的表不工作了。根据句意及题干分析可知，can构成的一般疑问句的回答应用can，此句的回答是否定形式，故选A。 14. —It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open. —Yes. We________ leave the light on. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. will D. wouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：——这儿很亮，我们就把窗子开着吧。 ——是的，我们不应该开着灯。 考查情态动词。couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；will将、会；wouldn’t将不会。根据“It’s quite bright here. Let’s just keep the window open.”可知，这很亮，所以不应该开着灯，表建议。故选B。 15. —What do you think we common people ________ do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout? —I think we ________ do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit. A. must; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. need; shouldn’t. D. can; needn’t 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——在新冠肺炎疫情期间，您认为我们老百姓能为祖国做些什么？——我认为我们不需要做任何事情，除了待在家里和做一些锻炼来保持健康。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can’t不能够；may可能；mustn’t禁止；need必须；shouldn’t不应该；can能够；needn’t不必。根据“What do you think we common people … do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout”可知，此处询问能做些什么；根据“I think we … do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit”可知，不需要其他的事情，只能待在家里和做锻炼，故选D。 16.— _______ we clean the classroom at once? — No, you _______. You _______ clean it after school. A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may 【答案】A 【解析】情态动词的用法。根据前后句意可推断对方在询问“我必须马上打扫教室吗？”。而must引导的一般疑问句否定回答用needn’t。故选A。 三、 用适当的情态动词填空 1. —What __________ I do for you? —I want some bananas. 2. Tom __________ ride a bike, but he can’t drive a car. 3. You are ill, Tom. You __________ see a doctor. 4. Children __________ play basketball in the street. 5. If you are not careful, a car __________ hit you. 6. —__________ I come in? —Yes, you may. Come in, please. 7. A blind man __________ see anything. 8.Nobody_________live without air and water. 9.The book__________ be returned before Saturday. 10.You_________give up smoking at once. It's bad for your health. 11.The train will leave at half past six, so I__________ get there fifteen minutes earlier. 12.You don't________ worry about her. She is much better now. 【答案】1.can 2.can 3.must 4.mustn’t 5.may 6.May/can 7.can’t 8.can’t 9.must 10.must 11.must 12.have to 四、翻译下列句子。 1. 我会讲日语。 【答案】I can speak Japanese 2. 你会弹钢琴吗？ 【答案】Can you play the piano? 3. 我们可以进来吗？是的，你们可以进来。/不，你们不可以进来。 【答案】Can / May we come in? Yes, you may. /No. You can’t. 4. 他不会下象棋。 【答案】He can’t play chess. 5. 小汽车不能在此左转弯。 【答案】Cars can’t / mustn’t turn left here. 6. 我们现在得上学去了。 【答案】We must go to school now. 7. 我必须要7点前先完成作业吗？ 不，没必要。 【答案】Must I finish the homework first before 7? No，you needn’t 8. 我可以借几本书？ 【答案】How many books can / may I borrow? 9. 你必须在一个月内还书。 【答案】You must return the books in a month. 10. 参观者不能在博物馆里吸烟 【答案】Visitors can’t / mustn’t smoke in the museum. 六、短文填空 A 语法填空。 根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 Nowadays people use money every day. It is very 1 ___________ (importance) in our life. Without money, you cannot buy anything you want. But I think few people know 2___________ history of money. Long ago, people did not need money. They 3__________ (live) on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time passed, people learned 4__________ (grow) plants and keep animals. Sometimes, families produced more things than they needed, so they started to sell 5__________ (they) to other families. Later, people began to use money, 6___________ it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones, etc. During the 600s BC, people began using coins as money. They soon found that they were easier to carry than other things. Later, 7___________ (country) started to make their own coins. The Chinese 8__________ (be) the first to use paper money, probably as early as the 11th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money 9___________ he visited China in the 1200s. Today, we have many ways 10___________ (buy) things. We not only use coins and paper money, but also use bank cards and telephones. Paying with a card or a telephone is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of “real” money. 