高二英语期中模拟卷（上海通用）-学易金卷：2024-2025学年高中下学期期中模拟考试

绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中模拟卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三全册 （上海通用） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That 1 (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, 2 (regard) as interactions. Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions 3 one person asked for something and another responded. They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, 4 (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time. English and Italian speakers had slightly 5 (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering 6 polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says. Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, 7 zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense 8 you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”. Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the 9 (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word 10 (express) gratitude,” he says. 【答案】 1．included 2．were regarded 3．in which/where 4．occurring 5．higher 6．how 7．with 8．once 9．constructed 10．to express 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细描述了人类学家进行的一项跨文化研究，探讨了不同文化中人们如何表达感激之情，并对研究结果进行了分析和解释。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这包括英语、意大利语、波兰语、俄语和老挝语，以及一些不成文的语言，如厄瓜多尔使用的Cha’palaa语、澳大利亚北部使用的Murrinh-Patha语和加纳使用的Siwu语。include作本句谓语，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时。故填included。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：口头和非口头表达的感激，如微笑或点头，都被视为互动。regard作本句谓语，和主语Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were regarded。 3．考查定语从句。句意：Floyd的团队在家庭和社区设置了摄像头，并捕捉了1500多个社交互动的实例，其中一个人提出要求，另一个人回应。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是social interactions，在从句中作地点状语，用where或者in which引导。故填where/in which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现，在每种文化中，人们都会完成请求，但表达感激之情，比如说“谢谢”或点头表示赞赏，却非常罕见，只占5.5%。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语动词，occur和逻辑主语expressions of gratitude之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填occurring。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：说英语和意大利语的人表达感激之情的比例略高，分别为14.5%和13.5%。结合语境可知，此处有比较的含义，表示“更高的比例”，且前面有副词slightly修饰，所以用形容词high的比较级形式。故填higher。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，Floyd说，考虑到西方人认为自己多么有礼貌，这个比例仍然低得令人惊讶。此处是一个宾语从句，从句是主系表结构，空处修饰形容词polite，应用连接副词how引导宾语从句，表示“西方人认为自己多么有礼貌”。故填how。 7．考查介词。句意：在96次记录的互动中，Cha’palaa语使用者表达感激的频率最低，为零。结合“zero examples in 96 recorded interactions”可知，此处表示“有着”，用介词with。故填with。 8．考查状语从句。句意：但一旦你了解到这门语言没有简单的方式说“谢谢”，这就开始说得通了。空处前后为两个句子，所以空处应填连词，结合前后内容可知，此处表达“一旦”之意，应用once引导条件状语从句。故填once。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样对这些发现感到惊讶的还有语言学家David Peterson，他为电视剧《权力的游戏》创造了一种构造语言Dothraki语。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰language，且language和construct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填constructed。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“我以为你必须有一个词来表达感激之情。”本句已有谓语，所以express用非谓语形式，此处表word的功能，用不定式作定语，表示“一个用来表达感激之情的词”。故填to express。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 【答案】 11．C 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．H 16．E 17．A 18．J 19．L 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了攀岩运动在美国和其他地方越来越受欢迎。 11．考查名词。句意：今年6月，他成功地爬上了900米高的垂直岩壁，在岩壁的边缘勉强够指尖触碰。根据句意“指尖”可知，此处为名词fingertip，作介词for的宾语，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选C。 12．考查动词。句意：Honnold承受不起任何疏忽。根据句意“负担得起”可知，此处为动词afford，位于情态动词could后面，使用动词原形。故选D。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他掉下去，没有绳子保护他。根据句意“保护”可知，此处为动词secure，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选F。 14．考查名词。句意：经过四个小时的力量和精确度的展示，这位31岁的男子安全地挑战了自己。根据句意“展示”可知，此处为名词display，位于介词after之后，需用名词作宾语。故选G。 15．考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan之前也有过无合伙人攀登的经历，包括霍诺德，但从来没有像他这样。根据句意“无伴的”可知，此处为形容词partnerless。故选H。 16．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。根据句意“最纯粹的”可知，此处为固定搭配at its purest。故选E。 17．考查动词时态语态。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配得上同伴们的称赞。根据句意“匹配”可知，此处为动词match，Praise和match为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词matched。故选A。 18．考查形容词最高级。2015年，另外两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔格森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条攀登黎明墙的路线，这是EI Capitan最光秃秃的部分。根据句意“最光秃秃的”可知，此处为形容词最高级blankest，作定语，修饰名词part。故选J。 19．考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩被正式纳入2020年东京奥运会项目。根据句意“正式地”可知，此处为副词officially，作状语修饰动词短语was accepted into。故选L。 20．考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，攀岩馆在全球范围内出现，使这项运动更安全，更容易为普通人所接受。根据句意“对……可接触的”可知，此处为固定短语accessible to。故选B。 II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries 21 the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also 22 that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the 23 and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency. 24 about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has 25 this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are 26 to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations 27 the proposed system. “We 28 need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF 29 products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in 30 and in safety,” he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people 31 their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be 32 include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. But Van Tulleken says that the evidence 33 UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The 34 of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel 35 until long after you’ve finished. 21．A．analyze B．assess C．confirm D．estimate 22．A．complained B．suspected C．warned D．threatened 23．A．authority B．expert C．experiment D．science 24．A．Concerns B．Challenges C．Questions D．Issues 25．A．come into being B．come into focus C．sprung up D．made sense 26．A．advised B．discouraged C．required D．forbidden 27．A．justified B．approved C．supported D．rejected 28．A．absolutely B．occasionally C．typically D．primarily 29．A．accepts B．excludes C．includes D．conclude 30．A．popularity B．nutrition C．use D．production 31．A．reduce B．increase C．balance D．calculate 32．A．essential B．beneficial C．influential D．artificial 33．A．for B．beyond C．against D．from 34．A．evolution B．transformation C．construction D．destruction 35．A．full B．satisfied C．refreshed D．delighted 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，专家指出超加工食品不总是不健康的，研究人员指出超加工食品既有优点又有缺点，人们应该理性看待。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一组科学家说，目前英国和大多数其他国家评估食物营养价值的方法——通常是根据它们含有多少脂肪、盐、糖和卡路里——仍然是实现健康饮食的最佳方法。A. analyze分析；B. assess评估；C. confirm证实；D. estimate估计。根据“which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain”可知，这是大多数国家评估食物营养价值的方法。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还警告说，不吃所有超加工食品的人可能会使他们的饮食更不健康，例如，如果他们不吃酸奶、低脂酱、全麦面包和谷物制成的食物。A. complained抱怨；B. suspected怀疑；C. warned警告；D. threatened威胁。根据“that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy”可知，科学家们还警告说，如果不吃所有的加工食品会导致饮食不健康。故选C项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国食品标准局(Food Standards Agency)首席科学顾问罗宾•梅(Robin May)表示：“我们需要以科学为导向，而不是下意识地把所有超加工食品都一视同仁。”A. authority权威；B. expert专家；C. experiment实验；D. science科学。根据“not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same”可知，梅表示，我们不能一刀切，要根据科学判断食物的营养价值。故选D项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们对加工食品的担忧一直在增加，但目前还不清楚它们是否有什么独特的坏处，还是它们只是脂肪和糖等物质含量更高。A. Concerns担忧；B. Challenges挑战；C. Questions问题；D. Issues议题。根据“about processed foods have been growing”可知，人们对于加工食物的担忧一直在增加。故选A项。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从医生兼电视节目主持人克里斯·范·图勒肯出版了一本名为《超加工人群:为什么我们都吃不是食物的东西……》的书以来，这个问题今年成为了人们关注的焦点：为什么我们不能停止？A. come into being产生；B. come into focus变得清晰，成为关注；C. sprung up大量涌现；D. made sense有意义。根据前文“___4___about processed foods have been growing”可知，对于加工食品的关注一直在增长。