精品解析：广东省佛山市第三中学2024-2025学年高一下学期3月第一次月考英语试题

佛山三中2024-2025学年上学期第1次教学质量检测试卷 高一英语 本试卷共12页, 满分150分 考试时间120分钟. 注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生务必清楚地将自己的姓名、考号填写在规定的位置。 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用黑色墨水签字笔或钢笔作答, 字体工整, 笔迹清楚。 3. 考生必须在答题卡各题目的规定答题区域内答题, 超出答题区域范围书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 4. 保持答题卡清洁、完整, 不得折叠。严禁在答题卡上做任何标记, 严禁使用涂改液和修正带。 第一部分听力（共两节, 满分20分） 第一节 听力理解（共6小题, 每小题2分, 满分12分） 材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题, 各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题, 在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段材料, 回答第 1—3题。材料和问题读两遍。 1. A. Improving his writing. B. Signing up with a website. C. Talking with others online. 2. A. Cautious B. Strict. C. Hard-working. 3. A. Classmates. B. Mother and son. C. Brother and sister. 听第二段材料, 回答第4-6题。材料和问题读两遍。 4. A. One's talent. B. A right profession. C. Hard work. 5. A. To make use of time. B. To have a good sleep. C. To make her mother happy. 6. A. She makes sure Eileen has enough rest. B. She teaches Eileen to believe in herself. C. She runs 10 miles every day with Eileen. 第二节 回答问题（共4小题, 每小题2分, 满分8分） 听下面一段材料, 然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍。 7. _____________________ 8. _____________________ 9. _____________________ 10. _____________________ 第二部分阅读（共三节, 满分40分） 第一节阅读理解（共10小题; 每小题2分, 满分20分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Gitanjali Rao, Colorado teenager who invented mobile device to test for lead (铅) in drinking water, was Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award on Thursday, citing Rao’s ability to apply scientific ideas to real world problems and her desire to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. It was just the latest recognition for Rao, 15, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, by creating a device named Tehys, using carbon nanotube sensors to detect (探测) lead in water. The Lone Tree, Colo., native was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market. More recently, Rao has developed a phone and Web tool named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying (网络欺凌). “You type in a word or phrase, and it’s able to pick it up if it’s bullying, and it gives you the choice to edit it or send it the way it is,” Rao told Time. “The goal is not to punish people. As a teenager I know teenagers tend to become very angry sometimes. Instead, it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.” Rao was chosen in part because of the way she has followed up her technical work with efforts to get other young people to work on solving the problems they see. “I don’t look like your typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older, usually white man as a scientist,” she told Time. “My goal has really shifted, not only from creating my own devices to solve the world’s problems, but inspiring others to do the same as well. So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.” 1. What made Gitaniali Rao Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020? A. Her invention of a tool to test for lead in water. B. Her unique experience of winning many awards. C. Her efforts to make scientific devices commercial. D. Her excellent ability and passion to inspire other kids. 2. What is the function of Rao’s Web tool “Kindly”? A. To ensure the security of the network. B. To punish teenagers’ wrong thoughts. C. To use artificial intelligence technology. D. To type a word or phrase on the Internet. 3. Why did Rao say “anyone can do it” in the last paragraph? A A white man can work as a scientist. B. We ought to set a goal at an early age. C. We are supposed to inspire others to do the same. D. Everybody may succeed in solving world’s problems. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Gitanjali Rao的发明成就及激励他人的事迹。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The magazine announced the award on Thursday, citing Rao’s ability to apply scientific ideas to real world problems and her desire to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. (该杂志于周四宣布了这一奖项，理由是Rao将科学理念应用于现实世界问题的能力以及她激励其他孩子投身自己事业的愿望。)”