【答案】1. important 2. the 3. lived 4. to grow 5. them 6. but 7 countries 8. were 9. when 10. to buy B 短文填词 Battery is used in families and machines. The chemicals inside it can 1.p________ electricity. It’s quite convenient for humans’ 1 lives . Now an old battery is getting a makeover（改造）and can give electric cars more energy to run. The nickel-Iron （镍铁）battery was 2.i________ over 100 years ago and now scientists in Harvard University have improved it to work in minutes and give off energy quickly. This can help electric cars run faster. What’s more, this kind of battery is less 3. h_________ than the common（平常）ones. This new kind of battery hasn’t been used in daily lives, but people are all 4. i__________ in it. Scientists say they are working hard to make it into market as soon as possible. They believe that the battery will make another great 5.c________ for people’s lives. 【答案】1.produce 2.invented 3.harmful 4.interested 5.change 七、语法选择 In the early 1800s, the first electric light was made. But there was no good way to get electricity into homes. Two men began working to develop ___1____ electric generator（发电机）. One was the famous Thomas Edison. _____2____was a young man ____3_____ Nikola Testa. Testa was born in Croatia in 1856 and moved to America in 1884. He_____4____ Thomas Edison and worked with him in Edison’s company. Edison had developed a generator that made direct current-DC（直流电）. His generator already ____5_____light a small area of New York City. Testa helped Edison ___6____ his DC generator better. But he did not stay with Edison very long. Testa thought there was a better way of ____7_____electricity. Nikola Testa knew more about electricity than almost anyone. Testa did not invent the AC generator. ___8___ he believed alternating current-AC（交流电）, was _____9____ way to power homes. He went to work _____10____ a large electric company. He developed AC generators to power homes and businesses. Tesla was on his way to great_____11____. Edison fought against Tesla’s AC generators because he was not happy. He told everyone that AC would kill people. It was true that AC was ____12______than DC. But DC had ___13_____own problems. It could not be sent far from the generator. AC, on the other hand, could be sent very far. Finally Nikola Tesla was a great ___14____, and _____15_____his inventions, now the whole world has electricity. 1. A. a B. an C. the D.\ 2. A. others B. the other C. other D. another 3. A. name B. named C. names D. naming 4. A. join B. joins C. joined D. joining 5. A. may B. must C. should D. could 6. A. makes B. made C. make D. making 7. A. producing B. produce C. produced D. produces 8. A. and B. but C. or D. so 9. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 10. A. at B. on C. for D. to 11. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully 12. A. dangerous B. much dangerous C. more dangerous D. the most dangerous 13. A. it B. it’s C. its D. its’ 14. A. invent B. invention C. inventer D. inventor 15. A. because B. because of C. because for D. because to 【答案】BBBCD CABDC ACCDB 【解析】短文讲了在19世纪早期，第一个电灯被制造出来。详细地介绍了托马斯•爱迪生和尼古拉•泰斯塔对电的研究，及其尼古拉•泰斯塔的发明使全世界都有了电。 1.考查冠词语法。句意：两个人开始研制发电机。这里表示一类人或物用不定冠词。元音前面用an。答案选B 2.考查不定代词语法。句意：其中一位是著名的托马斯·爱迪生。另一个是一个名叫尼古拉·特斯塔的年轻人。一个。。。另一个。One。。。the other。答案选B 3.考查动词用法。句意：其中一位是著名的托马斯·爱迪生。另一个是一个名叫尼古拉·特斯塔的年轻人。Named名叫过去分词做定语。答案选B 4.考查时态用法。句意：他加入了托马斯爱迪生，并在爱迪生的公司里与他一起工作。叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态。答案选C 5.考查情态动词用法。句意：他的发电机已经可以照亮纽约市的一小部分地区。这里表示“能会”用情态动词could。答案选D 6.考查动词用法。句意：埃斯塔帮助爱迪生更好地开发了他的直流发电机。Help。。。do（to do）答案选C 7.考查动词用法。句意：泰斯塔认为有更好的发电方式。Of介词后面用动词Ving形式。答案选A 8.考查连词用法。句意：泰斯塔并没有发明交流发电机。但他相信交流电是给家庭供电的最好方式。前后句子是转折关系。答案选B 9.考查形容词用法。句意：但他相信交流电是给家庭供电的最好方式。Way是可数名词。A good/better way才正确。故答案选D 10.考查介词用法。句意：他去了一家大型电力公司工作.for表示“为”。答案选C 11.考查词语辨异用法。句意：特斯拉正在走向巨大的成功。Success名词。Succeed 动词 successful形容词。Successfully副词。这里用名词。答案选A 12.考查词形容词用法。句意：的确，交流比直流危险。这里用than用比较级。答案选C 13.考查代词用法。句意：但直流电也有自己的问题。Its它的。修饰名词。答案选C 14.考查词性辨异。句意：最后，尼古拉·特斯拉成为一位伟大的发明家。Inventor发明家。答案选D 15.考查词性辨异。句意：因为他的发明，现在全世界都有了电。Because of固定搭配。后面接短语。答案选B 八、完形填空 The Warrens are a common family. However, this common family has done something ___16___. A few years ago, they moved to the countryside and built a house which was powered (提供动力) by the wind and the sun! Mr. Warren wanted his family to play a role in ___17___ the planet, so he read a lot about the electrical system. Then, he ___18___ to create electricity to power everything they needed for their daily lives. The kids were ___19___ at first. “Will we still be able to watch TV? What about the computer?” they asked. “Don’t worry at all,” said their father. “Just because we are going to create our own electricity doesn’t mean we have to live in the ___20___.” “We are going to set up a wind generator (发电机),” explained Mrs. Warren. “Wind is a great way to __21___ electricity. It’s not only free but also clean. The wind doesn’t blow all the time, though. That’s ___22___ we need to store (储存) our power. Then, when there is no wind, we will still have power to run everything in our house.” Mr. Warren added, “We are also going to collect ___23___ from the sun and turn it into electricity. So, when the wind blows, we have power. When the __24___ shines, we have power, too.” It’s easy to see that the family really __25___ renewable energy. Now, they are living happily in their self-powered countryside home. 16．A．normal B．special C．similar D．private 17．A．saving B．breaking C．greeting D．examining 18．A．failed B．agreed C．decided D．refused 19．A．angry B．worried C．happy D．interested 20．A．spring B．moment C．past D．dark 21．A．shoot B．waste C．reduce D．produce 22．A．how B．why C．which D．where 23．A．scenes B．energy C．rubbish D．objects 24．A．star B．light C．sun D．moon 25．A．trusts in B．calls in C．shuts off D．cuts down 【答案】BACBD DBBCA 【解析】短文大意：本文是记叙文，讲述了沃伦一家自己动手利用风力和阳光发电，以实际行动拯救地球的故事。 16．句意：然而，这个普通的家庭做了一些特别的事情。 normal正常的；special特别的；similar相似的；private私有的。however然而，表语义转折；根据上文“The Warrens are a common family沃伦一家是一个普通的家庭”，可知这个普通的家庭做了一些不普通的事情，ACD三项不合句意，故选B。 17．句意：沃伦先生想让他的家人在拯救地球的行动中发挥作用，所以他读了很多关于电力系统的书。 saving拯救；breaking打破；greeting问候；examining检查。根据下文“so he read a lot about the electrical system所以他读了很多关于电力系统的书”，可知原因是他想让家人在拯救地球的行动中发挥作用，故选A。 18．句意：然后，他决定创造电力来供应他们日常生活所需的一切。 failed失败；agreed同意；decided决定；refused拒绝。then然后，表顺承；根据上下文可知，他做了“创造电力来供应他们日常生活所需的”决定，故选C。 19．句意：孩子们一开始很担心。 angry生气的；worried担心的；happy高兴的；interested有趣的。根据下文孩子的话“Will we still be able to watch TV? What about the computer? 我们还能看电视吗？那电脑呢”，可知孩子们很担心能不能继续看电视和用电脑，故选B。 20．句意：仅仅因为我们要自己发电，并不意味着我们必须生活在黑暗中。 spring春天；moment时刻；past过去/昔日；dark黑暗。本句是否定句，mean意味着；根据“doesn’t mean”和语境，可知ABC三项不合句意，故选D。 21．句意：风力发电是一种很好的发电方式。 shoot射击；waste浪费；reduce减少；produce生产。根据前文“he decided to create electricity to power everything they needed for their daily lives他决定创造电力来满足他们日常生活所需的一切”，结合本句，可知风力发电是一种很好的发电方式，produce符合句意，故选D。 22．句意：这就是为什么我们需要储存能量（的原因）。 how怎样，表方式；why为什么，表原因；which哪一个，表事物；where在哪里，表地点。根据句意结构，可知本句解释原因，和前句是因果关系，故选B。 23．句意：我们还将从太阳能中收集能量，并将其转化为电能。 scenes场景；energy能量；rubbish垃圾；objects物品。根据下文“turn it into electricity将其转化为电能”，可知是从太阳能中收集能量，故选B。 24．句意：当太阳照耀的时候，我们也有能量。 star星星；light光线；sun太阳；moon月亮。shine照耀；根据上文“We are also going to collect energy from the sun and turn it into electricity我们还将从太阳能中收集能量，并将其转化为电能”，可知当太阳照耀的时候，我们也有能量，故选C。 25．句意：容易看出，这家人真的相信可再生能源。 trusts in信任；calls in顺道走访；shuts off关闭；cuts down削减。根据最后“they are living happily in their self-powered countryside home他们幸福地生活在他们的自供电的乡村家庭”，结合前一段沃伦先生关于风能和太阳能的介绍，可知他们相信可再生能源，故选A。 八、阅读理解 A It’s there, but it has no weight, no colour, and you can’t smell it. You can’t see it, but it’s working everywhere in our modern world. Don’t try to touch it! It’s dangerous. It has always existed, but humans learned about it only 500 years ago. What is it? Electricity. It’s powerful and mysterious. Thanks to electricity, you can flick a switch(开关)and have light. Watched a good TV show lately? You couldn’t do that without electricity. We cook our food, heat our homes and run our computers using electricity. But what is it, really? Here is a simple description. Everything in the world is made of atoms (原子). Atoms are small. You can fit millions of them on the head of a pin. In every atom, there are electrons (电子), protons (质子) and neutrons (中子). In some atoms, it is possible to move electrons easily from one atom to