Unit 10 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案word（北师大版2019）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section I Topic Talk Lesson 1 课前预可自检 KE QIAN YU XI ZI JIAN 温馨提示：这里不是单纯地提供查寻便利，也不是简单地答疑解惑，而是坚持尝试将英语译 成汉语，再将汉语译回英语，仔细揣摩英汉位置的差异，最终提高英语语言的输出能力。尝 试并坚持，终将受益。 息原文与直译 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? 我们之间的联系有多紧密？ Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people,and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. 研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5 到10个亲近的人身上。 However,perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think 不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。 "Six Degrees of Separation"refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. “六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可以通过不超过另外五个人与其他任何一个人联系 起来。 词句自测 ①theory n.学说，理论 ②chain n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条 ③“主(Research)谓(shows)(the average person..closest to us)”。the average person.…fifteen people是省略了that的宾语从句：that most of.…ten people是that引导的宾语从句，that不可 省略；who are closest to us是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。 The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. 这个概念最早在20世纪20年代就被提出。 .The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929. in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 匈牙利作家弗里吉斯考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，在书中他介绍了朋友关 系网的概念，他的观点对许多早期社交网络的构想都产生了影响。 词句自测 ④impression n.印象，感想 ⑤networ止n人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 ©“主(The Hungarian author)谓(published)宾(a book)”。called Everything Is Different in 1929 是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a book,in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks是 “介词十which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a book。 In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically,but after twenty years,they still had not had any success. 20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。 In 1967.an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory.which he called the "small-world problem" 1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利米尔格拉姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小 世界问题”。 He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts 他在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。 The people sending the packages only knew the name.job and general location of the stranger 这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。 词句自测 ⑦sociologist n,社会学家 ⑧random ad.随机的，随意的 Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger. 米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给他们认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。 .Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹可以被亲自送到目标收件 人手中。 Amazingly,it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发 表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 It was this research that inspired the phrase "Six Degrees of Separation". 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 词句自测 ⑨parceln.包裹：邮包 ⑩release ot&n.发表，发布；释放 ①bimonthly ad.两月一次的；一月两次的 ②“状语从句(Once the parcel had been received by this person)+主句he/she would send.,he correct person)”。once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”；主句中untl又引导时间状语从句 ,意为“直到”。 In the last few decades,the theory and the phrase have appeared again. 在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。 Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. 它的名字被用作戏剧标趣和电影名称。 Then,more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. 随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。 For example,the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of "Six Degrees of Separation" 例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。 The lives of all the characters were closely connected,although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. 影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。 词句自测 3 phrasen成语，习语；警句 .The television series Lost also explored the idea of"Six Degrees of Separation",as almost all the characters had randomly met each other,or had met someone the other characters knew.before they were all in the same plane crash. 电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，因为剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前 都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。 In the mid-1990s,two college students in the United States invented a game. 上世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。 3 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon,a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links. 这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与美国著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系 起米。 Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. 这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。 词句自测 ④“主句(The television.‘Six Degrees of Separation')+从句(as almost all…same plane crash)”。as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”：从句中before引导时间状语从句。 In 2003.Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet. 2003年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格拉姆的实验。 This became known as the "Columbia Small-world Project" 这被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。 .The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries 这项实验涉及24,163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个不同国家的18个目标人物。 The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six. 实验结果证实，联络串上的联结平均数量是6个。 词句自测 “主(The experiment)i谓involved)宾(24,163 email chains)”。with I8 target people in 1.3 different countries作状语。 'Most recently,an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages.or five degrees of separation. 最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了721亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发 现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段或五度分隔，就可以建立联系。 So,think about it for a minute:How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels? 所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的 联系？ 词句自测 ⑥“主(an experiment)谓(analysed宾(the relationship)”。in201 I at the University of Milan和 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 between72 I million social media users都是介词短语作后置定语，分别修饰experiment和 relationship:found和analysed并列作谓语，that引导宾语从句。 重点合作探究 ZHONG DIAN HE ZUO TAN JIU 1 conflict n.抵触，冲突，矛盾（教材P6 come into confliet with 和…冲炎（动作） e）in confliet with m.抵蝕。冲 和…冲突《状态) 归纳拓展 突。矛后 conflict between...and confliet …和…，之间的神突 压.冲突，抵触 conflict with 与…发生冲突 情景助记 DIt is reported that some workers on strike come into conflict with the police. 据报道，一些罢工工人与警察发生了冲突。 2She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。 3If your schedule conflicts with life's schedule,life will win out. 如果你的时间表与生活的时间表冲突，生活将胜出。 ☑即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DTheir opinion on the accident conflicted ours. ②It is a statement conflict with other evidence. 答案：①with②n (2)单句表达 ①近年来，教师和学生之间的冲突在全国各地时有报道。 In recent years. all over the country have been reported from time to time. ②当蒂类尼发现我散布了那个关于她的温言时，我和她发生了冲突。 5 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Tiffany when she found out that I had started that rumor about her 答案：①the conflict between teachers and students 2came into conflict with 2 disagreement n.意见不合，分歧，争论（教材P6 在某事上的分歧 disagreement n. in disagreement with/disagreement 意见不合分 between...and... 歧，争论 与…不一致/有分技 isge单ith(doing)sth不赞成 (做】某事：反对（做）某事 歧，意见不合： 归纳拓展 不 致：不通 disagre with sb(尤指食物）对 宜。使…不 (某人)不适宜：使不舒服 舒服 gree to do对h同意做某事 agree with小同意（某人的观 点)：和某人（的观点）一到 （反aee 同意，赞成： rrn就…取得一致意见 承认 geo同意.赞成（提议、计 划、办法、安排等) DNow that we have no disagreement on the plan,let's bring the discussion to an end. 既然我们对这个计划没有意见了，就到此为止吧。 2I am a hundred percent in disagreement with you 我百分之一百不同意你。 3The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice. 这一对比表明理论和实践之间有相当大的出入。 4We disagree with every point she makes 我们不同意她提出的任何观点。 5I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval 没有合伙人的认可，我什么也不能答应。 ☑了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DThere were disagreements among doctors the best way to treat the disease. ②We agree (meet)at the entrance to the school at 8:00 am 3Although these ideas are great and encourage people to think.I personally disagree them 答案：①about/on/over②to meet③with (2)单句表达 ①我同意你的看法，我们必须非常小心，不要混淆它们。 6 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 that we must be very careful not to confuse them. ②如今，学生经常发现自己与更有思想的老师意见不一致。 Nowadays,students often find themselves their more minded teachers 答案：①agree with you ②in disagreement with 3 envy vt..羡慕，妒忌（教材PO vyhh炉忌/溪 某人某事 成.美幕」 envy sb doing sth炉忌/ 归纳拓展 炉忌 美慕某人做某事 2w1 the envy of sh/sth令人美 慕（或忌妒）的人物 ataf"vy出于忌炉 DIt's useless envying others their success. It's time you worked hard 妒忌别人的成功是没有用的。你该努力工作了。 2The television is the envy of the world. 该电视节目令世人羡慕。 3His attitudes toward her were out of envy. 他对她的态度是因为忌妒。 了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DWe thought he said such things of envy ②I envy you (have)such a close family 答案：①out②having (2)同义句转换 We all envy you your good health →Ne all envy you →Your good health all 答案：having good health,is the envy of us 4 encouragement n.鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物教材P6 encouragement to sh 对某人的鼓励 encouragement n.鼓励 grment to do 做舞：起微励作用的 事物 由做某事的鼓励 encourage sb to do sth 归纳拓展 鼓励某人做某事 ncue.局 encourage sb in 激励：支持 在…方面放励某人 被…所斯 encouraging ad.效舞人心的 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 情景助记 DHis encouragement to me determined me to carry on the work 他对我的鼓励使我决心把这项工作继续下去。 2We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the project. 我们希望鼓励学生充分参与该项目的运作。 3She has been encouraged by the unwavering support of her family. 她家人坚定的支持鼓舞着她。 4His encouraging speech always inspired us to be ready to fight with all kinds of hardships 他鼓舞人心的讲话总是激励我们随时准备与各种困难作斗争。 ☑即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DAt the end of the meeting.our headmaster encouraged all of us (go)to college. 2We should give the disabled (encourage)to live as rich and full a life as we do 3The story about the blind is so (encourage)that I try to read it without a second thought. 答案：①tog0 ②encouragement③encouraging (2)单句表达 ①在父母的鼓舞下，我下定决心更加努力学习。 I made up my mind to study harder ②你应该鼓励她努力成为一名医生，而不是对此持否定态度。 You should instead of being so negative about it. 答案：①Encouraged by my parents 2encourage her in her attempts to become a doctor 5 hang out闲待，厮混（教材P107) hang out/about/around闲待，斯厮混 归纳拓展 hang相 hagn坚持：不挂斯：屋住不放 关语 hag咖o抓紧：保留，不卖掉，不放弃 hang up (on挂（某人的）电话 DThe principal wamed the students not to hang out/about/around the comner grocery store after school. 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 校长提醒学生放学后不要在街角的杂货铺里闲逛。 2It's hard work,but if you hang on,you are sure to succeed in the end. 工作是艰苦的，但只要坚持下去，最终你会成功的。 3Hang on to your present job until you can get another. 在没有找到新工作之前不要放弃目前的工作。 了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DIt's nearly 8 o'clock,I must hang and get down to work,my boss should be here at any moment ②She hang to win the gold medal in the final match. 3We should set aside some time energy every week to hang with friends and have a proper conversation. 答案：①up②on③out/about/around (2)单句表达 ①板紧那根绳子，不要松手！ and don't let it go! ②我还没有机会向她道歉，她就把电话挂了。 I didn't have a chance to apologise before she 答案：①Hang on to that rope②hung up on me 6 disturbvt.干扰，打扰，使中断（教材P107) e disturbed by为…一感到不安： 波……打扰 dish小t.干扰】 It disturbs sh to do sth做某事使 归纳拓展 打扰。使中断 某人不安因 isturhed a感到不安的：心烦意乱的 dis如rbing a或.令人不安的，引起烦恼的 情景助记 DI was rather disturbed by the way she educated her children. 我对她教育孩子的方式感到十分不安。 2It disturbed her to realize that she was alone. 9 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2XXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。 3The newspaper has uncovered some disturbing facts 报纸揭发了一些令人不安的真相。 ☑了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DPeople were astonished to find that some species were going distinct,which was a (disturb)trend. ②The little baby,.if (disturb)by other people,will wake up and cry. ③Doctors were (disturb)that less than 30 percent of the patients were women. 答案：①disturbing (2disturbed (3disturbed (2)单句表达 汤姆因受伤而心烦意乱。 Tom his injury. 答案：was disturbed by 7 apologise以.道款，谢罪（教材PI07) apologiseri apologise to sb for(doing)sth 道就，谢罪 因（数）某事向某人道敢 make an apology to sb for sth 归纳拓展 因某事向某人道就 aceept/refuse one's apology apology n. 接受拒绝某人的道款 道就 owe sh an apolo四 应向某人道献 1'm so sorry. 情景助记 DYesterday I apologised to people present for my being late. 昨天我因为迟到向在场的人道歉。 2Please accept my apology for the inconvenience this matter has given you. 对于此事给您带来的不便，请接受我的歉意。 3I owe you an apology for the damage I have done to your flat. 我损坏了你的公寓，应该向你道歉。 了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 10