Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册作业与测评word（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 One early morning, in June, last year, it was sunny. I was __1__ my son at school when I saw a little girl wearing a T­shirt with the word “Titanic” written on the front. __2__ the school uniform policy, I believed this meant that the girl belonged to a class team called “Titanic”. As I pulled out of the school, I couldn't __3__ but ask myself why the students would __4__ their team “Titanic” and expect it to be __5__． I watched the movie, __6__ my kids who forced me to watch it with them. Looking at the screen, the __7__ came to me: What sunk the Titanic? Was it because the ship was not well __8__？ Or was it because the owner was overconfident? In my view, the ship sunk due to a __9__ of many reasons. To start with, the owner of the ship assumed his ship was too modern and too solid to sink. That was his first mistake. In life, nothing is __10__. Life can change in the __11__ of an eye and however prepared you are, you might need to __12__ the possibility of a sinking ship. Mistake number two was that the ship had more people __13__ than the lifeboats on the ship could carry. __14__， this was because the owner was overconfident about his vessel. Or he was just careless and __15__ of the danger of not having enough rescue tools. The biggest lesson we learn from this mistake is this: Never bite off more than you can chew. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到学生穿着印有“泰坦尼克”的T恤，回想起看过的电影《泰坦尼克号》，并分析了泰坦尼克号沉没的主要原因，并由此联想到人际关系。 1．A.leaving B．dropping C．picking D．taking 答案：B　根据“One early morning”及“As I pulled out of the school”可知，此处指一天早上作者开车送儿子到学校。drop有“(开车)顺路送(某人)到(某处)”的意思。故选B。 2．A.Following B．Hearing C．Neglecting D．Knowing 答案：D　作者了解学校的校服制度，因此认为这个女孩属于一个叫“泰坦尼克”的班级团队。故选D。 3．A.help B．imagine C．think D．wonder 答案：A　作者在看到女孩穿着印有“Titanic”字样的T恤时，情不自禁地问自己，学生们为什么会将自己的团队命名为“泰坦尼克”。can't/couldn't help but do sth是固定结构，意为“禁不住做某事”。故选A。 4．A.name B．award C．fix D．set 答案：A　根据上文的“a class team called ‘Titanic’”可知，设空处与called同义，应用name，意为“命名，取名”。故选A。 5．A.smooth B．successful C．useful D．reliable 答案：B　泰坦尼克号是沉没的船，作者想知道为什么学生们给自己的团队取这个名字，但同时又期待这个团队能够成功。故选B。 6．A.thanks to B．followed by C．resulting in D．caused by 答案：A　作者观看了《泰坦尼克号》这部电影，设空后是作者解释看这部电影的原因，即孩子们强迫作者跟他们一起看的。故选A。 7．A.suggestion B．doubt C．curiosity D．demand 答案：B　根据下文的问句“What sunk the Titanic? Was it because ... was overconfident？”可知，此处指作者的疑问(doubt)。故选B。 8．A.lucky B．prepared C．good D．advanced 答案：B　根据下文“however prepared you are”可知，此处指作者问自己船沉没是不是因为船没有做好准备。故选B。 9．A.mixture B．cause C．result D．combination 答案：D　根据设空后的“many reasons”可知，此处指在作者看来，船只沉没是很多原因的综合作用。mixture “混合；结合体”；cause “原因；起因”；result “结果”；combination “结合；联合；混合”。故选D。 10．A.safe B．guaranteed C．unexpected D．impossible 答案：B　上文提到船的主人认定自己的船足够现代和坚固，不会沉没，但后来船却沉了。由此可知，在生活中，没有什么是可以保证的。故选B。 11．A.opening B．staring C．twinkling D．glancing 答案：C　句意：生活瞬息万变，无论你准备得多么充分，你可能都需要应对沉船的可能性。twinkle意为“闪烁”，与眼睛所做的动作相符，in the twinkling of an eye用于形容“时间短促”，为固定搭配。故选C。 12．A.show up B．cope with C．leave behind D．cover up 答案：B　show up “出现”；cope with “处理，对付”；leave behind “丢弃，留下”；cover up “掩盖”。此处指无论你准备多充分，你可能都需要应对沉船的可能性，故选B。 13．A.on board B．in line C．on the top D．on upload 答案：A　句意：第二个错误是船上的人数超过了船上的救生船所能承载的人数。根据设空前的“the ship”可知，此处指“在船上”(on board)，故选A。 14．A.Meanwhile B．Again C．Instead D．Besides 答案：B　上文已经提到船主过于自信，此处再一次强调。故选B。 15．A.forgetting B．unknowing C．ignorant D．non­reminded 答案：C　句意：或者他只是粗心，忽视了缺少足够的救生工具的危险。此处更进一步分析船主的错误。be ignorant of “不知道……；对……一无所知”。故选C。 Ⅱ　阅读 What do you know about the sea? You may have seen it. Some of us have swum or bathed in it. It looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it? Of course, the sea is very large. The sea covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere; some parts of it are very great. At one spot, near Japan the sea is nearly 11 kilometres deep! Just think of it, the highest mountain in the world is only 9 kilometres high! If you have swum in the sea, you know that the water is salty. Rivers carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are more salty than other parts. Do you know the Dead Sea in Arabia? It is very salty. Swimmers cannot sink in it! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea. It is a strange sea. In most parts of the sea, there are a lot of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. No sunlight can reach the depth of the sea. So it is completely dark. Strange fishes live there. Some are blind. Some have their own lights. Some have great jaws. With their great jaws, they swallow fish larger than themselves. The sea can be very cold. Deep sea divers know this well. At the top the water may be warm. Then as the divers go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Many scientists are now making a study of animals and plant life in the sea. They hope to find new resources for mankind. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。海洋的秘密无穷无尽。有的地方很深，有的地方很浅；有的地方有生命；有的地方没有生命。在深不可测的海底，一样有着活跃的生命。 1．Which of the following statements cannot be inferred from the passage? A．Land covers one fourth of the area of the earth. B．The depths of the sea are different in different places. C．The depth of the sea at one spot near Japan is nearly the height of the highest mountain. D．The salt in the sea mainly comes from the land. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，世界上最高的山只有9千米，而靠近日本的某一处海洋深度可达到11千米，故选C。 2．The Dead Sea is lifeless because ________． A．the water in it is too cold B．the water in it is too salty for anything to grow C．the water in it never flows D．no sunlight can reach the bottom of the sea 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，死海里鱼类不能生存是因为死海的盐分太高，故选B。 3．We can see the underlined word “rough” in Paragraph 1 means “________”． A．ugly B．noisy C．cold D．not calm 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“when there is a strong wind”可知，刮强风时，大海很不平静。由此可知，rough与not calm同义。故选D。 4．What does the writer intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．The necessity of the study of the sea. B．The purpose of man's further study of the sea. C．Man's limited knowledge of the sea. D．The importance of new resources for man. 答案：B　推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍人类对海洋进行研究的目的，故选B。 W重点单词 swallow v. 吞下 P重点短语 bathe in 沐浴在…… Ⅲ　七选五 As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the ocean, and we should give things to it. We take fish from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year—to feed billions of people. __1__ We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates (蒸发). __2__ Much gold and silver dissolve (溶解) in the water of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__ Seaweed becomes foods of many kinds—even candy, and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__ But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea? Garbage. __5__ Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late. A．Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B．We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C．The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D．Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. E．We even use their bones for fertilizer. F．Some of its ingredients may cause illness. G．We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋，我们越来越依赖海洋的资源，但是却不断地污染海洋，作者借此呼吁人们减少海洋污染。 1．E　根据设空前句可知，我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼，来养活数十亿人。由此可知，设空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处，E项(我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料。)承接上文。故选E。 2．D　根据设空前两句可知，人们从海洋中提取矿物质，可以通过蒸发海水获得盐，D项(连同盐，其他矿物质在蒸发后也会被留下来。)承接上文。故选D。 3．A　根据设空前两句可知，来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以制成珠宝，设空后句说海藻可被制成多种食物。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。A项(天然海绵成为清洁助手。)承上启下。故选A。 4．F　根据设空前句可知，人们不能喝海水，故设空处应说明不能直接喝海水的原因。F项(它的某些成分可能会引发疾病。)承接上文。故选F。 5．B　根据设空前两句可知，人们给了海洋垃圾，污染了海洋，B项(当我们把海洋当作垃圾场时，我们会污染海洋。)承接上文。故选B。 Ⅳ　语法填空 (2023·湖北省黄冈中学高二下期末考试)Eating at restaurants hasn't always been known as the best choice for people __1__ are trying to keep a healthy diet. It is __2__ (extreme) hard for people to avoid food that isn't so good for them when dining out. However, you don't have to give __3__ your love of restaurants. There are ways that you can eat healthier food when dining out while you can still enjoy the experience. One method is to take time __4__ (read) the nutrition information. Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website. If you know you're going to visit __5__ certain restaurant, you should check the website first. If no nutrition information __6__ (list), you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order. Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces. Instead, consider __7__ (choose) a sauce that could add a rich flavor to your food without extra calories (卡路里)． All restaurants have water available. Whether it is free __8__ you have to buy it, you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda, which contains a lot of calories. Eating out doesn't have to be an unhealthy __9__ (decide) as long as you make wise choices. You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be __10__ (please) with your choices later on. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明外出就餐不一定是一个不健康的决定，有一些方法可以让你吃得健康。 1．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，指人，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 2．