精品解析：陕西省陕西师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期收心考试英语试题

陕西师大附中高2026 届高二第二学期初考 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will Luke do next? A. Cook a meal. B Go to the office. C. Hand in a report. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. Two fellow workers. B. The man’s job. C. A marketing project. 3. How will the woman go to Melbourne? A. By car. B. By train. C By air. 4. Where are probably the speakers? A. At a store. B. At home. C. At a cinema. 5. What does the woman plan to do? A. Set up a family. B. Join a new company. C Open a restaurant. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is the package from.. A Betty. B. Mary. C. Jason. 7. Where will the speakers place the gift just received? A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does Kate think of writing letters? A. It’s convenient. B. It’s enjoyable. Č. It’s old-fashioned. 9. What will the man probably do? A. Pay the bill. B. Send a postcard. C. Check his mailbox. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Giving a lecture. B. Hosting a program. C. Chairing a meeting. 11. What made Robert want to become an astronomer? A His parents’ encouragement. B. His experiences in big cities. C. His curiosity about the stars. 12. Why does Robert put forward the suggestion? A. To reduce light pollution. B. To keep the ground clean. C. To cut energy consumption. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Who influenced Elena greatly in her career choice? A. Her brother. B. Her father. C. Her teacher. 14. Why did Elena quit her first job? A. She found it boring. B. She was poorly paid. C. She felt stressed. 15. What difficulty did Elena face as an assistant coach? A. Balancing study and training. B. Writing technical instructions. C. Handling doubts over her ability. 16. What does Elena plan to do next? A. Start a training program. B Work with a team in England. C. Look for promising soccer players. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did Monica love doing when she was a child? A. Reading storybooks. B. Playing baseball. C. Taking dance lessons. 18. What was Monica’s major in college? A. Journalism. B. History. C. English. 19. What did Monica do right after graduation? A. She began travelling. B She became a teacher. C. She launched a newspaper. 20. Where does Monica work now? A. In China. B. In Australia. C. In Canada. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Research Participants Wanted For cigarette smoking research Healthy men and women who smoke cigarettes and are 18 to 35 years old are needed for the research which tests factors influencing smoking behavior. Participation involves an in-person three-hour screening (筛查) visit. People who are qualified and are interested in joining the study will make additional nine in-person visits lasting four hours each. Morning, afternoon, and evening times are available for in-person visits. You will be paid up to $975 for completing the entire study. For more information, call 443-408-8296. Principal Investigator (PI): Matthew Johnson, PhD For taste preference research Male volunteers with a BMI (体重指数) greater than 25 are needed for this study on the East Baltimore campus. By the way the WHO regards an adult BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 as the normal range. The study involves completing questionnaires and doing food selection tasks. Compensation (补偿) is $50 for completing two in-person visits. PI: Dr. Kimberly Smith Contact: Sarah Guo, sguo50@jhmi.edu For a paid study on spatial perception (空间感知) Researchers require you to either respond to a line on a screen or touch a bar. The volunteers should: be at age 18～75, be in good health, and can see a screen at a distance of 4.5 feet without glasses. For more information, email the lab at vorlab@jhu.edu. PI: Amir Kheradmand For a VR arm-reaching study Participants are wanted for this study at Kennedy Krieger Institute called Feed the Bird. At the Motion Analysis Laboratory, they’ll wear a VR headset, and the game involves lifting a virtual plate up toward a virtual bird, while we track the movements of participants’ arms. Participants will receive $15 in compensation for their 45-minute participation. For further information, contact Rini Varghese at rvarghe9@jhmi.edu or Sam Balter at BalterS@kennedykrieger.org. PI: Amy J. Bastian 1. How much time should one devote to Matthew’s research to get compensation? A. At least 39 hours. B. At least 9 hours. C. Around 36 hours. D. Around 7 hours. 2. What can we know about the taste preference research? A It pays participants $25 each hour. B. It welcomes overweight males as subjects. C. It involves teaching volunteers to select food wisely. D. It asks participants to complete questionnaires online. 