Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Discover Useful Structures课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Learning About Language Discover useful structures 动词不定式作主语 Infinitives as the subject Learning Aims After this period ,students will be able to: 1. To master the use of the infinitive as subject; 2. To understand the differences of the Infinitive and the gerund（动名词） as subject; 3. To use the Infinitive as subject in different situations. B. Part 1 Lead-in 人教版·高中英语选必修第三册 Revision 不定式的形式 Different forms of infinitive. 类别 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do 完成式 进行式 / 完成进行式 / to be done to have done to be doing to have been doing to have been done 发生在 谓语动词之后 发生在 谓语动词之前 正在进行 一直持续 1.基本形式:to do 2.否定形式:not to do 3.没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。可作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。 Leading in Watch and think Watch a short vidoe, and pay attention to what they say. Warming up It’s difficult for me to get up early. To get up early is difficult for me. 主语 Infinitive as Subject It is difficult for me to get up early. It is kind of you to help me! To get up early is difficult for me . To help me is kind of you ! to do 作主语 动词不定式（短语）作主语 位置 直接放在________作主语； 为了保持句子平衡，用________作形式主语，放在句首，把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后； 句首 it 直接放在________作主语； 为了保持句子平衡，用________作形式主语，放在句首，把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后； 和_________构成“疑问词+to do”短语作主语。 句首 it 疑问词 动词不定式作主语有三种形式： Summary 1. To change bad habits is never easy. 2. It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mother’s lung surgery. 3.To join the People’s Liberation Army, it is required for men to shave off their beards. 4. It was not polite to disturb your neighbors with loud music last night. 2.Pay attention to the italicized infinitives and discuss the meanings and functions of the italicised infinitives. 【总结】 1.1-4句子中动词不定式都是作___语。 2.句3和句4中it作__________，真正主语是后面的_______。 主 形式主语 to do 1.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 2.To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 3.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. 4.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. 5.When to go there has not been decided yet. 【总结】 1.1-4句子中动词不定式都是作___语。 2.句3和句4中it作______，真正主语是后面的_______。 3.句5中是______ +不定式作主语 主 形式主语 to do 疑问词 Part 2 presentation Focus on 基本用法 不定式作主语 一、通常用法：直接位于句首 二、*it作形式主语的用法 *it作形式主语时的三种情况 三、“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语 四、不定式和V-ing作主语区别 五、不定式作独立成分 To be working all day long is a bore.整天干活使人厌倦。(不定式进行式) To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣幸。(不定式完成式) To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 1.不定式作主语通常可直接位于句首，表示具体的、某一次的或将来的动作，谓语动词常用单数。 Analysing: infinitive used as subject 单个不定式作主语，谓语动词用_______ 两个或两个以上的不定式作主语，若语意一致或作为一个整体，谓语动词用_______ 两个或两个以上的不定式作主语，若语意不一致，谓语动词用________ 单数 单数 复数 动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则： 单个动词不定式（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 To improve English (be)the most urgent thing for me now. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义一致或基本一致，或动词不定式（短语）作为一个整体，谓语用单数。 To love and to be loved (be) sweet to us. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义不一致，谓语用复数。 To improve people’s lives and to speed up social construction (be) two important tasks. 动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则 is is are 不定式作主语基本用法： 1.To look after these naughty boys _______ (be) really difficult. 2. To save money now _______ (seem) impossible. ① 单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 is seems 3. To learn English well and to master a skill _______ (be) very important for your future. 4. To jog every morning and to do some stretching exercises in the evening _______ (be) good ways to keep fit. ② 两个及以上动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 5.To love and to be loved ______ (be) the greatest happiness one can get. are are is ③ 两个并列的不定式语义基本一致，谓语动词用单数形式。 一、动词不定式直接做主语 优化P39 18 [巧学活用1]——单句语法填空 ①________ (finish) reading the book will take you two hours. ②________ (pay) a visit to the Forbidden City is my dream. ③To improve people's lives and to speed up socialist construction _____ (be) two important tasks today. ④________ (stay) up too late is a bad habit for our health. To finish To pay are Staying 2.动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how连用构成不定式短语做主语。 How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。 注：疑问词 + 不定式（to +do） （1）可用于该结构的疑问词 疑问代词：who，whom，what，which 疑问副词：when，where，how （2）常接该结构的动词：know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder （3）该结构的句法功能：主语、宾语和表语 How to construct the theoretical framework is very important. The question is when to start developing such a vaccine. I know where to find that patriotic young man. （3）该结构的句法功能：主语、宾语和表语 How to construct the theoretical framework is very important. 怎样构建理论框架很重要。（作主语） The question is when to start developing such a vaccine. 问题是何时开始研制这种疫苗。（作表语） I know where to find that patriotic young man. 我知道到哪里去找那个爱国的年轻人。（作宾语） 【学法点拨】 “ 疑问词+不定式”结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句。 