Unit 3 SectionⅡGrammar and usage&Integrated skills（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 1．weigh up 权衡，斟酌；评估 You may have a brilliant idea，but before you decide to put it into action，it is wise to weigh_up the advantages and disadvantages of this option. 你可能有一个绝妙的主意，但在你决定将其付诸行动之前，权衡一下这个选择的利弊是明智的。 (1)weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 (2)weigh up the advantages and disadvantages/the pros and cons 权衡利弊 (3)weigh against 对……不利，对……有影响 (4)weigh out 称出，量出 (5)weigh with 对……有说服力，对……有影响 People should weigh up the pros and cons before settling on their choice. 人们在做决定前要权衡利弊。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Her opinion always weighs a lot with me because she is a close friend of mine. ②His frequent lateness will weigh against him when the new appointments are being decided. ③Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavily on you. ④The children all looked up their new teacher silently, weighing him up． ⑤He weighed out five kilos of rice for each one of them, telling them that it should last two weeks. 完成句子 ⑥He would always weigh_up_the_advantages_and_disadvantages before he did one thing. 在做一件事情之前，他总是权衡利弊。 2．weekly adj.每周的 adv.按周地 n．周报，周刊 For instance，you will have to work out weekly，monthly and yearly budgets，and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people's jobs on the line. 例如，你必须计算出每周、每月和每年的预算，一个错误的决定可能会让公司付出巨大的代价，并危及其他人的工作。 (1)a weekly visit/shopping/trip/radio talk 每周一次的访问/购物/旅行/电台讲座 a weekly magazine/issue 周刊 weekly payments/earnings 每周支付的款项/周收入 a weekly wage of ……的周薪 a popular news weekly 受欢迎的新闻周刊 (2)monthly adj.每月的 n．月刊 adv.每个月；每月一次 (3)yearly adj.每年的 adv.每年；一年一次 n．年刊；年鉴 (4)daily adj.日常的；每日的 n．日报 adv.日常地；每日；天天 Food is our biggest weekly household expense. 食物是我们每周最大的家庭开支。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①The newspaper is published twice_weekly. 这份报纸每周出版两次。 ②The publishers planned to produce the journal on_a_weekly_basis. 出版商计划将这份杂志做成周刊。 ③On a Friday I was at work，attending a big monthly_meeting when my phone warned. 一个周五，我正在工作，参加一个重要的月度会议，这时我的手机发出了警报。 3．budget n．预算 For instance，you will have to work out weekly，monthly and yearly budgets，and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people's jobs on the line. 例如，你必须计算出每周、每月和每年的预算，一个错误的决定可能会让公司付出巨大的代价，并危及其他人的工作。 (1)education/advertising budget 教育/广告预算 (2)budget cut 预算削减 (3)within budget 在预算之内 (4)on a tight budget 预算紧张 (5)under/over budget 低于/超出预算 (6)balance the budget 平衡预算 The governing body is charged with managing the school within its budget. 学校管理机构负有在预算范围内管理好学校的职责。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①We have a very tight_budget. 我们的预算很紧张。 ②She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you—and all within_your_budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新漂亮的厨房，所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。 4．when it comes to 当谈及……时 Therefore, when_it_comes_to_starting a business on your own, think twice before you act! 因此，当你要自己创业时，三思而后行！ (1)when it comes to 意为“当谈及……时”，后接名词、代词或动名词。句中it无具体意义。 (2)下列结构中的it均无明确指代关系，也无明确意义： take it easy 别着急 make it 获得成功；(尤指在困难情况下)准时到达；能够出席；渡过难关 fight it out (通过争论或争斗)解决，消除(不和) go it alone 独力；独自干；单干 Get it. 明白了。 [即学即用]　选词填空 ①Even if it is tough, take_it_easy. ②After a tiring trip, we made_it to the destination. ③You come first. Get_it? 完成句子 ④But when_it_comes_to embryonic learning，birds could rule the roost. 但是当谈到胎教，鸟类可能是最好的。 ⑤In terms of teachers, the school is very good. However, when it_comes_to_buildings,_the school is poor. 就师资而言，这所学校是非常好的。然而，当谈到建筑物时，这所学校比较逊色。 5．qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university. 经过深思熟虑，我决定发展这些技能，并通过在大学学习艺术获得合适的资格。 (1)a qualification to do sth. 有资格做某事 (2)qualify vt.限定；使具有资格；证明……合格 vi.取得资格；有资格 qualify (sb.) for sth. (使某人)具有……的资格/权利 qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 (3)qualified adj.有限制的；有资格的 be qualified for有……的资格；可胜任…… Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing personality. 责任感和可靠性是必需的资格，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①—Are you sure he is qualified(qualify) to drive a car? —Yes.He got his driving qualification before he was qualified as a teacher.(qualify) ②I'm a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. 6．swing vi.& vt.(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆 n．改变；摆动；秋千 Actually, I do not have to wait until I go to university to swing into action as there will be a workshop in my city next month，which I am hoping to attend. 