可知，Gitanjali Rao被评为2020年《时代》周刊年度儿童是因为她出色的能力和激励其他孩子的热情。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“More recently, Rao has developed a phone and Web tool named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying (网络欺凌). (最近，Rao开发了一个名为Kindly的电话和网络工具，它使用人工智能技术来检测网络欺凌的早期迹象。)”可知，Kindly可用于检测网络欺凌的早期迹象，确保网络的安全。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“My goal has really shifted, not only from creating my own devices to solve the world’s problems, but inspiring others to do the same as well. So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it. (我的目标真的转变了，不仅是从创造自己的设备来解决世界问题，而且激励其他人也这样做。所以我真的想传达这样的信息：如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。)”可知，Rao在最后一段说“任何人都能做到”是因为她认为每个人都可以在解决世界问题方面取得成功。故选D。 B For someone trapped in the debris (废墟) after an earthquake, a rat (老鼠)might be an unwelcome sight. But one scientist has been training rats to act as first responders, equipping them with backpacks and tiny microphones so that they can lead humans to earthquake survivors (幸存者). Dr. Donna Kean was once interested in big animals, but her-attention to rats grew when she saw how quickly rats could learn and how well they could be trained. “Rats have a similar sense of smell to dogs, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “They also, aren’t tied to just one trainer, which is what you find with dogs. And their size is useful-because they are able to get into small spaces that dogs are just unable to get into.” They carry tiny bags with microphones in them and are being sent to the debris to find and come into contact with survivors. “There can be sounds coming from the bag that may say something like, ‘I am a rescue rat; I’m here to help you,’” Kean said, “which can be very helpful to those who are scared of the rat.” The rats have yet to face a real-life disaster but they will soon be sent to Turkey to work with the country’s search and rescue teams. At the moment, the rats are learning to make progress. The rats first start their training in a small empty room. And then they move on to increasingly challenging situations until they come close to the debris. That’s where they find the survivors and the chance to talk to them. The rats are the real focus now. They are so good at moving through all kinds of different environments, which just shows how suitable they are for search and rescue work. The work could save the lives of survivors, as well as rescuers, because it will give rescuers a better idea of where survivors are located before they enter the dangerous places. These little rats are on their way to making a big difference now. 4. What is the advantage of rats over dogs in rescue work? A Their team spirit. B. Their small size. C. Their good sense of smell. D. Their strong strength. 5. What’s the purpose of rats’ carrying a backpack? A. To control the rats’ behavior in the task. B. To lead the rats to the survivors directly. C. To contact the survivors in an effective way. D. To provide food and water for the survivors. 6. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The reasons for training rescue rats. B. The cooperation between rats and rescuers. C. The process of training rats for rescue work. D. The good performance of the rats in rescue work. 7. What does the author think of rats’ role in the rescue work? A. Optimistic. B. Cautious. C. Uncertain. D. Disapproving. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家训练老鼠作为地震救援的第一响应者，阐述了老鼠在救援中的优势、训练过程等，认为它们有望在救援中发挥重要作用。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“And their size is useful because they are able to get into small spaces that dogs are just unable to get into.(它们的体型很有用，因为它们能够进入狗无法进入的狭小空间)”可知，在救援工作中，老鼠相对于狗的优势是它们体型小。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They carry tiny bags with microphones in them and are being sent to the debris to find and come into contact with survivors.(它们背着装有麦克风的小袋子，被派往废墟中寻找并与幸存者取得联系)”可知，老鼠携带背包的目的是与幸存者进行有效的联系。故选C项。