故选B项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克里斯·范·图勒肯呼吁更多国家采用巴西首创的饮食指南，建议人们优先食用天然食物和自制食物，避免食用工厂生产的食品。A. advised建议；B. discouraged使泄气；C. required需要，要求；D. forbidden禁止。根据“to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods”及“adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil”可知，在巴西，人们被建议优先食用天然食物和自制食物，避免食用工厂生产的食品。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月27日，营养组织的研究人员拒绝了这一提议。A. justified证明…正确，为……辩护；B. approved赞同；C. supported支持；D. rejected拒绝。根据“We___8___need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world”可知，研究人员拒绝了上文提到了只食用天然食物的提议。故选D项。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国营养基金会成员、英国利兹大学的梅说：“我们绝对需要加工食品，这样我们才能养活世界。”A. absolutely完全地，绝对地；B. occasionally偶然；C. typically典型地，通常；D. primarily主要地。根据“so that we can feed the world”可知，加工食品是绝对需要的，很多人需要吃它。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅还说，超加工食品包括健康和不健康的产品。A. accepts接受；B. excludes排除；C. includes包括；D. conclude断定。根据“products that are both healthy and unhealthy”可知，超加工食品也包含健康和不健康两种食物。故选C项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“重要的是，我们不能把婴儿连同洗澡水一起倒掉。有许多成分在营养和安全方面发挥着非常重要的作用，”他说。A. popularity流行；B. nutrition营养；C. use使用；D. production生产。根据“There are many components that have a very important role to play in ___10___ and in safety”可推知，超加工食物的成分有一些也是营养性很高的。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅说，食品加工的好处包括使用防腐剂，使食物保存得更久，使用人工甜味剂，帮助人们减少糖的摄入量。A. reduce减少；B. increase增加；C. balance平衡；D. calculate计算。根据“artificial sweeteners that help people___11___their sugar intake”可知，加工食物中的甜味剂能减少人们对于糖的摄入。故选A项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该小组表示，其他有益的加工食品包括婴儿食品、婴儿配方奶粉和添加维生素和矿物质的面包。A. essential必要的；B. beneficial有益的；C. influential有影响的；D. artificial人工的。根据“baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals”可知，这些是有益的超加工食物的例子。故选B项。 33．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但范·图勒肯表示，反对超加工食品的证据很充分。A. for赞同；B. beyond超越；C. against靠着，反对；D. from来自。根据后文“There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body”可知，有很多反对超加工食品的证据。选项C项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：工业加工对食品结构的破坏意味着超加工食品通常是软的。A. evolution进化；B. transformation变化；C. construction建设；D. destruction摧毁，破坏。根据“by industrial processing”可知，工业加工会破坏食物原本结构。故选D项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着你吃得很快，这意味着你每分钟摄入更多的卡路里，直到你吃完很久才觉得饱。A. full饱的；B. satisfied满足的；C. refreshed恢复精神的；D. delighted高兴的。根据“means that UPF is, in general, soft”及“until long after you’ve finished”可知，由于加工食物很软，所以会吃较快，当全部吃完后，才会有饱腹感。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense. My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about. ‘Are you okay?’ my friend asks, taking her eyes off the road to study my expression with her all-knowing eyes. ‘Just tired,’ I say. She accepts my lie with an unconvinced shrug. I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids. I laugh at the thought. ‘Something funny?’ my friend asks. ‘Oh, just a memory,’ I say. ‘The little kids in northern Thailand were so friendly. When we’d pass them in the street, they’d greet us at the top of their lungs in their native language.’ ‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’. Home improvements, kids, full-time jobs: these are the standard conversation topics of thirty-something women. In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain. If they are all grownups now, what does that make me? People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots. 36．How does the author feel on her arrival in Australia? A．Interested. B．Conflicted. C．Exhausted. D．Excited. 37．What can be learned about the conversation between the author and her friend? A．They have different interests and lives as grownups. B．They share fond memories of growing up together. C．They care about and provide updates for each other. D．They enjoy telling personal stories to exchange ideas. 38．By “If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?” (in the second last paragraph), the author means _________. A．they make me think of growing up as they do B．we are all adults who will eventually settle down C．a comfortable home is what we all need as adults D．diverse experiences shape individuals’ life paths 39．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Feeling Lost When Back in Australia B．The Excitement of Traveling to Australia C．Australia: A Place like Asia in My Heart D．Out of Asia, Out of Mind 【答案】36．B 37．A 38．D 39．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者回到家乡澳大利亚后发现自己对家乡的一切都感到陌生，找不到归属感，这让她感到很失落。 36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。)”和第四段第三句到最后一句“I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids.(我一直在脑海中搜寻，希望能把亚洲偏远城镇的画面重新聚焦起来：沸腾的锅里冒出的蒸汽，装满奇怪水果的篮子，和小孩子在一起的巨型猪。)”可知，作者到达澳大利亚时心情很矛盾。故选B。 37．推理判断题。根据第二段“My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about.(我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗?”’表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和第八段前三句“‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’.(“酷！”她说，然后——“嘿，你猜怎么着？我重新装修了我的浴室！“哇！”我说。然后她详细介绍了她的浴室计划，我就会“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”)”可知，从作者和朋友之间的对话可以了解到作为成年人她们有不同的兴趣和生活。故选A。 38．词句猜测题。根据第八段倒第二句“In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain.(在我离开后的几年里，我的朋友们已经成熟为负责任的成年人，但我却完全被困在了另一个地方，坐在一辆沿着喜马拉雅山脉边缘行驶的当地巴士上更舒服。)”可知，“If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?（如果他们现在都是大人了，那我算什么?）”的意思是不同的经历塑造了个人的人生道路。故选D。 39．主旨大意题。根据前两段“Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense.My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about.(澳大利亚看起来比我记忆中的更棕色、更平坦；这里到处都是干草，点缀着坚韧的灌木丛和不起眼的建筑。灯光非常强烈。我的朋友坐在驾驶座上不停地说话，我的回应是“啊哈”和“哦，真的吗？”表现出对她那一串关于我早已忘记的人的闲话感兴趣，那些人的故事我也不再关心了。)”和最后一段“People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots.(人们都说旅行会改变你，但我从来没有想到会是这样。我闭上眼睛，重新回到以每小时565英里的速度驶向异国荒野的兴奋中。但这次我必须留下来。我的父亲被诊断出患有一种严重的疾病，所以我回到了现实，回到了我的根。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者在回到家乡澳大利亚之后的失落心情。故选A。 (B) As lockdown starts to slowly lift, it's such a treat to be able to travel around the appealing coastline or book holidays in the UK again.■Camber Sands The impressive dunes（沙丘）system that makes Camber Sands the south coast's most Arabian-looking beach destination is fled with wonders. A number of “desert” films were shot here, including Cary On Follow That Camel. Getting there: one hour 40 minutes by train from London St Pancras International to Rye, with a change at Ashford and a short bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Tankerton Beach Tankerton Beach offers lovely views. When you've had your fill of beach time, it's time for a bellyful of the town's native oysters（牡蛎）; head for Harbour Street and High Street for a fantastic selection of places to try them. Getting there: one hour 20 minutes by train from London Victoria; about one hour 40 minutes by car.■West Wittering A huge Blue Flag beach makes this West Wittering one of the south coast's finest for all kinds of beach activities. You can get involved in sunbathing and safe swimming (lifeguards patrol（巡逻） here in the summer months), go rock-pooling or just explore the ecology of the beach. Getting there: one hour 30 minutes by train from London Victoria to Chichester, plus a bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Dungeness Rediscover your childhood on a steam railway, explore strange World War I radar devices and discover old railroad car in this most magic place of Dungeness. There's some wonderful landscaping to enjoy, especially filmmaker Derek Jarman's separated home and garden. Getting there: one hour by train from London St Pancras International to Folk stone, with a one hour 30 minute bus ride to Dungeness; about two hours by car. 40．What is the advantage of travelling to Tankerton Beach in transportation? A．It takes the shortest time by car. B．It offers lovely views on the way. C．A short bus ride is also available. D．