事实上，我不必等到上了大学才开始行动，因为下个月我所在的城市有一个研讨会，我希望能参加。 (1)swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来 swing around 使……转过去 swing at 朝……猛打，猛击 swing to ... 使改变(观点、情绪等) swing to 自行关上 (2)get in/into the swing (of sth.)熟悉(某种情况)；融入(某种活动或环境之中) be in full swing在热烈进行中；处于兴盛阶段 As the man tried to swing the speedboat round，the steering wheel came away in his hands. 当那人试图使快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①When I heard the door swing to behind me，I knew that I was locked out. ②Don't swing at the ball, take careful aim. ③The policeman grasped the thief by the shoulder and swung him around． ④Can you swing him round to our point of view? ⑤The vehicles used must be ready to swing into action at any time. 完成句子 ⑥Once we got_in/into_the_swing of it，it took no time at all. 一旦我们全身心投入进去，这根本不用花多少时间。 复习名词性从句 ①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth. ②It's well­known that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket. ③We think it probable that he is dead. ④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked. ⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party. ⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting. ⑦I have no idea when she will be back. ⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us. ⑨The problem is who we can get to replace her. [我的归纳] 1．句①②加黑部分为主语从句，句③④⑤加黑部分为宾语从句，句⑥⑦加黑部分为同位语从句，句⑧⑨加黑部分为表语 从句。 2．句②③⑤⑥⑧中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，句①⑨中的引导词为连接代词，都在从句中作宾语，句④⑦中的引导词为连接副词。 3．句②③中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。 4．句⑤中的that可以省略，其他句中的that则不可省略。 [语法图解] [语法突破] 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、名词性从句的连接词 1．引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类： 连词：that, whether, if 连接代词：what，whatever，which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose 连接副词：when, where, how, why 2．that引导名词性从句的用法 (1)that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。 (2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不可省略。 ①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略； ②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的连词that不可省略； ③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略； ④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不可省略； ⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。 The teacher told the students (that) they needn't worry and that he will help them out. 老师告诉学生们不必担心，他会帮助他们的。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good. 他已痊愈，真令我高兴。 3．whether/if引导名词性从句的用法 (1)whether，if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。 (2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether： ①whether引导主语从句并置于句首； ②引导表语从句； ③whether从句作介词宾语； ④从句后有or not； ⑤后接动词不定式。 Whether there is life on the moon is a question under discussion. 月球上有没有生命是一个正在探讨的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test. 问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 4．疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how引导名词性从句的用法 疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是： (1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义； (2)疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语； (3)疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗？ I don't know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。 That's where she always is at this time of day. 每天这个时候她总是在那里。 5．whatever，whichever, whoever, whomever引导名词性从句的用法 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中，whatever, whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。另外：whatever＝anything that, whoever＝anyone who。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句 1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很显然，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非离开不可，这真遗憾。 2．whether/who/what等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。 It has not yet decided who will do that work. 还没决定谁做那项工作。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。 3．动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后常使用形式宾语it代替宾语从句，而将真正的宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好待在这儿。 4．动词(如have，take (认为)，put (表达)，like, see to等)＋形式宾语it＋that从句。 I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词(如enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等)＋it＋when (if) 从句。 I like it when people are open and straight. 我喜欢人们开诚布公。 I really appreciate it if she would offer to help. 如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。 1．What we fear when traveling in summer is the sudden change of weather. 2．