抢分秘籍 阅读理解-2025年高考英语冲刺抢押秘籍（北京专用）

抢分秘籍 阅读理解 目录 【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测 【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略 【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点 【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法） 概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆ 题型预测 细节理解题（7-8题）、推理判断题（3-4题）、主旨大意题（1-2题）、词义猜测题（0-1题目） 考向预测 体裁：应用文0-1篇、 记叙文0-1篇、 说明文1-2篇、 议论文0-1篇 科技与创新：如人工智能、数字技术、环保科技（如人工智能发展路径）。 环保与可持续发展：如气候变化、污染治理、绿色能源（如“环保与科技结合”）。 教育与社会：如在线学习、跨文化交流、教育公平（如 “心理健康” 和 “多元评价方式”）。 健康与生活方式：如心理健康、运动健康、饮食文化 社会热点与文化：如社会现象评析、文化遗产保护、全球化影响（如 “人文科学抬头趋势”）。 ☆☆☆☆☆ 类型一　标题归纳题 类型二　文章大意题 一、常见 类型三　段落大意题 类型四　词义猜测题 易错点一：细节题易错点 【例1】（2024·北京·高考真题B篇） …………. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.    ………….. 15．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 秘籍：:圈出题干中的时间词(In her 30s)，直接核对原文对应活动的时间，对比选项时，逐词核对原文，发现关键信息“虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习”故选A。 干扰项：C。干扰词“abstract”。 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模） ……………. However, others find that list overblown. A paper for the OECD club in 2016 suggested that AI would not be able to do all the tasks associated with all these jobs, particularly those requiring human interaction, and only about 9 percent of jobs are fully automatable. Moreover, past experience shows that jobs tend to evolve (演变，进化) around automation. “Successful innovations are those that complement rather than occupy us,” says Ben Shneiderman, from the University of Maryland. “Technologies are most effective when their designs amplify human abilities. They could help us solve problems, communicate widely or create art,” says Shneiderman. “Robots could be a liberating force by taking away routine work,” says Tom Watson, whose study on AI’s development in employment concludes that AI could create as many jobs as it destroys. He is, however, concerned the increasing of automation has led to the rise in inequality and imbalance in power. “We’ve got to be careful that big corporations and employers don’t accumulate all the benefits while ordinary workers are left to lump the negatives,” he says. ………….. 11．What can we learn from AI’s development in employment? A．It can help free labours from routine work. B．It makes big corporations bear most negatives. C．It will finally lead to incredible inequality in jobs. D．It destroys occupations faster than it provides them. 12．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A．To offer solutions to mentioned problems. B．To note the future of relative researches. C．To reveal limits of existing perspectives. D．To sum up arguments from both sides 易错点二 ：推理判断题 【例2】（2024·北京·高考真题C篇） …………… Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 21．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 秘籍：:推理题答案必须基于原文明确提到的信息，不添加个人臆断。分析句子结构，找到动作的发出者(主语)或承受者(宾语)。 干扰项：A。干扰原因直接根据最后一段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models,”盲目推断中心是目前的和之前的相比较。 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模） ………….. A “puppy kindergarten” research was set up by Hare’s team to illustrate the heritability of behavioural traits in dogs by observing what service dogs’ behaviour looks like before intensive training begins. Service dogs were selected as the subject for they can always naturally adapt well to the mismatch compared to other kinds. They can pull wheelchairs, operate light switches and interact gently with children. 14．What’s the author’s aim of quoting Gitanjali’s words? A．To reveal that Hare’s research is suspicious. B．To prove the necessity of selective breeding. C．To confirm the value on reforming dogs’ genes. D．To suggest that other factors also need discussing. 易错点三：主旨大意题 【例3】（2024·北京·高考真题D篇）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. 24．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 秘籍：: 重点阅读首段“moral code of early humans.?”明确文章目的。检查选项是否覆盖全文内容，排除仅对应某一段的选项。 变式： （2025·北京石景山·一模）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. …………. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility 易错点四：词义猜测题 秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。 （2023·北京·高考真题 D篇） ……… As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. 32．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模） ……….. Some British economists assumed that robots would take our jobs and our working week would decrease to 15 hours by 2030. In 2013, Michael Osborne at the University of Oxford looked at 702 types of work and ranked them according to how easy it would be to automate them. He found that about under half of all jobs in the US could workably be done by machines within two decades. The list includes jobs such as telemarketers and library technicians. Not far behind were less obviously susceptible jobs, including models and cooks, threatened respectively by digital avatars and robochefs. The least vulnerable included mental health workers and teachers of young children. In general, jobs that performed better required strong social interaction and creative ability. ………… 9．What does the word “susceptible” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Workable. B．Predictable. C．Replaceable. D．