Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites Welcome to the unit & Reading 单词讲解 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

OCB3 Unit4 Word study (I) Welcome --- Reading 1. heritage n. 遗产 cultural heritage 文化遗产 heritage preservation 遗产保护 World Heritage Site 世界（文化）遗产；世界遗产保护区  2. awe n. 敬畏，惊叹 vt. 使惊叹，使敬畏 awe and respect 敬畏和尊敬 be/stand in awe of sb./sth. 对 … 敬畏；对 … 望而生畏 Nature was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. 自然是神秘的，我们对它望而生畏。 He speaks of her with awe. 他谈到她的时候肃然起敬。 awed adj.感到敬畏的 She seemed awed by the presence of so many famous people. 见到这么多名人令她惊叹不已。 awesome adj. 令人敬畏的, 极好的; 使人畏惧的, 可怕的 Each time I’m struck by the awesome beauty of the place. 我每一次都被那地方的美景所打动。 The tsunami was awesome in its destructive power. 海啸的破坏力是令人恐惧的。   3. civilization n. 文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马的社会文明 Environmental damage threatens the whole civilization. 环境的破坏威胁着整个文明世界。 civilize vt. 使文明, 教化, 使开化; vi. 变得文明 civilized adj. 文明的；有礼貌的; They couldn’t even have a civilized conversation any more. 他们之间甚至连礼貌的寒暄都没有了。  4. preserve vt. 维护，保护，保存；维持 preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境 We will do everything to preserve peace. 我们将竭尽全力维护和平。 preserve… from 保护---使免遭--- The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不灭绝。 preservation n. 保存，保留 The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation.这些绘画保存得非常好。 preserved adj. 保藏的；腌制的；喝醉的 preserved meat 腊肉;咸肉,罐头肉 5. urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急迫的 a problem that requires urgent attention 需要紧急处理的问题 in urgent need 迫切需要 There is an urgent need for food and water. 急需食品和水。 urgency n. 紧急，迫切；迫切需要；紧急的事 The attack added a new urgency to the peace talks. 这次攻击事件使和平谈判愈加紧迫。 urgently adv.紧急地  6. wear down （使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平 wear out/wear sth. out 磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏 wear oneself/sb. out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦 The engine parts will wear down if not properly cared for. 若未妥善照料，引擎的部分将会被磨损。 The comfortable and stable work environment can wear down your will. 安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨人的意志。 It is better to wear out than rust out. 与其懒死,不如累死。 Clothing seems to wear out in no time nowadays. 现在的衣服好像很快就穿破了。 ruin vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣,破坏了我们的旅行。 That mistake alone ruined his chances of getting the job. 正是这个错误 断送了他得到那份工作的机会。 n. 毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣 断壁 in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟 We visited the ruins of a Norman castle. 我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。 He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career. 他决心从事业失败中爬起来，重新开始新的生活。 Years of wars have left the country in ruins. 经年的战事使这个国家满目疮痍。  8. incredible adj. 极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的 an incredible story 不可思议的故事 an incredible amount of work 极大量的工作 at an incredible rate 以惊人的速度 It seemed incredible that people would still want to play football during a war. 在战争期间人们仍然想踢足球，这似乎不可思议。 incredibly adv. 难以置信地；非常地 【同义词】 unbelievably 反义：credible（可信的） violence n. 暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 violently adv. violent crimes 暴力犯罪 a violent explosion 剧烈的爆炸 a violent change 急剧的变化 a violent headache 剧烈的头痛 The violence in her tone gave us a shock. 她语气激烈，使我们大为震惊。 Tonga volcano erupted violently, sending out a hail of molten rock and boiling mud. 汤加火山猛烈爆发，喷出大量熔岩和沸腾的泥浆。  10. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. （军事）冲突；争论； 矛盾， 不一致 in conflict with 和 … 冲突 conflict between A and B conflict of interest 利益冲突 a conflict between two cultures 两种文化的冲突 The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts. 那次暴力是政治与种族冲突的结果。 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。 John often comes into conflict with his boss. 