3. How can you get more details about Feed the Bird? A. By emailing Sarah Guo at sguo50@jhmi.edu. B. By contacting Sam Balter at vorlab@jhu.edu. C. By sending emails to rvarghe9@jhmi.edu. D. By calling Rini Varghese at 443-408-8296. B For children, gifts are usually one of the most exciting parts of Christmas. While opening presents is thrilling, some kids find happiness in giving rather than receiving. For 12-year-old Jonathan Werner, this is certainly the case. Learning that his father grew up in the foster (领养) system and didn’t have much of a Christmas, Werner from Minnesota decided to prepare gifts and basic supplies for children in foster families and domestic violence shelters in four counties. To do so, Werner sold bags of flavored popcorn and chocolate-coated pretzels (双圈饼干) , setting a table by the entrance of big stores during the fall. “I’m proud of what he chose to do and the number of people that he can reach with this project,” his dad, Steven Kolk, told Good Morning America. After selling over $56,000 in popcorn, he headed to multiple stores to pick gifts for 138 children. He chose his presents based on letters from the children and lists that social workers shared with him. “He reads every kid’s letter and tries to find something he thinks they are specifically going to like,” Werner’s mother said. This year, he bought over 60,000 presents, from clothes to Barbie dolls and LEGO sets. He estimated the total to be around $11,300. Once the shopping was done, he set up a gift-wrapping workshop at home. His family and other community members came to help him. “I just want to bring happiness to kids and make their day at Christmas. They are deserved to be loved and appreciated,” said Werner, whose goal is to get Christmas gifts for every foster child in Minnesota. His project has even sparked more good deeds among his neighbors. “I’ve also seen it inspire other people in the community, so it’s really special. It really brings a tear to my eye and makes me feel like he’s really making a difference for people,” Werner’s mother shared. 4. Jonathan Werner decided to buy gifts for children in foster families when ______. A. he visited the children in foster families B. he learned the environment his father grew up in C. he knew his father didn’t receive any gift as a child D. he knew many families didn’t give children gifts at Christmas 5. How did Werner make money to buy presents and supplies? A. By working at the big shops. B. By launching a donation activity. C. By raising money from his family. D. By selling snacks at the entrance of big shops. 6. In what way did Werner know children’s preferences? A. He made a questionnaire. B. He asked children what they liked one by one. C. He and social workers conducted a survey on children. D. He read children’s letters and the lists given by social workers. 7. Why did Werner carry out the project? A. To make children happy. B. To make her father happy. C. To find happiness in giving. D. To inspire more people to do good deeds. C Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 8. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 9. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 10. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 11. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. D Astronomers have discovered a six-pack of planets, formed at least 4 billion years ago and remarkably unchanged since, orbiting a nearby sun-like star. The new planets could provide a breakthrough in the understanding of how planets form and why there are so many between the sizes of Earth and Neptune (海王星) , a kind known as “sub Neptunes” that is strikingly common in our galaxy (银河系) . These newfound worlds are hot, full of gas and unlikely to be pleasant places to visit. Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system. Therefore, the hunt for Earth 2.0 goes on. But what makes these planets unusual, in addition to their large number, is that they are locked into a resonance (共振) with one another as they orbit the star. One planet, for example, will make precisely three orbits while a neighbouring planet makes two. “This resonance is very rare in nature,” lead author Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in a webinar Tuesday with reporters. This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that. The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance — for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star — for billions of years. In this case, the planets formed with their parent star from a cloud of gas and dust and relatively quickly found their resonant orbits. And then nothing exciting happened to change that. This unusual orbital pattern is clear in the title of the new paper: “A resonant sub-Neptune passing the bright star HD 110067.” “Occasionally, nature reveals an absolute treasure,” Sara Seager, s professor of planetary science at MIT and a co-author of the new paper, said in an email. “HD 110067 is an immediate astronomical discovery — offering a key system to help unlock some mysteries of planet formation and evolution.” 12. Why should the hunt for Earth 2.0 go on according to the passage? A. The new-found planets are “sub Neptunes” that are too big. B. The new-found planets are orbiting a star different from the sun. C. The new-found planets are not suitable for human beings to live on. D. The new-found planets formed at least 4 billion years ago and changed significantly. 13. Which of the following is not the special aspect of these six planets? A. Their two-by-three orbital pattern. B. Their being controlled by mathematics. C. Their not having suffered great disturbance. D. Their being stable and unchanged since they were formed. 14. Why did the new-found planets form this two-by-three orbital pattern? A. A cloud of gas and dust found their orbit quickly. B. Their parent star formed before a disastrous impact. C. Another star passed the planets for billions of years. D. The whole planet set was not disturbed from the beginning. 