Reliable Passage 1 （2025·北京顺义·一模）In 2010, four friends, carrying 32 kg worth of camera equipment, sunk beneath the waves of Sodwana Bay, off the east coast of South Africa. It was then that photographer, Laurent Ballesta stared directly into the eyes of a creature once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs — making him the first diver to photograph a living coelacanth (腔棘鱼). But what does it take to be a truly great ocean photographer? Danger, says Ballesta. “I realised that every time a dive is easy, my photos are not good,” he says. “I need to feel I’m in an uncomfortable situation to give my best. If you put me in the Red Sea in 20 m of warm water — I don’t take better images than others.” In an extreme situation on the other hand — one in which he feels he shouldn’t be allowed, that his time is limited, there is an urgency — a switch clicks. Thanks to Ballesta’s work, we now know the coelacanth is among the longest-living fish species, with a life of around 100 years, and has one of the slowest life histories of all ocean fish. Long-lived species are especially sensitive to natural and human stressors, and it is only by observing these creatures in their own habitat that we can really begin to understand them. The coelacanth exploration was a springboard for Ballesta’s exploration career. In2019, Ballesta pioneered a new diving technique, which would allow commercial divers to sink to great depths. He used an electronically managed rebreather for autonomous deep sea exploration — making him the first person to take what could be described as an untied spacewalk deep under the ocean. Ballesta is both an artist and a scientist. His work acts as a window into the unknown — one that we can all look through. 1．What was Laurent Ballesta’s significant achievement in 2010? A．Exploring beneath the Sodwana Bay. B．Taking photos of a living coelacanth. C．Finding the secret of dinosaur extinction. D．Diving with the heaviest camera equipment. 2．What makes Laurent Ballesta give his best? A．Fierce competitions. B．New diving technique. C．Sea animal knowledge. D．Challenging situations. 3．We learn that long-lived fish species ___________. A．live a life of over 100 years B．have the slowest life histories C．are sensitive to human activities D．are easy to adapt to new ecosystems 4．What kind of person is Laurent Ballesta? A．Careful and passionate. B．Brave and creative. C．Modest and hardworking. D．Tough and competitive. Passage 2 （2025·北京朝阳·一模）Luther Gerlach’s images enrich the permanent collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles and the National Portrait Gallery in London, among other institutions. While studying his work, one cannot help but revisit the journey he undertook in pursuit of art. Gerlach has dyslexia, a condition that makes it difficult for him to read and spell, and in middle school, it began to affect his studies. At the University of Minnesota, where Gerlach studied biology, his struggle with writing reached a tipping point. Gerlach left the university and entered art school. “Art has never been something that slowed me down, in contrast to the written word,” Gerlach says. After graduating from art school, Gerlach took what he learned and traveled across the United States selling his prints at art fairs. It was the late 1980s, and Gerlach traveled roughly 90,000 miles a year, taking photos along the way. He was making $100,000 a year doing what he loved. But the emergence of digital photography changed everything. Photographers began to use Photoshop to create the hand-brushed quality of Gerlach’s photographs and told customers they were using the same process Gerlach was using. “I would hear them talking — complete lies,” he says. Rather than dive into digital, Gerlach moved into a photographic process that was quite unusual: the wet collodion (火棉胶) process, invented in 1851. The process involves coating a plate of glass or metal with collodion, followed by using a silver nitrate (硝酸银) bath to make the plate sensitive to light. The plate is then placed in a light-tight film holder, with the photo made almost immediately while the plate is still wet. It wasn’t easy when he first started, but Gerlach has always considered “constant problem solving” to be part of the creative process. It made Gerlach feel “present as an artist”. “I saw the final product right there in front of me. The same leaves on the tree that I’m standing in front of are on the image,” Gerlach explains. “The process allowed me to feel more like a photographer instead of a machine that printed prints to sell so I could make money. And when the final product works, nothing else compares to it.” 5．Luther Gerlach’s dyslexia ________. A．forced him to change his major B．drove him to go into business C．made him drop out of middle school D．affected his artistic performance 6．As digital photography emerged, Luther Gerlach ________. A．adopted a unique photographic technique B．set off for new places to take photographs C．praised photographers for using Photoshop D．improved the hand-brushed quality of his photos 7．Why did Luther Gerlach prefer the wet collodion process? A．It was cheap and reliable. B．It was easy and efficient. C．It gave him artistic satisfaction. D．It helped him sell prints for profit. 8．What can we learn from this passage? A．Necessity inspires invention. B．Everything comes to those who wait. C．Hope for the best; prepare for the worst. D．Dare to be different in a world of copycats. Passage 3 （2025·北京丰台·一模）Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated( 加速的) expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology (宇宙学), which assumes a steady acceleration. Dark energy is thought to make up nearly 70% of the cosmos, so if its behaviour really is changing as time passes, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe. Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy isn’t directly observable, so there are several options that could fit. One solution suggested by Michael Garda at the Federal University in Brazil and his colleagues involves letting dark energy interact with dark matter, an invisible and abundant form of matter that outweighs ordinary matter. This interaction is forbidden in the standard model, but if energy could flow from the universe’s dark matter to its dark energy — essentially changing the former to the latter — the researchers’ simulations (模拟) showed that this would match the DESI measurements. Yet, the mechanism for such an energy transfer isn’t clear. This solution might also help resolve the Hubble tension, a difference in the ways we measure the expansion rate of the cosmos. Measurements of this made by analysing nearby galaxies (known as “local” measurements) give an expansion rate, or Hubble constant, which is slightly higher than the one obtained from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remaining radiation from the early universe. CMB measurements rely on a theoretical model of cosmic evolution, which may need adjustment if Garda’s proposal is correct. By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension. Another proposed solution involves dark radiation, an invisible form of radiation similar to light but composed of dark photons (光子). Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages. “If you have more radiation, the expansion is faster in the early universe,” says Allali. Unlike adjustments to dark energy, dark radiation introduces a new component without changing existing physical laws, making it a more conservative approach. Allali notes that the DESI data does not rule out dark radiation and even shows a slight preference for it. Both models — interacting dark energy and dark radiation — fit the DESI data, but neither has been confirmed. Shawn Smith at the University of Edinburgh, UK, points out that while many unconventional models could explain the observations, none currently compete with the standard cosmological model from a fundamental physics perspective. Nevertheless, these models serve as catalysts for progress, ensuring that cosmology remains a dynamic and evolving field. 9．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The development of scientific models to study the universe. B．The discovery of dark energy and its impact on the universe. C．The importance of DESI in studying the universe’s behavior. D．The attempts to explain the universe’s unexpected expansion. 10．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Garda’s proposal outperforms Allali’s in its simplicity. B．Recent research has found ways for dark energy transfer. C．The DESI data has confirmed the existence of dark radiation. D．The two models share similarities in reducing Hubble tension. 11．The passage is organized in the pattern of ________. A．cause — effect — solution B．problem—  solution — evaluation C．example —a nalysis — conclusion D．introduction — comparison — result Passage 4 （2025·北京平谷·一模）A Space-based Farmhand for Hire EOS Data Analytics is a California-based provider of satellite imagery and data for precision farming. The company uses wavelengths of light, which passes through plant crowns and can be used to measure a range of variables, including moisture level and element content. EOS’s models and algorithms (算法) deliver insights on crops’ health weekly through an online platform that farmers can use to make informed decisions about issues such as when to plant, how much agricultural chemicals to use, and how to schedule fertilizer use, weeding, or watering. Last year the company launched EOS SAT-1, a satellite designed and operated only for agriculture. Fees to use the crop-monitoring platform now start at $1.90 per hectare per year for small areas and drop as the farm gets larger. In many developing countries, farming is blocked by lack of data. For centuries, farmers relied on native intelligence rooted in experience and hope, says Daramola John, a professor of agriculture and agricultural technology at Bells University of Technology in southwest Nigeria. “Africa is way behind in the race for modernizing farming,” he says. “And a lot of farmers suffer huge losses because of it.” In the spring of 2024, when the new planting season was to start, a company, Carmi Agro Foods, had used GPS enabled software to map the boundaries of its farm. Its setup on the EOS crop monitoring platform was also completed. The company used the platform to determine the appropriate spacing for the shoots and seeds. The risks of manual monitoring had disappeared. Field-monitoring officers needed only to peer at their phones to know where or when specific spots needed attention on various farms. They were able to pursue weed breakouts quickly and efficiently. This technology is gaining attraction among farmers in other parts of Nigeria and the rest of Africa. More than 242, 000 people in Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America, the United States, and Europe use the EOS crop-monitoring platform. In 2024 alone, 53, 000 more farmers subscribed to the service. One of them is Adewale Adegoke, the CEO of Agro Xchange Technology Services, a company dedicated to boosting crop production using technology and good agricultural practices. Adegoke used the platform on half a million hectares (around 1.25 million acres) owned by 63, 000 farmers. He says the yield of maize farmers using the platform, for instance, grew to two tons per acre, at least twice the national average. Adegoke adds that local farmers, who have been struggling with fluctuating conditions as a result of climate change, have been especially drawn to the platform’s early warning system for weather. “So far, the result has been convincing,” says Adegoke. “We are no longer subjecting the performance of our farms to chance. This time, we are in charge.” 12．What is the main purpose of the company’s technology as described in the passage? A．To develop new agricultural chemicals for enhanced crop growth. B．To provide historical data on crop production for research purposes. C．To enable farmers to make data-driven decisions in their farming practices. D．To offer a platform for farmers to share their experiences and knowledge easily. 13．