Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册作业与测评word（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 When people talk about the future, we like to think that we will be able to drive out of our garages and take to the __1__ in our own personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. Some people __2__ this technology will allow complete three­dimensional freedom of movement. We could fly at 489 kilometres per hour, __3__ traffic lights, busy roads and speeding tickets. However, some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. They claim that there are certain to be problems with traffic __4__. Another big problem is mechanical __5__. What will happen if they break down? __6__， if they become popular, there is likely to be another big problem: air traffic congestion. So it looks like flying cars face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Most of us have printed out an electronic document on paper, but think about the __7__ of printing out a three­dimensional object in plastic. 3D printers build an object using layers line­by­line like a(n) __8__ printer until the object is complete. Vehicle companies like BMW and Volkswagen already use 3D printers to make life­size models of car parts. At the moment the process is slow and quality is __9__， but before long it might be possible to see a product on a website and then __10__ it to your printer at home. In the future we could make our own furniture, jewellery, cups, plates, shoes and toys from designs on our computers, and reduce the amount of __11__ we have to do. Imagine having your own Ironman suit. There are several companies trying to build a practical robot “exoskeleton”. This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your __12__. It will allow the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk long distances and even punch through walls! There are __13__ military advantages for this technology and might help people to walk again after disease or injury. However, besides cost and battery life, another problem is that a badly __14__ robot suit could injure the wearer because you wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending the __15__ way. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提到了关于未来世界的三个想象：飞行汽车，3D打印和钢铁侠套装，它们都有各自的优点，但还有很多问题需要解决。 1．A.parking lot B．valley C．sky D．dimension 答案：C　句意：当人们谈论未来时，我们喜欢这样想：我们从车库开出我们自己的飞行汽车飞向天空。parking lot “停车场”；valley “山谷”；sky “天空”；dimension “(空间的)维度；范围”。故选C。 2．A.confirm B．predict C．prove D．approve 答案：B　句意：一些人预测这项技术将允许完全的三维自由移动。confirm “证实”；predict “预测”；prove “证明”；approve “赞成”。故选B。 3．A.neglecting B．avoiding C．changing D．controlling 答案：B　neglect “忽视”；avoid “避免，避开”；change “改变”；control “控制”。根据上文“We could fly at 489 kilometres per hour”及语境可知，飞行汽车在空中飞行，可以避开红绿灯、拥挤的道路和超速罚单，以每小时489公里的速度行驶。故选B。 4．A.flows B．crashes C．organization D．control 答案：D　flow “流动；车流”；crash “撞车，相撞”；organization “组织”；control “控制，管制”。结合语境可知，飞行汽车在空中飞行，会存在交通管制的问题。故选D。 5．A.accidents B．industry C．failure D．analysis 答案：C　accident “事故”；industry “工业”；failure “失败；故障”；analysis “分析”。根据下文“What will happen if they break down？”可知，此处指飞行汽车的机械故障问题。故选C。 6．A.Also B．Hence C．However D．Therefore 答案：A　根据下文“if they become popular, there is likely to be another big problem”可知，下文继续讲述飞行汽车的问题，与上文是递进关系，also符合语境。故选A。 7．A.access B．improvement C．possibility D．compliment 答案：C　access “通道；机会”；improvement “提高，改善”；possibility “可能性”；compliment “赞扬”。此处是指考虑用塑料打印出三维物体的可能性，故选C。 8．A.normal B．home­made C．special D．imported 答案：A　normal “正常的，平常的”；home­made “国产的；家庭自制的”；special “特殊的”；imported “进口的”。此处是指像平常的打印机一样，故选A。 9．A.high B．advanced C．various D．low 答案：D　high “高的”；advanced “先进的”；various “各种各样的”；low “低的”。根据上文“the process is slow”可知，此处是指目前3D打印机打印过程很慢，且打印的汽车零件质量低下。故选D。 10．A.click B．check C．remove D．download 答案：D　click “点击”；check “检查”；remove “移除”；download “下载”。根据上文“see a product on a website”可知，此处是指人们可能会在网站上看到产品，然后把它下载到家里的打印机上。故选D。 11．A.shopping B．bargaining C．shipping D．delivery 答案：A　根据上文“In the future ... from designs on our computers”可知，我们可以在电脑上制作各种东西，所以会减少购物量，故选A。 12．A.intentions B．movements C．instructions D．advice 答案：B　intention “意图，目的”；movement “动作”；instruction “指令，用法说明”；advice “建议”。根据下文“It will allow the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk long distances and even punch through walls！”可知，钢铁侠套装可以随着穿戴者的动作而移动。故选B。 13．A.forceful B．possible C．obvious D．doubtful 答案：C　句意：这项技术有明显的军事优势，可能帮助人们在疾病或受伤后再次行走。forceful “有力的”；possible “可能的”；obvious “明显的”；doubtful “怀疑的”。故选C。 14．A.criticized B．programmed C．developed D．commented 答案：B　根据语境可知，此处指程序编写不好的机器人套装可能会伤害穿戴者，故选B。 15．A.wavy B．direct C．wrong D．