You can get there with a change. 41．What can you do in West Wittering? A．Surf with friends. B．Taste delicious seafoods. C．Swim with lifeguards. D．Explore water between rocks. 42．If you are a movie fan of Derek Jarman, which place will you choose? A．Camber Sands. B．Tankerton Beach. C．West Wittering. D．Dungeness. 【答案】40．A 41．D 42．D 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四处海边度假地点及前往那里需要乘坐的交通工具和所需要的时间。 40．细节理解题。根据Camber Sands部分第二段最后一句中的“about two hours by car”（开车大约两个小时）, Tankerton Beach部分第二段最后一句中的“about one hour 40 minutes by car”（开车大约1小时40分钟）, West Wittering部分第二段最后一句中的“about two hours by car”（开车大约两个小时）以及Dungeness部分第二段最后一句中的“about two hours by car”（开车大约两个小时）可知，Tankert on Beach在交通方面的优势是开车前往那里所需要的时间最短。故选A。 41．细节理解题。根据West Wittering部分第一段最后一句中的“go rock-pooling or just explore the ecology of the beach”（去岩石池或者只是探索海滩的生态）可知，在West Wittering你可以在岩石之间的潮水潭探险。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据Dungeness部分第一段第二句“There's some wonderful landscaping to enjoy, especially filmmaker Derek Jarman's separated home and garden.”（这里有一些美妙的景观可以欣赏，尤其是电影制作人德里克·贾曼(Derek Jarman)的独立住宅和花园）可知，如果你是Derek Jarman的影迷，你可以去Dungeness，故选D。 (C) Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit (GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. The GPU’s ability to speed up complex tasks has since found wider uses: video editing, cryptocurrency mining and most recently, the training of artificial intelligence. AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most, argues Andreessen Horowitz, a venture-capital (VC) firm. Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in “Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to churn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. AI represents an “explosion of opportunity” and could drastically change the landscape of game development. Making a game is already easier than it was: nearly 13,000 titles were published last year on Steam, a games platform, almost double the number in 2017. Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. Last month Raja Koduri, an executive at Intel, left the chip maker to found an AI-gaming startup. Don’t count the big studios out, though. If they can release half a dozen high-quality titles a year instead of a couple, it might chip away at the hit-driven nature of their business, says Josh Chapman of Konvoy, a gaming focused VC firm. A world of more choices also favors those with big marketing budgets. And the giants may have better answers to the mounting copyright questions around AI. If generative models have to be trained on data to which the developer has the rights, those with big back-catalogues will be better placed than startups. Trent Kaniuga, an artist who has worked on games like “Fortnite”, said last month that several clients had updated their contracts to ban AI-generated art. If the lawyers don’t intervene, unions might. Studios diplomatically refer to AI assistants as “co-pilots”, not replacements for humans. 43．The original purpose behind the invention of the graphics-processing unit (GPU) was to ________. A．speed up complex tasks in video editing and cryptocurrency mining B．assist in the developing and training of artificial intelligence C．disrupt the industry and create new outputs using generative AI D．offload game visual tasks from the central processor 44．How might the rise of AI-gaming startups affect the development of the gaming industry? A．It contributes to the growth of user-generated content. B．It facilitates blockbuster dependency on big studios. C．It decreases collaboration between different stakeholders in the industry. D．It may help to consolidate the gaming market under major corporations. 45．What can be inferred about the role of artificial intelligence in gaming? A．AI favors the businesses with small marketing budgets. B．AI is expected to simplify game development processes. C．AI allows startups to gain an edge over big firms with authorized data. D．AI assistants may serve as human substitutes for studios. 46．What is this passage mainly about? A．The evolution of graphics-processing units (GPUs). B．The impact of generative AI on the gaming industry. C．The societal significance of graphics-processing units (GPUs). D．The challenges generative AI presents to gaming studios. 【答案】43．D 44．A 45．B 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能对游戏产业带来的影响，人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，可以被用来创造新的游戏内容，并且可能改变游戏开发的格局。小型公司可能会更快地意识到人工智能可能带来的新机遇，但大型工作室也能够利用人工智能技术来增强他们的业务。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit (GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. (在屏幕上高速抛出色彩鲜艳的物体并不是计算机中央处理器的设计目的。因此，大型机台制造商发明了图形处理器(GPU)，这是一组电路，可以在中央处理器完成工作的同时处理视频游戏的视觉效果)”可知，发明图形处理器最初的目的是将游戏视觉任务从中央处理器中转移出来。故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. (游戏行业可能很快就会像音乐和视频行业一样，Spotify或YouTube上的大多数新内容都是用户生成的。一位游戏行业高管预测，小型公司将最快发现人工智能可能带来的新类型)”可知，人工智能游戏初创公司的崛起可能会促进用户生成内容的增长。故选A项。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. (娱乐的每个部分都将受到生成式人工智能的影响，它可以消化文本、图像、音频或视频的输入，以创造相同的新输出)”和“Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in “Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to churn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. (游戏的互动性要求它们充满精心设计的内容：想想最近的牛仔冒险游戏《荒野大镖客2》中30平方英里的风景或60小时的音乐。招募人工智能助手来制作它可以大大缩短时间和预算)”可推知，游戏领域的人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，节省大量的时间和投入。故选B项。 46．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most (人工智能现在正在颠覆帮助它诞生的行业。娱乐的每个部分都将受到生成式人工智能的影响，它可以消化文本、图像、音频或视频的输入，以创造相同的新输出。但变化最大的将是游戏行业)”可知，文章主要围绕生成式人工智能对游戏行业的影响展开，介绍了人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，可以被用来创造新的游戏内容，并且可能改变游戏开发的格局。小型公司可能会更快地意识到人工智能可能带来的新机遇，但大型工作室也能够利用人工智能技术来增强他们的业务。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 47 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. 48 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 49 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience—you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. 50 A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practise periods. B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E．Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings and high blood pressure. F．If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. 【答案】47．B 48．D 49．A 50．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述“耐心”。耐心的品质对你创造一个更平和、更有爱的自我的目标大有帮助。你越有耐心，你就会越能接受生活的本来面目，而不是坚持生活就是你想要的样子。 47．根据前句“Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (没有耐心，生活是极其令人沮丧的。)”和后句“Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. (耐心会给你的生活增添一些轻松和接纳。)”可知，这里介绍没有耐心带来的烦恼。所以B项“You are more easily annoyed and bothered.（你更容易生气和烦恼。）”符合上下文语境。故选B。 48．根据后句“If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. (如果你遇到交通堵塞，约会迟到，耐心意味着在你的思维失控之前，不要让自己堆积一个心理雪球，并温柔地提醒自己放松。)”可知，遇到不开心的事情也要有耐心。所以D项“Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it.（要变得更有耐心，就要敞开你的心扉，即使你不喜欢，也要活在当下。）符合上下文语境。故选D。 49．根据前句“Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. (耐心是一种可以通过有意识的练习大大提高的心的品质。)”和后句“They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. (它们是我在头脑中建立起来的一段时间来练习耐心的艺术。)”可知，耐心是可以通过练习来实现的。A项 “An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods.（我发现一个加深自己耐心的有效方法是进行实际训练。）符合上下文语境。故选A。 50．根据前句“You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. (你会看到即使是困难的情况，比如你现在面临的挑战，也不是“生或死”，而只是一个必须处理的小障碍。)”可知，这里介绍遇到困难没有耐心的情况。E项 “Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings.（如果没有耐心，你会看到和紧急情况一样的场景，充满了叫喊、沮丧和受伤的感觉。）符合上下文语境。故选E。 III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day. It might seem like a stressful time when the pressure is on to pass that all-important test but take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you. Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades. One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can remember the information you have revised. And it’s good to get relaxed before bedtime too — no watching TV or chatting on social media! There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information so you’ll also need to know when to stop. Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council says sitting on your bed when you’re cramming (死记硬背) is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone. Nutritionist suggests starting your day with brain-boosting foods like oats and eggs. Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance. Prioritize a good night's sleep for better memory. Taking breaks while studying and rewarding yourself with a small treat are useful to reduce stress. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。如果感到考试焦虑，不止你一个人这样。营养学家建议，每天从燕麦和鸡蛋等健脑食物开始。多喝水可以提高考试成绩。优先保证良好的睡眠，以提高记忆力。学习时休息一下，给自己一点小奖励，有助于减轻压力。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. ②Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. ③And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades. ④One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. ⑤Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block. 2.缜密构思 将第一个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone. Nutritionist suggests starting your day with brain-boosting foods like oats and eggs. Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance. Prioritize a good night's sleep for better memory. Taking breaks while studying and rewarding yourself with a small treat are useful to reduce stress. 【点睛】[高分句型1]If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone.（运用了if引导条件状语从句对原文第一段进行了概括） [高分句型2]Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance.（运用了which引导的定语从句对第二段部分内容进行了概括） IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．显而易见，没有实地调查就很难获取一手信息，匆匆得出的结论最终经不起推敲。(end up)(汉译英) 【答案】It is obvious that without field investigation, it is difficult to obtain first-hand information, and conclusions made hastily will end up not standing up to scrutiny. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“显而易见”句型为It is obvious that…；表示“没有实地调查”短语为without field investigation；表示“……困难”应用it is difficult to do sth.，it作形式主语；表示“获取一手信息”短语为obtain first-hand information；表示“匆匆得出的结论”翻译为conclusions made hastily，为过去分词作定语；表示“最终……”短语为end up doings sth.，为一般将来时；表示“经不起推敲”应用not standing up to scrutiny。故翻译为It is obvious that without field investigation, it is difficult to obtain first-hand information, and conclusions made hastily will end up not standing up to scrutiny. 53．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) 【答案】In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致，祈使句和固定短语。“万一”是in case，其后跟that引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，可省略that，“电梯”是the elevator，“出故障”是be out of order，主语elevator是单数，be动词用is，“请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修”用祈使句，动词用原形，“发出警告”是give a warning，“并且”是and，“安排某人做某事”是arrange for sb. to do sth.，“机械师”是a mechanic，“维修”是repair，用it指代the elevator，作repair的宾语，因此整句话翻译为“In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it”。故答案为In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 54．沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英) 【答案】Being addicted to watching short videos of online celebrities always distracts her while studying. 【详解】考查固定短语，动名词和时态。表示沉迷于译为“be addicted to”，作主语，应用动名词形式，表示刷网红短视频译为“watch short videos of online celebrities”，接在介词to后，应用动名词，表示使某人分心译为“distract”，作谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，总译为“always”，表示她译为“her”，作宾语，学习时译为“while studying”，故翻译为Being addicted to watching short videos of online celebrities always distracts her while studying. 55．无论是给予陌生人一句赞美之词，还是为他扶一下门，小小的善举都会产生很大的影响，所以为何不把日行一善作为目标呢？(Whether) (汉译英) 【答案】Whether it’s giving a stranger a compliment or holding a door for him, small acts of kindness can make a big difference, so why not make it your goal to do one act of kindness every day? 【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、名词短语和固定句型。“无论是……还是……”可用固定句型whether it’s… or…，whether引导让步状语从句，“给予陌生人一句赞美之词”可用动词名短语giving a stranger a compliment，“为他扶一下门”可用动词名短语holding a door for him，这两个动名词短语作表语；主句的主语“小小的善举”可用名词短语small acts of kindness，“会”可用情态动词can，“产生很大的影响”可用动词短语make a big difference；“所以”可用连词so，“为何不做某事”可用固定句型why not do sth.，“把……作为（你的）目标”可用动词短语make it your goal to do sth.，其中it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语，“日行一善”可用动词短语do one act of kindness every day。故可译为：Whether it’s giving a stranger a compliment or holding a door for him, small acts of kindness can make a big difference, so why not make it your goal to do one act of kindness every day? V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 93. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Penny过于依赖电子词典来完成英语作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习。写封邮件说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业，在邮件中，你必须： 1）对Penny的行为表示担忧； 2）给出你的具体建议并说明理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   Dear Penny,   Recently I noticed that you rely too much on the electronic dictionary when you finish your English homework, which makes me a little worried.       To help you make better use of the electronic dictionary and improve your English learning, I suggest you take the following measures. Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as word roots and affixes. This will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory. Before you finish your English homework, take the time to review and preview your vocabulary and grammar. This will help you use English more confidently and reduce the number of times you have to consult an electronic dictionary.         I believe that as long as you can use the electronic dictionary properly and follow the above suggestions, your English study will get better results.         Look forward to your future study to make greater progress!                                                                                                                                     Yours                                                                                                                                     Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友Penny写封邮件，说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业。 【详解】1.词汇积累 最近：recently→lately 担心的：worried→concerned 首先：firstly→first and foremost 适当地：properly→appropriately 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as word roots and . This will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory. 拓展句：Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as roots and affixes, which will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently I noticed that you rely too much on the electronic dictionary when you finish your English homework, which makes me a little worried. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I believe that as long as you can use the electronic dictionary properly and follow the above suggestions, your English study will get better results.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as long as引导条件状语从句) 试卷第22页，共22页 试卷第21页，共22页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ) ( ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ) ( 此卷只装订 不密封 ) ( ………………○……………… 内 ………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… … 学校： ______________ 姓名： _____________ 班级： _______________ 考号： ______________________ ) 绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中模拟卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三全册 （上海通用） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That 1 (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, 2 (regard) as interactions. Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions 3 one person asked for something and another responded. They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, 4 (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time. English and Italian speakers had slightly 5 (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering 6 polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says. Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, 7 zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense 8 you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”. Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the 9 (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word 10 (express) gratitude,” he says. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries 21 the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also 22 that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the 23 and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency. 24 about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has 25 this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are 26 to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations 27 the proposed system. “We 28 need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF 29 products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in 30 and in safety,” he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people 31 their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be 32 include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. But Van Tulleken says that the evidence 33 UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The 34 of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel 35 until long after you’ve finished. 21．A．analyze B．assess C．confirm D．estimate 22．A．complained B．suspected C．warned D．threatened 23．A．authority B．expert C．experiment D．science 24．A．Concerns B．Challenges C．Questions D．Issues 25．A．come into being B．come into focus C．sprung up D．made sense 26．A．advised B．discouraged C．required D．forbidden 27．A．justified B．approved C．supported D．rejected 28．A．absolutely B．occasionally C．typically D．primarily 29．A．accepts B．excludes C．includes D．conclude 30．A．popularity B．nutrition C．use D．production 31．A．reduce B．increase C．balance D．calculate 32．A．essential B．beneficial C．influential D．artificial 33．A．for B．beyond C．against D．from 34．A．evolution B．transformation C．construction D．destruction 35．A．full B．satisfied C．refreshed D．delighted Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense. My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about. ‘Are you okay?’ my friend asks, taking her eyes off the road to study my expression with her all-knowing eyes. ‘Just tired,’ I say. She accepts my lie with an unconvinced shrug. I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids. I laugh at the thought. ‘Something funny?’ my friend asks. ‘Oh, just a memory,’ I say. ‘The little kids in northern Thailand were so friendly. When we’d pass them in the street, they’d greet us at the top of their lungs in their native language.’ ‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’. Home improvements, kids, full-time jobs: these are the standard conversation topics of thirty-something women. In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain. If they are all grownups now, what does that make me? People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots. 36．How does the author feel on her arrival in Australia? A．Interested. B．Conflicted. C．Exhausted. D．Excited. 37．What can be learned about the conversation between the author and her friend? A．They have different interests and lives as grownups. B．They share fond memories of growing up together. C．They care about and provide updates for each other. D．They enjoy telling personal stories to exchange ideas. 38．By “If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?” (in the second last paragraph), the author means _________. A．they make me think of growing up as they do B．we are all adults who will eventually settle down C．a comfortable home is what we all need as adults D．diverse experiences shape individuals’ life paths 39．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Feeling Lost When Back in Australia B．The Excitement of Traveling to Australia C．Australia: A Place like Asia in My Heart D．Out of Asia, Out of Mind (B) As lockdown starts to slowly lift, it's such a treat to be able to travel around the appealing coastline or book holidays in the UK again.■Camber Sands The impressive dunes（沙丘）system that makes Camber Sands the south coast's most Arabian-looking beach destination is fled with wonders. A number of “desert” films were shot here, including Cary On Follow That Camel. Getting there: one hour 40 minutes by train from London St Pancras International to Rye, with a change at Ashford and a short bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Tankerton Beach Tankerton Beach offers lovely views. When you've had your fill of beach time, it's time for a bellyful of the town's native oysters（牡蛎）; head for Harbour Street and High Street for a fantastic selection of places to try them. Getting there: one hour 20 minutes by train from London Victoria; about one hour 40 minutes by car.■West Wittering A huge Blue Flag beach makes this West Wittering one of the south coast's finest for all kinds of beach activities. You can get involved in sunbathing and safe swimming (lifeguards patrol（巡逻） here in the summer months), go rock-pooling or just explore the ecology of the beach. Getting there: one hour 30 minutes by train from London Victoria to Chichester, plus a bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Dungeness Rediscover your childhood on a steam railway, explore strange World War I radar devices and discover old railroad car in this most magic place of Dungeness. There's some wonderful landscaping to enjoy, especially filmmaker Derek Jarman's separated home and garden. Getting there: one hour by train from London St Pancras International to Folk stone, with a one hour 30 minute bus ride to Dungeness; about two hours by car. 40．What is the advantage of travelling to Tankerton Beach in transportation? A．It takes the shortest time by car. B．It offers lovely views on the way. C．A short bus ride is also available. D．You can get there with a change. 41．What can you do in West Wittering? A．Surf with friends. B．Taste delicious seafoods. C．Swim with lifeguards. D．Explore water between rocks. 42．If you are a movie fan of Derek Jarman, which place will you choose? A．Camber Sands. B．Tankerton Beach. C．West Wittering. D．Dungeness. (C) Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit (GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. The GPU’s ability to speed up complex tasks has since found wider uses: video editing, cryptocurrency mining and most recently, the training of artificial intelligence. AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most, argues Andreessen Horowitz, a venture-capital (VC) firm. Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in “Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to churn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. AI represents an “explosion of opportunity” and could drastically change the landscape of game development. Making a game is already easier than it was: nearly 13,000 titles were published last year on Steam, a games platform, almost double the number in 2017. Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. Last month Raja Koduri, an executive at Intel, left the chip maker to found an AI-gaming startup. Don’t count the big studios out, though. If they can release half a dozen high-quality titles a year instead of a couple, it might chip away at the hit-driven nature of their business, says Josh Chapman of Konvoy, a gaming focused VC firm. A world of more choices also favors those with big marketing budgets. And the giants may have better answers to the mounting copyright questions around AI. If generative models have to be trained on data to which the developer has the rights, those with big back-catalogues will be better placed than startups. Trent Kaniuga, an artist who has worked on games like “Fortnite”, said last month that several clients had updated their contracts to ban AI-generated art. If the lawyers don’t intervene, unions might. Studios diplomatically refer to AI assistants as “co-pilots”, not replacements for humans. 