内容正文:
2024-2025学年湘鲁版小学英语六年级下册
(全册)知识点归纳
目录
Unit 1 There are four seasons in a year.
Unit 2 Is she your mum's favourite singer?
Unit 3 Who was she?
Unit 4 We went on a science field trip
Unit 5 We are going to learn about Chinese festivals.
Review 1
Unit 6 I danced on Children's Day last year.
Unit 7 Can you see the lightning?
Unit 8 We will be in a junior middle school
Unit 9 China is a great country!
Unit 10 Goodbye to all our friends
Review 2
1、 语法知识梳理
(1) There be 句型的拓展运用
1. 不同时态下的 There be 句型
在 Unit 1 There are four seasons in a year 中,运用一般现在时的 There be 句型描述客观存在,如 There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四个季节。在表达过去某个时间存在的事物时,需使用 There be 句型的一般过去时,即 There was/were。其中,was 是 is 的过去式,were 是 are 的过去式。例如,There was a park here ten years ago. 十年前这里有一个公园。而在描述将来某个时间会存在的事物时,使用 There be 句型的一般将来时,结构为 There will be 或 There is/are going to be。如 There will be a sports meeting next week. 下周将有一场运动会。There is going to be a new library in our school. 我们学校将有一座新图书馆。
2. There be 句型的特殊疑问句
对 There be 句型中的主语进行提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,一般都用 “What’s + 地点状语?” 的结构。例如,There is a book on the desk. 对 “a book” 提问,应为 What’s on the desk? 如果要对数量进行提问,当主语是可数名词时,用 “How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语?”;当主语是不可数名词时,用 “How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?”。如 There are five books on the desk. 对 “five” 提问,How many books are there on the desk?
(2) 一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
1. 一般过去时
在 Unit 4 We went on a science field trip 和 Unit 6 I danced on Children's Day last year 中,大量使用一般过去时描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday、last week、last year、two days ago 等。其构成是在动词原形后加 -ed(不规则动词需特殊记忆,如 go - went,do - did,have - had)。例如,We went to the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天去了动物园。She had breakfast at seven this morning. 她今天早上七点吃的早餐。
2. 现在完成时
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成是 “have/has + 过去分词”,当主语是第三人称单数时用 has,其他人称用 have。过去分词的变化规则与动词过去式类似,规则动词在词尾加 -ed,不规则动词需特殊记忆。现在完成时常与 already(已经,用于肯定句)、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等时间状语连用。例如,I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?
3. 两者辨析
一般过去时只强调过去发生的动作,与现在没有联系;而现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。试比较:I saw the film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。(只说明昨天看电影这一过去的动作)I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影了。(强调现在知道电影的内容,过去看电影的动作对现在造成了影响)
(3) 一般将来时的多种表达
1. will + 动词原形
这是最常见的一般将来时表达,常用来表示临时决定、预测未来或表达意愿。在 Unit 8 We will be in a junior middle school 和 Unit 5 We are going to learn about Chinese festivals 中均有运用。例如,I will go to the park tomorrow. 我明天将去公园。He will help you if you ask him. 如果你向他求助,他会帮你的。
2. be going to + 动词原形
该结构通常表示事先经过考虑的计划、打算,或者根据某种迹象预测即将发生的事情。如 We are going to have a party this weekend. 我们这个周末打算举办一场派对。Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。
3. 现在进行时表将来
一些表示位置移动的动词,如 go、come、leave、start 等,可用现在进行时表示将来的计划或安排。例如,The train is leaving soon. 火车马上就要开了。She is coming to see me next week. 她下周要来看我。
2、 词汇分类复习
(1) 自然与季节类
1. 季节词汇:spring(春天)、summer(夏天)、autumn(秋天,美式英语为 fall)、winter(冬天)。在描述不同季节的特点、活动时会频繁使用,如 In spring, the grass turns green and the flowers come out. 春天,草变绿了,花儿开了。
2. 自然现象词汇:lightning(闪电)、thunder(雷声)、rain(雨;下雨)、snow(雪;下雪)、wind(风)、cloud(云)。在 Unit 7 Can you see the lightning? 中学习了相关表达,如 We can see the lightning and hear the thunder during a thunderstorm. 我们在雷雨中能看到闪电,听到雷声。
(2) 人物与职业类
1. 人物称呼:mum(妈妈)、dad(爸爸)、sister(姐妹)、brother(兄弟)、teacher(老师)、friend(朋友)。在日常交流和写作中用于称呼和介绍人物,如 My sister is a student. 我妹妹是一名学生。