straight 答案：C　wavy “波纹状的”；direct “直接的”；wrong “错误的”；straight “直的”。根据上文“could injure the wearer”可知，此处指机器人以错误的方式弯曲可能会伤害到穿戴者。故选C。 Ⅱ　阅读 Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new. But robots able to learn how to cook by watching videos are a completely different approach, which is conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Maryland. If you have posted a video of your favorite recipe on the popular website YouTube, chances are that it will be used by a robot. University of Maryland's professor Yiannis Aloimonos, leader of the group, said “There exists a large amount of video information on the Internet that our robots can capitalize__on．” “At present, the videos are fed electronically，” said research scientist Cornelia Fermuller. “Originally, we took our own videos, our cameras looking at us doing the cooking，” she explained. “And, as the robot advances, it reacts to good quality videos. And it will react to even lower quality home­made videos.” So far, the robot named Julia can make a simple salad by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results. But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed program? Aloimonos believes predetermined instructions lack flexibility. He thinks one of the problems is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during a certain task, the so­called feedback； another is the introduction of language. “I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical language，” he added. “But，” he said, “we don't need that to create a new world where the robots will be working for us.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。机器人按既定指令完成任务并不让人觉得新鲜，但能看着视频学做饭的机器人可能让人闻所未闻。 1．The underlined phrase “capitalize on” probably can be replaced by “________”． A．take hold of B．make use of C．keep track of D．catch sight of 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，机器人能利用网上大量的视频信息。结合第二段最后一句可知，capitalize on应与“make use of”意思相近，故选B。 2．Aloimonos probably agrees that at present the robot ________． A．can not fully digest what it learns B．can not make a simple salad C．can follow home­made videos D．can understand metaphorical language 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，该机器人目前还不能理解比喻性的语言。根据倒数第二段最后一句可推知，该机器人还不能完全消化它学的东西，故选A。 3．Robots are taught to understand a video mainly because ________． A．they can easily follow fixed programs B．they are smart enough to learn cooking C．cooking videos are more interesting to watch D．predetermined instructions are not flexible 答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句“But why teach a robot ... predetermined instructions lack flexibility.”可知，教机器人理解视频是因为预定指令不够灵活，故选D。 4．Which of the following might best serve as the title of the passage? A．Robots Creating a New World B．Robots Making Cooking Videos C．Robots Learning to Cook by Watching Videos D．Robots Performing Tasks by Following Instructions 答案：C　标题判断题。文章主要介绍了机器人通过观看视频学做饭的事情，因此C项是最佳标题。故选C。 温馨提示：阅读中标注的W部分为重点单词，标注的P部分为重点短语，旨在通过此栏目的练习，帮助学生夯实基础，做到厚积薄发。 W重点单词 1．flexibility n. 灵活性 2.feedback n. 反馈 3．metaphorical adj. 比喻性的 P重点短语 1．a set of 一套 2．react to 对……作出反应 Ⅲ　语法填空 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, __1__ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether __2__ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), __3__ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the __4__ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed __5__ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __6__ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of __7__ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with __8__ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is __9__ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left __10__ (want) more next time. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包。 1．tasty　考查词性转换。设空处需用形容词tasty “美味的”作定语，修饰名词soup。故填tasty。 2．to bite　考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth “决定做某事”，设空处与后面to put并列作宾语。故填to bite。 3．or　考查连词。whether ... or ... “是……还是……”。故填or。 4．recognized　考查非谓语动词。recognize与home是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词recognized作定语，recognized “被公认的”。故填recognized。 5．by　考查介词。此处指包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand “用手”，是固定搭配。故填by。 6．to be lifted　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”，宾语补足语to lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be lifted。 7．their　考查代词。修饰后面的名词contents，需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 8．a　考查冠词。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，是固定搭配。故填a。 9．rarely　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词enough，作状语。故填rarely。 10．wanting　考查非谓语动词。