Sometimes the patients care whether the nurse has a smile on her face. 3．That he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. 4．Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 5．—It's difficult for college graduates to find a good job in China. —It depends on whether they have what it takes to be successful in today's world. 6．The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty. 7．Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 8．I told him he could choose whichever seat he like in our meeting room. 9．What impresses me most is that whenever he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile. 10．Thanks to the application of new farming methods, output is now six times what it was before 2000. 1．我们需要做的是降低能源消耗。(what) What_we_must_do_is_(to)_reduce_the_use_of_energy. 2．显然，当今世界很关注中国的言行。(what) Today_the_world_is_paying_much_more_attention_to,_obviously,_what_China_says_and_does. 3．真正重要的不是你成功与否，而是你是否努力。(whether) What_really_matters_is_not_whether_you_succeed_or_not，but_rather_whether_you'll_try _or_not. 4．负责这项工程的人应该受到表扬。(whoever) Whoever_is_responsible_for_this_project_should_be_praised. 5．他是否能来还不确定。(it作形式主语) It_is_doubtful_whether_he_will_be_able_to_come. 6．据说他在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。(that) It's_said_that_he_has_won_the_first_prize_in_the_English_Speaking_Contest. 7．我们什么时候期中考试还没有定下来。(when) When_we_will_have_the_mid­term_exam_is_not_decided. 8．他希望毕业后能去最需要他的地方工作。(where) He_wishes_to_work_where_he_is_most_needed_after_graduation. 9．他能当选班长是因为他总是乐于助人。(that) The_reason_why_he_was_made_monitor_is_that_he_is_always_ready_to_help_others. 10．我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。(it作形式宾语) I_consider_it_my_duty_to_help_you_with_your_English. 写一篇有关职业规划的文章 本单元写作要求为写一篇有关职业规划的文章。针对某一事物的流行程度进行写作分析，是考查写作能力的一种有效方式之一。该类写作主要就某一事物的受欢迎现象展开，着重考查学生从事物的现象中去探索其中本质原因的能力，旨在考查学生的分析问题的逻辑思维能力。在写作时，应该注意以下四点： (1)文章层次结构要清晰； (2)分析原因要结合实际，客观与主观相结合，并且有条理； (3)做出主观预判时要从长远角度分析； (4)写作时以一般现在时态和一般将来时态为主。 1．career planning 职业规划 2．ideal job 理想的工作 3．advantage n．优势 4．make one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事 5．education cause 教育事业 6．devote oneself to 致力于，专心从事 7．realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 1．Talking about career, I've been planning since my first year in the university. 说到职业，我从大一就在进行规划了。 2．I think it is good if we know enough about career planning. We will make wiser choices. 我认为如果我们对职业规划了解足够多，这是很好的。我们会做出更明智的选择。 3．The way ahead is so long without ending, yet high and low I'll search with my will unbending. 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 4．Everyone has a career plan, but the action makes them different. The one who just keeps thinking and not to take action will never be successful. So we need to have both plans and action. 每个人都有职业规划，但行动使他们与众不同。那些一直思考而不采取行动的人永远不会成功。所以我们需要既有计划又有行动。 5．To sum up, having a plan is good, but practical action is more important. According to my own situation, I would follow my plan to reach my goal. I believe I can succeed one day. 总之，有计划是好的，但更重要的是实际行动。根据我自己的情况，我会按照我的计划去达到我的目标。我相信总有一天我会成功的。 6．As the famous saying goes, “Where there is a way, there is a will.” 正如名言所说的，“有志者，事竟成。” 假定你是李华，对自己的未来有着无限的美好憧憬，其中也包括对未来的职业规划。请结合实际，谈谈你的职业规划。内容包括： 1．简述具体的职业目标； 2．分析将来实现目标的过程中可能遇到的阻碍和解决问题的方法； 3．表达对未来可以实现目标的决心。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Step One　审题谋篇 体裁 说明文 话题 介绍自己的职业规划 时态 一般将来时为主 人称 第一人称 Step Two　词汇运用 1．来临 draw_near 2．下定决心make_up_one's_mind 3．未来职业future_career 4．计算机工程 computer_engineering 5．努力工作 work_hard 6．打下坚实的基础 lay_a_solid_foundation 7．各种各样的 a_variety_of 8．计算机科学 computer_science 9．竭尽全力 spare_no_effort 10．实现 come_true Step Three　句式表达 1．完成句子 ①随着毕业的临近，我已经下定决心在计算机工程方面发展未来职业。 With_our_graduation_drawing_approaching,_I've_made_up_my_mind_about_future_career_in_computer_engineering. ②成为一名合格的计算机程序员不是一件容易的事情。 It_is_not_an_easy_job_to_be_a_qualified_computer_programmer. ③我必须努力学习数学和物理。 I_have_to_work_hard_to_learn_mathematics_and_physics. ④我会为计算机科学打下坚实的基础。 I_can_lay_a_solid_foundation_for_computer_science. ⑤同时，我必须掌握多种计算机语言，创造和测试允许计算机软件和程序运作的代码。 Meanwhile,_I_have_to_master_a_variety_of_computer_languages,_creating_and_testing_code_that_allows_computer_applications_and_programs_to_function. ⑥我明确了自己的未来职业。 I'm_clear_about_my_future_career. ⑦我现在可以做的就是竭尽全力实现我的目标。 What_I_can_do_now_is_spare_no_effort_to_make_my_goal_come_true. 2．