15. What is the best title for the article? A. The Search for Earth 2.0 Continues B. Resonant Planets Don’t Welcome Humans C. The Discovery of “sub Neptunes” in Universe D. Unlocking the Mysteries of Planet Formation with HD 110067 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____16____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____17____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____18____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____19____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____20____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ___21___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ___22___ their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___23___ that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) and then discover it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___24___ in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a particular colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___25___. I remember the first really ___26___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ___27___ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ___28___ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ___29___ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat ___30___, and since she’ d found it too much to cope with, she’ d taken it out on other people. That taught me a valuable ___31___ and I pass it on to the people who work in the market. Don’t take it ___32___. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’ s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not well.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ___33___. If you do, you won’t be able to ___34___ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ___35___ everyone’s day. 21. A. receptionists B. salespersons C. shopkeepers D. customers 22 A. replying B. saying C. pretending D. guessing 23. A. wasted B. imagine C. swear D. promise 24. A. goods B. foods C. catalogues D. belongings 25. A. changing B. smiling C. fighting D. waiting 26. A. careless B. generous C. difficult D. polite 27. A. patient with B. uncertain about C. curious about D. displeased with 28. A. surprised B. embarrassed C. relaxed D. delighted 29. A. argued B. prayed C. apologized D. searched 30. A. on duty B. on purpose C. by chance D. by herself 31. A. skill B. lesson C. trade D. trick 32. A. personally B. casually C. kindly D. secretly 33. A. above the law B. out of sight C. behind the scene D. in the way 34. A. blame B. stress C. handle D. expect 35. A. saves B. ruins C. makes D. starts 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is characterized by its diverse types of traditional operas. Kunqu Opera, one of the ____36____ (old) traditional opera forms still ____37____ (perform) in China, was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. It ____38____ (list) as one of the masterpieces of the oral and intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2001. Combining songs, graceful body movements, martial arts and dance, Kunqu uses a seemingly endless ____39____ (various) of gestures to express emotions. Like many traditional Chinese art forms, Kunqu has been faced ____40____ competition from mass culture and a lack of interest among young people. But the recognition by UNESCO made it possible for Kunqu Opera ____41____ (experience) a revival. Some artists noted that Kunqu Opera pieces are ____42____ (close) linked with Chinese literature and the best-known one is The Peony Pavilion, ____43____ was written by Ming Dynasty playwright Tang Xianzu. When ____44____ “youth version” (青春版) of The Peony Pavilion was put on at universities across China, it gained great popularity among young people. One of the actresses received a note from an audience member after the show, ____45____ (tell) her how beautiful she was on stage and how beautiful Kunqu was. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是高中生李华，你从校园网上得知，初中部将聘请美国的5名教师3月份利用周末给初一学生培训口语，计划招10名高中生助教。请你根据以下要点提示，写封邮件提出申请。要求包含以下内容： 1.自我介绍；2.申请理由； 3.希望获批。 注意： 1.词数80词左右；2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯； 3.邮件的开头已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, I have learned 10 teaching assistants for foreign teachers are wanted in your school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 陕西师大附中高2026 届高二第二学期初考 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will Luke do next? A. Cook a meal. B Go to the office. C. Hand in a report. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. Two fellow workers. B. The man’s job. C. A marketing project. 3. How will the woman go to Melbourne? A. By car. B. By train. C By air. 4. Where are probably the speakers? A. At a store. B. At home. C. At a cinema. 5. What does the woman plan to do? A. Set up a family. B. Join a new company. C Open a restaurant. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is the package from.. A Betty. B. Mary. C. Jason. 7. Where will the speakers place the gift just received? A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does Kate think of writing letters? A. It’s convenient. B. It’s enjoyable. Č. It’s old-fashioned. 9. What will the man probably do? A. Pay the bill. B. Send a postcard. C. Check his mailbox. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the woman doing? A. Giving a lecture. B. Hosting a program. C. Chairing a meeting. 11. What made Robert want to become an astronomer? A. His parents’ encouragement. B. His experiences in big cities. C. His curiosity about the stars. 12. Why does Robert put forward the suggestion? A. To reduce light pollution. B. To keep the ground clean. C. To cut energy consumption. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Who influenced Elena greatly in her career choice? A. Her brother. B. Her father. C. Her teacher. 