43．The original purpose behind the invention of the graphics-processing unit (GPU) was to ________. A．speed up complex tasks in video editing and cryptocurrency mining B．assist in the developing and training of artificial intelligence C．disrupt the industry and create new outputs using generative AI D．offload game visual tasks from the central processor 44．How might the rise of AI-gaming startups affect the development of the gaming industry? A．It contributes to the growth of user-generated content. B．It facilitates blockbuster dependency on big studios. C．It decreases collaboration between different stakeholders in the industry. D．It may help to consolidate the gaming market under major corporations. 45．What can be inferred about the role of artificial intelligence in gaming? A．AI favors the businesses with small marketing budgets. B．AI is expected to simplify game development processes. C．AI allows startups to gain an edge over big firms with authorized data. D．AI assistants may serve as human substitutes for studios. 46．What is this passage mainly about? A．The evolution of graphics-processing units (GPUs). B．The impact of generative AI on the gaming industry. C．The societal significance of graphics-processing units (GPUs). D．The challenges generative AI presents to gaming studios. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 47 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. 48 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 49 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience—you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. 50 A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practise periods. B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E．Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings and high blood pressure. F．If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day. It might seem like a stressful time when the pressure is on to pass that all-important test but take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you. Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades. One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can remember the information you have revised. And it’s good to get relaxed before bedtime too — no watching TV or chatting on social media! There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information so you’ll also need to know when to stop. Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council says sitting on your bed when you’re cramming (死记硬背) is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．显而易见，没有实地调查就很难获取一手信息，匆匆得出的结论最终经不起推敲。(end up)(汉译英) 53．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) 54．沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英) 55．无论是给予陌生人一句赞美之词，还是为他扶一下门，小小的善举都会产生很大的影响，所以为何不把日行一善作为目标呢？(Whether) (汉译英) V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 93. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Penny过于依赖电子词典来完成英语作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习。写封邮件说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业，在邮件中，你必须： 1）对Penny的行为表示担忧； 2）给出你的具体建议并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第7页（共10页） 试题 第8页（共10页） 试题 第9页（共10页） 试题 第10页（共10页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 参考答案 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B C D A B A D A C B 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 A B C D A B A D A A 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 D D D A B B B D A E 1．included 2．were regarded 3．in which/where 4．occurring 5．higher 6．how 7．with 8．once 9．constructed 10．to express 11．C 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．H 16．E 17．A 18．J 19．L 20．B 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．A 36．B 37．A 38．D 39．A 40．A 41．D 42．D 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．E 51．If exam anxiety is getting to you, take comfort in knowing you're not alone. Nutritionist suggests starting your day with brain-boosting foods like oats and eggs. Stay hydrated with water, which may enhance exam performance. Prioritize a good night's sleep for better memory. Taking breaks while studying and rewarding yourself with a small treat are useful to reduce stress. 52．It is obvious that without field investigation, it is difficult to obtain first-hand information, and conclusions made hastily will end up not standing up to scrutiny. 53．In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 54．Being addicted to watching short videos of online celebrities always distracts her while studying. 55．Whether it’s giving a stranger a compliment or holding a door for him, small acts of kindness can make a big difference, so why not make it your goal to do one act of kindness every day? 56．   Dear Penny,   Recently I noticed that you rely too much on the electronic dictionary when you finish your English homework, which makes me a little worried.       To help you make better use of the electronic dictionary and improve your English learning, I suggest you take the following measures. Firstly, try to guess the meaning of new words from the context, or use the language rules such as roots and affixes. This will not only exercise your English thinking, but also deepen your vocabulary memory. Before you finish your English homework, take the time to review and preview your vocabulary and grammar. This will help you use English more confidently and reduce the number of times you have to consult an electronic dictionary.         I believe that as long as you can use the electronic dictionary properly and follow the above suggestions, your English study will get better results.         Look forward to your future study to make greater progress!                                                                                                                              Yours                                                                                                                        Li Hua 京）股份有限公司3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■■■ =■ 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中模拟卷 答题卡 姓 名: 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 _ 。-co寸1n。10 。-) 。-NcoA10。1~oD 。-Nco寸1o⊙~ C-N(4 。1-N寸10。1 。-N(c 1 。-N 1,,1_ 1 注意事项 C 1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,并 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 )40。1~oC 寸10 ,对 4 (-1 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须用0.5mm 1o1~on 1) 1 1I1 黑色字迹的答字笔填写,字体工整。 t 3. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答,超出答题区域范围 1~ 1 的答案无效,在草纸,试卷上作答无效 1 4. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂 改液,刮纸刀。 C oC C C 。 5. 正确填涂 选择题(请用2B铅笔填涂) 26 [A]IB][C][D] 31 [A][B][CII D] 21 [A][B][C][D] 16 [A1[B][CIID] 22 [A][B][C][D] 27 [A][B][C]ID] 32 [A][B][CII D] 17 [A11IB1[CII D] 23 [A][B]1CIID] 28 [A1IB1ICIID] 33[A1[B1ICII D] 18 IA11B11CIID] 24 IA][B][CIID 29 [A]IB]|CII D] 34 [A][B1[CII D] 19 [A][B]|CII D] 25 [A]IB]|CIID] 30 IA1IB]|C]I D 35 [A][B]1CIID] 20 [A1[B11CIID] 36 [A1[B1IC11D] 41 IA11B11C1[D] 46 [A11B11C11D] 37 [A]IB1IC1[D] 42 [A][B]|C][D] 47 [A][B]IC][D][E1IF] 38 [A][B][C1ID] 43 [A1[B1[C]1D] 48 [A][B]IC][D][E1IF] 39 [A1[B11C11D] 44 IA11B1IC1ID] 49 [A]IB]IC][D][E1IF] 40 [A1IB]|C]1D] 45 IA]1B1IC1[D] 50 [A]]B1IC][D]IE][F] 班 “_- 非选择题(请在各试题的答题区内作答) I、Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) SectionA C 10 英语第1页(共2页) Section B 11. 