extremely　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰形容词hard。故填 extremely。 3．up　考查固定搭配。句意：然而，你不必放弃对于餐馆的热爱。give up意为 “放弃，停止”。故填up。 4．to read　考查非谓语动词。take time to do sth意为“花时间做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to read。 5．a　考查冠词。restaurant是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且certain的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 6．is listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。information与list之间是被动关系，设空处为条件状语从句中的谓语，表示一般情况，应用一般现在时。从句主语为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is listed。 7．choosing　考查非谓语动词。 consider doing sth意为“考虑做某事”。故填choosing。 8．or　考查连词。设空前的“Whether it is free (无论它是免费的)”与设空后的“you have to buy it (你需要花钱买它)”构成选择关系，此处应用选择连词。whether ... or ... 意为 “无论是……还是……”。故填or。 9．decision　考查词性转换。由 an unhealthy可知，此处应用单数名词decision。故填decision。 10．pleased　考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语。 be pleased with sth意为“对某事满意”。故填pleased。 【持续背记】 ①The meaning of this idiom is rather simple: There always exists a solution as long as you are strong­willed. 这个成语的意思很简单：只要你意志坚强，总会有解决的办法。 ②There's an old Chinese saying which goes, “He who hasn't been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 中国有句古谚语：“不到长城非好汉。” ③Part of me was very frightened and I consciously had to get a grip on myself. 我其实非常害怕，但又不得不有意识地让自己镇定下来。 【持续积累】 课时作业(二) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．She invented a ________ (故事) about missing the bus to explain her lateness. 答案：tale 2．He has insisted that his organization will not ________ (谈判) with the government. 答案：negotiate 3.Thus the first worker's ________ (联合会) came into being. 答案：league 4．Careful maintenance can ________ (延长) the life of your car. 答案：extend 5．A ________ (舰队) of French ships was sighted in the North Sea. 答案：fleet 6．Troops w________ from the northeast of the country last March. 答案：withdrew 7．The c________ is only available on cable, which makes him very annoyed. 答案：channel 8．The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to b________． 答案：behold 9．The experience created a very special b________ between us. 答案：bond 10．Make sure you visit the m________ museum if you're interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring. 答案：maritime Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．In societies with strong family ________ (bond), people tend to live longer. 答案：bonds 2．Following his nervous breakdown, he ________ (withdraw) from public life and refused to give any interviews. 答案：withdrew 3．They challenged him ________ (produce) evidence to support his allegations. 答案：to produce 4．We have been negotiating ________ more pay. 答案：for 5．They were ________ (royal) received in every aspect. 答案：royally 6．The best part of his expedition had been the rediscovery of his natural passion ________ making things. 答案：for 7．This year they have introduced three new products ________ (extend) their range. 答案：to extend 8．The 1，090 ft crude tanker was heading south­east towards international waters ________ the command of its captain once more. 答案：under 9．The memory of that will live with me for many years ________ (come)． 答案：to come 10．The ultimate aim is ________ (develop) the network further. 答案：to develop Ⅲ　单句表达 1．1492年哥伦布到达了现在被称作美洲的地方。 In 1492, Columbus ____________ is now called America. 答案：reached what 2．我们应该过低碳生活，以便能保护环境。 We should live a low­carbon life ________________ the environment. 答案：in order/so as to protect 3．虽然乘客抱怨这次旅行，但那艘华丽的轮船可以说是独领风骚。 Although passengers complained about the trip, the grand ship was _________． 答案：in a league of its own 4．这家公司已决定撤销部分体育项目的赞助。 The company has decided ________________ some of its sports sponsorship. 答案：to withdraw from 5．我别无选择，只能从事一份临时工作。 I had no choice ____________________ a temporary job. 答案：but to take up [思维训练] 阅读 A (2023·浙江高考1月)Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump__on__that__bandwagon． I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not­always­supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn't need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者如何在家人不完全理解和支持的情况下，践行自己的环保理念。 1．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you're doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“Chances are that ... ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段最后一句“I've learned ... household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中，正在尽力去弄清楚如何做出改变，我希望这些东西会让你感到鼓舞。)”可推知，画线部分与B项(加入你正在做的事情。)意思接近。故选B。 2．What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars? A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it. C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn't care about it. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere”可知，作者的父亲并不支持自带容器去购物这件事。