14. Why did Elena quit her first job? A. She found it boring. B. She was poorly paid. C. She felt stressed. 15. What difficulty did Elena face as an assistant coach? A. Balancing study and training. B. Writing technical instructions. C. Handling doubts over her ability. 16. What does Elena plan to do next? A. Start a training program. B Work with a team in England. C. Look for promising soccer players. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did Monica love doing when she was a child? A. Reading storybooks. B. Playing baseball. C. Taking dance lessons. 18. What was Monica’s major in college? A. Journalism. B. History. C. English. 19. What did Monica do right after graduation? A. She began travelling. B She became a teacher. C. She launched a newspaper. 20. Where does Monica work now? A. In China. B. In Australia. C. In Canada. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Research Participants Wanted For cigarette smoking research Healthy men and women who smoke cigarettes and are 18 to 35 years old are needed for the research which tests factors influencing smoking behavior. Participation involves an in-person three-hour screening (筛查) visit. People who are qualified and are interested in joining the study will make additional nine in-person visits lasting four hours each. Morning, afternoon, and evening times are available for in-person visits. You will be paid up to $975 for completing the entire study. For more information, call 443-408-8296. Principal Investigator (PI): Matthew Johnson, PhD For taste preference research Male volunteers with a BMI (体重指数) greater than 25 are needed for this study on the East Baltimore campus. By the way, the WHO regards an adult BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 as the normal range. The study involves completing questionnaires and doing food selection tasks. Compensation (补偿) is $50 for completing two in-person visits. PI: Dr. Kimberly Smith Contact: Sarah Guo, sguo50@jhmi.edu For a paid study on spatial perception (空间感知) Researchers require you to either respond to a line on a screen or touch a bar. The volunteers should: be at age 18～75, be in good health, and can see a screen at a distance of 4.5 feet without glasses. For more information, email the lab at vorlab@jhu.edu. PI: Amir Kheradmand For a VR arm-reaching study Participants are wanted for this study at Kennedy Krieger Institute called Feed the Bird. At the Motion Analysis Laboratory, they’ll wear a VR headset, and the game involves lifting a virtual plate up toward a virtual bird, while we track the movements of participants’ arms. Participants will receive $15 in compensation for their 45-minute participation. For further information, contact Rini Varghese at rvarghe9@jhmi.edu or Sam Balter at BalterS@kennedykrieger.org. PI: Amy J. Bastian 1. How much time should one devote to Matthew’s research to get compensation? A. At least 39 hours. B. At least 9 hours. C. Around 36 hours. D. Around 7 hours. 2. What can we know about the taste preference research? A. It pays participants $25 each hour. B. It welcomes overweight males as subjects. C. It involves teaching volunteers to select food wisely. D. It asks participants to complete questionnaires online. 3. How can you get more details about Feed the Bird? A. By emailing Sarah Guo at sguo50@jhmi.edu. B. By contacting Sam Balter at vorlab@jhu.edu. C. By sending emails to rvarghe9@jhmi.edu. D. By calling Rini Varghese at 443-408-8296. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四项研究活动的自愿参与者招募信息，包括研究的内容、条件、时间安排要求以及对应的补偿金额。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For cigarette smoking research”部分中的“ Participation involves an in-person three-hour screening (筛查) visit. People who are qualified and are interested in joining the study will make additional nine in-person visits lasting four hours each.(参与包括一次面对面的三小时筛查访问。符合条件且有兴趣参加研究的人员将进行额外的九次面对面访问，每次持续四小时。)”可知，参加Matthew的研究需要一次三小时的筛查访问和九次每次四小时的访问，总共是3+9*4=39小时，所以想要获得报酬，一个人应该至少投入39小时的时间在Matthew的研究上。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For taste preference research”部分中的“Male volunteers with a BMI (体重指数) greater than 25 are needed for this study on the East Baltimore campus. By the way, the WHO regards an adult BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 as the normal range. The study involves completing questionnaires and doing food selection tasks. Compensation (补偿) is $50 for completing two in-person visits.(这项在东巴尔的摩校区的研究需要BMI大于25的男性志愿者。顺便说一下，世界卫生组织认为成年人的身体质量指数在18.5到24.9之间是正常范围。这项研究包括完成问卷调查和选择食物的任务。完成两次面对面访问的补偿为50美元。)”可知，关于味觉偏好的研究欢迎超重男性作为实验对象，研究需要完成问卷调查和选择食物的任务，完成两次面对面访问参与者可获得50美元补偿。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For a VR arm-reaching study”部分中的“Participants are wanted for this study at Kennedy Krieger Institute called Feed the Bird.(肯尼迪克里格研究所正在招募这项名为‘喂鸟’的研究的参与者。)”以及“For further information, contact Rini Varghese at rvarghe9@jhmi.edu or Sam Balter at BalterS@kennedykrieger.org.(如需更多信息，请联系Rini Varghese，邮箱为rvarghe9@jhmi.edu，或Sam Balter，邮箱为BalterS@kennedykrieger.org。)”可知，可以通过向rvarghe9@jhmi.edu或者BalterS@kennedykrieger.org发送电子邮件来获取“Feed the Bird”的更多详细信息。故选C项。 