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“At the moment, the rats are learning to make progress. The rats first start their training in a small empty room. And then they move on to increasingly challenging situations until they come close to the debris. That’s where they find the survivors and the chance to talk to them.(目前，老鼠们正在学习如何取得进展。老鼠首先在一个小的空房间里开始训练。然后它们会进入越来越有挑战性的环境，直到接近废墟。在那里它们能找到幸存者并有机会与他们交流)”可知，该段主要讲述了训练老鼠进行救援工作的过程。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The work could save the lives of survivors, as well as rescuers, because it will give rescuers a better idea of where survivors are located before they enter the dangerous places. These little rats are on their way to making a big difference now.(这项工作可以拯救幸存者和救援人员的生命，因为它会让救援人员在进入危险区域之前更好地了解幸存者的位置。这些小老鼠即将发挥巨大的作用)”可推断，作者对老鼠在救援工作中的作用持积极态度。故选A项。 C An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities, researchers found in a primary study. Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures (手势). Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes (电极). This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems avoiding the use of surgeries,” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool, also known as a language model, to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages. The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers. In these databases, participants listened to various stories and sentences, while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) (脑磁图). Then with the help of a computational method that helps explain physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode (解码) what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as matching to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities. Using MEG, the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses, the researchers found. “The new study is the decoding of speech recognition, not production,” King agrees. “Though speech production is the final goal, for now, we’re quite a long way away.” 8. Whom might the AI benefit? A. People unable to read. B. People who are unconscious. C. People who can’t move around. D. People unable to communicate normally. 9. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The purpose of the AI. B. The significance of the AI. C. The advantage of the AI. D. The working principle of the AI. 10. What is the best title for the text? A. A New Way to Decode Speech B. The Employment of MEG Technology C. An Advance in Artificial Intelligence D. A Solution to Communication Problems 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种通过AI技术解码语言的新方式。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures (手势).(这种人工智能由Facebook的母公司Meta开发，最终可用于帮助全球成千上万无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人)”可知，这项人工智能技术对不能正常沟通交流的人有帮助。故选D。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Then with the help of a computational method that helps explain physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode (解码) what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as matching to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities.(然后，在一种有助于解释实际大脑之间物理差异的计算方法的帮助下，研究小组试图通过每个人三秒钟的大脑活动数据来解码参与者所听到的内容。该团队指示人工智能将故事录音中的语音与人工智能计算出的与人们听到的内容相匹配的大脑活动模式相匹配。然后，它根据1000多种可能性，预测这个人在短时间内可能听到的内容)”可知，该段主要讲述了这项人工智能技术的工作原理。故选D。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy.(人工智能可以以惊人的准确度从大脑活动中解码单词和句子)”及下文讲解这项AI技术的开发及工作原理等可知，本文介绍了一种通过AI技术解码语言的新方式，A选项“语音解码的新方法”为本文最佳标题。故选A。 第二节 语句排序（共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分） 11. 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序, 构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。 A. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures. B. Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us, fear it. However, without failure, success would be almost impossible. C. Later, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products. D. In fact, Apple, one of the world’s most successful companies, is the best example of illustrating (阐释) this point. One of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. E The story of the Apple Newton can teach us important lessons about failure. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other. ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → _______ 【答案】 ①. B ②. D ③. A ④. C ⑤. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过苹果公司的失败案例说明了失败与成功的关系。 【详解】1.第一句引出文章关于“失败”的主旨，B选项“失败：我们都避免失败，而且大多数人都害怕失败。然而，没有失败，成功几乎是不可能的”排序第一； 2.第二句通过苹果公司是阐释失败与成功关系的最佳例子，且提到公司的一次著名失败最终变成了巨大成功，这与 B 段中关于失败和成功的观点相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用，故紧跟 B 段。D选项“事实上，苹果公司，世界上最成功的公司之一，是说明这一点的最好的例子。商业世界最著名的失败之一最终成为最大的成功之一，部分原因是该产品的制造商从错误中吸取了教训”排序第二； 3.第三句详细介绍了苹果公司的产品 Apple Newton，包括它的特点、存在的问题以及最终成为失败产品的结果，进一步对 D 段中提到的苹果公司的失败案例进行了具体说明，所以排在 D 段之后。A选项“20世纪90年代初，苹果公司推出了一款名为Apple Newton的手持设备。这种产品虽然在当时是独一无二的，但既昂贵又笨重；此外，它的一些最重要的功能不能正常工作。结果，它成了苹果最大的失败之一”排序第三； 4.第四句讲述了 Apple Newton 停止销售后，苹果公司 CEO 认为其有潜力并进行改进，最终创造出了 iPhone 和 iPad 这两款成功产品，承接了 A 段中关于 Apple Newton 的内容，展示了从失败到成功的转变过程，因此排在 A 段之后。C选项“后来，该公司停止销售。然而，苹果公司的首席执行官相信这款产品有潜力，他开始探索改进它的方法。随着时间的推移，这导致了iPhone和iPad的诞生，这是苹果公司最成功的两款产品”排序第四； 5.第五句对 Apple Newton 的故事进行了总结，得出了失败和成功是同一枚硬币的两面，彼此不可或缺的重要教训，起到了总结全文的作用，所以放在最后。故E选项“Apple Newton的故事可以教给我们关于失败的重要教训。也许最重要的教训是，失败和成功是同一枚硬币的两面。一个人真的不能离开另一个人而存在”排序第五。 第三节选句填空（共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____12____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____13____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___14___ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____15____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. ___16___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【答案】12. F 13. C 14. A 15. E 16. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关． 【12题详解】 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。 【13题详解】 根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。 【14题详解】 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。 【15题详解】 根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。 【16题详解】 根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。 第三部分综合应用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Lauren Schroeder was volunteering at a community food bank at age 14. As she filled bags with ____17____ groceries, she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything ____18____ and healthy to give to families in need. Inspired to make a ____19____, she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm, so that people could get the ____20____ they needed. Although they were ____21____, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take. Still, the teenager was up for the ____22____. Lauren managed to receive a(n) ____23____ from a youth organization to pay for seeds and gardening ____24____. She did a lot of research online to find out what plants____25____ and what didn't, what needed shade, and which ones needed more water. Over the hot and dry summer, she _____26_____ her crops for weeds and watered them by hand every day. Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce that she then_____27_____ gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home. More _____28_____ than ever, she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and _____29_____ her vegetable selection. So far, she has spent over 1,000 hours working in her garden and donated 7,000 pounds of home-grown produce. “I love _____30_____,” said Lauren, now 17. “Many people help you out, but it makes more _____31_____ when you help other people out.” 17. A. preserved B. donated C. selected D. traded 18. A. necessary B. beautiful C. valuable D. fresh 19. A. change B. request C. choice D. profit 20. A. guidance B. information C. nutrition D. service 21. A. supportive B. doubtful C. protective D. mindful 22. A. competition B. performance C. assignment D. challenge 23. A. invitation B. fund C. opinion D. certificate 24. A. methods B. products C. supplies D. lessons 25. A. worked B. developed C. happened D. improved 26. A. arranged B. checked C. prepared D. exchanged 27. A. carefully B. secretly C. temporarily D. generously 28. A. amused B. relieved C. motivated D. exhausted 29. A. expanding B. assessing C. presenting D. defending 30. A. moving on B. weighing up C. showing off D. giving back 31. A. effort B. difference C. money D. progress 【答案】17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lauren Schroede在14岁时作为一名志愿者在社区食品银行的经历，以及她如何受到启发开始自己的菜园项目，为需要帮助的家庭提供新鲜健康的蔬菜。