Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section IV Extended reading Project 课前预可自检 KE CLAN YU力JIAN 寻原文与直译 Borrowed words 外来词 “The restaurant's fried tofu is delicious.” “这家餐厅的炸豆腐真美味。” Is there anything special about this sentence? 这句话有什么特别之处吗？ Wel,all the words except“the”and“is”are borrowed from other languages! 好吧，除了“the”和“is”之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的！ This comes as no surprise.given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages,including Latin,Greek,French and Chinese. 这并不奇怪，鉴于英语有300多种不同语言的外来词，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。 However,English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages-borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. 然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言借用词汇的语言一几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来 词。 For example,English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include "bacon","tank" and“golr. 例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词汇包括“培根(bacon)”“坦克(tank)”和“高尔夫(golD”。 词句自测 ①tof血n.豆腐 ②bacon n.成猪肉，熏猪肉 ③tank n.坦克；（贮放液体或气体的）罐 ④go止n.高尔夫球运动 Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. 当不同语言的两种文化互动时，就会出现词语借用。 This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue. 这种情况往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。 This phenomenon has been occurring for thousands of years. 这一现象已经延续数千年。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 In the current age of globalization,when communications technology brings different cultures closer together,words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before,especially those related to technological developments,such as "email" and“nternet'”, 在如今的全球化时代中，当通讯技术使得不同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有 可能会以前所未有的速度直接从源语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如“电 子邮件(email)”和“互联网Internet)”。 .Though borrowing words has become faster,the process is still complex,and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. 尽管借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。 词句自测 ⑤integratet&n,(使)合并；（使）加入 ⑥though引导让步状语从句：before引导时闻状语从句。 At first,the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers. 起初，外来词只被双语者所使用。 It then spreads to people who do not know the original language.and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak,almost unknowingly 然后它会传播给不懂源语言的人，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变发音，使之适应自己的 说话方式。 An example of this is the word "kung fu",which refers to Chinese martial arts 这一过程的一个例子就是“功夫”这个词，它指的是中国武术。 This word comes from Chinese gongfu 这个词来自汉语词汇“功夫”。 Over time,the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones. 随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟悉的发音所取代了。 .The longer a borrowed word has been in use,the more it sounds and even looks like the native language 一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 词句自测 ⑦bilingual adj会说两种语言的：用两种语言（写）的 ⑧kung fun.功夫 ⑨who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的people:they speak是the way的定语从句，省略了关系 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 词that/in which ⑩the longer.,the more是“he十比较级，he十比较级”结构，意为“越…，就 越…” Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided,but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. 虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。 There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity 有些国家采取干预措施，以保特自己母语的纯正，以捍卫其身份。 The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words 法国人专门有一个创造新词的官方组织，以避免外来词。 Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers,such as the Native American Navajo language,used only by the members of the tribe. 有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美洲土著纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。 Under this circumstance.it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject outside influences 在这种情况下，拒绝外来影响关系着母语的生存问题。 词句自测 ①oppose vf.反对，抵制；与…对垒 ②interventionn.干涉行为，干预 3 pure ad中.纯净的：完全的 mben.部落 ⑤reject ot.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages,there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。 English,especially,is based on a mix of Latin,Greek and Germanic languages. 尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语的混合体。 The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. 讲英语的群体毫不犹豫地将外来词吸收到自己的日常词汇中。 In fact.there have never been any formal academic restrictions on new borrowed words. 3 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限制。 词句自测 6 pessimistic a中.悲观的，悲观主义的 ①Germanic ad.日耳曼语的；德国的 .Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop,enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new- found ease. 外来词使语言得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效的语言，让他们能够以新发现的 轻松方式分享他们的经历。 .It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 词句自测 ⑧现在分词短语enabling作结果状语；which引导定语从句。 9 it is..that…是强调句型，在句中强调through those words。 According to the linguist Edward Sapir,"It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language” 语言学家爱德华萨不尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言…” For better or for worse,the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. 不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。 The more international and globalized the world becomes,the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures. 世界越是变得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会越共享更多语言特征。 词句自测 ②@linguist n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 2 tendency n趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 重点合作探究 ZHONG DIAN HE ZUO TAN.IU oppose以.