B For children, gifts are usually one of the most exciting parts of Christmas. While opening presents is thrilling, some kids find happiness in giving rather than receiving. For 12-year-old Jonathan Werner, this is certainly the case. Learning that his father grew up in the foster (领养) system and didn’t have much of a Christmas, Werner from Minnesota decided to prepare gifts and basic supplies for children in foster families and domestic violence shelters in four counties. To do so, Werner sold bags of flavored popcorn and chocolate-coated pretzels (双圈饼干) , setting a table by the entrance of big stores during the fall. “I’m proud of what he chose to do and the number of people that he can reach with this project,” his dad, Steven Kolk, told Good Morning America. After selling over $56,000 in popcorn, he headed to multiple stores to pick gifts for 138 children. He chose his presents based on letters from the children and lists that social workers shared with him. “He reads every kid’s letter and tries to find something he thinks they are specifically going to like,” Werner’s mother said. This year, he bought over 60,000 presents, from clothes to Barbie dolls and LEGO sets. He estimated the total to be around $11,300. Once the shopping was done, he set up a gift-wrapping workshop at home. His family and other community members came to help him. “I just want to bring happiness to kids and make their day at Christmas. They are deserved to be loved and appreciated,” said Werner, whose goal is to get Christmas gifts for every foster child in Minnesota. His project has even sparked more good deeds among his neighbors. “I’ve also seen it inspire other people in the community, so it’s really special. It really brings a tear to my eye and makes me feel like he’s really making a difference for people,” Werner’s mother shared. 4. Jonathan Werner decided to buy gifts for children in foster families when ______. A. he visited the children in foster families B. he learned the environment his father grew up in C. he knew his father didn’t receive any gift as a child D. he knew many families didn’t give children gifts at Christmas 5. How did Werner make money to buy presents and supplies? A. By working at the big shops. B. By launching a donation activity. C. By raising money from his family. D. By selling snacks at the entrance of big shops. 6. In what way did Werner know children’s preferences? A. He made a questionnaire. B. He asked children what they liked one by one. C. He and social workers conducted a survey on children. D. He read children’s letters and the lists given by social workers. 7. Why did Werner carry out the project? A. To make children happy. B. To make her father happy. C. To find happiness in giving. D. To inspire more people to do good deeds. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自明尼苏达州的维尔纳得知父亲在寄养家庭长大，圣诞节过得不多，决定为四个县的寄养家庭和家庭暴力庇护所的孩子们准备礼物和基本用品。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Learning that his father grew up in the foster (领养) system and didn’t have much of a Christmas, Werner from Minnesota decided to prepare gifts and basic supplies for children in foster families and domestic violence shelters in four counties.( 得知父亲在寄养家庭长大，圣诞节过得不多，来自明尼苏达州的维尔纳决定为四个县的寄养家庭和家庭暴力庇护所的孩子们准备礼物和基本用品。)”可知，当乔纳森·维尔纳了解到他父亲成长的环境后，他决定给寄养家庭的孩子买礼物。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To do so, Werner sold bags of flavored popcorn and chocolate-coated pretzels (双圈饼干) , setting a table by the entrance of big stores during the fall.( 为了做到这一点，维尔纳在秋季销售袋装调味爆米花和巧克力脆饼，在大商店的入口处摆桌子。)”可知，维尔纳是通过在大商店入口处卖零食赚钱买礼物和日用品的。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He chose his presents based on letters from the children and lists that social workers shared with him. “He reads every kid’s letter and tries to find something he thinks they are specifically going to like,” Werner’s mother said.( 他根据孩子们的来信和社工分享给他的清单选择礼物。维尔纳的母亲说：“他会阅读每个孩子的来信，并试图找到他认为他们会特别喜欢的东西。”)”可知，维尔纳是读了孩子们的来信和社会工作者给的清单知道孩子们的喜好的。故选D项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““I just want to bring happiness to kids and make their day at Christmas. They are deserved to be loved and appreciated,”(“我只是想给孩子们带来快乐，让他们过得开心。他们值得被爱和欣赏”)”可知，维尔纳实施这个项目是为了让孩子们开心。故选A项。 C Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 8. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 9. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 10. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 11. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国新研究发现，灵活工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke(灵活的工作可以降低心脏病或中风的风险)”以及第二句后面的“some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier(一些灵活工作的员工最终的心脏健康状况与 10 年前相同)”可得知，工作和生活的平衡即灵活的工作对职员的身体健康是有益的，由此可知，划线单词意为“有益的”。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score（CRS）— their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years.(学者们利用这些信息来计算每个人的心脏代谢风险评分（CRS）——他们在未来 10 年内患心血管疾病（诸如心脏病发作）的风险)”这一句破折号后面的内容可得知，研究人员计算参与者的CRS是因为CRS是可以表示患心血管疾病的风险程度的一项指标，故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Employees older than45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees.(45 岁以上的员工比年轻员工更有可能减少。)”可推知，45岁以上的职员得心血管疾病的风险程度比年轻人得心血管疾病的风险程度降低的可能性更大，故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“ Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.”(联合首席作者奥尔费·巴克斯顿说，他们的结论应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活。“设计干预的目的是改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。”)”可得知，Orfeu Buxton是反对这种职场文化的，应该鼓励雇主让员工更好地平衡工作与生活，进行干预，改变工作场所的文化，减少员工工作和个人生活之间的冲突，最终改善他们的健康。故选B。 D Astronomers have discovered a six-pack of planets, formed at least 4 billion years ago and remarkably unchanged since, orbiting a nearby sun-like star. The new planets could provide a breakthrough in the understanding of how planets form and why there are so many between the sizes of Earth and Neptune (海王星) , a kind known as “sub Neptunes” that is strikingly common in our galaxy (银河系) . These newfound worlds are hot, full of gas and unlikely to be pleasant places to visit. Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system. Therefore, the hunt for Earth 2.0 goes on. But what makes these planets unusual, in addition to their large number, is that they are locked into a resonance (共振) with one another as they orbit the star. One planet, for example, will make precisely three orbits while a neighbouring planet makes two. “This resonance is very rare in nature,” lead author Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in a webinar Tuesday with reporters. This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that. The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance — for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star — for billions of years. In this case, the planets formed with their parent star from a cloud of gas and dust and relatively quickly found their resonant orbits. And then nothing exciting happened to change that. This unusual orbital pattern is clear in the title of the new paper: “A resonant sub-Neptune passing the bright star HD 110067” “Occasionally, nature reveals an absolute treasure,” Sara Seager, s professor of planetary science at MIT and a co-author of the new paper, said in an email. “HD 110067 is an immediate astronomical discovery — offering a key system to help unlock some mysteries of planet formation and evolution.” 12. Why should the hunt for Earth 2.0 go on according to the passage? A. The new-found planets are “sub Neptunes” that are too big. B. The new-found planets are orbiting a star different from the sun. C. The new-found planets are not suitable for human beings to live on. D. The new-found planets formed at least 4 billion years ago and changed significantly. 13. Which of the following is not the special aspect of these six planets? A. Their two-by-three orbital pattern. B. Their being controlled by mathematics. C. Their not having suffered great disturbance. D. Their being stable and unchanged since they were formed. 14. Why did the new-found planets form this two-by-three orbital pattern? A. A cloud of gas and dust found their orbit quickly. B. Their parent star formed before a disastrous impact. C. Another star passed the planets for billions of years. D. The whole planet set was not disturbed from the beginning. 15. What is the best title for the article? A. The Search for Earth 2.0 Continues B. Resonant Planets Don’t Welcome Humans C. The Discovery of “sub Neptunes” in Universe D. Unlocking the Mysteries of Planet Formation with HD 110067 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们发现了由六颗行星组成的绕恒星HD 110067 旋转的有独特轨道的行星系，给帮助解开行星形成和发展的秘密提供了重要的系统。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system. Therefore, the hunt for Earth 2.0 goes on.( 它们围绕母恒星的舒适轨道意味着它们不在科学家认为的行星系统的“宜居带”内。因此，寻找地球2.0的工作仍在继续)”可知，人类将继续找寻找地球2.0是因为新发现的行星不适合人类居住。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that.( 数学控制宇宙的提醒还有另一个含义，即这六颗行星自至少40亿年前形成以来，一直处于稳定、可预测的2乘3轨道模式中。大多数行星系统，包括我们自己的，都不是这样的)”和第五段中“The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance—for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star—for billions of years.( 这些行星的共振轨道与这个系统数十亿年来没有遭受任何重大干扰的想法是一致的，比如，灾难的影响，或者另一颗恒星的近距离经过)”可知，这个行星系的轨道自他们形成以来都是稳定的2*3轨道模式，大多数行星系都不是这样，并且这种共振轨道与它们没有遭受过大的灾难或破坏是相符合的。所以只有B选项中的数学控制宇宙并非其特点。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance — for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star—for billions of years. In this case, the planets formed with their parent star from a cloud of gas and dust and relatively quickly found their resonant orbits. And then nothing exciting happened to change that.(这些行星的共振轨道与这个系统数十亿年来没有遭受任何重大干扰的想法是一致的，比如，灾难的影响，或者另一颗恒星的近距离经过。在这种情况下，行星与母恒星一起从气体和尘埃云中形成，并相对较快地找到了它们的共振轨道。然后没有什么令人兴奋的事情发生来改变这一点)”可知，新发现的行星会形成这种2*3的轨道模式是因为整个行星群从一开始就没有受到干扰。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中““HD 110067 is an immediate astronomical discovery—offering a key system to help unlock some mysteries of planet formation and evolution.”(“HD 110067是一个即时的天文发现，它提供了一个关键系统，可以帮助解开行星形成和演化的一些谜团。”)”可知，本篇文章主要讲到了科学家们发现了由六颗行星组成的绕恒星HD 110067 旋转的有独特轨道的行星系，给帮助解开行星形成和发展的秘密提供了重要的系统。故这篇文章最好的标题是D项“用HD 110067解开行星形成之谜”。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____16____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____17____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____18____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____19____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____20____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。 【17题详解】 根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【18题详解】 根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ___21___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ___22___ their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___23___ that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) and then discover it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___24___ in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a particular colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___25___. I remember the first really ___26___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ___27___ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ___28___ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ___29___ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat ___30___, and since she’ d found it too much to cope with, she’ d taken it out on other people. That taught me a valuable ___31___ and I pass it on to the people who work in the market. Don’t take it ___32___. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’ s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not well.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ___33___. If you do, you won’t be able to ___34___ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ___35___ everyone’s day. 21. A. receptionists B. salespersons C. shopkeepers D. customers 22. A. replying B. saying C. pretending D. guessing 23. A. wasted B. imagine C. swear D. promise 24. A. goods B. foods C. catalogues D. belongings 25. A. changing B. smiling C. fighting D. waiting 26. A. careless B. generous C. difficult D. polite 27. A. patient with B. uncertain about C. curious about D. displeased with 28. A. surprised B. embarrassed C. relaxed D. delighted 29. A. argued B. prayed C. apologized D. searched 30. A. on duty B. on purpose C. by chance D. by herself 31. A. skill B. lesson C. trade D. trick 32. A. personally B. casually C. kindly D. secretly 33. A. above the law B. out of sight C. behind the scene D. in the way 34. A. blame B. stress C. handle D. expect 35. A. saves B. ruins C. makes D. starts 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为商人面对难缠顾客的经历，并分享了应对顾客不良情绪的心得与建议。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. receptionists接待员；B. salespersons售货员；C. shopkeepers店主；D. customers顾客。根据上文“As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers.”可知，作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客也会让你抓狂。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. replying回复；B. saying说；C. pretending假装；D. guessing猜测。根据上文“They’ll come rushing in”及下文“their handbag’s been stolen”可知，此处指顾客冲进来说手提包被偷了，呼应上文讲让你抓狂的顾客。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. wasted浪费；B. imagine想象；C. swear发誓；D. promise承诺。根据下文“that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) and then discover it had been in their car all the time”可知，顾客会发誓说把包忘在更衣室里了，呼应上文讲让你抓狂的顾客。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试穿店里一半的衣服，然后想要某种颜色唯一没有的那种款式。A. goods商品；B. foods食物；C. catalogues目录；D. belongings财物。根据下文“in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a particular colour”提到颜色款式也对应商品可知，此处指顾客会试穿店里一半的衣服，即商品。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我确实知道店员会有多沮丧，但我试着说服他们保持微笑。A. changing改变；B. smiling微笑；C. fighting打架；D. waiting等待。根据上文“I do know how upset the shop staff can get”及转折词but可知，虽然店员生气，作者仍然劝他们保持微笑，but前后意思是转折关系，此处的意思应与upset相反。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在科文特花园遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. careless粗心的；B. generous慷慨的；C. difficult难以取悦的、问题很多的；D. polite礼貌的。根据下文“nothing was right”和“If a customer is rude or difficult”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满，是很难缠的。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都不满意，没有什么是对的，并且我很惊讶她成了“常客”。A. patient with对……有耐心；B. uncertain about对……不确定；C. curious about对……好奇；D. displeased with对……不满意。根据下文“nothing was right”可知，此处指她对每件事都不满意。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都不满意，没有什么是对的，并且我很惊讶她成了“常客”。A. surprised惊讶的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. relaxed放松的；D. delighted高兴的。根据上文“She was __7__ absolutely everything, nothing was right”及下文“she became a ‘regular’”可知，她对每件事都不满意，但她成了“常客”，作者会感觉很惊讶。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一段时间，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. argued争论；B. prayed祈祷；C. apologized道歉；D. searched搜索。根据上文“She was ___7___ absolutely everything, nothing was right”以及下文“for the way she behaved at the beginning”可知，顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在应付不过来，就把气撒在别人身上。A. on duty值班；B. on purpose故意地；C. by chance偶然；D. by herself独自。根据上文“She had split up with her husband the week before”可知，她和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. skill技能；B. lesson课；C. trade贸易；D. trick诡计。根据下文“and I pass it on to the people who work in the market”可知，这是作者学到的宝贵的一课。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：别往心里去。A. personally亲自地；B. casually随意地；C. kindly亲切地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“If a customer is rude or difficult, just think ‘Maybe she’ s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not well.’”可知，此处指别把顾客的话往心里去。take sth. personally表示“认为某事针对自己，往心里去”。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你自我妨碍你。A. above the law凌驾于法律之上；B. out of sight看不见；C. behind the scene幕后；D. in the way妨碍。根据上文“Always water it down”可知，此处指不要让你的自我妨碍你。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情将发展成一个不愉快的场景，那将毁了每个人的一天。A. blame责备；B. stress强调；C. handle处理；D. expect期待。根据上文“If you do, you won’t be able to”及下文“the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene”可知，此处指如果你往心里去了，你将无法处理它。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情将发展成一个不愉快的场景，那将毁了每个人的一天。A. saves拯救；B. ruins毁坏；C. makes制作；D. starts开始。根据上文“the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene”可知，此处指那不愉快的场景将毁了每个人的一天。故选B。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is characterized by its diverse types of traditional operas. Kunqu Opera, one of the ____36____ (old) traditional opera forms still ____37____ (perform) in China, was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu province. It ____38____ (list) as one of the masterpieces of the oral and intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2001. Combining songs, graceful body movements, martial arts and dance, Kunqu uses a seemingly endless ____39____ (various) of gestures to express emotions. Like many traditional Chinese art forms, Kunqu has been faced ____40____ competition from mass culture and a lack of interest among young people. But the recognition by UNESCO made it possible for Kunqu Opera ____41____ (experience) a revival. Some artists noted that Kunqu Opera pieces are ____42____ (close) linked with Chinese literature and the best-known one is The Peony Pavilion, ____43____ was written by Ming Dynasty playwright Tang Xianzu. When ____44____ “youth version” (青春版) of The Peony Pavilion was put on at universities across China, it gained great popularity among young people. One of the actresses received a note from an audience member after the show, ____45____ (tell) her how beautiful she was on stage and how beautiful Kunqu was. 