How did the EOS crop monitoring platform help field-monitoring officers at Carmi Agro Foods? A．By providing them with physical maps of the farm. B．By training them to use new agricultural techniques. C．By allowing them to track weed breakouts efficiently. D．By supplying them with weather updates for planning. 14．What is the main theme of the passage? A．The history and development of satellite technology in agriculture. B．The global distraction of EOS Data Analytics’ services on farming practices. C．The challenges faced by farmers in developing countries due to lack of data. D．The benefits and application of EOS Data Analytics’ crop-monitoring platform. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 抢分秘籍 阅读理解 目录 【高考预测】阅读理解概率预测+题型预测+考向预测 【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略 【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点 【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法） 概率预测 ☆☆☆☆☆ 题型预测 细节理解题（7-8题）、推理判断题（3-4题）、主旨大意题（1-2题）、词义猜测题（0-1题目） 考向预测 体裁：应用文0-1篇、 记叙文0-1篇、 说明文1-2篇、 议论文0-1篇 科技与创新：如人工智能、数字技术、环保科技（如人工智能发展路径）。 环保与可持续发展：如气候变化、污染治理、绿色能源（如“环保与科技结合”）。 教育与社会：如在线学习、跨文化交流、教育公平（如 “心理健康” 和 “多元评价方式”）。 健康与生活方式：如心理健康、运动健康、饮食文化 社会热点与文化：如社会现象评析、文化遗产保护、全球化影响（如 “人文科学抬头趋势”）。 ☆☆☆☆☆ 类型一　标题归纳题 类型二　文章大意题 一、常见 类型三　段落大意题 类型四　词义猜测题 易错点一：细节题易错点 【例1】（2024·北京·高考真题B篇） …………. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.    ………….. 15．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 【答案】15．A 15．细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 秘籍：:圈出题干中的时间词(In her 30s)，直接核对原文对应活动的时间，对比选项时，逐词核对原文，发现关键信息“虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习”故选A。 干扰项：C。干扰词“abstract”。 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模）One thing about AI that worries more people than any other is that it might take their livelihood away. But experts are divided as to whether the technology will bring us a life of leisure or a life of pressure. As ever, the truth probably lies somewhere in the middle. AI won’t take our jobs, but it will change them. Some British economists assumed that robots would take our jobs and our working week would decrease to 15 hours by 2030. In 2013, Michael Osborne at the University of Oxford looked at 702 types of work and ranked them according to how easy it would be to automate them. He found that about under half of all jobs in the US could workably be done by machines within two decades. The list includes jobs such as telemarketers and library technicians. Not far behind were less obviously susceptible jobs, including models and cooks, threatened respectively by digital avatars and robochefs. The least vulnerable included mental health workers and teachers of young children. In general, jobs that performed better required strong social interaction and creative ability. However, others find that list overblown. A paper for the OECD club in 2016 suggested that AI would not be able to do all the tasks associated with all these jobs, particularly those requiring human interaction, and only about 9 percent of jobs are fully automatable. Moreover, past experience shows that jobs tend to evolve (演变，进化) around automation. “Successful innovations are those that complement rather than occupy us,” says Ben Shneiderman, from the University of Maryland. “Technologies are most effective when their designs amplify human abilities. They could help us solve problems, communicate widely or create art,” says Shneiderman. “Robots could be a liberating force by taking away routine work,” says Tom Watson, whose study on AI’s development in employment concludes that AI could create as many jobs as it destroys. He is, however, concerned the increasing of automation has led to the rise in inequality and imbalance in power. “We’ve got to be careful that big corporations and employers don’t accumulate all the benefits while ordinary workers are left to lump the negatives,” he says. How can we adapt? The answer might simply be to update our social frameworks to reflect the new reality of work. Another proposal is an AI tax on companies that are saving money by replacing workers with algorithms. Ultimately we, not AI, are in charge of our own destiny. “There will be unfairness and disruptions,” says Watson. “But the question is: is future human-centered? I say it is.” 11．What can we learn from AI’s development in employment? A．It can help free labours from routine work. B．It makes big corporations bear most negatives. C．It will finally lead to incredible inequality in jobs. D．It destroys occupations faster than it provides them. 12．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A．To offer solutions to mentioned problems. B．To note the future of relative researches. C．To reveal limits of existing perspectives. D．To sum up arguments from both sides 【答案】11．A 12．A 10．细节理解题。根据第三段““Successful innovations are those that complement rather than occupy us,” says Ben Shneiderman, from the University of Maryland. “Technologies are most effective when their designs amplify human abilities. They could help us solve problems, communicate widely or create art,” says Shneiderman.(马里兰大学的本·施奈德曼说：“成功的创新是那些补充而不是占据我们的创新。当技术的设计能够放大人类的能力时，它们是最有效的。它们可以帮助我们解决问题，广泛交流或创造艺术，”施奈德曼说)”可知，成功的自动化有助于发展我们的工作。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Robots could be a liberating force by taking away routine work(机器人可以取代日常工作，从而成为一股解放力量)”可知，人工智能可以帮助人们从日常工作中解脱出来。故选A。 易错点二 ：推理判断题 【例2】（2024·北京·高考真题C篇） …………… Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 21．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】 21．C 21．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 秘籍：:推理题答案必须基于原文明确提到的信息，不添加个人臆断。分析句子结构，找到动作的发出者(主语)或承受者(宾语)。 干扰项：A。干扰原因直接根据最后一段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models,”盲目推断中心是目前的和之前的相比较。 