专题01 必修二 Unit 3～5 复习课件（考点串讲）- 2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

高一下学期·期中考点串讲 必修二 Unit3-Unit5 人教版 目 录 CONTENT Unit3-5 重点短语 语法精讲：现在完成时被动语态 语法精讲：过去分词作定语/宾补 语法精讲：过去分词作表语/状语 2 3 4 1 Unit 3 The Internet 一、重点短语 1. in shape状况良好；保持健康 2. for convenience为了方便 3. in company with sb和某人一起 4. for the benefit of为了……的利益 5. in the distance在远处 6. give access to准许进入(接近) 7. under pressure在压力下 8. in particular特别地；尤其=particularly 9. in that/this case在那种/这种情况下；既然那样/这样 Unit 3 The Internet 一、重点短语 10.keep track of掌握……的最新消息； 了解……的动态 11.give out分发；公布；发表；用尽 12.make trouble惹是生非 13.make fun of取笑；戏弄 14.share...with...与……分享…… 15.be/get familiar with熟悉/通晓…… 16.keep(...)in mind牢记 17.rather than而不是 18.build up逐步建立；增进，增强 19.be inspired by被……鼓舞 Unit 3 The Internet 二、用法精萃 1.write a blog post写一篇博文 2.use a search engine 使用搜索引擎 3.identity card 身份证 5.apply for work online在网上申请工作 6.chat online在线聊天 7.wait in line排队等候 8.quit her job辞了她的工作 9.out of work失业 10.download software下载软件 11.become a target for成为……的目标 12.take online classes上网课 13.go through tough times经历艰难时期 现在完成时被动语态 一、定义 从时态角度看，现在完成时的被动语态和主动语态一样，主要用来表达： ①过去动作对现在的影响; ②过去动作的持续; ③对过去历史的回顾。 二、用法 （1）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet, just, never, recently 等副词连用. 例：The problem has already been solved. 问题已经被解决了。（现在不再有困扰了） I have been told about that matter. 我已被告知那件事情了。（“我”现在已经知道了） 二、用法 （2） 表示一个被动的动作从过去开始一直持线到现在，并有可能持线下去。常与for 或since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long..?” 句型中。 例：Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 这家公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时 How long has this book been kept? 这本书已被借了多长时间？ 二、用法 （3）用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 例：Don't drink the water until it has been cooled. 在水凉下来之前不要喝。 You can watch TV as long as your homework has been finished. 你只要做完了作业就可以看电视。 特别注意： 常与现在完成时被动语态连用的时间状语： already 已经； yet已经； recently/lately 最近；since then从那时起；ever since 自那以來；ever 曾经；for a long time 很长一段时间；so far 迄今为止；by now 到现在为止； in recent years 在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last few years 在过去的几年里 语法专练 1.It is reported that countless cultural objects__________________ (steal) over the last couple of centuries. have been stolen 2. Thirty percent of air in the city _______________ (pollute) so far. has been polluted 2. A great deal of money______________________ (spend) in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week. has been spent 语法专练 4．A large amount of time __________________ (spend) on this project up to now. has been spent 5．Due to people’s fear of sharks, a number of sharks ________________ (kill) over the years. have been killed 6．Sheep, cows and pigs ________________ ( keep) as sources of food since 7000 years ago. have been kept Unit 4 History and Traditions 一、重点短语 1.join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2.break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱 3.belong to属于 4.as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5.refer to...as...把……称为…… 6. be similar to 和……相似 7.as to 关于；至于 8.be confused by 被……迷惑/弄糊涂 9.result in 导致；造成 Unit 4 History and Traditions 一、重点短语 10.leave behind 留下在那种/这种情况下； 既然那样/这样 11.have an influence on sth对……有影响 12.have a long history of有着……的悠久历史 13.a feast for the eyes一场视觉盛宴 14.(be) dotted with布满；点缀 15.make up组成 16.more than很；非常 17.be likely to do sth可能做某事 18.fix...on/upon 集中(目光、注意力等)于 19.be eager to do sth渴望做某事 20.in ruins 变成废墟；严重受损 Unit 4 History and Traditions 二、用法精萃 1.了解这座城市的文化能够帮助你深入地理解这座城市。(动名词短语作主语) Learning about the culture of the city can help you have a deep understanding of the city. 2.他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.（the way作先行词的定语从句） 过去分词作定语，宾补 一、分词的意义 过去分词表示被动，它与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 另外，现在分词和过去分词在具体的句子使用中还能够表示时态的不同。 一般来说，现在分词表示一般时态，或是进行时态；而过去分词表示一般时态，或是完成时态。 二、用法 （1）过去分词作定语在句中位置： 1)前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。 例：The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。 过去分词作定语 二、用法 (2)后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 过去分词作定语 三、意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。 例：He is a teacher respected by all. 他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系) The high building built last year is our library. 去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 (built表示被动和完成) 过去分词作定语 三、意义 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 例：The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。 过去分词作定语 二、用法 [名师点津]　 ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。 过去分词作定语 二、用法 [名师点津]　 ②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved？ 还有没有未解决的问题？ He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。 过去分词作定语 一、用法 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 ： 过去分词作宾补 一、用法 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 (3)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。 (4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (5)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 过去分词作宾补 一、用法 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。 (6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 (7)I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 过去分词作宾补 二、意义 (1)1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。 例：(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard； 例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 过去分词作宾补 二、意义 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 过去分词作宾补 三、注意情况 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 例：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。 