2. 职业词汇:singer(歌手)、writer(作家)、doctor(医生)、nurse(护士)、policeman(男警察)、policewoman(女警察)。在 Unit 2 Is she your mum's favourite singer? 等单元涉及,如 My favourite singer is Jay Chou. 我最喜欢的歌手是周杰伦。
(3) 旅行与活动类
1. 旅行相关:field trip(实地考察旅行)、visit(参观;拜访)、travel(旅行)、go on a trip(去旅行)。在 Unit 4 We went on a science field trip 中出现,如 We went on a field trip to the museum last month. 我们上个月去博物馆实地考察旅行了。
2. 活动词汇:dance(跳舞)、sing(唱歌)、play games(玩游戏)、have a party(举办派对)。在描述节日或聚会活动时常用,如 I danced on Children’s Day last year. 我去年儿童节跳舞了。
(4) 节日与文化类
1. 中国节日:Spring Festival(春节)、Lantern Festival(元宵节)、Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)、Mid - Autumn Festival(中秋节)。在 Unit 5 We are going to learn about Chinese festivals 中详细学习,如 We eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. 我们在春节期间吃饺子。
2. 文化词汇:country(国家)、culture(文化)、history(历史)。在描述国家文化和历史时会用到,如 China has a long history and rich culture. 中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
(5) 学校与教育类
1. 学校设施:school(学校)、classroom(教室)、library(图书馆)、playground(操场)。在介绍学校环境时使用,如 Our school has a big library. 我们学校有一个大图书馆。
2. 学习相关:learn(学习)、study(学习;研究)、science(科学)、maths(数学)、Chinese(语文;汉语)、English(英语)。如 We are going to learn about Chinese festivals. 我们打算学习中国节日。
3、 话题知识巩固
(1) Seasons and Weather 季节与天气
1.常用表达
1. What’s your favourite season? 你最喜欢的季节是什么?
1. My favourite season is... 我最喜欢的季节是……
1. What’s the weather like in...? …… 的天气怎么样?
1. It’s... in... 在…… 天气是……
1. I can... in... 在…… 我可以……
1.写作练习
写作时,可先表明自己最喜欢的季节,接着描述该季节的天气特点,列举在这个季节能进行的活动,最后说明喜欢的原因。例如:
My Favourite Season
My favourite season is summer. The weather is hot and sunny in summer. The sun shines brightly, and the sky is blue. During summer vacation, I can go swimming in the pool. It’s really cool and relaxing. I can also eat lots of delicious ice - cream. What’s more, I can go on a trip with my family. I love summer because it brings me so much fun.
(2) People 人物
1.常用表达
1. Who’s...? …… 是谁?
1. He/She is... 他 / 她是……
1. What does he/she do? 他 / 她是做什么的?
1. He/She is a... 他 / 她是一名……
1. Is he/she...? 他 / 她是…… 吗?
1. Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t. 是的,他 / 她是。/ 不,他 / 她不是。
1.写作练习
写作时,可先介绍人物的基本信息,如姓名、年龄、职业,再描述人物的外貌、性格特点,讲述与人物相关的一件事,最后表达对该人物的看法或感受。例如:
My Favourite Teacher
My favourite teacher is Miss Li. She is our English teacher. She is about thirty years old. Miss Li is tall and thin with long hair. She is very kind and always wears a smile on her face. In class, she makes her lessons lively and interesting. She often tells us funny stories and plays games with us. Last week, I didn’t feel well in class. She took me to the school clinic at once. I’m really lucky to have such a good teacher. I like her very much.
(3) Trips and Activities 旅行与活动
1.常用表达
1. Where did you go? 你去哪儿了?
1. I went to... 我去了……
1. What did you do there? 你在那儿做了什么?
1. We/They... 我们 / 他们……
1. Are you going to...? 你打算…… 吗?
1. Yes, I am./No, I’m not. 是的,我打算。/ 不,我不打算。
1.写作练习
以过去的旅行为题时,可按时间顺序描述旅行的经历,包括出发时间、目的地、在那里做的事情、旅行的感受等。以将来的旅行为题时,可介绍旅行计划,如去哪里、怎么去、打算做什么等。例如:
A Wonderful Trip
Last summer, I went to Beijing with my parents. We went there by train. Beijing is a big and beautiful city with a long history. On the first day, we visited the Great Wall. It’s really long and amazing. We took many photos there. The next day, we went to the Forbidden City. We saw lots of ancient buildings. We also ate a lot of delicious food, like Beijing duck. We had a great time in Beijing. I hope to visit it again someday.