A judge must decide whose proof to believe. = A judge must decide whose proof he/she should believe. 法官必须决定相信谁的证据。 1. _______________ the river is still a problem. （cross) 怎样过桥仍然是个问题。（作主语） 2. ______________________has not been decided.(go camping) 还没有决定去哪儿露营。（作主语） 3. We have now idea __________________________________. 我们不知道如何控制水污染。(control)（作宾语） 4.The question is ________________________.(hold) 问题是在那里举行这个晚会。（作表语） How to cross Where to go camping how to control the water pollution where to hold the party 练一练 补全下面句子 B. [巧学活用3]——单句语法填空 ①How ________ (cure) this kind of illness is still unknown. ②Whether ________ (do) it or not has not been decided. ③How ________ (deal) with this case hasn't been known yet. to cure to do to deal 单句语法填空 （1）I couldn’t decide 　　　　 　 bike to buy. （2）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how 　　　　 　 （read） fast. （3）When and where 　　　　 　（vote） hasn’t been decided. 完成句子 （4） 　　　　　　　　（何时装修） the house hasn’t been decided. （5）They didn’t decide 　 　　　　 　　（在哪里举行） the debate. （6）The question is 　　 　　　　 　　 　（怎样拆卸） the machine. which to read to vote When to decorate where to hold how to take apart 3.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。 It’s not easy to work out the problem. = To work out the problem is not easy. 计算出这道题不容易。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。 为保持句子平衡，用it来作形式主语,相关句型有： （1）It is/was＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋动词不定式 若形容词描述事物或行为的特征, 用for,如difficult, possible,necessary等 若形容词描述人的品格、特点, 用of,如 kind,polite,impolite,rude,foolish等 （2）It is＋a/an＋名词(如a pity/an honour ...)＋to do ... （3）It takes sb/sth to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间/钱 Presentation It is necessary for you to change your job. It’s difficult for us to learn English well. It was silly of you to give up such a good chance! It’s very kind of you to say so. 若adj. “描述人的品格、特点”, 用of,如 kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever; 若adj.“描述事物或行为的特征”, 用for,如easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary,good,  bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 常用句型1：It is+adj.+for/of sb +to do sth It is necessary ______ young students to learn a foreign language. It was silly ______ you to give up such a good chance! It is important _______ us to express our opinions. It was not polite ______ you to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. for of of Practice for 练一练 1. Sometimes it’s better 　　　　 　（stay)calm when in trouble. 2. It was foolish 　　　　her to make such a mistake. 3. It is rude 　　　 　 him to say that to a lady. 4. It is difficult 　　　　teenagers to live alone in a foreign country. to stay of of for B. Presentation 常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等 Summary 常用句型2：It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. It is an honour to give a speech in behalf of my school. It is a pity to miss the chance to see your show. It is our duty to do that. Presentation It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. It will take us a lot of money to buy that house. Summary 常用句型3： It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(钱) [巧学活用]——单句语法填空 ①[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ应用文]It is my pleasure ________ (invite) you to our English show “Talk and Talk” which will be conducted at 6 a．m. this Friday. ②It is good manners for the young ________ (give) their seats to the old. ③It is my ambition ________ (make) sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. ④It is no use ________ (argue) with him, for he is so stubborn. to invite to give to make arguing 4.动词不定式与动名词作主语时的区别： 表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词； 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。 Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。 To swim in this river is a great pleasure.在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。 注意：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。 To see is to believe. ＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Presentation To look after children is her job today. 她今天的工作是看孩子。 Looking after children is her work. 她的工作是照顾孩子。 Compare the two sentences below and tell the difference in meaning. Summary不定式作主语和动词-ing形式作主语的区别： 5. 动名词作主语表示_______________的行为;不定式作主语表示 _________________________ 动作。 经常性或习惯性 具体的、一次性的或将来的 1. ______ (do) morning exercises regularly is good for your health. 2. It feels really good ______ (do) morning exercises today. Doing to do _________ (climb) mountains is interesting. _________ (drive) a car during the rush hour must be tiring. _________ (teach) English is my job. _________ (teach) you English this term is my job. No _________ (smoke) is permitted here. lt is not very good for you _________ so much (smoke). _________ (read) more is necessary . lt is quite necessary _________ (read) it again. Climbing To drive Teaching To teach smoking to smoke Reading to read Practice makes perfect 对本课件使用有任何疑问，请联系小助手：naodong12 更多优质内容，请关注微信公众号【脑洞英语课堂】 35 1. ______ (do) morning exercises regularly is good for your health. 2. It feels really good ______ (do) morning exercises today. 3.__________ (finish) the task in time is a great challenge. 4.___________(walk) after dinner is good to health. 