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她把捐赠的食品装进袋子时，她注意到有很多食物是罐装和盒装的，但她没有看到任何新鲜和健康的食物可以提供给有需要的家庭。A. preserved可保存的；B. donated捐赠的；C. selected挑选的；D. traded交易的。根据上文“As she filled bags with”以及“at a community food bank”可知，Lauren Schroeder是在社区食品银行做志愿者，为有需要的家庭分发食物，所以她装的这些食品应该是人们捐赠给食品银行的，故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第1题。A. necessary必要的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. valuable有价值的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything”可知，Lauren Schroeder 发现捐赠的食品中大多是罐装和盒装的，没有看到新鲜的食物，故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到启发要做出改变，她告诉父母她想在自家农场开辟一个菜园，这样人们就能得到他们所需的营养。A. change改变；B. request请求；C. choice选择；D. profit利润。根据下文“she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm”可知，Lauren Schroeder 告诉父母她想在自家农场开辟一个菜园，这是她受到启发后想要做出的改变，故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第3题。A. guidance指导；B. information信息；C. nutrition营养；D. service服务。根据上文“she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything…and healthy to give to families in need.”可知，Lauren Schroeder 注意到没有看到任何健康的食物可以提供给有需要的家庭，所以她想开辟一个菜园，种植一些新鲜健康的蔬菜，让人们得到所需的营养，故选C项。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们表示支持，但她的父母让她意识到这需要付出多少努力。A. supportive支持的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. protective保护的；D. mindful留心的。根据下文“her parents made her aware of how much work it would take”可知，她的父母让她意识到这需要付出多少努力，说明他们对她的想法是支持的，只是想让她知道其中的困难，故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这位少女还是准备迎接挑战。A. competition竞争；B. performance表现；C. assignment任务；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Although they were supportive, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take.”可知，她的父母虽然支持她的想法，但也让她意识到这需要付出很多努力，这对她来说是一个挑战，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lauren 设法获得了一个青年组织的资助，用于购买种子和园艺用品。A. invitation邀请；B. fund资金；C. opinion观点；D. certificate证书。根据下文“to pay for seeds and gardening”可知，Lauren 获得了一个青年组织的资助，用于购买种子和园艺用品，故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第7题。A. methods方法；B. products产品；C. supplies用品；D. lessons课程。根据上文“to pay for seeds and gardening”可知，Lauren 获得的资助是用于购买种子和园艺用品，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在网上做了很多研究，了解哪些植物有用，哪些没用，哪些需要遮荫，哪些需要更多的水。A. worked工作，起作用；B. developed发展；C. happened发生；D. improved改进。根据上文“She did a lot of research online”可知，Lauren 在网上做了很多研究，了解哪些植物适合种植，哪些不适合，work 在此处表示“起作用”，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个炎热干燥的夏天，她都会检查庄稼的草，每天用手浇水。A. arranged安排；B. checked检查；C. prepared准备；D. exchanged交换。根据下文“for weeds”可知，Lauren 整个夏天都都会检查庄稼的草，check for 意为“检查……是否有……”，故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的第一次收获结果是40磅的农产品，然后她慷慨地捐赠给了当地的食品银行、一个施食处和一个养老院。A. carefully仔细地；B. secretly秘密地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. generously慷慨地。根据下文“gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home”可知，Lauren 将40磅的农产品捐赠给了当地的食品银行、一个施食处和一个养老院，这说明她很慷慨，故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比以往任何时候都更有动力，她重新启动了她的项目，将她的菜园面积扩大了一倍，并增加了蔬菜的种类。A. amused愉快的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. motivated有动力的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and … her vegetable selection”可知，Lauren 重新启动了她的项目，将菜园面积扩大了一倍，并增加了蔬菜的种类，这说明她比以前更有动力了，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第12题。A. expanding扩大；B. assessing评估；C. presenting呈现；D. defending防守。根据上文“doubling the size of her garden”可知，Lauren 将她的菜园面积扩大了一倍，所以此处应该是增加了蔬菜的种类，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我喜欢回馈，”Lauren说，她现在17岁。“很多人帮助你，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响。”A. moving on继续前进；B. weighing up权衡；C. showing off炫耀；D. giving back回馈。根据下文“Many people help you out, but it makes more… when you help other people out.”可知，Lauren认为很多人帮助过她，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响，所以她喜欢回馈社会，故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第14题。A. effort努力；B. difference差异；C. money金钱；D. progress进步。根据上文“Many people help you out, but it makes more”可知，Lauren认为很多人帮助过她，但当你帮助别人时，会产生更大的影响，make a difference 意为“有影响”，故选B项。 