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模） ………….. A “puppy kindergarten” research was set up by Hare’s team to illustrate the heritability of behavioural traits in dogs by observing what service dogs’ behaviour looks like before intensive training begins. Service dogs were selected as the subject for they can always naturally adapt well to the mismatch compared to other kinds. They can pull wheelchairs, operate light switches and interact gently with children. 14．What’s the author’s aim of quoting Gitanjali’s words? A．To reveal that Hare’s research is suspicious. B．To prove the necessity of selective breeding. C．To confirm the value on reforming dogs’ genes. D．To suggest that other factors also need discussing. 【答案】 14．D 14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Genetics is important, but its relative importance is different for different behavioural traits,” says Gitanjali from Emory University.( 来自埃默里大学的Gitanjali说：“基因很重要，但它的相对重要性对于不同的行为特征是不同的。”)”可推知，作者引用Gitanjali的话的目的是暗示其他因素也需要讨论。故选D。 易错点三：主旨大意题 【例3】（2024·北京·高考真题D篇）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. 24．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 【答案】24．D 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 秘籍：: 重点阅读首段“moral code of early humans.?”明确文章目的。检查选项是否覆盖全文内容，排除仅对应某一段的选项。 变式： （2025·北京石景山·一模）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. …………. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility 【答案】 4．D 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”、最后一段“The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 易错点四：词义猜测题 秘籍：对于词义猜测题，可以根据上下文和语境的例证关系推断词义，也可以根据近义词和反义词帮助猜测词义。 （2023·北京·高考真题 D篇） ……… As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. 32．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 【答案】 32．C 32．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 变式： （2025·北京门头沟·一模） ……….. Some British economists assumed that robots would take our jobs and our working week would decrease to 15 hours by 2030. In 2013, Michael Osborne at the University of Oxford looked at 702 types of work and ranked them according to how easy it would be to automate them. He found that about under half of all jobs in the US could workably be done by machines within two decades. The list includes jobs such as telemarketers and library technicians. Not far behind were less obviously susceptible jobs, including models and cooks, threatened respectively by digital avatars and robochefs. The least vulnerable included mental health workers and teachers of young children. In general, jobs that performed better required strong social interaction and creative ability. ………… 9．What does the word “susceptible” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Workable. B．Predictable. C．Replaceable. D．Reliable 【答案】9．C 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“He found that about under half of all jobs in the US could workably be done by machines within two decades. The list includes jobs such as telemarketers and library technicians.(他发现，在美国，不到一半的工作可以在20年内由机器完成。这份名单包括电话推销员和图书馆技术员等工作)”和下文“The least vulnerable included mental health workers and teachers of young children. (最不易受影响的群体包括心理健康工作者和幼儿教师)”可知，上文提到的是容易被取代的职业，下文介绍的不易受影响的职业，由此推知，划线部分所在句子介绍不太容易受影响的职业。结合划线部分下文“including models and cooks(包括模特和厨师)”可知，模特和厨师不是太容易被取代的职业。故划线词意思是“被取代的”。故选C。 Passage 1 （2025·北京顺义·一模）In 2010, four friends, carrying 32 kg worth of camera equipment, sunk beneath the waves of Sodwana Bay, off the east coast of South Africa. It was then that photographer, Laurent Ballesta stared directly into the eyes of a creature once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs — making him the first diver to photograph a living coelacanth (腔棘鱼). But what does it take to be a truly great ocean photographer? Danger, says Ballesta. “I realised that every time a dive is easy, my photos are not good,” he says. “I need to feel I’m in an uncomfortable situation to give my best. If you put me in the Red Sea in 20 m of warm water — I don’t take better images than others.” In an extreme situation on the other hand — one in which he feels he shouldn’t be allowed, that his time is limited, there is an urgency — a switch clicks. Thanks to Ballesta’s work, we now know the coelacanth is among the longest-living fish species, with a life of around 100 years, and has one of the slowest life histories of all ocean fish. Long-lived species are especially sensitive to natural and human stressors, and it is only by observing these creatures in their own habitat that we can really begin to understand them. The coelacanth exploration was a springboard for Ballesta’s exploration career. In2019, Ballesta pioneered a new diving technique, which would allow commercial divers to sink to great depths. He used an electronically managed rebreather for autonomous deep sea exploration — making him the first person to take what could be described as an untied spacewalk deep under the ocean. Ballesta is both an artist and a scientist. His work acts as a window into the unknown — one that we can all look through. 1．What was Laurent Ballesta’s significant achievement in 2010? A．Exploring beneath the Sodwana Bay. B．Taking photos of a living coelacanth. C．Finding the secret of dinosaur extinction. D．Diving with the heaviest camera equipment. 2．What makes Laurent Ballesta give his best? A．Fierce competitions. B．New diving technique. C．Sea animal knowledge. D．Challenging situations. 3．We learn that long-lived fish species ___________. A．live a life of over 100 years B．have the slowest life histories C．are sensitive to human activities D．are easy to adapt to new ecosystems 4．What kind of person is Laurent Ballesta? A．Careful and passionate. B．Brave and creative. C．Modest and hardworking. D．Tough and competitive. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海洋摄影师Laurent Ballesta在2010年拍摄到了被认为已经灭绝的腔棘鱼的活体照片，这一成就开启了他的探索生涯。