第7章 动词的语态-【高考零起点】2025年新高考英语总复习教用课件（艺考）

第七章　动词的语态 英语 一、基本概念 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，相当于中文中的“被”字句。 试对比“主动语态：He breaks the window.”与“被动语态：The window is broken by him.”。 被动语态的构成：be＋及物动词的过去分词。be 动词随着时态的变化而变化。 主动句改成被动句时，主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语，谓语改成被动形式，主语可以改成“by＋宾格形式”或是直接省略，其余成分不变。如： 第七章　动词的语态 We finished the task on time. 主 　谓　 　宾 我们按时完成了任务。 → The task was finished on time (by us)． 主　 　　谓　　　　　　　宾 任务被(我们)按时完成了。 第七章　动词的语态 二、各种时态的被动语态的构成 时态 be的变化形式＋ 及物动词的过去分词 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are done The student is asked to clean the classroom. 一般过去时 was/were done The task was finished yesterday. 一般将来时 will/shall be done The task will be finished in two months. 过去将来时 would be done She said that the task would be finished in time. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The room is being cleaned now. 第七章　动词的语态 注意：带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 时态 be的变化形式＋ 及物动词的过去分词 例句 过去进行时 was/were being done The wall was being painted when I passed by. 将来进行时 / / 现在完成时 have/has been done The task has already been finished. 现在完成进行时 / / 过去完成时 had been done The task had been finished before he came. 将来完成时 will/shall have been done The task will have been finished before 8 a．m. tomorrow. 第七章　动词的语态 答案 注意：带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 The task can be finished in time. 这项任务能及时完成。 【翻译】 他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时起就再也没被听说过。 His sister left home in 1998, and since then. 【答案】 has not been heard of 第七章　动词的语态 答案 三、主动形式表被动意义 (1)某些系动词，如 smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove, stay等，用主动形式表达被动意义，表示主语的状态和特征。如： Cotton feels soft. 棉摸起来很软。 【翻译】 你为什么不把肉放在冰箱里呢？那样会保质好几天。 Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days. 【答案】 stay 第七章　动词的语态 (2)某些不及物动词(其主语大多为事物)可以表达被动意义，这些不及物动词有下列几种： ① 某些可以用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词：shut, lock, open, move, read, write, sell, wear, blow, wash, clean, burn, catch, draw, peel, cut, tear, dry等，并通常接easily, well, perfectly等副词，或者与can't, won't连用。如： The door opens easily. 这扇门很容易开。 The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。 The door won't shut. 这扇门关不了。 ② 表开始、 运动、 结束的动词：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, run等。 School begins at 7：30 a．m. 学校上午7点半开始上课。 第七章　动词的语态 (3)在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表被动。如： English is hard to learn. 英语很难学。 (4)在be worth doing中，doing用主动形式表被动。如： This film is worth seeing twice. 这部电影值得看两遍。 (5)need doing/need to be done. 如： The watch needs repairing/to be repaired. 这块手表需要修理。 第七章　动词的语态 四、被动形式表示主动意义 be seated 坐着； be hidden 躲藏； be lost 迷路； be drunk 喝醉； be dressed 穿着； be lost in thought 陷入沉思； be addicted to 沉迷于； be buried in 专注(心); be used to习惯于； be married 结婚。 五、没有被动形式的单词或词组 take place, happen, break out, belong to, have, own 第七章　动词的语态 答案 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. This medicine __________(taste) terrible. I hate it. 2. In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Ox ____________(say) to be hard-working. 3. This book _________________(publish) in 1981. 4. The baby should ____________(take) good care of by the babysitter. 5. Visitors ________________(require) not to touch the exhibits. tastes are said was published be taken are required 第七章　动词的语态 答案 6. It is reported that a space station _________________(build) on the moon in years. 7. Tom keeps telling his students that the future ______________ (belong) to the well-educated. 8. Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information ___________ (send) by computer. 9. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we ________________(treat) well by our hosts. 10. John, as well as the other children who have no parents, __________________ (take) good care of in the city now. will be built belongs to is sent were treated is being taken 第七章　动词的语态 答案 11. This book _________(sell) well and is well worth ___________(read). 12. The boy ____________________(notice) stealing a bike by the police, so he was taken to the police station. 13. All the machines __________________________(clean) by the end of the following week. 14. These animals ____________________(hunt) at such a high speed that they will disappear soon. sells reading had been noticed will have been cleaned are being hunted 第七章　动词的语态 感谢聆听 $$