(4) Festivals 节日
1.常用表达
1. What’s your favourite festival? 你最喜欢的节日是什么?
1. My favourite festival is... 我最喜欢的节日是……
1. When is...? …… 是什么时候?
1. It’s in... 它在…… 月。
1. What do you do during...? 你在…… 期间做什么?
1. We... 我们……
1.写作练习
写作时,可先点明最喜欢的节日,介绍节日的时间,描述节日的传统习俗,如吃什么食物、进行什么活动等,最后表达对该节日的喜爱之情。例如:
My Favourite Festival
My favourite festival is the Spring Festival. It’s the most important festival in China. It usually comes in January or February. Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, buy new clothes and prepare delicious food. On New Year’s Eve, families get together and have a big dinner. We eat dumplings, which means good luck. After dinner, we watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. During the festival, we visit our relatives and friends. Children can get red envelopes with money in them. I love the Spring Festival because it makes the family closer and full of happiness.
(5) Future Plans 未来计划
1.常用表达
1. What are you going to do in the future? 你将来打算做什么?
1. I’m going to... 我打算……
1. Where will you be...? 你…… 将在哪里?
1. I will be... 我将在……
1. What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想成为什么?
1. I want to be a... 我想成为一名……
1.写作练习
写作时,可先谈谈对未来的期待,接着介绍自己在学习、生活等方面的计划,如想上哪所学校、想从事什么职业,最后表达对未来的信心。例如:
My Future Plans
I’m looking forward to my future. In the coming year, I’m going to study harder to get better grades. I want to enter a good middle school. After graduating from middle school, I hope to go to a famous high school. When I grow up, I want to be a doctor. I think doctors can help many people and save their lives. To make my dream come true, I will work hard from now on. I’m sure I can have a bright future.
(6) Graduation and Farewell 毕业与告别
1.常用表达
1. We will graduate soon. 我们很快就要毕业了。
1. I’ll miss... 我会想念……
1. Thank you for... 谢谢你……
1. Good luck to you! 祝你好运!
1. Hope to see you again. 希望再次见到你。
1.写作练习
写作时,可回忆在学校的美好时光,如参加过的活动、结识的朋友、老师的帮助等,表达对学校、老师和同学的感激与不舍之情,最后送上对未来的祝福。例如:
Goodbye to My School
Time flies! We will graduate from primary school soon. Looking back on the past six years, I have so many wonderful memories. I remember we had a sports meeting every year. We cheered for each other and worked hard as a team. My teachers were very kind. They taught us not only knowledge but also how to be a good person. My classmates were like brothers and sisters to me. We helped each other and had a lot of fun together. I’m really grateful to my school, teachers and classmates. I’ll miss all of them. I hope everyone has a bright future.
4、 综合题型练习
(1) 听力部分
1. 题型分析
听力部分常见题型有听句子选图片、听对话或短文选择正确答案、听短文判断正误、听短文填空等。听句子选图片题,通过播放描述物品、场景、动作等的句子,要求学生从给定图片中选择相符的图片。听对话或短文选择正确答案题,围绕日常话题、旅行经历、节日活动等内容展开,学生需抓住关键信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件及观点态度等,进行推理和判断。听短文判断正错题,考查学生对短文细节的理解和把握。听短文填空题,要求学生根据听到的短文内容,填写缺失的单词或短语。