此处考查“leave sb＋宾语补足语”结构，I与want之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填wanting。 温馨提示： 写作写不出来，从这里开始储备。经典的，热点的，你所关心的，你所需要的，持续背记，持续积累，相信它们一定能助你笔下生花！ 【持续背记】 ①The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture. 鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。 ②As a proverb says, storms make trees take deeper roots. 正如一句格言所说，风暴使树木深深扎根。 ③Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice; during autumn, these same mountains are flash gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets of white frost. 夏天，水稻生长，群山绿意盎然；秋天漫山铺金，冬天银装素裹。 【持续积累】 课时作业(二) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．It's too early to ________ (表明) his efforts a success. 答案：declare 2．Every month Mr Blank sets aside 100 dollars out of his ________ (薪水) for his old age. 答案：salary 3．It is ________ (荒谬的) that people can jump to such conclusions without any factual evidence to back them up. 答案：ridiculous/absurd 4．The manager told me he would inform me ahead of time in case he had to cancel our ________ (约会)． 答案：appointment 5．At first, she worked as a ________ (女售货员) in a department store and later she opened her own store. 答案：saleswoman 6．There are a number of science f________ and fantasy novels I can recommend. 答案：fiction 7．If you were wrong, admit it; you won't lose d________， but will gain respect. 答案：dignity 8．Nearly 40 percent of the respondents express concern about the law, w________ 58 percent say they are not worried at all. 答案：whereas 9．He got a l________， put it against the high wall of the garden and climbed up it. 答案：ladder 10. I________ and diligence are words that spring to mind when we are talking of Steven. 答案：Integrity Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I felt ________ (guilt) about not visiting my parents more often. 答案：guilty 2．The ancient pagoda (佛塔) is still there, but not in its ________ (integrate)． 答案：integrity 3．The teenager from the United States was widely ________ (respect) for what she had done. 答案：respected 4．His mean words are ________ like to discourage us than encourage us. 答案：more 5．The price of beer here is ________ (ridiculous) high. 答案：ridiculously 6．This model had been tested ________ before it was put into production. 答案：out 7．A lamp was suspended ________ the ceiling. 答案：from 8．The ________ (appoint) has not yet been officially announced. 答案：appointment 9．Many lives ________ (save) by surgery till now. 答案：have been saved 10．At 12 o'clock the class was ________ (dismiss)． 答案：dismissed Ⅲ　单句表达 1．老板已经任命我当这个部门的经理。 The boss ________________ the manager of the department. 答案：has appointed me as 2．这个地区已经被宣布为国家公园。 The area ______________________ a national park. 答案：has been declared (to be) 3．依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。 I'd say he was __________________________， if anything. 答案：more like his father 4．人的生命是有限的，而为人民服务却是无限的。 One's life is finite, ________________ the people is infinite. 答案：whereas serving 5．把那些想法从你的头脑中剔除——它们都是疯狂的，不值得去想。 Just ________ those thoughts ________ your mind—they're crazy and not worth thinking about. 答案：dismiss; from [思维训练] 阅读 A Gold Fame Citrus by Claire Vaye Watkins ($5.99) With the flight of its characters through a landscape destroyed by climate crisis, this novel does not indicate much hopefulness for the future. Within it is a series of situations and consequences made more severe in a future California short of water. Across the desert, we follow Watkins' characters through a place so transformed that it needs its own field guide of animals newly adapted for strange survival. The Ministry for the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson ($18.1) The Ministry for the Future is a masterpiece of the imagination, using fictional eyewitness accounts to tell the story of how climate will affect us all. Its setting is not a deserted world, but a future that is almost upon us. This extraordinary novel from the visionary science fiction writer will change the way you think about the climate crisis. Breathing Fire by Jaim Lowe ($27) The front lines of the fight against climate change are peopled with those society has forgotten. Up to 30 percent of the firefighters battling wildfires in California each year are prisoners performing backbreaking labor while earning a 40th of what a civilian makes. This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of environmental crisis. Something Under the Sun by Alexandra Kleeman ($28) In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy (阴谋). But this is L．A., where wildfires burn all year long and the rich store water while the poor suffer from the consequence of climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city toward a disaster. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了以气候危机为写作背景的书。 1．Which book will change how we look at the climate crisis? A．Gold Fame Citrus. B．The Ministry for the Future. C．Breathing Fire. D．Something Under the Sun. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据The Ministry for the Future中最后一句“This extraordinary novel ... you think about the climate crisis.(这位富有远见的科幻作家的这部非同寻常的小说将改变你对气候危机的看法。)”可知，The Ministry for the Future将改变你对气候危机的看法。故选B。 2．Which category does Something Under the Sun fall into? A．Drama. B．Biography. C．Fiction. D．Poetry. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据Something Under the Sun中第一句“In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel ... to investigate a conspiracy (阴谋)．(在Alexandra Kleeman(亚历山德拉·克里曼)的新小说中，一位刚到洛杉矶的小说家与一名前童星合作，调查一起阴谋。)”可知，Something Under the Sun是一部小说，故选C。 3．What do the four books have in common? A．They show concern over climate crisis. B．They are at a discount. C．They are intended for parents. D．They are set in California. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，每一本小说都是将气候危机作为写作背景，由此可推知，它们都展示了对气候危机的担忧。故选A。 W重点单词 1．landscape n. 风景；景色 2．setting n. 环境；(戏剧、小说或电影的)背景 P重点短语 suffer from 忍受，遭受 B Science Daily—Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that not only can walk and run very well, but use little energy at the same time. Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work, create prosthetic limbs for humans that work much better than in the past, or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get “walking” abilities. “Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time，” said Jonathan Hurst, a professor at OSU. “What we've done is studying what behaviour is really possible for a robot.” The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy. Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles. They have different ways to deal with forces, such as holding something hard in place rigidly， like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride. In their recent studies, the OSU researchers proved that these two__abilities are mutually exclusive. Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles. For a robot, the more it's able to do one of these tasks, the less able it is to do the other. Present robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking. But this way uses a lot of energy. The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance, but uses far less energy, and is closer to the abilities of animals. “So there's no reason why we shouldn't be able to build robots with good movement ability，” Hurst said.“Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations. But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。 《科技日报》报道了俄勒冈州立大学在机器人运动技能方面所取得的进展。 4．The robots being studied by researchers at OSU ________． A．are successful now B．use much energy C．have made important progress D．can run faster than humans 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，俄勒冈州立大学的研究者们所研究的机器人取得了很大进步。故选C。 5．Which of the following have the researchers been studying all the time? A．The robots' movement. B．The robots' weight. C．The robots' sizes. D．The robots' walking speed. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“have been working toward robot movement for a long time”可知，研究人员一直在研究机器人的运动。故选A。 6．The underlined words “two abilities” in Paragraph 4 refer to “________”． A．walking and running B．walking and holding C．moving and using little energy D．moving and balancing 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句“Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles.”可知，人类与动物在移动时能够保持身体平衡。因此，下文提到的这两种能力就是指移动和保持平衡。故选D。 7．According to Jonathan Hurst, we know that robots with good movement ability ________． A．can be used in medical science B．are only used in highly dangerous situations C．will hardly be created in the future D．will have a bad influence on man 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Jonathan(乔纳森)教授所说的话可知，这种机器人对高危险区作业有帮助，也可用于假肢方面，即医学方面。故选A。 W重点单词 rigidly adv. 牢牢地 P重点短语 1．make progress 取得进步 2．deal with 处理；克服 【持续背记】 ①It goes without saying that Confucius has a great effect on the values of later generations. 毋庸置疑，孔子对后世的价值观有很大的影响。 ②Reading and taking exercise are not only beneficial to my mental and physical health, but also can help me get rid of my bad habits. 读书和锻炼不仅有利于我的身心健康，而且可以帮助我改掉坏习惯。 ③She has been highly respected for her wisdom as well as courage by the Chinese people. 她因她的智慧和勇气而备受中国人民的尊敬。 【持续积累】 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$