反对，抵制；与…对垒（教材P25 亨学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 zxxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ppse.反对，抵 oper(eh)doing sth反对 副：与…对全 (某人)做某事 归纳拓展 s流.相 be opposed to doing反对…g 反的：对立的 与“对立 oppositionn.反对，反抗，敌对 情景助记 DMost of the students oppose having classes on Sunday. 大部分学生反对星期天上课。 2We oppose ourselves counting on a lucky chance. 我们反对单纯去碰运气。 3I am opposed to going shopping with others. 我反对与其他人一起外出购物。 4She miscalculated the level of opposition to her proposals. 她没想到她的建议会受到这样强烈的反对。 ☑即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DThe proposals have aroused the (oppose)of teachers. 2Many old men are opposed to (cut)down the 100-year-old tree for rebuilding a shopping center. 答案：①opposition②cutting (2)翻译 玛丽的妈妈极力反对她单独去那里。 答案：Mary's mother strongly opposed her going there alone. It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are 2 exchanged more conveniently and quickly.(P26) 也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 剖析 It is also through those words that是强调句型，强谓了状语through those words。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 基本 1+is+被强制部分+ha/who 结构 (强湖主语且指人时)+其他 特殊 t untik强询句型：iis/asnt 句式 +hal+其他 归纳拓展 句型 可强测句子的主语，宾语或状语 不能强调谓语 还可用一般疑何句或者特殊疑阿句 特点 去掉t is/was和bao后.剩余部分 结构完整，句念明确。若不完整， 则不是强叫句 DIt was the culture,rather than the language,that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment 是文化而不是语言，使他难以适应新的环境。 2It was John that/who I met in the library this morning. 今天上午我在图书馆里遇到的人是约瀚。 3It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 正是在我们回家的时候我才意识到，帮助处于困境中的人的感觉真好。 4Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才完全得到认可。 ☑即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 ①It was for this reason he decided to choose the task and finish it on his own. ②It was her friend Mary came across in the bookstore yesterday. ③ was not until the train pulled into the station that he found that his suitcase was gone 答案：①that②who/that③t (2)完成句子 ①我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。 I wonder told Jim the news. ②直到我和他讲话，他才注意到我。 I spoke to him that he noticed me 答案：①who it was that②It was not until 3 tendency m.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好（教材P26 6 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 a tendeney toftowards sth…的 倾向 趋势，趋向 h:ve a tendeney to do sth倾向于 做某事 归纳拓展 倾向，偏好 doah倾向于做某事，往 往会做某事 tend ri.rt. 倾向。趋于： tend toftowards sth顿向于某事 照料 tdo)b照顺某人 情景助记 0本书拉的有动药省 DShe has a strong natural tendency towards caution. 她天生非常小心谨慎。 2These plants have a tendency to grow in the more rural areas. 这些植物倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。 3The sort of music I listen to varies,but I tend to/towards our folk music. 我所听的音乐形形色色，但是我更倾向于我们的民族音乐。 4He is absent from the meeting,for he is tending to his sick father. 他缺席会议了，因为他在照顾生病的父亲。 ☑了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a growing (tend)for people to work at home instead of in the offices. 2People have a tendency (place)too much emphasis on what experts say 答案：①tendency②to place (2)完成句子 ①人们倾向于认为这个问题永远不会影响到他们。 that the problem will never affect them ②他们有一种炫耀的领向，几乎任何情况都要大肆渲染一番。 to dramatize almost every situation. 答案：①People tend to think②They have a tendency to show off 4 slpi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n.差错；纸条；滑跤（教材P27) slip down下滑 ,滑倒：滑落 ip into陷人，移进 溜：路人 lip away滑走 归纳拓展 p 差错；纸条：带跤 slipper n.拖鞋 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 情景助记 DHis grade has been slipping down because of being addicted to playing games. 因为沉迷于游戏，他的成绩一直在下降。 2Out of curiosity,he slipped into the apartment. 出于好奇，他溜进了公寓。 3Time is especially precious to me and I don't want to see it slip away 时间对我来说特别宝贵，我不想看到它溜走。 DI wrote it down on a slip of paper. 我把它记在一张纸条上。 5She spent the moming padding about the house in her slippers. 她一个早上都穿着拖鞋在房子里轻轻地走米走去。 ☑☑即景活用 ()单句语法填空 DWe cannot let this moment slip ②With slip he fell into the water. 3I have to come late,so I'll slip the room at the back ④The sun was slipping through the trees and it was time to go home. 答案：①away ②a③into④down (2)完成句子 那一天我什么事情也没做，就让日子白白溜过去了。 I let the day 答案：slip away without doing anything at all 课堂效果检测 KE TANG XIAO GUO JIAN CE 1根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1.Why are you so interested in playing (滑板)？ 答案：skateboard 2.There is a big dog tied to a (篱笆)outside the house. 答案：fence 8 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 3.Although he had only entered the (比赛)for fun,he won first prize. 答案：contest 4.I don't want to sound too 悲观的).but your father's illness is very serious. 答案：pessimistic 5.Rennie had eaten his supper in the (食堂) 答案：canteen 6.Many I have looked at language in this way. 答案：linguists 7.These shirts are 100%p cotton. 答案：pure 8.Many farmers o the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. 答案：opposed 9.The artwork i traditional culture and modern sculpture. 答案：integrates 10.I guess it must have s out of my pocket during the flight. 答案：slipped ‖.单句语法填空 1.I integrated your suggestion my plans and it improved them. 答案：into 2.Many local people oppose (change)the position of the child care center 答案：changing 3.1 (sincere)invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. 答案：sincerely 4.She had a tendency (talk)fast when she was nervous 答案：to talk 5.For most of our evolutionary history,our ancestors lived in (tribe). 答案：tribes 6.0na (pure)practical level,it is difficult to see how such proposals would work. 答案：purely 7.Greater goverment (intervent)in businesses would represent a step backwards 答案：intervention 8.I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage.but I (reject).