another. As the electrons move, a current(电流) is created. This is electricity. Don’t worry if you don’t understand it fully. Just remember that electricity is the result of the movement of electrons. As the electrons move, they create a strong electric charge. There are many ways to generate electricity. A machine called a generator spins(旋转) rapidly. Water and wind can make a generator spin. So can motors fuelled by oil. As the generator spins, the electrons begin to move. As they move, they create an electric current. Power lines (电线) are built from generators to carry this current to places where people can use it. Along your street, power lines bring electricity right to your door. A wire runs into your house. More wires inside your house are attached to the plugs. Plug in your lamp, the electricity lights up the bulb, and you have light! It takes a lot of energy to make electricity. Oil is one of the main fuels(燃料) used to power electric generators. Another common fuel is coal. Our planet is running out of these resources, and using them creates a lot of pollution. In the future, most electricity will be produced using the sun and wind. But for now, be careful about how much electricity you use. Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room. Every little bit helps. 1. The writer mentions atoms in the third paragraph to . A. show the relationship between electricity and atoms B. explain what the electricity is C. tell us everything in the world is made of atoms D. describe how the electrons move 2. The underlined word “generate” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A. move B. understand C. produce D. use 3. According to the passage, the writer probably agrees__________. A. it’s very easy to make electricity B. oil and coal are pollution C. most electricity is produced by sun and wind now D. everyone should do his best to save electricity 4. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How to make electricity. B. How electricity helps us. C. Electricity — A Natural Force. D. Save the energy; Save the world. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文介绍了什么是电，以及发电有很多种方法，提倡节约用电。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一句“This is electricity.”结合本段内容可知“作者在第三段提到原子来解释电是什么”。故选B。 2．词意猜测题。move移动；understand理解，领会；produce产生，制造；use使用。根据下文“A machine called a generator spins(旋转) rapidly. Water and wind can make a generator spin. So can motors fuelled by oil. As the generator spins, the electrons begin to move. As they move, they create an electric current.”可知此句“There are many ways to generate electricity.”句意是：有很多种发电方法。故“generate”意思是“产生，制造”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But for now, be careful about how much electricity you use. Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room. Every little bit helps.”可知作者同意“每个人都应该尽力节约用电”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了什么是电，以及发电有很多种方法。可知这篇文章最好的标题是《如何发电》。故选A。 B Electricity is an important part in our life. We can't see or touch it, but it is all around us. 46 But some people don't know that everyone should save electricity. When it is not completely dark, many street lamps (路灯) light up early in some streets of places. 47 Some people are sleeping with the lights on. They are all wrong. Here I make some suggestions about stopping these things. 1. 48 We light them from 7:00 p.m.-5:30 a.m. in summer, and from 5:30 p.m.-6:00 a.m. in winter. 2.If some small areas are very dark, just turn on a few lights. 3.The distance (距离) between street lamps can be 50-60 meters. 49 4.If there are some activities, we can make the lights bright, if there is no activity, lights needn't be too bright. 5. Ask people to save electricity through TV shows, newspapers, and so on. Electricity is a valuable resource (资源). It helps us live well and conveniently. 50 A. Our life will be terrible without electricity. B. It can save electricity and money. C. Turn on the street lamps on time. D. Some people don't turn off the lights when they leave the room. E. We should take action to save it at once! 【答案】ADCBE 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$