故选A。 3．What can we infer about the author? A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others' privacy. C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle ... like me.”可推知，为了环保，五年前作者与父母磨合，后来又和丈夫磨合，可见其意志坚定。故选D。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one's own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 答案：C　主旨大意题。文章介绍了在与家人共同生活时，作者是如何践行自己的零浪费生活方式的。故选C。 B “When I was 16 years old, I was scuba diving (水肺潜水) in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, 25, an engineer who designed the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system. Every year, over 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans. These can take up to 500 years to break down. If left alone, sea animals become entangled in them and can even die if the plastics are taken in. Worse, humans can be affected when these plastics break down. “Smaller pieces enter the food chain, and that's a food chain that includes us humans，” Slat said. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this__depressing__reality,__Slat created The Ocean Cleanup in 2013 and put his plan for an ocean plastic cleanup device into action. After years of research and development in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastic on Oct.2, 2019. The device uses a 600­meter­long “C” shaped tube to gather all the floating rubbish. Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster­moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3­meter­deep skirt (挡板) attached to the end. After being gathered, the rubbish will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled. Currently, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is three times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50 percent of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five years. It remains to be seen if this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused. “We are starting to see a young generation that gets that and is excited about a sustainable future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there？” Slat said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋塑料对海洋和人类的危害，并且呼吁人们共同努力，减少塑料的使用，修复垃圾造成的破坏。 5．Which of the following statements is mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A．Slat took up scuba diving at the age of 16. B．Slat showed a great interest in ocean environments. C．Plastics pose a great threat to sea animals and humans. D．It doesn't take long to break down the plastics in the ocean. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句“If left alone, sea animals become entangled in them and can even die if the plastics are taken in. Worse, humans can be affected when these plastics break down.(如果不加管束，海洋动物就会被塑料缠住，如果塑料被吸收，它们甚至会死亡。更糟糕的是，当这些塑料分解时，人类可能会受到影响。)”可知，塑料对海洋动物和人类都构成巨大威胁。故选C。 6．What does the underlined part “this depressing reality” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Many sea creatures take in plastics. B．Humans are influenced by the plastics. C．Ocean plastics are difficult to get rid of. D．The weight of ocean plastics will reach a new peak. 答案：D　指代判断题。根据画线短语上文“predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050 (预测到2050年海洋塑料的重量将相当于海洋中所有鱼类的重量)”和“To prevent (为了阻止)”可推知，this depressing reality是指“海洋塑料的重量将达到一个新的高峰”。故选D。 7．What do we know about System 001/B? A．It floats in a fixed direction. B．It started collecting plastic about four years ago. C．It collects and recycles the rubbish at the same time. D．It aims to clear the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in a decade. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第四段“After years of research and development in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastic on Oct.2, 2019.”可知，名为System 001/B的设备于2019年10月2日成功开始收集塑料，由此可推知，该设备于大约四年前开始收集塑料。故选B。 8．What is Slat's attitude towards the future of the environment? A．Concerned. B．Indifferent. C．Positive. D．Tolerant. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We are starting to see a young generation ... Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there？’ Slat said. (‘我们开始看到年轻一代明白这一点，并对可持续的未来感到兴奋，但问题仍然归结为：我们的速度够快吗？在我们到达那里之前，会造成多大的破坏？’Slat(斯莱特)说。)”可推知，Slat对环境的未来持担心的态度。故选A。 W重点单词 1．entangled adj. 卷入的；被缠住的 2．humanity n. 人类 P重点短语 break down 分解 【持续背记】 ①Yellow is often connected with sunshine and warmth, though on traffic signs it means that we should take cautions. 虽然交通指示中黄色代表行人要小心，但多数时候，黄色和阳光及温暖联系在一起。 ②The firefighters went back into the house with scant regard for their own safety. 消防员奋不顾身地返回那座房子。 ③While most of us enjoy fine appearance, it is more significant to cultivate a pure soul. 虽然我们大多数人都喜欢美丽的外表，但更重要的是培养纯洁的心灵。 【持续积累】 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$