课时跟踪检测(11)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(十一) [对应学生用书P204] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．My graduate school training combined with my experience as a dentist should qualify(使具备资格) me for this particular job. 2．I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition. 3．The battery is dead, the motor(发动机) won't turn over. 4．He decided to swing into action as soon as he got the qualification to launch a training institution． 5．The rocket did one circuit of the earth and returned to base. 6．Now it's time to wear a lamp(灯) on your helmet like a mineworker to explore caves in darkness. 7．According to statistics,_a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman. 8．The tablet(平板电脑) has no phone functions，but it's a very powerful accessory. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations(occupy). 2．As a detective novel，this book has never really been bettered(better). 3．Official statistics(statistic) showed real wages in this region had declined by 4%. 4．The librarian took a book at random from the shelf, without looking at the title. 5．Because of her new qualification(qualify), she is getting promoted at work. 6．Not everyone has the competence(competent) to learn a foreign language well. 7．Education is an approach for establishing individual human capital, and it also affects the vocational(vocation) propensity of individuals. 8．We made our way directly to the recreation(recreate) room. 9．I found that the sound of drilling(drill) can cause deep worry in dental patients. 10．A budget must allow for both regular and unforeseeable expenses. Ⅲ.翻译以下复杂句 1．A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school. 翻译：一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威型父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。 2．And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture. 翻译：当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中加入微笑的表情时，你就会知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。 3．Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. 翻译：故事对我来说就像空气一样重要，当其他孩子打球或参加聚会时，我通过从图书馆借来的书中的故事来体验冒险经历。 4．It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. 翻译：对我们来说，装好东西然后去当地的图书馆是件大事。在图书馆里，我的孩子可以选出自己想看的书，或者选出他们想让我读给他们听的书。 5．In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one­off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. 翻译：未来，该团队希望能开发出一种可以一次性喷洒到植物树叶上就能延长植物寿命的技术。 Ⅳ.用适当的单词完成短文 Knowledge economy age is an age 1.when new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore, everyone should renew his or her knowledge, 2.otherwise/or he or she will be left behind in the society. There 3.are(be) some ways to update knowledge. On the one hand, one can attend different courses at all types of schools, either part­time 4.or full­time. On the other hand, self­study is a more convenient and practical method by 5.which one can effectively renew his or her knowledge. 6．Although/Though/While I am busy doing daily work, I still insist on teaching myself at night.In this way, I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7.but also apply new knowledge to my practical work, 8.which benefits me a lot. Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·南师大、湖师大、西南大学附中等八校联考)Put five, eight, twelve or more people together in a room, and it's a game of luck as to how well they'll function as a team. The larger the group, the more difficult it becomes. It's a lot like dining out with a bunch of friends. Where to go? Italian? Vegetarian? Steakhouse? Each person has their own appetite, which can make creating a “shared­interest” extremely challenging. Shared­interest is the lifeblood of teams, and only the most successful companies know how to foster it. But how? “Project Aristotle”， an experiment led by Abeer Dubey, a manager in a famous company's People Analytics division was conducted in 2012 to discover how to build the “perfect team”. After years of analyzing data and interviews from more than 180 teams across the company, the company found that the individual personalities in a team are not so relevant. “We had lots of data, but there was nothing showing that a mix of specific personality types or skills or backgrounds made any difference. The ‘who’ part of the equation didn't seem to matter，” Dubey said in an interview with The New York Times. Instead, the researchers found that there were five key characteristics of enhanced teams： Psychological safety: Everyone feels safe in taking risks, and that they won't be embarrassed or punished for doing so. Dependability: Everyone completes quality work on time. Structure and clarity: Everyone knows what their specific expectations are. These expectations must be challenging yet attainable. Meaning: Everyone has a sense of purpose in their work, for example, supporting family. Impact: Everyone sees that the result of their work actually contributes to the organization's overall goals. While the company's findings may be true to some extent, a large number of scientific studies have caused researchers outside of the company's lab to shockingly disagree. Thomas Chamorro­Premuzic, a professor of business psychology at Columbia University and author of the book “Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders？” and psychologist Dave Winsborough are among them. They both claim that personality, in particular, heavily affects the role of an individual within a team and is indeed a significant factor in what makes a team successful. Researchers found that the poorest­performing teams were 100 percent “pragmatic(讲求实效的)” and had 0 percent ‘relationship­building’ traits. “Too often, organizations focus merely on the functional role and hope that good team performance somehow follows，” Chamorro­Premuzic and Winsborough co­wrote in a Harvard Business Review article. “This is why even the most expensive professional sports teams often fail to perform according to the individual talents of each player: There is no psychological synergy(协作). A more effective approach focuses as much on people's personalities as on their skills.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。“共同价值观”是团队强大和成功的命脉，培养“共同价值观”是团体成功的关键。“亚里士多德项目”实验探索如何建立“完美团队”。 1．Why does the author mention the example of “dining out”？ A．To emphasize the challenges of creating a common interest. B．To cater for the different tastes of people from all walks of life. C．To stress the importance of different individuals in teams. D．To get more different people involved in building a team. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者提及和一群朋友出去吃饭，由于众口难调，所以很难进行，据此说明，每个人都有自己的喜好，这使得创造“共同兴趣”极具挑战性。故A项正确。 2．What might be the least deciding factor of a perfect team according to the famous company's lab? A．Dependability. B．A sense of purpose. C．Psychological safety. D．Individual personalities. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，在对公司180多个团队的数据和访谈进行多年分析后，该公司发现，团队中的个人性格并没有那么重要。故D项正确。 3．According to the last paragraph, why do the most expensive professional sports teams fail to perform? A．Because they care more about the result. B．Because they are not talented enough. C.Because they lack relationship building. D.Because they are vague about their roles. C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，最昂贵的专业运动队成绩不佳的原因是他们没有建立好良好的协作关系，没有心理协同，故C项正确。A项没有提及；根据尾段倒数第二句可知，最昂贵的专业运动队队员有个人的运动天赋，故B项与文意相反；D项没有提及。 4．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By making basic assumptions. B．By giving a lot of detailed examples. C．By analyzing causes and effects. D．By presenting contradictory findings. B　解析：推理判断题。通读文章第一段可知，作者以朋友一起去饭店吃饭为例，说明每个人都有自己的喜好，这使得创造“共同兴趣”极具挑战性；通读第二、三段可知，文章以“亚里士多德项目”的实验为例，说明建立“完美团队”需要的五个因素，并说明团体中个性并不重要；通读尾段可知，该段以“最昂贵的专业运动队也不一定取得最好的成绩是因为没有心理协同”为例，说明团队建设中心理协同的重要作用。据此可知，本文以“举例”展开说明的，故B项正确。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2022·重庆市七校高二下期末)Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. 1.______. Now we will explore some no­cost ways that can help you improve your learning. 2．______. Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watch television. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studies. A study published in the journal PLOS One examined how well older people who were in good health could remember certain words. In two different experiments, researchers found that older adults who rested for 10 minutes after learning new words had better memory of those words. “A period of wakeful rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal material，” the researchers wrote. “3.______.” In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning.A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently. 4.______. That is essential for learning new information. Robert Stickgold is a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School. “5.______.” he said. “When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form. Sleep is important for forming memories.” Stickgold suggested that adults between the ages of 18 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers may need slightly more, and people over the age of 65 may need a little less. A．New memories can be hard to keep B.The results were strong even after seven days C．Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information D.Many students often go straight to another activity after finishing study E．By reducing your activity after study, your brain gets a chance to rest F．It also says sleep itself has a role in strengthening memory G．But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种在学习之余巩固学习成果的方法：清醒的休息和睡眠。 1．G　解析：上文“Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session.(许多学生学习时很少考虑课后会发生什么。)”说明很多学生不考虑课后的问题，以及下文“Now we will explore some no­cost ways that can help you improve your learning.(现在我们将探索一些可以帮助你提高学习的免费方法。)”说明将为学生提供提高学习的方法。设空处承上启下，应说明学习后所做的事情可能会影响学习，G项“但是你在学习后做的事情可能会影响你的学习效果”符合题意。故选G。 2．D　解析：下文“Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watch television.(他们可能会看手机或电脑，甚至也可能玩视频游戏或看电视。)”说明学生完成学习之后可能会做的事情，D项中another activity是关键词，说明学生所做的活动，D项“许多学生通常在完成学业后直接参加另一项活动”符合题意。故选D。 3．B　解析：上文“‘A period of wakeful rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal material，’ the researchers wrote.(研究人员写道，‘学习新知识后，立即进行一段清醒的休息可以增加对语言材料的自由回忆。’)”说明清醒的休息会产生好的效果，增加对语言材料的自由回忆。B项“即使在七天后，结果仍然很明显”进一步说明效果，符合题意。故选B。 4．F　解析：上文“A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently.(在哈佛医学院网站上的一篇报道称，一个缺乏睡眠的人不能集中注意力，因此也不能高效地学习。)”说明缺乏睡眠不利于学习，空处应继续说明睡眠对于学习的影响。F项中sleep是关键词，说明睡眠对增强记忆方面有作用。故F项“它还说睡眠本身在增强记忆方面也有作用”符合题意。故选F。 5．A　解析：下文“When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form.(当我们最初形成记忆时，它们是非常原始和脆弱的。)”说明最初形成的记忆是不容易保留的， A项“新的记忆可能很难保持”符合题意。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·广东深圳高三上期末)The roots of traditional Chinese painting can date back to the paintings on ancient pottery such as figures of animals，plants and dances.Since similar tools and lines were used 1.__________ the earliest painting and writing，Chinese painting 2.__________(say) to have the same origin as calligraphy.Thus，Chinese painting has an outstanding characteristic—poetry or calligraphy is used in paintings，giving people keener enjoyment of 3.__________(beautiful). Many murals(壁画)，paintings 4.__________(do) on walls or decorative paintings，can be seen in tombs of the Han，Tang and other 5.__________(dynasty).Gu Kaizhi，a famous painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty，was good at 6.__________(present) historical themes.The Tang painter，Wu Daozi，was an expert at figure and scene painting.The Tang painters，Li Sixun and Li Zhaodao, 7.__________ were father and son，used minerals to paint scenery. Flower­and­bird painting is also an important type of traditional Chinese painting. Contemporary painters have specialties.Some only paint figures of ladies，and some only paint animals, 8.__________ even one kind of animal.As a result，the more they paint，the 9.__________(good) their paintings become.Exhibitions of the Chinese painting have been held 10.__________(active).Art galleries around the world hold such exhibitions year in，year out. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国画的历史渊源、古代一些杰出的画家以及当代画家的专长等。 1．for　解析：考查介词。be used for为固定表达，意为“被用于……”，故填for。 2．is said　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，本句需用一般现在时表示客观事实；“中国画据说和书法有相同的起源”，表示被动；主语Chinese painting为第三人称单数，故填is said。 3．beauty　解析：考查名词。此处of为介词，其后应用名词，根据语境可知，此处表示“对美的享受”，故填beauty。 4．done　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是can be seen，此空在句中为非谓语，do的逻辑主语为paintings，二者的逻辑关系为动宾关系，需用动词­ed形式，故填done。 5．dynasties　解析：考查名词的数。dynasty是可数名词，根据空前的other可知，空处需用名词复数，故填dynasties。 6．presenting　解析：考查非谓语动词。be good at doing ...为固定表达，意为“擅长做某事”，故填presenting。 7．who　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示人的Li Sixun和Li Zhaodao，此空指代先行词并在从句中作主语，故填who。 8．or　解析：考查连词。结合句意“有些当代画家只画女士人物图，有一些只画动物，或甚至只画某一种动物”可知，空处需填连词，故填or。 9．better　解析：考查形容词的比较等级。“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”为固定结构，意为“越……，就越……”，故填better。 10．actively　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，需用副词形式，故填actively。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华。请你用英语写一封倡议书，呼吁人们多读书。要点如下： 1．阅读的重要性； 2．人们阅读习惯的改变； 3．出现的问题； 4．提出措施。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Reading plays an important role in our life.We can not only gain knowledge through it but also enrich our spare time. As is shown in a survey，nowadays, a majority of people increasingly rely on their digital devices，such as smartphones and tablets，which results in some problems.Surrounded by so much temptation，many people find it difficult to concentrate on their reading.Besides，spending long time on the screen does much damage to our health. In order to encourage traditional reading，we can organize book exchanges on weekends or join a reading group and share what we read with others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$