U2 Section A Grammar Focus 语法突破（作业课件）-原创新课堂2023-2024学年八年级英语下册（人教版）广东

Section A　Grammar Focus　语法突破 英语 八年级下册 人教版 原创新课堂 ►动词不定式 1．概述： ①动词不定式的基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，有时可以省略to。 ②动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 ③动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 (初中阶段要求同学们掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语的用法) 2．用法： ①作宾语：动词want，try，decide，hope等后接动词不定式作宾语。在某些复合宾语中，常用it代替不定式作形式宾语，而把不定式放在后面。 eg：I hope to go to the new zoo.我希望去那个新的动物园。 I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。 ②作状语：常用来修饰动词或形容词，表示行为、目的、结果或原因。 eg：He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。 I'm glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。 ③作宾语补足语：常用来对宾语进行补充说明。 eg：Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不允许我们在街道上玩耍。 【提醒】表示感觉的动词，如see，hear，notice，feel等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后常用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。 eg：I heard her sing a beautiful song in the next room.我听见她在隔壁唱了一首好听的歌。 3．注意： ①动词不定式的否定形式是由“not＋动词不定式”构成。 eg：Jim told me not to eat junk food.吉姆告诉我不要吃垃圾食品。 ②动词不定式可与what，which，how，where等连用。 eg：I don't know where to go.我不知道去哪里。 ►动词短语 1．概念：动词短语是一种固定词组，由“动词＋介词/副词/名词”或“be＋形容词＋介词”等构成，其作用相当于一个谓语动词。 2．分类： ①动词＋介词，这类动词短语的宾语一般都置于介词的后面。 eg：wait for，look at，look after，ask for，listen to，look for，care for，think about... ②动词＋副词 a)相当于及物动词。当宾语是名词时，该宾语可以放在动词短语之后或之间；若宾语为代词，则只能置于动词短语中间。 eg：cut down，work out，pick up，cheer up，wake up，put up，look up，clean up，make up，eat up，use up，hand out，give away，look over，turn on/off/down/up... b)相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语。 eg：grow up，stay up，run away，get down... ③动词＋副词＋介词 eg：look forward to期待　catch up with追上　run out of用完　come up with想出 ④动词＋名词(＋介词)，这类短语中常见的动词有have，take，give，make等。 eg：have a rest休息一下　take a walk散步　make a wish许愿　take a message捎个口信 have a look (at...)看一看(……)　make friends (with...)(与……)交朋友 ⑤be＋形容词＋介词 eg：be good at擅长于……　be good with对……有办法　be interested in对……感兴趣 be angry with对……很生气　be excited about对……感到兴奋 一、单项填空。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ( )1.Today，we must continue working ________ our skies blue，waters clean and lands clear.(2023，株洲) A．keep B．to keep C．keeping ( )2.—What are you going to do this summer vacation？(2023，泸州) —I plan ________ Hua Hua，a nearly 3­year­old lovely panda in Chengdu. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see D B ( )3.—How was your camping in Sifeng Mountain last weekend？(2023，鄂州) —It was great.We ________ our tents on the top of the mountain and enjoyed ourselves. A．put up B．put off C．put on D．put away ( )4.—Jimmy，the bikes you gave away to the poor kids help them a lot.What gave you the idea? —I guess I ________ my father.He always volunteers to help people.(2023，荆州) A．take after B．look after C．talk back D．turn down A A ( )5.—What abilities should a dog trainer have？(2023，新疆) —I think he should be responsible and never ________. A．give away B．give out C．give back D．give up D 二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 6．你不应该放弃你的希望。 You shouldn't __________ your hope. 7．我的老师没有告诉我下一步做什么。 My teacher didn't tell me _____________ next. 8．你一定饿了吧，让我拿点东西给你吃。 You must be hungry，let me get you something __________． 9．我答应过帮她。 I promised ___________ her. 10．我认为老师们不会拒绝我们的邀请。 I don't think teachers will ___________ our invitation. give up what to do to eat to help turn down 三、语法选择。 When I graduated from university, I decided to make my life a difference. I became a volunteer teacher and was sent to Ghana (加纳). So, __11__ a group of helpful young volunteers, I went on my journey. I was very __12__ this great chance. The schools there were quite poor. The students had to walk miles to __13__ their schools. They had lots of work at home.Though they had __14__ days, these children were joyful. This was my __15__ time living abroad in a different culture. I had to get used to the __16__ conditions. There was no electricity, running water, phone __17__ the Internet. There was no air­conditioner (空调) at a place where the temperature often goes over 38℃！ It was too hot __18__．Before coming here，I __19__ thought I could live in such an environment. However, I could end each day with a beautiful African sunset. At night，I could enjoy the whole Milky Way (银河). That is my experience，which is __20__ and worth the time and energy! ( )11.A.by　　 B．to　　 　C．with ( )12.A.thankful for B．sorry about C．calm about ( )13.A.get to B．look for C．live in ( )14.A.interesting B．relaxing C．tiring ( )15.A.third B．first C．second ( )16.A.live B．living C．to live ( )17.A.and B．but C．or ( )18.A.move B．moved C．to move ( )19.A.still B．never C．often ( )20.A.unforgettable B．forgettable C．unforgettably C A A C B B C C B A 四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Yesterday my sister and I went 21.__________ (shop) for her birthday.She didn't really know what 22._________ (get) but she seemed 23._______ (like) the idea of a pet，so we went to the nearest pet shop.She started 24.____________ (look) around at all the animals.The man in the shop advised her 25.___________ (choose) the rabbits. shopping to get to like to look/looking to choose But when she saw some puppies26.___________ (play) in the box, she said she would like 27.___________ (have) one of them.I didn't know if we had enough money 28.___________ (buy) one and I hoped my mother would allow us 29._______ (keep) a dog in the house. But my sister promised 30._________ (look) after it well and we had enough money, so we bought a little brown dog. playing to have to buy to keep to look $$