【答案】36. oldest 37. performed 38. was listed 39. variety 40. with 41. to experience 42. closely 43. which 44. the 45. telling 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统戏曲昆曲，包括其起源、特色、面临的困境及复兴。 【36题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：昆曲，中国仍然在演出的最古老的传统戏曲形式之一，诞生于江苏省苏州市。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，所以空处应用old的最高级形式oldest，作定语修饰名词短语traditional opera forms。故填oldest。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：昆曲，中国仍然在演出的最古老的传统戏曲形式之一，诞生于江苏省苏州市。句中已有谓语was born，perform在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语one of the oldest traditional opera forms构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填performed。 【38题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：2001年，它被联合国教科文组织列为人类口头和非物质遗产代表作之一。根据时间状语in 2001可知，句子应用一般过去时，且主语 It（指代昆曲）与谓语动词list构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，be动词用was。故填was listed。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：昆曲结合了歌曲、优美的肢体动作、武术和舞蹈，使用了看似无穷无尽的各种手势来表达情感。a variety of为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，所以空处应用名词variety。故填variety。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：像许多中国传统艺术形式一样，昆曲面临着大众文化的竞争和年轻人缺乏兴趣的问题。be faced with为固定短语，意为“面临”。故填with。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但联合国教科文组织的认可使昆曲有可能复兴。make it possible for sb./sth. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“使某人/某物做某事成为可能”，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填to experience。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：一些艺术家指出，昆曲作品与中国文学密切相关，其中最著名的是明代剧作家汤显祖的《牡丹亭》。空处修饰动词linked，应用副词closely，作状语。故填closely。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一些艺术家指出，昆曲作品与中国文学密切相关，其中最著名的是明代剧作家汤显祖的《牡丹亭》。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Peony Pavilion，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：当青春版《牡丹亭》在中国各大高校上演时，受到了年轻人的极大欢迎。此处特指“青春版的《牡丹亭》”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一位女演员在演出结束后收到了一位观众的纸条，告诉她她在舞台上有多美，昆曲有多美。句中已有谓语received，tell在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语note构成主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动意义。故填telling。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是高中生李华，你从校园网上得知，初中部将聘请美国的5名教师3月份利用周末给初一学生培训口语，计划招10名高中生助教。请你根据以下要点提示，写封邮件提出申请。要求包含以下内容： 1.自我介绍；2.申请理由； 3.希望获批 注意： 1.词数80词左右；2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯； 3.邮件的开头已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, I have learned 10 teaching assistants for foreign teachers are wanted in your school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Sir/Madam, I have learned 10 teaching assistants for foreign teachers are wanted in your school. I’m Li Hua, a Grade-Two senior high student. My enthusiasm for English has always been remarkable. I’ve won the first prize in our school’s English debate competition and often communicate with international students at exchange events. I’m extremely eager to apply for this position. I hold the belief that it’s a wonderful opportunity to give back to our school community. Moreover, it can further improve my English proficiency and cross-cultural communication skills. I sincerely hope you can consider my application. I’m ready to contribute and make this teaching program a huge success. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写封邮件申请成为周末给初一学生培训口语的助教。其内容包括：自我介绍、申请理由和希望获批。 【详解】1.词汇积累 热情：enthusiasm→passion 机会：opportunity→chance 而且：moreover→besides 真诚地：sincerely→genuinely 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m Li Hua, a Grade-Two senior high student. My enthusiasm for English has always been remarkable. 拓展句：I’m Li Hua, a Grade-Two senior high student, whose enthusiasm for English has always been remarkable. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I hold the belief that it’s a wonderful opportunity to give back to our school community. （运用了that引导的同位语从句和不定式作后置定语） 【高分句型2】 I sincerely hope you can consider my application. （运用了省略that的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did. So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try. I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice. What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!” I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者上中学的时候，社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作，于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累，但是没有放弃，坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时，作者感到写作让他很快乐，他已经不在乎输赢了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖，在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作，自此作者坚持写作取得了成功，作者将这一切归功于自己的老师。 2.续写线索：比赛消息传来——作者获奖——高兴——颁奖典礼感谢老师——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师告诉作者坚持写作——作者表达了对写作的喜爱——作者写作取得了成功——感激老师 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①告知：inform/tell ②成功做到：make it/succeed ③表达：express/convey 情绪类 ①高兴的：happy/glad ②激动地：excitedly/with excitement 【点睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. （运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.（运用了强调句） [高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$