12 15 16. IIIL.SummaryWriting(共10分) IV、Translation(15分) 51、 52、 53、 54、 55、 V、Guided Writing (25分) 英语第2页(共2页) 绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中模拟卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三全册 （上海通用） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To better understand how people express gratitude in normal life, anthropologist (人类学家) Simcon Floyd, at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (心理语言学) in Netherlands and his colleagues organised a large, cross-cultural study covering five continents and eight languages. That 1 (include) English, Italian, Polish, Russian and Lao, as well as unwritten languages such as Cha’palaa, spoken in Ecuador, Murrinh-Patha, used in northern Australia, and Siwu, spoken in Ghana. Both verbal and non-verbal expressions of gratitude, such as a smile or a nod, 2 (regard) as interactions. Floyd’s team left cameras in household and community settings and captured more than 1,500 instances of social interactions 3 one person asked for something and another responded. They found that in every culture, people fulfilled requests, but expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were remarkably rare, 4 (occur) just 5.5 percent of the time. English and Italian speakers had slightly 5 (high) rates of gratitude expression — 14.5 percent and 13.5 percent of the time respectively. However, that’s still surprisingly low considering 6 polite Western people think they are, says Floyd. “English speakers are not so different from other people, and often prefer not to express gratitude in informal contexts,” he says. Cha’palaa speakers had the lowest frequency of expressed gratitude, 7 zero examples in 96 recorded interactions. But this starts to make sense 8 you learn that the language has no easy way to say “thank you”. Also surprised by the findings was David Peterson, linguist (语言学家) who developed the 9 (construct) language Dothraki for the TV show Game of Thrones. It too, has no word for thank you, something Peterson initially considered unlikely. “I thought that you had to have a word 10 (express) gratitude,” he says. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food(UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries 21 the nutritional value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain— remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet, said a team of scientists. They also 22 that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.“We need to be driven by the 23 and not have this knee-jerk reaction that treats all UPF the same,”said Robin May, chief scientific adviser at the UK’s Food Standards Agency. 24 about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has 25 this year since Chris vanTulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are 26 to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations 27 the proposed system. “We 28 need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,”said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF 29 products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in 30 and in safety,” he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people 31 their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be 32 include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. But Van Tulleken says that the evidence 33 UPF is strong. “There is an increasing amount of science describing the many ways in which UPF affects the human body,” he says. “The 34 of the food structure by industrial processing means that UPF is, in general, soft. This means you eat it fast, which means you eat far more calories per minute and don’t feel 35 until long after you’ve finished. 21．A．analyze B．assess C．confirm D．estimate 22．A．complained B．suspected C．warned D．threatened 23．A．authority B．expert C．experiment D．science 24．A．Concerns B．Challenges C．Questions D．Issues 25．A．come into being B．come into focus C．sprung up D．made sense 26．A．advised B．discouraged C．required D．forbidden 27．A．justified B．approved C．supported D．rejected 28．A．absolutely B．occasionally C．typically D．primarily 29．A．accepts B．excludes C．includes D．conclude 30．A．popularity B．nutrition C．use D．production 31．A．reduce B．increase C．balance D．calculate 32．A．essential B．beneficial C．influential D．artificial 33．A．for B．beyond C．against D．from 34．A．evolution B．transformation C．construction D．destruction 35．A．full B．satisfied C．refreshed D．delighted Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Australia looks browner and flatter than I remembered; it’s dry grass here and there dotted with tough bushes and unremarkable buildings. The lighting is violently intense. My friend keeps talking in the driver’s seat and I respond with ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’ to appear interested in her string of gossip about people whose faces I have long forgotten, whose stories I’ve stopped caring about. ‘Are you okay?’ my friend asks, taking her eyes off the road to study my expression with her all-knowing eyes. ‘Just tired,’ I say. She accepts my lie with an unconvinced shrug. I keep searching in my mind’s eyes, hoping to bring back into focus images from the remote towns of Asia: steam coming off boiling pots, baskets filled with strange fruits, giant pigs alongside little kids. I laugh at the thought. ‘Something funny?’ my friend asks. ‘Oh, just a memory,’ I say. ‘The little kids in northern Thailand were so friendly. When we’d pass them in the street, they’d greet us at the top of their lungs in their native language.’ ‘Cool,’ she says, and then-’Hey, guess what? I had my bathroom remade!’ ‘Wow,’ I say. And then she details her bathroom project, and I ‘Ah-huh’ and ‘Oh really?’. Home improvements, kids, full-time jobs: these are the standard conversation topics of thirty-something women. In the years since I left, my friends have matured into responsible adults, but I’m stuck in another place entirely, more comfortable in a local bus traveling along the edge of a Himalayan mountain. If they are all grownups now, what does that make me? People say that travel changes you, but I never anticipated it would be like this. I close my eyes and return to the excitement of being sped at 565 miles per hour to somewhere foreign and wild. But I must stay this time. My dad has been diagnosed with a serious illness and so here I am, back in reality, back to my roots. 36．How does the author feel on her arrival in Australia? A．Interested. B．Conflicted. C．Exhausted. D．Excited. 37．What can be learned about the conversation between the author and her friend? A．They have different interests and lives as grownups. B．They share fond memories of growing up together. C．They care about and provide updates for each other. D．They enjoy telling personal stories to exchange ideas. 38．By “If they are all grownups now, what does that make me?” (in the second last paragraph), the author means _________. A．they make me think of growing up as they do B．we are all adults who will eventually settle down C．a comfortable home is what we all need as adults D．diverse experiences shape individuals’ life paths 39．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Feeling Lost When Back in Australia B．The Excitement of Traveling to Australia C．Australia: A Place like Asia in My Heart D．Out of Asia, Out of Mind (B) As lockdown starts to slowly lift, it's such a treat to be able to travel around the appealing coastline or book holidays in the UK again.■Camber Sands The impressive dunes（沙丘）system that makes Camber Sands the south coast's most Arabian-looking beach destination is fled with wonders. A number of “desert” films were shot here, including Cary On Follow That Camel. Getting there: one hour 40 minutes by train from London St Pancras International to Rye, with a change at Ashford and a short bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Tankerton Beach Tankerton Beach offers lovely views. When you've had your fill of beach time, it's time for a bellyful of the town's native oysters（牡蛎）; head for Harbour Street and High Street for a fantastic selection of places to try them. Getting there: one hour 20 minutes by train from London Victoria; about one hour 40 minutes by car.■West Wittering A huge Blue Flag beach makes this West Wittering one of the south coast's finest for all kinds of beach activities. You can get involved in sunbathing and safe swimming (lifeguards patrol（巡逻） here in the summer months), go rock-pooling or just explore the ecology of the beach. Getting there: one hour 30 minutes by train from London Victoria to Chichester, plus a bus ride to the beach; about two hours by car.■Dungeness Rediscover your childhood on a steam railway, explore strange World War I radar devices and discover old railroad car in this most magic place of Dungeness. There's some wonderful landscaping to enjoy, especially filmmaker Derek Jarman's separated home and garden. Getting there: one hour by train from London St Pancras International to Folk stone, with a one hour 30 minute bus ride to Dungeness; about two hours by car. 40．What is the advantage of travelling to Tankerton Beach in transportation? A．It takes the shortest time by car. B．It offers lovely views on the way. C．A short bus ride is also available. D．You can get there with a change. 41．What can you do in West Wittering? A．Surf with friends. B．Taste delicious seafoods. C．Swim with lifeguards. D．Explore water between rocks. 42．If you are a movie fan of Derek Jarman, which place will you choose? A．Camber Sands. B．Tankerton Beach. C．West Wittering. D．Dungeness. (C) Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit (GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. The GPU’s ability to speed up complex tasks has since found wider uses: video editing, cryptocurrency mining and most recently, the training of artificial intelligence. AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most, argues Andreessen Horowitz, a venture-capital (VC) firm. Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in “Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to churn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. AI represents an “explosion of opportunity” and could drastically change the landscape of game development. Making a game is already easier than it was: nearly 13,000 titles were published last year on Steam, a games platform, almost double the number in 2017. Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. Last month Raja Koduri, an executive at Intel, left the chip maker to found an AI-gaming startup. Don’t count the big studios out, though. If they can release half a dozen high-quality titles a year instead of a couple, it might chip away at the hit-driven nature of their business, says Josh Chapman of Konvoy, a gaming focused VC firm. A world of more choices also favors those with big marketing budgets. And the giants may have better answers to the mounting copyright questions around AI. If generative models have to be trained on data to which the developer has the rights, those with big back-catalogues will be better placed than startups. Trent Kaniuga, an artist who has worked on games like “Fortnite”, said last month that several clients had updated their contracts to ban AI-generated art. If the lawyers don’t intervene, unions might. Studios diplomatically refer to AI assistants as “co-pilots”, not replacements for humans. 43．The original purpose behind the invention of the graphics-processing unit (GPU) was to ________. A．speed up complex tasks in video editing and cryptocurrency mining B．assist in the developing and training of artificial intelligence C．disrupt the industry and create new outputs using generative AI D．offload game visual tasks from the central processor 44．How might the rise of AI-gaming startups affect the development of the gaming industry? A．It contributes to the growth of user-generated content. B．It facilitates blockbuster dependency on big studios. C．It decreases collaboration between different stakeholders in the industry. D．It may help to consolidate the gaming market under major corporations. 45．What can be inferred about the role of artificial intelligence in gaming? A．AI favors the businesses with small marketing budgets. B．AI is expected to simplify game development processes. C．AI allows startups to gain an edge over big firms with authorized data. D．AI assistants may serve as human substitutes for studios. 46．What is this passage mainly about? A．The evolution of graphics-processing units (GPUs). B．The impact of generative AI on the gaming industry. C．The societal significance of graphics-processing units (GPUs). D．The challenges generative AI presents to gaming studios. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 47 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. 48 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 49 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience—you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. 50 A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practise periods. B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E．Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings and high blood pressure. F．If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. If you’re anxious about your exams, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Every year, many young people sit exams and whether they love or hate them, most of them will face some anxiety in the lead up to the big day. It might seem like a stressful time when the pressure is on to pass that all-important test but take a deep breath and absorb some good advice from people who’ve been through the same experience as you. Eating the right food can feed your brain and keep you alert. Nutritional therapist Kerry Torrens recommends making breakfast the most important meal of the day. She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline—thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory. And don’t forget to drink lots of water to keep you hydrated — some research even suggests students who take water into the exam hall may even improve their grades. One thing I know I always need is a good night’s sleep to help me work and think better the next day and that’s what’s recommended for anyone preparing for their exams. If you get good sleep your memory is better and that means you can remember the information you have revised. And it’s good to get relaxed before bedtime too — no watching TV or chatting on social media! There comes a point when your brain can’t absorb any more information so you’ll also need to know when to stop. Lisa Artis from the Sleep Council says sitting on your bed when you’re cramming (死记硬背) is not a good idea because then you associate that place with stress. Revising for exams can also sometimes seem endless, so it’s good to take breaks and reward yourself with a small treat, like a cake or a quick run around the block. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．显而易见，没有实地调查就很难获取一手信息，匆匆得出的结论最终经不起推敲。(end up)(汉译英) 53．万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) 54．沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英) 55．无论是给予陌生人一句赞美之词，还是为他扶一下门，小小的善举都会产生很大的影响，所以为何不把日行一善作为目标呢？(Whether) (汉译英) V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 93. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Penny过于依赖电子词典来完成英语作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习。写封邮件说服Penny不要过多借助电子词典来应付英语作业，在邮件中，你必须： 1）对Penny的行为表示担忧； 2）给出你的具体建议并说明理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第10页，共10页 试卷第9页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$