句式升级 ①用so that合并句③和句④ I_have_to_work_hard_to_learn_mathematics_and_physics,_so_that_I_can_lay_a_solid_foundation_for_computer_science. ②用since合并句⑥和句⑦ Since_I'm_clear_about_my_future_career，what_I_can_do_now_is_spare_no_effort_to_make_my_goal_come_true. Step Four　连句成篇 With our graduation drawing approaching, I've made up my mind about future career in computer engineering. It is not an easy job to be a qualified computer programmer.I have to work hard to learn mathematics and physics，so that I can lay a solid foundation for computer science.Meanwhile，I have to master a variety of computer languages，creating and testing code that allows computer applications and programs to function. Since I'm clear about my future career，what I can do now is spare no effort to make my goal come true. 课时跟踪检测(八) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She asked him to contribute a weekly(每周的) article on European affairs. 2．Our monthly rent for the three­bedroom apartment was around 2，000 yuan. 3．We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget． 4．Once I have paid off all my loans(贷款), there will not be a penny left! 5．He has been a valued client(客户) of our bank for many years. 6．Detectives(警探) are hunting for thieves who broke into a warehouse yesterday. 7．If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory． 8．He laid the groundwork(准备工作) for a good command of French at high school. 9．He has acquired a reputation as this country's premier(最著名的) solo violinist. 10．Her work experience has been various, including that of the director of an environmental research institute(机构). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I think we should weigh up the situation carefully before committing ourselves. 2．I paid the bill but he neglected to give me a receipt(receive). 3．Because of the shuttle, space flight has become an international commercial(commerce) enterprise. 4．The dam was put on the line because of the rising flood. 5．Judging the appeal of a person's inner beauty is much more subjective(subject). 6．We carefully labeled/labelled(label) each item with the contents and the date. 7．His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. 8．She's got a first­rate degree and some sort of business qualification(qualify). 9．The boss swung into action as soon as he learned there was a dispute between the two departments. 10．They plan to_plug(plug) the leaking oil well with an experimental well cap. Ⅲ.用适当的连词完成句子 1．Everything depends on whether they can arrive here on time or not. 2．The suggestion that students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering. 3．Experience is what matters—age is of secondary importance. 4．After entering into the society, I understand how difficult life is. 5．I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away. 6．He promised to give a great reward to whoever found the gold watch. 7．The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 8．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang onto hope. 9．I think what impresses me about this painting is the colour he uses. 10．Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. Ⅳ.用适当的连词完成短文 It was reported 1.that there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.According to 2.what the police said, a car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured.3.Who will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain 4.whether the driver was guilty or not.5.What the police should do now is 6.that they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.how the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.that the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn't admit the fact 9.that he was over­speed driving at the turning.The police doubted 10.whether what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·湖南益阳三校高三上期末联考)Workers are returning to their careers, or starting new ones after age 65. More than ever, work is where many of us get our sense of purpose.That doesn't end at age 65. After being retired for only three months, Sue Ellen King returned to work at the University of Florida Health in Jacksonville, Florida, where she had been a care nurse and nursing educator for 38 years.She is now working part­time in a position created just for her.“It's perfect，” she told The New York Times.“I get the satisfaction of having people appreciate what I do.” With the average lifespan for those who reach age 64 now getting all the way to 84 years old, those who reach retirement age still have many potential years of work to go. Job sites connected toward part­timers, temporary positions, and some can also turn up opportunities that may lead to longer­term work.Fred Dodd tried a part­time job after his unemployment as a clerk for large banks at age 63.He'd thought about retiring then.