2025届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试题

2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研 英语试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Race to the Frozen North On April 6, 1909, six determined men stood at the top of the world, claiming victory over one of Earth’s last great frontiers — the North Pole. Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer ___1___ skills had been vital to their success. He held a unique flag, ___2___(sew) together from different pieces of fabric, while four expert Inuit hunters stood by his side. They guided the team through the endless frozen wilderness. Reaching this ice-covered world was not easy. Many had tried before them, only ___3___ (force) back by terrible conditions. Peary’s success was not just luck — it was careful strategy, perseverance, and the strength of his team. He relied heavily ___4___ Henson, who had journeyed with him through the Arctic before. Henson wasn’t just an explorer; he was a survivalist, trained by the Inuit (因纽特人) in the art of handling the ice. But no amount of skill ___5___ make overcoming the Arctic any easier. The wind screamed like a wild beast, and the temperature dropped to a freezing minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Henson later wrote in his journal, “Freezing of the whole front part of the face is an ordinary occurrence.” Ice formed on their skin, ___6___ (bite) deeper with every burst of wind. Frostbite (冻疮) was a constant threat. Peary himself had lost toes on earlier adventures. Despite ___7___ they endured, they kept pushing forward. Their food was simple but packed with energy: pemmican, a dense mixture of dried meat, animal fat, and berries. ___8___ it did little to satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were long and exhausting. Yet they refused to stop. Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness ___9___ (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible ____10____ (conquer). Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. capabilities B. dismiss C. examine D. ignorance E. match F. misrepresentation G. passionate H. point I. plug J. relieving K. worrying The Hackers Who Protect Your Security Have you ever locked yourself out of your house and had to try to break in? First you get a sense of accomplishment in succeeding. But then comes the ____11____ realization that if you can break into your own place as an amateur, a professional could do it five times faster. So you look for the weak ____12____ in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers (黑客) conference works. Every year, hackers meet in Las Vegas to test their knowledge and ____13____. Mention the word “hacker” and many of us picture a seventeen-year-old student sitting in a bedroom, illegally hacking into the government systems. But that is actually a(n) ____14____ of what most hackers do. The activities that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. Here, computer addicts who can’t break the habit or resist the challenge of finding security gaps ____15____ all kinds of systems, from the internet to mobile communications to household door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they do us all a great service by passing on their findings to industry, which can then ____16____ the security holes. If you’re among those who ____17____ the DefCon attendees as a bunch of social misfits, then you probably have the same password for 90 percent of your online existence, which is risky. Even if you think you’re being clever by using your grandmother’s birth date backwards as a password, you’re no ____18____ for these people. There is no greater ____19____ to be found online than that of an average Internet user. I’m happy to admit that I’m one of them. I’m also aware that there are other people out there who are trying to get more and more access to our personal data. Sadly, we have few tools to protect ourselves. But there is a group of people who are ____20____ about online freedom and have the means to help us protect our privacy. Many of them can be found at DefCon. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Imagine a world where machines don’t just respond to commands but actually understand how you feel. Your phone senses sadness in your voice and suggests calling a friend; your computer sees you’ re tired and reminds you to rest. Sounds ____21____? Not anymore. Emotion AI — the technology that allows machines to recognize and interpret human emotions — is already here. For Rana el Kaliouby, this idea was ____22____. Years ago, when she moved from Egypt to the UK, she and her husband kept in touch through text messages. But something was ____23____: No matter how many words they exchanged, he couldn’t see the exhaustion on her face or hear the sadness in her voice. That experience planted a seed in her mind: What if technology could bridge that emotional ____24____? Driven by this vision, she co-founded Affectiva, a company specializing in emotion-detecting AI. The concept is simple yet powerful. Machines are trained to recognize emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, and even body language. Affectiva, ____25____, works with marketing firms to analyze how people react to advertisements. Meanwhile, companies like Behavioral Signals focus on voice analysis, using tone and speech patterns to discover emotions in customer service calls. The potential ____26____ are vast, from education to healthcare to driver safety. But here’s the catch: recognizing an emotion isn’t the same as ____27____ it. A