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was then that photographer, Laurent Ballesta stared directly into the eyes of a creature once thought to have died out with the dinosaurs — making him the first diver to photograph a living coelacanth.(就在那时，摄影师Laurent Ballesta直视着一种曾被认为与恐龙一起灭绝的生物的眼睛——这使他成为第一个拍摄到活体腔棘鱼照片的潜水员。)”可知，Laurent Ballesta在2010年的重大成就是拍摄到活着的腔棘鱼的照片。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“I need to feel I’m in an uncomfortable situation to give my best.(我需要感觉到自己处于不舒服的环境中，才能全力以赴。)”可知，让Laurent Ballesta全力以赴的是具有挑战性的环境。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Long-lived species are especially sensitive to natural and human stressors.(长寿物种对自然和人类压力因素特别敏感。)”可知，长寿鱼类对人类活动很敏感。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“I need to feel I’m in an uncomfortable situation to give my best.(我需要感觉到自己处于不舒服的环境中，才能全力以赴。)”和第四段“He used an electronically managed rebreather for autonomous deep sea exploration — making him the first person to take what could be described as an untied spacewalk deep under the ocean.(他使用电子管理的循环呼吸器进行自主深海探索——这使他成为第一个在深海进行所谓‘无束缚太空漫步’的人。)”此可知，Laurent Ballesta是一个勇敢且有创造力的人。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·北京朝阳·一模）Luther Gerlach’s images enrich the permanent collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles and the National Portrait Gallery in London, among other institutions. While studying his work, one cannot help but revisit the journey he undertook in pursuit of art. Gerlach has dyslexia, a condition that makes it difficult for him to read and spell, and in middle school, it began to affect his studies. At the University of Minnesota, where Gerlach studied biology, his struggle with writing reached a tipping point. Gerlach left the university and entered art school. “Art has never been something that slowed me down, in contrast to the written word,” Gerlach says. After graduating from art school, Gerlach took what he learned and traveled across the United States selling his prints at art fairs. It was the late 1980s, and Gerlach traveled roughly 90,000 miles a year, taking photos along the way. He was making $100,000 a year doing what he loved. But the emergence of digital photography changed everything. Photographers began to use Photoshop to create the hand-brushed quality of Gerlach’s photographs and told customers they were using the same process Gerlach was using. “I would hear them talking — complete lies,” he says. Rather than dive into digital, Gerlach moved into a photographic process that was quite unusual: the wet collodion (火棉胶) process, invented in 1851. The process involves coating a plate of glass or metal with collodion, followed by using a silver nitrate (硝酸银) bath to make the plate sensitive to light. The plate is then placed in a light-tight film holder, with the photo made almost immediately while the plate is still wet. It wasn’t easy when he first started, but Gerlach has always considered “constant problem solving” to be part of the creative process. It made Gerlach feel “present as an artist”. “I saw the final product right there in front of me. The same leaves on the tree that I’m standing in front of are on the image,” Gerlach explains. “The process allowed me to feel more like a photographer instead of a machine that printed prints to sell so I could make money. And when the final product works, nothing else compares to it.” 5．Luther Gerlach’s dyslexia ________. A．forced him to change his major B．drove him to go into business C．made him drop out of middle school D．affected his artistic performance 6．As digital photography emerged, Luther Gerlach ________. A．adopted a unique photographic technique B．set off for new places to take photographs C．praised photographers for using Photoshop D．improved the hand-brushed quality of his photos 7．Why did Luther Gerlach prefer the wet collodion process? A．It was cheap and reliable. B．It was easy and efficient. C．It gave him artistic satisfaction. D．It helped him sell prints for profit. 8．What can we learn from this passage? A．Necessity inspires invention. B．Everything comes to those who wait. C．Hope for the best; prepare for the worst. D．Dare to be different in a world of copycats. 【答案】5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患有阅读障碍症的Luther Gerlach追求艺术生涯的历程。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the University of Minnesota, where Gerlach studied biology, his struggle with writing reached a tipping point. Gerlach left the university and entered art school.(在Gerlach学习生物学的明尼苏达大学，他在写作上的困难达到了一个临界点。Gerlach离开大学，进入了艺术学院)”可知，阅读障碍症迫使Gerlach放弃了生物专业，改学艺术专业。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Rather than dive into digital, Gerlach moved into a photographic process that was quite unusual: the wet collodion (火棉胶) process, invented in 1851.(Gerlach没有深入研究数码技术，而是转向了一种相当不同寻常的摄影方法：1851年发明的湿胶法)”可知，当数码摄影出现时，Gerlach没有跟风研究它， 而是采用了一种独特的摄影技术。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t easy when he first started, but Gerlach has always considered “constant problem solving” to be part of the creative process. It made Gerlach feel “present as an artist”.(刚开始的时候并不容易，但Gerlach一直认为“不断解决问题”是创作过程的一部分，这让Gerlach感到“作为一名艺术家的存在”)”和“The process allowed me to feel more like a photographer instead of a machine that printed prints to sell so I could make money. And when the final product works, nothing else compares to it.(这个过程让我觉得自己更像是一个摄影师，而不是一台打印印刷品出售的机器，这样我就可以赚钱。当最终产品成功时，没有什么能与之相比)”可知，Gerlach更喜欢这种湿胶法的过程，是因为这个创作过程让他感受到自己是一名艺术家，最终的作品也是无与伦比的，从而能够获得艺术上的满足感。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段“Rather than dive into digital, Gerlach moved into a photographic process that was quite unusual: the wet collodion (火棉胶) process, invented in 1851.