5._________ (get) to the park by bike will take about 20 minutes. Doing to do practice To finish Walking To get B. 5.不定式短语作独立成分 to begin/start with 首先 to sum up 总而言之 to conclude 总而言之 to tell the truth 说实话 to be frank 坦白地说 to be honest 说老实话 to be brief 简言之 一些不定式短语可用作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句末，要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。 To tell the truth，I don’t like the gifted actress in the movie. 说实话，我不喜欢这部影片中的那个有天赋的女演员。 5 不定式短语作独立成分 （1）一些不定式短语可用作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句末，要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。 To tell the truth，I don’t like the gifted actress in the movie. 说实话，我不喜欢这部影片中的那个有天赋的女演员。 （2）常用短语 to sum up 总而言之 to be brief 简言之 to tell the truth 说实话 to be exact 确切地说 to conclude 总而言之，最后 to be frank 坦白地说 to begin/start with 首先 to be honest 说老实话 To be frank，your theory is too abstract for the students to understand. 坦白说，你的理论太抽象，学生们理解不了。 Practice （1） 　　　　　 　　　（总而言之），most of the committee members supported the idea but a few were against it. （2） 　　　　　（简言之），he was happy with the result. （3）She wrote， 　　　　　（确切地说），ten novels in her lifetime. （4） 　　　　　　　　（首先），he’s too young for that kind of job. （5） 　　　　　 （说老实话），I don’t really want to go to the party tonight. To sum up/To conclude To be brief to be exact To begin/start with To be honest to do to do 作主语位于句首，在谓语之前 to do 作主语位于谓语之后，It作形式主语 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语，作主语 和-ing 作主语的区别 To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. It takes sb. time/money to do sth. It is + adj. + （for/of sb.） to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. to do 表示具体的，将来的，一次性的动作 -ing 表示经常性、习惯性、抽象的动作 与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用 Summary to do 作主语 to do 作主语位于句首 it 作形式主语 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语 和-ing 作主语的区别 To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. It takes sb. time/money to do sth. It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. to do 表示具体的，一次性的、将来的动作 -ing 表示一般的，泛指的、习惯性的动作 与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用 Summary 41 Summary 1.to do作主语，表具体的特指未完成动作,谓语用单数（doing作主语常表习惯性动作） To change bad habits is never easy. 2.it作形式主语常见于以下情况中(真正的主语—不定式)。 1) It is + adj. + for（表事物特征）/of（表品质） sb. to do sth. 表品德的adj:kind, nice, wise, silly等 表事物特征的adj: easy, hard, difficult, possible 2( It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. 常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure 3)It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 3.疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how+to do，也可作主语。 Part 3 Practice 1. It is very helpful for all of us ________(help) a good knowledge of history. 2. It’s necessary for you ________ (lock) the car when you do not use it. 3. Afraid of ___________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid ________ (touch) them. 4. ________(get) there by bike will take us half an hour. Pratice to help to lock being bitten to touch To get 单句语法填空 （1）Sometimes it’s better 　　　　 　（remain） silent. （2）Although 　　　　 　 is a hard task to protect our environment，we can’t help but go ahead. （3） 　　　 　 　（control） the air pollution is necessary. （4）It was foolish 　　　　 　 him to endanger his life in that way. （5）Don’t you think it is rude 　　　　 　 him to ask a lady her age? （6）It is difficult 　　　　 　 him to live on such a small salary. to remain it To control/Controlling of of for 1.It took us about two hours (get) there that day. 2.Whether (hold) a party this weekend hasn’t been known yet. 3.It is foolish you to take a taxi to the town in that situation. 4.It is important for her (prepare) for the examination. 5.It’s our duty (keep) our environment clean and tidy. 6.It is no good for you (wait) here for a long time. 7. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour. to get to hold of to prepare to keep to wait To get Exercises Please fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in the brackets. 1. It is really hard for a foreigner __________ (pick) up Chinese in such a short time. 2. It’s really kind of you ________ (help) me with my math. 3. ________ (travel) to the Meili Snow-capped Mountain Mr. Jones’s dream of this year. to pick to help To travel 练一练 B. 4. I think it necessary_____________ (practice) listening and speaking English every day. 5. It can take some time___________ (recover) from the Covid-19 infection. 6. In Kunming, _________ (miss) a bus means waiting for 15 minutes. to practice to recover missing 练一练 B. 1． (lean) out of the window is dangerous. 2． (save) money now seems impossible. 3．It is an offence (drop) litter in the street. 4．It is stupid of you (write) down everything (that) the teacher says. 5．__________(say) is one thing and to do is another. 6．It seemed a pity __________________(waste) so much time. 7. I don’t think__________________________（你问……是不礼貌的） how long the interview will last. 8. 　　　　　　　　　　　（保卫…… 是我们的职责） the country against its enemies. 9. 　　　　　　　　　　　（ …… 花了我半个小时）to wash the clothes. To lean To save to drop Activity 7 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words. to write To say to have wasted it is impolite of you to ask It’s our duty to defend It took me half an hour 10. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy ________(cook) . 11.It is easy for them __________(care) for.  12.It was so good _______(feel) accepted for what I’m good at. 13.It’s my first time_______(hear) Chinese stories told by an English speaker. 14.Then we will know how important ______ is to have meaning in our life. 15. It is not a simple matter____________(determine) the nature of talent. 16. ___________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 17. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______(get) there. to cook to be cared to feel to hear it to determine Learning to get You don’t need to be told that it is difficult 1.______(lose) weight. Or,2._______(keep) the weight off once you have dropped those pounds. Now, it is time for you 3.___________(identify) the factors that cause your over weight. For instance, you may discover that you spend too much time 4. _________(be)inactive. Or, that you tend to skip meals and snack instead. Once you 5._____________(figure) out the problem, you will find yourself one step closer to correcting your issues. 6.________(eat) healthy foods, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly can also the answer. So, it is important 7._________ (make) an effort to lead a healthy lifestyle when you are going through a tough period. These are all the ways you can change your lifestyle so that you will find it easier 8. _________(slim) down. What’s more, by adopting these healthy tips, you will notice that you have an easier time 9._______ (keep) the weight off as well. So, make it a point 10. ___________(follow) the guidelines mentioned above. Fill in the blanks using the right forms of the given words. to lose to keep to identify being have figured Eating to make to slim to keep to follow 语法填空 Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. ______ __ (trap) inside the car. Fortunately a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. ________ (save) him, only 4. ________ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car. After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. ________ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three months 6. _______ _ (recover) from his injuries. The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. _ _______ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _______ _ (survive) the crash. The man was said 9. _ _________________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. ________ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.” to stay to take to be trapped to save to find to give to recover to have done to have survived to have worked Homework 53 2.Join the words to make full sentences. 1. important / avoid / passive cigarette smoking It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking. 2. will take / nutrition specialist / a balanced diet menu / make / an hour / for you ____________________________________________________________ 3. useful / turn to / fitness consultant / for advice ____________________________________________________________ 4. illegal / dangerous / take / drugs ____________________________________________________________ 5. harmful / skip breakfast / often ____________________________________________________________ It will take nutrition specialist an hour to make a balanced diet menu for you. It is useful to turn to fitness consultant for advice. It is illegal and dangerous to take drugs. It is harmful to skip breakfast (too)often. Homework (P17) 2.Join the sentences to make a paragraph. You can add your own sentences if necessary to make your paragraph more meaningful. To get healthy and get rid of bad habits，sometimes it is also a good idea to get professional help. It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you. It is also useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice. You can also help yourself with some common sense. For example，it is harmful to skip breakfast too often. It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking. And，of course，it is dangerous to take illegal drugs too. 3.Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box. 1.A: Hello, doctor. I want to lose weight, but I just can’ t seem to do it. What can you do to help me? B: Well, first, it’s necessary to _____________ what you eat. Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks, and eat more fruit and vegetables. 2.A: I really need to ________ a way to exercise more. I could use a fitness app, but my phone’s full. B: So delete a few files. I'm sure the app doesn't take up much space. 3.A: Before exercising, always do a few warm-ups to ___________. B: I know. But then I always feel too tired to continue! 4.A: Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken? I hate _____________ like these. You know what—I'm going to eat both! B: Wow! Don’t eat too much junk food—you’ll get fat. I’ve actually_______________ to go on a diet, so I’ll just stick to the fruit salad. decide on begin with be in control of make a choice decide on make up one’s mind be in control of making a choice made up my mind begin with Thanks Lavf58.20.100 Lavf58.20.100 $$