Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案word（外研版2019）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section Using language-Grammar Integrated skills No.1 Grammar被动语态（复习） 思维导图。 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 突出或强调动作的承受者时 被动语态的用法 由于某种理由（如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组织句子）时 被 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的特殊形式 态 主动形式表示被动意义 主动语态变成被动语态 课前自主预习 观察句子，总结规律 DHotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. 2They were put into prison because they had broken the law. 3Today,carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. 1I think the problem can be solved soon. 5English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. BCars will be sent abroad by sea. He said all the task had been finished by last week 8This kind of clothes washes easily and sells well. 我的发现 (1)①~⑦句中的被动语态结构分别是 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ 1 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ⑦ (2)以上句子中， 句是用主动形式表示被动意义。 答案：(I)①are booked②were put into③is celebrated④can be solved⑤are being broadcast 6will be sent ⑦had been finished(2)⑧ 精讲课时语法 (一)被动语态的用法 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。一般来说， 只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态，不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。 1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The cup with mixture was broken after class. 那个装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者时，如果需要突出动作的执行者，用by的短语表示。 The novel was written by a high school student. 这部小说是由一个高中生写的。 3.由于某种理由（如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组织句子）时。 Everyone is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 名师点津 被动语态小口诀： 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 心趁热打铁1 单句表达 ①领导给了我一次机会。 1 by my leader. ②我的建议被拒绝了。 My suggestion ③希望所有人都按时参加会议。 2 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Everyone attend the meeting on time. 答案：①was offered a chance②was tumed down③is expected to (二)各种时态的被动语态 时态名称 被动语态形式 一般现在时 amis/are十过去分词 一般过去时 was/were十过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall-+be十过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are十being十过去分词 过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词 将米进行时 wil十be十being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has-+been+过去分词 过去完成时 had+been十过去分词 过去将来时 would+be+过去分词 The meeting will be held at 8:00 am tomorrow. 会议将于明天上午8点举行。 The plan is being carried out successfully. 这项计划正在被顺利地实施。 The experiment will be being done here at this time next Monday 下周一的这个时候，这里将正在进行此项实验。 They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan. 在执行计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。 心趁热打铁2 单句表达 ①老师告诉我们第二天有一个新实验要做。 The teacher told us that a new experiment the next day ②我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 When we got there the work 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ③学生们一直在努力学习，他们的努力最终会得到成功的回报。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with success in the end ④放学后，我们去阅读室阅读，却被告知它正在装修。 After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that it 答、：①would be performed②had been finished③will be rewarded④was being decorated (三)被动语态的特殊形式 1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词十be十过去分词”。 She should be taught how to operate the computer. 应该教她如何操作电脑。 2.“gt十过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那个男孩骑车上学时受伤了。 3.动词不定式的被动语态 (I)一般式to be done:表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之后发生或与其同时发生。 The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。 (2)完成式to have been dones:表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 She claims to have been unfairly dismissed. 她声称遭到无理解雇。 心趁热打铁3 单句表达 ①所有信件均应立刻回复。 All the letters immediately ②必须马上做手术。 The operation at once. ③没有人在这次事故中受伤。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Nobody in the accident. ④目前一个潜在的危机好像已被避免了。 For the moment,a potential crisis appears 答案：①should be answered②must be done③got hurt/injured④to have been avoided (四)主动形式表示被动意义 l.动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,tum.fall,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时，后跟名词 或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表示被动意义。 The building looks very beautiful. 这栋建筑看上去很美。 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,.finish,open,stop,move等，用主动形式表示被动 意义。 The shop opens at 8:00 in the morning every day. 商店每天上午八点开始营业。 3.表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The new book of the young writer sells well. 这位年轻作家的新书卖得很好。 4.be worth后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表示被动意义：need,wanl,require等词表示“需 要…”，且物作主语时，后接doing,用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done。 The movie is worth seeing 这部影片值得一看。 The rumour needs clarifying/to be clarified 谣言需要澄清。 5.be to blame或be to let(待出租)也是主动形式表示被动意义。 He is to blame for the broken window. 打破窗户是他的责任。 6.在“b心十形容词十todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of water isn't fit to drink. 