(Gerlach没有深入研究数码技术，而是转向了一种相当不同寻常的摄影方法：1851年发明的湿胶法)”和最后一段“The process allowed me to feel more like a photographer instead of a machine that printed prints to sell so I could make money. And when the final product works, nothing else compares to it.(这个过程让我觉得自己更像是一个摄影师，而不是一台打印印刷品出售的机器，这样我就可以赚钱。当最终作品成功时，没有什么能与之相比)”及全文内容可知，在数码摄影技术兴起的时候，Gerlach并不盲目跟随潮流、模仿他人，而是敢于探索不同的方法，并不断学习和研究，最终创造出无与伦比的作品，可见在一个充斥着模仿者的世界里，他敢于与众不同。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·北京丰台·一模）Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated( 加速的) expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology (宇宙学), which assumes a steady acceleration. Dark energy is thought to make up nearly 70% of the cosmos, so if its behaviour really is changing as time passes, it could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe. Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate. Dark energy isn’t directly observable, so there are several options that could fit. One solution suggested by Michael Garda at the Federal University in Brazil and his colleagues involves letting dark energy interact with dark matter, an invisible and abundant form of matter that outweighs ordinary matter. This interaction is forbidden in the standard model, but if energy could flow from the universe’s dark matter to its dark energy — essentially changing the former to the latter — the researchers’ simulations (模拟) showed that this would match the DESI measurements. Yet, the mechanism for such an energy transfer isn’t clear. This solution might also help resolve the Hubble tension, a difference in the ways we measure the expansion rate of the cosmos. Measurements of this made by analysing nearby galaxies (known as “local” measurements) give an expansion rate, or Hubble constant, which is slightly higher than the one obtained from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) — the remaining radiation from the early universe. CMB measurements rely on a theoretical model of cosmic evolution, which may need adjustment if Garda’s proposal is correct. By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension. Another proposed solution involves dark radiation, an invisible form of radiation similar to light but composed of dark photons (光子). Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages. “If you have more radiation, the expansion is faster in the early universe,” says Allali. Unlike adjustments to dark energy, dark radiation introduces a new component without changing existing physical laws, making it a more conservative approach. Allali notes that the DESI data does not rule out dark radiation and even shows a slight preference for it. Both models — interacting dark energy and dark radiation — fit the DESI data, but neither has been confirmed. Shawn Smith at the University of Edinburgh, UK, points out that while many unconventional models could explain the observations, none currently compete with the standard cosmological model from a fundamental physics perspective. Nevertheless, these models serve as catalysts for progress, ensuring that cosmology remains a dynamic and evolving field. 9．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The development of scientific models to study the universe. B．The discovery of dark energy and its impact on the universe. C．The importance of DESI in studying the universe’s behavior. D．The attempts to explain the universe’s unexpected expansion. 10．Which of the following might the author agree with? A．Garda’s proposal outperforms Allali’s in its simplicity. B．Recent research has found ways for dark energy transfer. C．The DESI data has confirmed the existence of dark radiation. D．The two models share similarities in reducing Hubble tension. 11．The passage is organized in the pattern of ________. A．cause — effect — solution B．problem—  solution — evaluation C．example —a nalysis — conclusion D．introduction — comparison — result 【答案】9．D 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。DESI 数据表明宇宙膨胀有异常，科研人员提出两种模型解释，虽未证实，但推动了宇宙学发展。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in Arizona, which produced the largest 3D map of the universe, suggest that dark energy — the mysterious force driving the universe’s accelerated expansion — might change over time. This challenges the standard model of cosmology, which assumes a steady acceleration.(亚利桑那州的暗能量光谱仪（DESI）最近的发现绘制出了宇宙最大的三维地图，表明暗能量 —— 驱动宇宙加速膨胀的神秘力量 —— 可能会随时间变化。这挑战了假设宇宙是稳定加速的标准宇宙学模型)”可知，宇宙的膨胀出现了与标准模型不符的情况。再结合第三段“Since the DESI data came out, researchers have been working on ways to explain the apparent changes in the universe’s expansion rate.(自从 DESI 数据公布以来，研究人员一直在努力寻找方法来解释宇宙膨胀率的明显变化)”可知，本文主要讲的是对解释宇宙意外膨胀的尝试。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“By allowing energy transfer between dark matter and dark energy, the adjusted model could bring CMB-based estimates more closely into line with local measurements, potentially resolving the tension.(通过允许暗物质和暗能量之间的能量转移，调整后的模型可以使基于宇宙微波背景（CMB）的估计值更接近局部测量值，有可能解决哈勃张力问题)”以及第五段“Tamar Allali at Brown University and his team suggest that dark radiation could explain the DESI data and lessened the Hubble tension by increasing the universe’s expansion rate in its early stages.(布朗大学的塔玛尔・阿拉利（Tamar Allali）和他的团队认为，暗辐射可以解释 DESI 数据，并通过提高宇宙早期的膨胀率来减轻哈勃张力)” 可知，这两种模型都在减少哈勃张力方面有相似之处，即都有可能解决哈勃张力问题。故选D。 11．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出了问题，即暗能量可能随时间变化，挑战了标准宇宙学模型，宇宙膨胀出现意外情况；第三、四、五段介绍了两种解释宇宙膨胀率变化的解决方案，即让暗能量与暗物质相互作用和暗辐射的模型；第六段对这两种模型进行了评价，指出它们都符合 DESI 数据，但都未得到证实，且目前没有一个能从基础物理学角度与标准宇宙学模型竞争，不过它们推动了宇宙学的发展。由此推知，文章是按照“问题 — 解决方案 — 评价”的模式组织的。