如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 过去分词作宾补 三、注意情况 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。 例：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。 The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 过去分词作宾补 语法专练 1．The pianist____________ (surround) by a crowd of fans will hold a concert in the Workers’ Stadium. surrounded 2. The information _____________ (gather) from wide varieties of resources was completely useless. gathered 3．Surprised to see such a poorly____________ (dress) boy selling flowers, people would buy one or two. dressed 语法专练 4．Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house _________________. (repair) repaired 5. The students were excited to see their names ________ (publish) on the school website. published 6. Listen to the latest news report to keep yourself __________ (inform) of what is going on. informed Unit 5 Music 一、重点短语 1．together with　 和……一起 2．fall in love with    爱上 3．lead to        导致 4．on stage       舞台上 5．join in          参与 6．be absorbed in sth./sb.    被……吸引住；专心致志 7．set sth. up    安装好(设备或机器) 8．try out          参加……选拔(或试演) 9．in addition (to sb./sth.)   除……以外(还) Unit 5 Music 一、重点短语 10．from (then) on   从(那)时起 11．get through     (设法)处理；完成 12．concentrate on     专心于 13．turn out      结果是 14．pay off      还清；得到回报 Unit 5 Music 二、用法精萃 1. as if引导状语从句或表语从句 When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 当他全神贯注于自己的音乐世界时，他觉得自己仿佛能“看到”周围世界的美丽，就像他以前看到的那样。 Unit 5 Music 二、用法精萃 2. while引导时间状语从句 Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. 想象一下，当你独自一人在家时，有机会与数百名其他人一起唱歌。 Unit 5 Music 二、用法精萃 3. make＋宾语＋宾补 The virtual choir is a wonderful way for people around the world to sing with one voice and thus make the world a better place. 虚拟合唱团是世界各地人们异口同声唱歌的绝佳方式，从而使世界变得更美好。 Unit 5 Music 二、用法精萃 4. would rather do ...宁愿 做 Well, I'd rather play the violin. 嗯，我宁愿拉小提琴。 5. a time when ... 一段……的日子/时光 Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all？ 你有没有遇到过这样一个时刻：事情看起来很黑暗，你对一切都没有希望。 过去分词作表语，状语 一、分词的意义 过去分词表示被动，它与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 另外，现在分词和过去分词在具体的句子使用中还能够表示时态的不同。 一般来说，现在分词表示一般时态，或是进行时态；而过去分词表示一般时态，或是完成时态。 二、用法 （1） 过去分词作表语，总是位于系动词的后面，表语即说明主语的状态或特征。 例：They looked disappointed（失望的）. She was astonished（惊讶的） to hear what had happened. 过去分词作表语 常见的系动词有： 1.状态系动词：be 动词; 2.感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 3.变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 4.持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 5.表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 6.终止系动词：prove/ turn out (结果是，证明是) 过去分词作表语 二、意义 2）过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词。 (1) 表感受的过去分词常有：disappointed/excited/frightened/surprised/delighted/encouraged/interested/puzzled/worried/pleased… (2) 表状态类的过去分词常有:dressed (打扮好的), lost (迷路的), drunk (喝醉的), seated (就坐的), absorbed(全神贯注的), devoted (忠诚的) 过去分词作表语 二、用法 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 过去分词作状语 二、用法 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 过去分词作状语 二、用法 2. 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。(=The boy was touched by his teacher’s words, so he cried.) 过去分词作状语 二、用法 1. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.) 过去分词作状语 二、用法 4. 作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。 (= Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.) 过去分词作状语 二、用法 5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.) 过去分词作状语 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1) 从与主语的逻辑关系看，句子的主语是动作执行者，使用现在分词；句子的主语是动作承受者使用过去分词的。 过去分词作状语 Seeing the new bike, he jumped with joy. 看见了新自行车，他高兴地跳了起来。(he做了see这个动作) Seen from here，the picture appears beautiful indeed. 在这里看，这张画确实很美丽。(画是被看的) 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 2)从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念，而与现在分词的一-般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。 过去分词作状语 Arriving there, they found the boy ill. 他们到那时发现男孩病了。 (arriving与found同时发生) Hearing the noise outside, he rushed out.听到外面的吵闹声，他冲了出去。 (hear和rush几乎同时发生) Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完了作业，他出去了。(finish先于went) 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small. 从山顶上看，城市看上去很小。 (seen不表示完成，也不强调正在进行，只表示被动) Explained many times (= Having been explained many times) ，he understood what to do in the end. 给他解释了好多次了，他终于知道该做什么了。 (Explain与句子的主语是被动的，而且在谓语动作understood之前完成， 可以用过去分词表示，相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式， 但是后者Having been explained更强调已经完成。) 过去分词作状语 语法专练 1．Just days before the game, Jack’s ankle got seriously ________________ (injure) and Louis was asked to take his place. injured 2． ________________ (attach) to the email is a copy of document bearing her signature. Attached 语法专练 3． ______ (inspire) by some wonderful teachers during his early school years, Zhang Tian decided to teach where he was needed the most. Inspired 4． __________ (trap) under the ruins, the survivors tried every possible means to make themselves heard. Trapped 语法专练 5． DeepSeek is a pioneering AI company founded in July 2023, ________ (devote) to the development of advanced large language models. devoted 6．__________ (attract) by the idea of going abroad for further study, I have made up my mind to improve my spoken English. Attracted 7．_____________ (determine) to get a ticket of the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue. Determined Thanks for listening 人教版 $$