furrowed brow (皱眉) — does it mean anger, deep thought, or just bad lighting? A scowl (怒视) could signal frustration, but it might just as ____28____ indicate concentration. And then there’s ____29____ — what looks like excitement in one part of the world might be mistaken for anxiety in another. Beyond accuracy, there’s a bigger question: Should AI be _____30_____ to make decisions based on emotions? Some police forces have already experimented with emotion AI to assess whether people appear “suspicious.” Critics argue this is a _____31_____ game, especially since studies show AI can be prejudiced, sometimes interpreting emotions differently based on race or gender. The _____32_____ thing society needs is faulty technology influencing important decisions like hiring, law enforcement, or mental health diagnoses. _____33_____, the progress is undeniable. Car manufacturers are developing AI systems that monitor drivers’ emotions and _____34_____ if they appear distracted or tired. In classrooms, researchers are exploring ways AI could figure out when students are struggling or disengaged and adjust lessons in real time. So, where does that leave us? Emotion AI is fascinating, full of promise — but also full of risks. But one thing is certain: the line between human and machine is becoming _____35_____ with each passing day. 21. A. reasonable B. futuristic C. familiar D. necessary 22. A. personal B. ridiculous C. complex D. collective 23. A. unusual B. missing C. pointless D. accessible 24. A. wound B. variety C. tension D. gap 25. A. by contrast B. in addition C. in summary D. for example 26. A. applications B. obstacles C. transformations D. investments 27. A. conveying B. controlling C. understanding D. redirecting 28. A. barely B. slowly C. severely D. easily 29. A. improvement B. pressure C. disorder D. culture 30. A. requested B. trusted C. forbidden D. improved 31. A. casual B. dangerous C. strategic D. boring 32. A. urgent B. confusing C. last D. right 33. A. Still B. Rather C. Subsequently D. Consequently 34. A. wait B. leave C. intervene D. ignore 35. A. less clear B. less artificial C. more crucial D. more definable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 36. Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A. combining into stronger light B. either adding together or reducing each other C. absorbing each other to make a single colour D. passing through the bubble without changing 37. Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A. Red light always mixes with other colours. B. Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C. The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D. The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 38. What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A. It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B. It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C. It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D. It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. Why light is so appealing. B. How soap bubbles are made. C. How light creates wonders in nature. D. Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. (B) Hula Dancing Hula is a traditional Native Hawaiian dance that has been practiced for centuries, serving multiple purposes such as storytelling. religious expression, and entertainment. It is a deeply cultural and artistic form of movement that reflects Hawaiian history, values, and beliefs. Musical Instrument Native Hawaiians crafted their musical instruments using materials found in their environment, such as seeds, wood. gourds, and shells. These instruments were designed not only to create sound but also to reflect the natural beauty and harmony of the islands. Even today, many Hawaiians continue the practice of making these instruments by hand, preserving the traditional techniques passed down through generations. Hula Basics Locate a flat, smooth surface to ensure stability. Remove your socks and shoes for better control. Position your feet approximately four inches apart, maintaining a balanced stand. Slightly bend your knees and rest your hands on your hips (髋部). Initiate movement with your right foot by stepping to the right, bringing your left foot alongside it. Take another step to the right, then gently tap your left foot beside your right. Repeat to the left. Once comfortable with the footwork, add arm movements. When you step right, bend your left am and raise it to your chest with your elbow (手肘) straight out. Extend your right arm straight out to the side. Do the opposite when you step left. Hand Gestures The hand gestures in hula dancing serve as a visual language, enhancing the storytelling aspect of the performance by symbolizing elements of nature and emotions. ·To represent RAIN, gracefully lift both arms above your head, then lower them slowly in front of you while delicately moving your fingers, imitating falling raindrops. ·For FLOWER, lift your hands with your fingertips pressed together, creating the shape of a blossom. ·To illustrate WIND. extend your left hand forward while circling your right hand above your head twice. ·To show the rising SUN or MOON, begin with your hands together at waist level, then move each arm outward and upward in a smooth arc (弧线) over your head. Finally, form the shape of the sun or moon by bringing your fingertips together. 40. According to the passage, what is the significance of hula dancing? A. It reflects Hawaiians’ character. B. It helps keep Hawaiian culture alive. C. It relates Hawaiians to modern society. D. It represents Hawaiian people’s creativity. 