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025·北京平谷·一模）A Space-based Farmhand for Hire EOS Data Analytics is a California-based provider of satellite imagery and data for precision farming. The company uses wavelengths of light, which passes through plant crowns and can be used to measure a range of variables, including moisture level and element content. EOS’s models and algorithms (算法) deliver insights on crops’ health weekly through an online platform that farmers can use to make informed decisions about issues such as when to plant, how much agricultural chemicals to use, and how to schedule fertilizer use, weeding, or watering. Last year the company launched EOS SAT-1, a satellite designed and operated only for agriculture. Fees to use the crop-monitoring platform now start at $1.90 per hectare per year for small areas and drop as the farm gets larger. In many developing countries, farming is blocked by lack of data. For centuries, farmers relied on native intelligence rooted in experience and hope, says Daramola John, a professor of agriculture and agricultural technology at Bells University of Technology in southwest Nigeria. “Africa is way behind in the race for modernizing farming,” he says. “And a lot of farmers suffer huge losses because of it.” In the spring of 2024, when the new planting season was to start, a company, Carmi Agro Foods, had used GPS enabled software to map the boundaries of its farm. Its setup on the EOS crop monitoring platform was also completed. The company used the platform to determine the appropriate spacing for the shoots and seeds. The risks of manual monitoring had disappeared. Field-monitoring officers needed only to peer at their phones to know where or when specific spots needed attention on various farms. They were able to pursue weed breakouts quickly and efficiently. This technology is gaining attraction among farmers in other parts of Nigeria and the rest of Africa. More than 242, 000 people in Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America, the United States, and Europe use the EOS crop-monitoring platform. In 2024 alone, 53, 000 more farmers subscribed to the service. One of them is Adewale Adegoke, the CEO of Agro Xchange Technology Services, a company dedicated to boosting crop production using technology and good agricultural practices. Adegoke used the platform on half a million hectares (around 1.25 million acres) owned by 63, 000 farmers. He says the yield of maize farmers using the platform, for instance, grew to two tons per acre, at least twice the national average. Adegoke adds that local farmers, who have been struggling with fluctuating conditions as a result of climate change, have been especially drawn to the platform’s early warning system for weather. “So far, the result has been convincing,” says Adegoke. “We are no longer subjecting the performance of our farms to chance. This time, we are in charge.” 12．What is the main purpose of the company’s technology as described in the passage? A．To develop new agricultural chemicals for enhanced crop growth. B．To provide historical data on crop production for research purposes. C．To enable farmers to make data-driven decisions in their farming practices. D．To offer a platform for farmers to share their experiences and knowledge easily. 13．How did the EOS crop monitoring platform help field-monitoring officers at Carmi Agro Foods? A．By providing them with physical maps of the farm. B．By training them to use new agricultural techniques. C．By allowing them to track weed breakouts efficiently. D．By supplying them with weather updates for planning. 14．What is the main theme of the passage? A．The history and development of satellite technology in agriculture. B．The global distraction of EOS Data Analytics’ services on farming practices. C．The challenges faced by farmers in developing countries due to lack of data. D．The benefits and application of EOS Data Analytics’ crop-monitoring platform. 【答案】12．C 13．C 14．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了EOS Data Analytics的卫星作物监测平台，该平台通过提供详细的农作物健康数据帮助农民做出精准决策，特别强调了其在提高发展中国家农业生产力方面的应用与成效。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“EOS Data Analytics is a California-based provider of satellite imagery and data for precision farming. The company uses wavelengths of light, which passes through plant crowns and can be used to measure a range of variables, including moisture level and element content.(EOS Data Analytics是一家总部位于加利福尼亚州的精准农业卫星图像和数据提供商。该公司使用穿过植物冠的光的波长，可用于测量一系列变量，包括水分水平和元素含量)”以及第二段“EOS’s models and algorithms (算法) deliver insights on crops’ health weekly through an online platform that farmers can use to make informed decisions about issues such as when to plant, how much agricultural chemicals to use, and how to schedule fertilizer use, weeding, or watering.(EOS的模型和算法每周通过一个在线平台提供有关作物健康的见解，农民可以使用该平台就何时种植、使用多少农用化学品以及如何安排肥料使用、除草或浇水等问题做出明智的决定)”可知，EOS Data Analytics公司提供的技术主要是为了帮助农民通过卫星图像和数据做出关于种植、使用农业化学品、施肥、除草或浇水的明智决策。因此，该公司的主要目的是使农民能够在农业生产中利用数据驱动的方式做出决策。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第五段“Field-monitoring officers needed only to peer at their phones to know where or when specific spots needed attention on various farms. They were able to pursue weed breakouts quickly and efficiently.(现场监测人员只需查看他们的手机，就可以知道各个农场的特定地点在何时何地需要关注。他们能够快速有效地消灭杂草)”可知，通过使用EOS作物监测平台，田间监控人员只需要查看他们的手机就可以知道哪些特定地点需要关注，并且能够快速有效地应对杂草爆发。因此，EOS作物监测平台帮助田间监控监控的地方在于通过允许他们高效地追踪杂草爆发情况。故选C。 14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“EOS Data Analytics is a California-based provider of satellite imagery and data for precision farming. The company uses wavelengths of light, which passes through plant crowns and can be used to measure a range of variables, including moisture level and element content.(EOS Data Analytics是一家总部位于加利福尼亚州的精准农业卫星图像和数据提供商。该公司使用穿过植物冠的光的波长，可用于测量一系列变量，包括水分水平和元素含量)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了EOS Data Analytics的卫星作物监测平台，该平台通过提供详细的农作物健康数据帮助农民做出精准决策，特别强调了其在提高发展中国家农业生产力方面的应用与成效。故选D。 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$