这种水不适合饮用。 7.动词不定式在名词或代词后作定语或宾语补足语，不定式和名词或代词之间有动宾关系， 5 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 I'll give you something to read. 我会给你一些东西读。 心趁热打铁4 ()单句语法填空 DI have a lot of readings (complete)before the end of this term. 2In many people's opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant (deal) with ③With so much work (do).I have no time to go to the cinema ④The problem is worth (discuss)again. ⑤The soup (taste)a little sour and a little sweet. 答案：①to complete②to deal③todo④discussing ⑤tastes (2)单句表达 ①那位司机应对此事故负责。 That driver for the accident. ②这座房子需要修理。 The house needs ③他不易相处。 He isn't easy ④这种布很好洗。 The cloth ⑤这种材料摸起来很软。 The material 答案：①was to blame②repairing/to be repaired③to get along with④washes easily ⑤ feels very soft (五)主动语态变成被动语态 1将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“b爬十及物动词的过去分词”，并 通过be的变化米体现不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者（有时by 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 短语可以省略) The teacher asked him to answer the question. 老师让他回答问题。（变成被动语态） -He was asked to answer the question by the teacher. 2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将助动词置于主语之前：其否定句是在助动词后加ot:其特殊疑 问句的语序为“疑问词十一般疑问句”。 Where did they grow vegetables? 他们在哪里种菜？（变成被动语态） -Where were vegetables grown by them? 3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 一是将间接宾语（人）变为主语，直接宾语（物保持不变： 二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 He told us a story 他给我们讲了一个故事。（变成被动语态） -We were told a story by him. =A story was told to us by him Her mother bought her a computer. 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。（变成被动语态） -She was bought a computer by her mother. =A computer was bought for her by her mother. 4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后 的介词或副词不能省去。 She will take good care of the children. 她会照顾好这些孩子。（变成被动语态） -The children will be taken good care of by her. 心趁热打铁5 将下列句子改为被动句 DThey kept us waiting for a long time. 7 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 2 The news of his sudden success shocked us all. 3We expect you to finish the work in time. His father bought a birthday present for him last week → 5The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome 答案：①Ne were kept waiting for a long time by them.②We were all shocked by the news of his sudden success.3You are expected to finish the work in time. 4He was bought a birthday present by his father last week/A birthday present was bought for him by his father last week.5 The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children./A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the children. 词汇探究 cooperate.合作，协作（教材P24) cooperate r. 合作，协作 mooperate with sb与某人合作 归纳拓展 cooperation in cooperation with与…合作 情景助记 DI was struck by his inspiring words.and I decided to cooperate with him. 我被他鼓舞人心的话语打动并且决定和他合作。 8 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 2The company produces computers in cooperation with a German firm. 这家公司和德国一家公司合作生产电脑。 ⊙即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DThey discussed how to promote (cooperate)between the two countries. 2Mr White had promised to cooperate us,but he changed his mind at the last minute. 答案：①cooperation②with (2)单句表达 ①参加课外活动让我们学会了与同学进行协商与合作。 Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn to negotiate and ②我们和其他学校的学生合作制作机器人，不仅获得了知识，还收获了友谊。 We worked gaining not only knowledge but also friendship. 答案：①cooperate with fellow students 2in cooperation with the students from other schools 裸堂效果检测 丨，根据语境及首字母提示完成句子 1.Many new words and p have been included in the revised edition. 答案：phrases 2.Thef they are offering bears no relation to the amount of work involved. 答案：fee 3.Mary is very considerate towards her colleagues in the company.so they are willing to with her. 答案：cooperate 4.The old couple i their life savings in their daughter's business. 答案：invested 5.The manager put all his time and e into the business. 答案：efforts 9 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 川，单句语法填空 1.The winner is passing the money to a selection of her favourite charities. 答案：on 2.Visitors (request)not to touch the exhibits. 答案：are requested 3.According to the record,the Zhaozhou Bridge (build)in the Sui Dynasty. 答案：was built 4.She told me she (dismiss)by her boss. 答案：had been dismissed 5.The book is said to (translate)into many languages in the last decade. 答案：have been translated 6.These problems should (solve)step by step. 答案：be solved 7.Miguel was determined to stick his decision. 答案：to 8.She called us that she would (delay)and would arrive in two hours. 答案：be delayed 9.She was partly (blame)for failing to look as she crossed the road 答案：to blame 10.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need (improve). 答案：improving/to be improved 单句表达 1.当去除食物中的脂防与盐时，食物尝起来好像少了点什么。 When fat and salt from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something 答案：are removed 2.她为什么不坚持以舞蹈为职业呢？ Why didn't she as a career? 答案：stick to dancing 10