约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。     v. /kənˈflɪkt/ vi . 冲突，抵触 A conflict with B / A and B conflict 冲突；与 … 抵触 He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine. 他持有坚定的通常跟我的相冲突的观点。 These results conflict with earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。 11. civil adj . 国民的；国家的；民事的;有礼貌的 civil war / law / engineering / servant 内战 / 民法 / 土木工程 / 公务员 Tyr to be civil. 要讲文明。 She was very civil to him, but then it was no. 她对他客客气气的, 但之后他被拒绝了  12. status n. 身份，地位；状况，情形 Women are only asking to be given equal status with men. 妇女只是要求得到和男人平等的地位。 She achieved celebrity status overnight. 她一夜之间成为名流。 Please keep us informed of the status of this project. 请随时告知我们该项目的进展情况。    13. wear and tear （正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗 The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear. 这种地毯设计得十分耐用。 When you calculate the value of the car，you must allow for wear and tear. 计算这辆车的价值时,必须考虑到它的损耗情况。 Rest is a vital and essential process that decreases wear and tear on the mind and body. 休息是减少我们思想和身体耗损和痛苦的一个至关重要和必不可少的过程。   14. internal adj. 内部的；国内的 the internal structure of a building 大楼的内部结构 internal organs/injuries 内脏/内伤 internal affairs 内政 He does not want to interfere in the internal affairs of another country. 他不想干涉他国的内部事务。 internalize vt . 使（习俗等经吸收同化而）内在化；使藏在心底 internalization n . 内在化；成为主观 【反义词】external adj. 外部的，外面的；对外的；外用的  15. outcome n . 结果，效果 We are waiting for the final outcome of the negotiations. 我们在等待谈判的最终结果 。 These costs are payable whatever the outcome of the case. 无论讼案结果如何，这些费用都应照付。   16. ecology n. 生态，生态学 ecology system 生态系统 plant/animal/human ecology 植物╱动物╱人类生态学 ecological adj. 生态的，生态学的 ecologist n . 生态学者；生态保护论者 The way coffee is grown affects the global ecology. 咖啡的种植方式影响着全球生态。  17. agenda n . 计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 同义：schedule at the top of the agenda/high on the agenda 当务之急 put sth. on the agenda 将某事提上议程 For the government, education is now at the top of the agenda. 对政府来说，现在教育是当务之急。 In our company, quality is high on the agenda . 我们公司高度重视质量。 This is sure to be an item put on the agenda next week. 这必将成为下周议事日程上的一项议题。 hidden agenda 隐藏目的 set the agenda 设定议程   18. nail n . 钉子；指甲 vt. 固定 nail sth down （用钉子）将 … 钉牢，将 … 固定；达成一致；作出决定 nail sb down (to sth) 迫使明确保证（或准确说出想做之事） nail sth up 用钉子将 … 固定到（墙上、柱子上等） I nailed the sign to a tree. 我将标示牌钉到了一棵树上。 She says she'll come, but I can't nail her down to a specific time. 她说要来，但我无法让她敲定具体什么时候来。 as hard as nails冷酷无情 hit the nail on the head 一针见血  19. assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 assess sb/sth (as sth) / (at sth)评估，评定（性质、质量）;估定，核定（数量、价值） assessment n . 评定；估价 It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。 There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment. 几乎没有有关自然环境破坏的评估。   20. collapse vi . 倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 n. 昏倒；倒塌 the collapse of law and order in the area 该地区治安的瘫痪 a state of mental/nervous collapse 精神/神经的崩溃状态 The peace talks were at the edge of collapse . 和平谈判濒于破裂。  21. consultation n . 咨询，商讨；就诊 a consultation document 咨询文件 in consultation with 经与 … 磋商 psychological consultation 心理咨询 consult vt . 查阅；商量；向 …请教; vi. 请教；商议；当顾问 consult a doctor/ a map 问诊/查看地图 I shall consult with you and I will respect your idea. 我们共同商量一下，我会尊重你的想法。 consultant n . 顾问；咨询者；会诊医生     22. suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 suspend sth./sb. (from sth.) (by/on sth.) 悬；挂；吊; 使暂时停职（或停学等） suspend sb. from school 暂令某人停学 Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. 在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。 The police officer was suspended while the complaint was investigated. 投诉调查期间，这位警员被暂停职务。 suspension n . 悬浮；暂停；停职 a suspension bridge 吊桥 The two players are appealing against their suspensions. 这两名运动员请求取消对他们的停赛处罚。 $$