2. 解题技巧
听力开始前,快速浏览题目和选项,预测听力内容,明确听的重点。听句子选图片时,迅速浏览图片,抓住图片的关键特征,如人物的动作、表情,物品的形状、颜色等,听时将关键词与图片特征匹配。听对话或短文选择正确答案时,提前阅读问题和选项,圈出关键词,听时留意对话或短文的细节,进行合理推理。听短文判断正错题,提前浏览题目,划出关键词,听时关注关键词的变化,判断句子与听力内容是否一致。听短文填空题,提前了解短文的大致内容,预测所填单词的词性和形式,听时注意捕捉关键信息,准确填写。
(2) 笔试部分
1. 选择题
选择题考查语音、词汇、语法、句型和日常交际用语等多个方面。语音题给出几组单词,要求选择划线部分发音不同的选项,学生需掌握字母及字母组合的发音规则。词汇题考查单词的词义辨析、固定搭配和用法,如 “I’m looking forward to _____ from you. (A. hear B. hearing C. hears)”,这里涉及 look forward to doing sth. 的固定搭配,应选 B。语法和句型题考查句子结构、时态、语态等语法规则,如 “He _____ (go) to school by bike every day. But yesterday he _____ (go) by bus.”,第一空是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,用 goes;第二空是一般过去时,用 went。日常交际用语题考查学生在不同情境下的正确回应,如 “Would you like some coffee? (A. Yes, please. B. No, I don’t. C. Yes, I like.)”,正确答案是 A。
2. 填空题
填空题包括单词拼写、用所给词的适当形式填空和根据汉语提示填空等类型。单词拼写题给出句子,其中某个单词缺失,提供首字母或汉语提示,如 “I like a_____ because the leaves turn yellow and the weather is cool.”,根据句子意思和首字母,应填 autumn。用所给词的适当形式填空考查语法知识,如 在 “The boy _____ (read) a book when his mother came back” 中,when 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,强调另一个动作正在进行,所以主句应用过去进行时,答案为 was reading。根据汉语提示填空,如 “We should protect the _____ (环境).”,这里应填写 “environment”。做填空题时,需仔细分析句子结构,结合语法规则、固定搭配以及上下文语境,确定所填单词的正确形式。
3. 阅读理解
阅读理解题一般包含多种体裁的文章,如记叙文、说明文和应用文等,题型有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要求学生在文中找到与题目相关的具体信息,如 “Where did they go last weekend?” 学生需定位到描述周末活动的段落寻找答案。推理判断题需要学生根据文章所给信息进行合理推断,比如文章提到 “The ground is wet”,问题可能是 “What happened last night?”,学生可推断出昨晚可能下雨了。词义猜测题,学生要通过上下文的逻辑关系、定义解释、举例等线索来猜测生词的含义。主旨大意题旨在考查学生对文章整体内容的理解,要求学生归纳文章的中心思想,常见的提问方式有 “What’s the main idea of the passage?”。解题时,学生应先快速通读全文,了解文章的大致内容,再带着问题有针对性地阅读,对于较难理解的文章,可多通读几遍,梳理文章的脉络。
4. 写作题
写作题要求学生根据给定的话题或提示,完成一篇短文写作。写作前,学生要认真审题,明确写作要求,确定文章的体裁、人称和时态。以 “My Weekend” 为例,这通常是一篇记叙文,采用第一人称,描述过去的周末经历用一般过去时。写作过程中,要合理组织文章结构,开头引出话题,中间详细描述事件的经过,结尾总结感受或收获。运用丰富的词汇和多样的句型,能提升文章的质量,如描述天气时,不要只用 “It was sunny”,还可使用 “The sun shone brightly” 等表达方式。写完后,要仔细检查语法错误、单词拼写错误以及标点符号的使用,确保文章语句通顺、逻辑清晰。
5、 趣味学习方法
5. 英语歌曲助力学习
英语歌曲不仅节奏欢快,还包含丰富的英语知识。在复习自然与季节类词汇时,可听《Seasons in the Sun》,歌曲中 “Goodbye to you, my trusted friend” 等歌词搭配旋律,能帮助学生加深对词汇和句子的记忆,同时培养语感。学习旅行相关内容时,《Country Road》描绘了美丽的旅途风光,学生在欣赏歌曲的同时,能学到 “take me home” 等实用表达。
6. 英语游戏激发兴趣
和同学一起玩 “英语单词接龙” 游戏,用上一个单词的最后一个字母作为下一个单词的首字母进行接龙,如 “cat” 之后可接 “toy”。这个游戏能有效扩大词汇量,提升反应速度。还可以玩 “英语情景对话角色扮演” 游戏,设定如购物、旅行、聚会等场景,学生扮演不同角色进行对话,锻炼口语表达能力,加深对日常交际用语的理解。
7. 英语故事拓展思维
鼓励学生阅读或创作英语故事。阅读如《小王子》《夏洛的网》等简单的英文原著,能让学生接触到地道的英语表达,增强对英语文化的理解。创作英语故事时,学生可结合所学知识,发挥想象力,将零散的知识点串联起来,如围绕旅行主题创作故事,融入旅行相关的词汇和句型,既提升语言组织能力,又加深对知识的记忆。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$