41. Which of the following is a distinct feature of hula dancing? A. Dancers rely on fast movements with no set form. B. Dancers jump and turn to show the wonder of nature. C. Dancers remain in one place while moving their hands. D. Dancers use specific steps and arm movements together. 42. The following pictures show some hand gestures in hula dancing. Which two of them represent FLOWER and WIND, respectively? A. 2 and 3. B. 1 and4 C. 2 and 4. D. 1 and 3. (C) In the early 20th century Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy. Companies such as Uber, Handy, and Instacart have special consumer access, enabling individuals to secure personal drivers, household assistance, and grocery deliveries with minimal effort. However, the scope of the on-demand economy extends far beyond convenience services. Increasingly, essential professional areas, including healthcare, legal consultation, and business advisory services, are being restructured through digital platforms. Startups like Medicast, Axiom, and Freelancer.com facilitate interactions between independent professionals and clients in need of specialized expertise. Although still emerging, this economic model is expanding at an unparalleled pace: Uber, established in 2009, now operates in over 50 countries and had already reached a valuation of $40 billion by 2014. Several critical factors have fueled the expansion of this economic transformation. The digital revolution has not only enabled real-time connections between service providers and consumers but has also decentralized traditional workflows. A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location. This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. Beyond technological drivers, socio-economic shifts have further sped up this transition. The decline of long-term job stability, worsened by automation and global outsourcing, has led to a decline in conventional employment models. Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently. Yet, this transformation presents notable challenges. While consumers and flexibility-seeking workers benefit, those reliant on stable, full-time employment with comprehensive benefits face growing uncertainty. Many on-demand workers operate without traditional job security, healthcare provisions, or retirement plans, raising complex regulatory and policy concerns. Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 43. What is the defining characteristic of on-demand economy? A. Digital platforms connect workers with customers when needed. B. Businesses put more emphasis on the advancement of technology. C. Markets rule out those unnecessary services to increase efficiency. D. Companies hire more temporary workers than long-term employees. 44 Which example best illustrates the idea of “decentralizing traditional workflows”? A. A company encourages employees to take part-time jobs. B. A software developer works with a global team remotely. C. A researcher does experiments in an advanced laboratory. D. A business asks in-house staff to handle most operations. 45. Which of the following is a driving force of the economic transition introduced in the passage? A. People tend to have either money or time. B. Business flexibility benefits workers equally. C. Full-time employees are becoming less available. D. Automation is gradually replaced by global outsourcing. 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The on-demand economy guarantees better job opportunities. B. Companies are seeking financial protection for on-demand workers. C. Governments may struggle to keep up with changes in the job market. D. Workers will no longer worry about employment benefits in the future. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Comeback of Independent Bookstores For years, bookstores have held a special place in people’s hearts, often appearing in films as charming spaces, like The Shop Around the Corner from You’ve Got Mail. Part of their appeal comes from the sense that independent bookstores belong to a past era, giving them a romantic and slightly sad feel. ____47____ The American Booksellers Association reported that their number in the U. S. grew from 1,712 to 1,775 in one year, totaling 2,311 locations. This marks seven years of growth. Sales also increased by 5% in the first four months of the year, and their share of total book sales rose from 7% in 2020 to 10% last year. Several factors contribute to the success of independent bookstores. Advances in technology have made managing inventory and finances easier for small businesses, and social media helps stores promote events. ____48____ Many bookstore owners are great fans of books and believe their communities need these spaces. For example, Brian Lampkin, who moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, noticed the absence of an independent bookstore downtown. He decided to open Scuppernong Books in a historic brick building in 2013. The bookstore focuses on literature rather than bestsellers. Lampkin believes independent bookstores provide something major book dealers often overlook — poetry, for instance, which is rarely found in large chain stores. ____49____ When Amazon introduced the Kindle in 2007,e-books gained popularity quickly, reaching 28% of book sales by 2013. Many assumed e-books would eventually dominate the market. However, physical books have held their ground, and e-book sales have even declined slightly to 24%. The market has settled into a balance where both coexist, allowing space for independent bookstores to develop. Despite their success, independent bookstores still face challenges. ____50____ However, customers appreciate their presence. Even as online book sales continue to grow, the survival of independent bookstores suggests they provide something truly valuable. A. Another reason for the comeback of bookstores is the shift in the e-book market. B. However, deeper reasons also play a role. C. It’s becoming apparent that paper books turned out to have advantages over e-books. D. Surprisingly, though, independent bookstores are doing well. E. The numbers are growing because business is growing. F. They are not high-growth businesses, and owners do not get rich from them. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Helping Workers Switch Off In today’s fast-paced, technology-drive n world, maintaining a healthy work-life balance has become a growing challenge for employees. Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours, leading to stress, burnout, and, in extreme cases, serious health consequences. In some countries, employees feel pressure to be constantly available, answering emails and work-related messages late into the evening. In Japan, for example, the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of “karoshi,” or death from overwork. Similarly, in Spain, the traditional 11-hour workday, which includes a lengthy midday break, often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes. One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication, which allows employers to reach workers at any time. Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life, leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive. In some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Spain’s existing time zone and work schedule are not well-suited to employees’ natural daily rhythms, while Japan’s strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected. To address these concerns, several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work. France has introduced a law granting workers the “right to disconnect,” preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours. Germany has taken similar measures, with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours. Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable. In Japan, efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m., with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home. These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 53. 志愿者们用通俗易懂的语言帮助老年人提高金融素养。(by means of) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 54. 本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会。(present)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 55. 智慧城市的智能管理不仅需要大数据分析，更依赖城市规划师、工程师和数据科学家的集思广益与推陈出新。(not only)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，最近收到笔友Tom邮件，在邮件中他提到自己即将前往上海一所高中担任志愿者，教授该校学生英语，他想了解一下适合中国学生的英语学习内容。请回复他一封邮件，内容须包括： (1)你建议他教授哪些内容; (2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研 英语试卷 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. whose 2. sewn 3. to be forced 4. on 5. could 6. biting 7. what 8. Although##Though 9. stretched 10. had been conquered Section B 【11~20题答案】 【答案】11. K 12. H 13. A 14. F 15. C 16. I 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. G Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 【36~39题答案】 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. B 39. D (B) 【40~42题答案】 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D (C) 【43~46题答案】 【答案】43 A 44. B 45. A 46. C Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【47~50题答案】 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. F Ⅳ. Summary Writing 【51题答案】 【答案】 In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven world, workers find it hard to disconnect from work, causing stress and health issues. This is due to digital communication and unclear work-life boundaries, and in some countries, historical work culture also plays a role. Some countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off, promoting healthier work environments. Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【52题答案】 【答案】Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technology by participating in research projects. 【53题答案】 【答案】Volunteers help elderly people improve their financial literacy by means of easy-to-understand language. 【54题答案】 【答案】The theme of this year’s music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”, which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm. 【55题答案】 【答案】The smart management of smart cities not only requires big data analysis, but also relies on the brainstorming and innovation of urban planners, engineers and data scientists. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 【56题答案】 【答案】 Dear Tom, Glad to know you’re coming to Shanghai as a volunteer English teacher. Here are my suggestions. Firstly, spoken English is a must. Many Chinese students can do well in written tests but struggle to communicate. Dialogues, daily expressions and pronunciation practice would help them gain confidence in speaking. Secondly, introduce some interesting English cultures, like festivals and customs. It can not only arouse their interest but also deepen their understanding of the language. Last but not least, English songs and movies are great teaching materials. They make learning fun and students can pick up new words and phrases unconsciously. I believe with your dedication and these contents, students will surely benefit a lot. Looking forward to hearing your good news. Best regards, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $