Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册作业与测评课件PPT（外研版2019）

WELCOME UNIT Unit 6　Space and beyond Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 课时作业(一) 目录 CONTENTS 1 课时作业(一) Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．Since then, Michael has lived an _____________ (平常的) life. 2．We also recommend a full day optional __________ (短途出行) to the national park. 3．Her interest was _________ (重新激起) when she saw herbs in everyday medicinal use there. 4．The light from my candle threw his elongated _______ (阴影) on the walls. 5．Guests panicked and _________ (尖声大叫) when the bomb exploded. unexceptional [基础训练] excursion rekindled shadow screamed 课时作业(一) 4 Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I'm afraid the young teacher doesn't have much patience ________ (deal) with fractious teenagers. 2．We are determined _______(get) the work done before New Year's Day. 3．In general I feel like I become accustomed ____ Chinese way of life. 4．The result of invention of steam engine was that human power ____________ (replace) by mechanical power. 5．Like a great teacher, he has inspired us ______ (try) to live up to them. dealing to get to was replaced to try 课时作业(一) 5 6．This was the moment when Neil Armstrong became the first man ________ (step) on the Moon. 7．The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others ____ board. 8．But the survey also revealed firms were running down stocks instead ____ making new products. 9．As we know, the incident _________ (tragic) ended in the deaths of eight innocent civilians. 10．As people become more tuned _____ to what computers can do. to step on of tragically in 课时作业(一) 6 Ⅰ　完形填空 Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like __1__ in zero gravity. However, without gravity, there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do, and that's very __2__. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show—because it's impossible to __3__ in zero gravity. [思维训练] 课时作业(一) 7 Of course, astronauts can still __4__ tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their __5__ environment, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just __6__ there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel __7__ this during one of his spacewalks. Besides making your __8__ unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring __9__ to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy，” Feustel told his teammate during the walk. 课时作业(一) 8 Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some __10__ help to get rid of the tears. Feustel chose to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “__11__ the tears get big enough they __12__ break free of the eye and float around，” astronaut Ron Parise said. 课时作业(一) 9 In space, astronauts can't eat or drink in __13__ ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food __14__ in their stomach. If they do burp, they just __15__ throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you're the best.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，宇航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。 课时作业(一) 10 1．A.leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking 2．A.risky B．unfortunate C．sad D．inescapable 答案：B　根据上文“some pretty amazing things”及下文中“in zero gravity”可知，宇航员在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮。故选B。 答案：C　risky “危险的”；unfortunate “不幸的”；sad “悲伤的”；inescapable “不可避免的”。根据语境可知，在没有重力的情况下，宇航员不能做很多事情，这是非常可悲的。下文中的sadness也是提示。故选C。 课时作业(一) 11 3．A.foresee B．view C．pray D．cry 4．A.clear B．produce C．cover D．wipe 答案：D　根据上文“let their sadness show”和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，“cry”符合语境。故选D。 答案：B　根据上文说到宇航员在失重状态下不可能哭泣可知，此处指的是悲伤状态下的宇航员仍然会产生(produce)眼泪。故选B。 课时作业(一) 12 5．A.dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless 6．A.meet B．develop C．stay D．leave 答案：D　dangerous “危险的”；extreme “极端的”；stable “稳定的”；weightless “失重的”。根据常识可知，在太空中没有重力。故选D。 答案：C　根据上文“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。 课时作业(一) 13 7．A.witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered 8．A.mind B．vision C．sense D．idea 答案：C　根据下文“My right eye is painful like crazy”可知，2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel(安德鲁·费斯特尔)在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience “经历”，符合语境。故选C。 答案：B　句意：除了使你的视觉模糊，这也会导致身体疼痛。上文讲到在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中，可知当眼中含泪时，视线会模糊。故选B。 课时作业(一) 14 9．A.peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort 10．A.equal B．extra C．similar D．slight 答案：D　根据上文中的“this can also cause physical pain”及下文中的“But that's not the case in space.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适。故选D。 答案：B　根据下文内容可知，因为太空中没有重力，所以宇航员需要一些额外的帮助来摆脱眼泪。形容词extra “额外的”符合语境。故选B。 课时作业(一) 15 11．A.Since B．Because C．When D．Unless 12．A.fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply 答案：C　句意：宇航员Ron Parise(罗恩·帕里塞)说：“当眼泪大到一定程度时，它们就会冲破眼睛，四处漂浮。”此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”应用when。故选C。 答案：D　fluently “流利地”；exactly “恰好地”；efficiently “有效地”；simply “仅仅”。simply表示强调。故选D。 课时作业(一) 16 13．A.regular B．normal C．particular D．rational 14．A.out B．off C．down D．up 答案：B　regular “定期的”；normal “正常的”；particular “特别的”；rational “合理的”。此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式饮食。故选B。 答案：C　根据上文“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。 课时作业(一) 17 15．A.give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like 答案：B　give up “放弃”；end up “结束”；put off “推迟”；feel like “想要”。根据语境可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth “以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。 课时作业(一) 18 Ⅱ　阅读 Do astronauts get space sick when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS)? Yes, astronauts can get space sick travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的) Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011.The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening. 课时作业(一) 19 As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness. Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. 课时作业(一) 20 It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space. Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务). The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA. 课时作业(一) 21 In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7) by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted admit to being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员会得太空病的原因。 课时作业(一) 22 1．What was the problem with the old Space Shuttle? A．It was too slow. B．It was too small. C．It broke down often. D．It had too much space. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，先前使用的太空飞船空间太大，增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D。 课时作业(一) 23 2．How does low gravity hurt astronauts? A．It fools their inner ear. B．It causes pain in their head. C．It stops them shaking their head. D．It prevents them measuring their weight. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段第五、六、七句可知，在太空低重力的环境中，内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰，会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动，进而造成宇航员的晕眩，如果宇航员摇头，晕眩会加剧。故选A。 课时作业(一) 24 3．Why wasn't NASA worried about space sickness until later missions? A．The condition had been kept secret to the public. B．There were few detailed studies on it. C．The old spacecraft were better equipped. D．The astronauts were less likely to get sick. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄，所以宇航员不易得太空病。故选D。 课时作业(一) 25 4．What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean? A．Changed. B．Improved. C．Blocked. D．Compared. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰，担心这会影响自己的职业生涯，这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知，画线词意为“阻碍，妨碍”。故选C。 课时作业(一) 26 【持续背记】 ①The streets were noisy and full of activity. 街上熙熙攘攘，车水马龙。 ②In the sunlight, the pink peach blossoms exude a fragrance that looks both soft and showy. 在阳光下，粉红的桃花散发着一阵阵芳香，看上去既柔和又艳丽。 ③I walked slowly into my sister's room, where I found her sniffling quietly under the covers. 我慢慢地走进妹妹的房间，发现她在被窝里轻声地抽鼻子。 课时作业(一) 27 【持续积累】 课时作业(一) 28 R $$