“But part of me just wanted to keep working partly for the money, but more just because I felt I wanted to do more in my career, ” he said. The retired have the advantage of not needing to focus on the potential earnings of whatever jobs they take on, so these older workers are attracted to more meaningful work. And since they are voluntarily putting their skills and experience to good use, they may well have more flexibility than mid­career people.Two­thirds of retirees who'd come back to the work world were doing meaningful work they enjoyed.Legal work and community service were popular choices, as was teaching—all areas in which older workers might have an opportunity to make their own schedules. Earning more money rarely seems like a bad idea, but it can cause issues for retirees, including effects when they claim Social Security benefits early. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了65岁以后，退休工人们开始重返自己的职业生涯， 或者开始新的职业生涯这一社会现象。 1．How does Sue Ellen King like her work? A．Interesting. B．Satisfying. C．Boring. D．Encouraging. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘It's perfect，’ she told The New York Times.‘I get the satisfaction of having people appreciate what I do.’”可知， Sue Ellen King对她的工作很满意。 2．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A．An example of successful returning to work after retirement. B．The reason why Sue Ellen King found a nursing job. C．An introduction of Sue Ellen King's work. D．An example of working full­time in a university. A　解析：主旨大意题。第二段主要以Sue Ellen King为例， 介绍她在退休三个月后，重返工作岗位，对此她感到非常满足。由此可知， 本段主要是给出了一个人退休后成功重返工作岗位的例子。 3．What was the main reason for Fred to have a part­time job? A．He was out of work. B．He could help large banks. C．He had personal crisis. D．He liked continuing working. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知， Fred做兼职工作是因为他喜欢继续工作。 4．Why do the retired like meaningful jobs? A．These jobs have more flexibility. B．These jobs have lots of potential. C．They don't care much for salary. D．They can't do very hard jobs. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，退休人员的优势在于不管他们从事什么工作，他们都不需要关注潜在的收入，所以这些年长的员工会被更有意义的工作吸引。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2022·湖北省高三第一学期十一校联考) Traveling is what makes your life complete. You may often complain that there is too much work and no time to travel.1.______ There are hundreds of reasons why you should travel. Here are only 4 of them： There is no tomorrow, take a break now. Be spontaneous and travel whenever you feel like leaving your daily routine. Waiting for certain time of the year so that you could spoil yourself is wrong. Your company won't bankrupt or disappear if you leave it for a week or two. There are plenty of people who can substitute you and do your job while you are away. 2.______ Here the point is to plan a week ahead. If you work hard you can play hard. Always remember that the quality of your work will improve if you have a good rest and let yourself relax and recharge with energy and positive emotions. You cannot be a good employee if you are unhappy and tense. Your family suffers, too. When your mind is free you can perform at 200 percent. 3.______ You lose balance and harmony if you experience too much stress, perform a lot of demanding routine and constantly take responsibilities. Take care of yourself. Make sure that your well­being does not suffer. 4．______ We all want to excel in our profession. We want to be in charge even at home. We like to be appreciated by the community. Being such person requires several important qualities. To gain the required qualities you must have multi­dimensional personality. The more new activities you practice, the more chances you can become a better leader.5.______ A．Making excuse is much easier than acting. B．Finding balance isn't easy yet it is worth trying. C．Have a richer life if you want to be a better leader. D．Traveling is also a means of broadening your horizons. E．You are useless as a worker if your body does not feel great. F．You can do some of it in advance or you can keep it in on hold. G．Be an instructor, inspire others and do what you would like others to do. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。不要抱怨工作太忙没有时间旅游，旅游让你更爱生活。本文主要论述了旅游的理由，包括：放松自己才能提高工作质量，平衡好工作和业余生活会让你的工作做得更好，旅游和参加不同的活动可以丰富自己的人生，有利于培养领导才能等。 1．B　解析：根据上句“You may often complain that there is too much work and no time to travel.”可知，你可能经常抱怨工作太多，没有时间去旅行。根据下句“There are hundreds of reasons why you should travel.”可知，关于为什么你应该去旅行有成百上千的理由。据此可知，空处前后为转折关系，说明旅游是值得的，故B项正确。 2．F　解析：根据空处上句“There are plenty of people who can substitute you and do your job while you are away.”可知，你不在的时候，有很多人可以代替你做你的工作。据此可以判断，空处应说明在旅游期间如何处理好工作的事情，即你可以提前做一些，也可以把它放在一边。故F项正确。 3．E　解析：根据该段小标题“You cannot be a good employee if you are unhappy and tense.”可知，该段说明，如果你不开心、紧张，你就不能成为一个好员工。结合该段第一句可知，如果你的身体感觉不好，则家庭也受到影响，你也不会是一个好员工，故E项正确。 4．C　解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的小标题；通读该段可知，该段倒数第二句“The more new activities you practice, the more chances you can become a better leader.(你参加的新活动越多，你就越有可能成为一个更好的领导者。)”为主题句。据此可知，该段主要说明：如果你想成为一个更好的领导者，那就要拥有更丰富的生活。故C项正确。 5．G　解析：通读空处前的内容可知，该段主要说明如果要出类拔萃，就应当多参加各种不同的活动，拥有多维度的人格，这样才可能成为一个更好的领导者。空处总结前文，说明卓越领导人的特点：做导师激励别人，做你想让别人做的事。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·山东青岛高三上期末) Many high school students in the United States get training in construction skills by building real houses. The project 1.__________(run) by the Waterloo Career Center. The center offers students different programs designed 2.__________(prepare) them for careers in technical fields. Students from the Waterloo Community School District 3.__________(recent) took part in construction training that centered on the skill of masonry(砖石建筑)—work done with stone, brick or concrete materials. The students spent five days at their school learning 4.__________ experienced workers from the Masonry Institute of Iowa, a 5.__________(profession) organization. The workers taught the students 6.__________ to mix mortar(砂浆) and build walls with bricks and blocks. The students moved the mortar onto 7.__________(piece) of wood and then added bricks and blocks to form walls. Chris Busch helped oversee the students' efforts. As the students worked, Busch 8.__________(offer) them an important piece of advice. He told the students to be sure to use a leveling tool to check that the wall stands straight and level. West High student Nathan Elliott told the Waterloo­Cedar Falls Courier newspaper that this kind of learning was much better 9.__________ sitting at a computer. Other students also said it got them 10.__________(excite) about future careers in construction. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由滑铁卢职业中心运营的建筑培训项目。该项目旨在为学生们在技术领域的职业生涯做好准备，参加该项目的高中生高度肯定了它。 1．is run　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：该项目由滑铁卢职业中心运营。第一段介绍这个建筑培训项目，为陈述事实，故时态为一般现在时；The project为单数，与run之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态；run为不规则动词，过去分词为run，故填is run。 2．to prepare　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该中心为学生提供多种旨在为他们在技术领域的职业生涯做好准备的项目。be designed to do sth.表示“旨在做某事”，故填to prepare。 3．recently　解析：考查副词。句意：滑铁卢社区学校的学生最近参加了以砖石建筑技术为中心的建筑培训。修饰动词短语took part in用副词，故填recently。 4．from　解析：考查介词。句意：学生们在学校里待了五天，向专业机构艾奥瓦州砌体研究所经验丰富的工人学习。learn from表示“向……学习”，故填from。 5．professional　解析：考查形容词。句意见上题解析。修饰名词organization用形容词，故填professional。 6．how　解析：考查疑问词。句意：工人们教学生们如何混合砂浆并用砖和木头砌墙。此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，how to do sth.表示“如何做某事”。故填how。 7．pieces　解析：考查名词的数。句意：学生们把砂浆搬到一块块木头上然后加砖加块砌成墙。piece是可数名词，pieces of表示“一块块的”，故填pieces。 8．offered　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：在学生们工作的时候，布希给了他们一条重要的建议。worked表明此处用一般过去时，故填offered。 9．than　解析：考查介词。句意：韦斯特高中的内森艾利奥特告诉《滑铁卢—雪松瀑布信使报》说这种学习方式比坐在电脑前要好得多。much better表明此处用than。 10．excited　解析：考查形容词。句意：其他学生也表示，这让他们对未来的建筑职业感到兴奋。修饰人用­ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到……的”，故填excited。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Eric最近发邮件询问你的职业规划，请用英语给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1．理想的职业及原因； 2．职业规划。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Eric， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear_Eric， There are various kinds of careers in the world. As for me, I have made up my mind to be a teacher. I want to be a teacher in the future because I think teaching is the most glorious career in the world.Nothing is more important than education to a nation.I'm honoured to devote myself to education.Besides, I like communicating with students.It can help me to keep a young heart to stay with students. But teaching is not an easy job.I must study hard to obtain more knowledge.What's more, I will learn how to get on well with students.I think I will be a good teacher in the future. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$