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yibin City, in southwest China, has the largest bamboo forest in the world ___32___ (cover) 27 mountains and more than 500 peaks. Hundreds of millions of bamboo s form a “green sea” in the inland area. ___33___ (locate) in the subtropical monsoon (季风) climate area, the Bamboo Sea in south Sichuan, or Shunan Bamboo Sea, enjoys a sufficient rainfall all year round and has over 400 different kinds of bamboo species, among ___34___ Nan bamboo is the dominant one in the forest. Nan bamboo, also called tortoise shell bamboo, is the most useful with the greatest economic significance. The Nan bamboo shoots are ___35___ (taste). Young bamboos can be used ___36___ (make) paper, and after growing up, the bamboo culms (竹秆) and branches are good materials for furniture and other crafts. Its speed of ___37___ (grow) is faster than all the other bamboo species in Yibin. In Chinese culture, bamboo is one of ___38___ most common elements in art and literature. Especially for ancient artists, bamboo was praised in their paintings, calligraphy and poetry ___39___ a symbol of uprightness, modesty and loyalty. The magnificent bamboo forest in Yibin ___40___ (be) a popular tourist spot since ancient times. Besides bamboo, ____41____ (it) mountains and rivers, lakes, countless streams and ancient temples also make it a wonderful travel destination in China. 【答案】32. covering 33. Located 34. which 35. tasty 36. to make 37. growth 38. the 39. as 40. has been 41. its 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川宜宾市的竹海特色。 【32题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：宜宾市位于中国西南部，拥有世界上最大的竹林，覆盖27座山和500多座山峰。此处cover与forest构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填covering。 【33题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：川南竹海或称蜀南竹海，地处亚热带季风气候区，全年雨量充足，有400多种不同的竹种，其中以楠竹为主。短语be located in表示“位于”，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Located。 【34题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：川南竹海或称蜀南竹海，地处亚热带季风气候区，全年雨量充足，有400多种不同的竹种，其中以楠竹为主。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词400 different kinds of bamboo species，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：南竹笋很好吃。作表语，应用形容词tasty。故填tasty。 【36题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：竹苗可以用来造纸，长大后，竹竿和竹枝是制作家具和其他工艺品的好材料。短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。故填to make。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的生长速度比宜宾其他竹种都要快。作介词的宾语，可用名词growth。故填growth。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在中国文化中，竹子是艺术和文学中最常见的元素之一。most common为最高级，前面与定冠词连用。故填the。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：特别是对古代艺术家来说，竹子在他们的绘画、书法和诗歌中被称赞为正直、谦虚和忠诚的象征。短语be praised as表示“被称赞为……”。故填as。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：宜宾壮丽的竹林自古以来就是著名的旅游景点。根据后文since ancient times可知为现在完成时，主语为forest，助动词用has。故填has been。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：除了竹子，它的山川、湖泊、无数的溪流和古老的寺庙也使它成为中国一个奇妙的旅游目的地。修饰后文名词mountains and rivers, lakes, countless streams and ancient temples应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 第四部分 词汇基础（共20分） 第一节 词义匹配（共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分） 根据句子内容, 从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。 42. The news of the earthquake caused a great shock to the entire community. A. caused a lot of trouble B. produced a sense of calm C. made the community feel indifferent D. left the community deeply surprised 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：地震的消息给整个社区带来了巨大的震惊。A. caused a lot of trouble引起了很多麻烦；B. produced a sense of calm产生了一种平静的感觉；C. made the community feel indifferent使社区感到漠不关心；D. left the community deeply surprised使社区深感惊讶。caused a great shock意为“引起了巨大的震惊”，与D项意思接近。故选D。 43. Literature often serves as an escape for those who seek shelter from the tough realities of life. A. offers a way out B. makes a difference C. brings inspirations D. puts forward a solution 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：对于那些想躲避严酷现实生活的人来说，文学常常是一种逃避现实的方法。A. offers a way out提供了一种出路；B. makes a difference产生影响；C. brings inspirations带来灵感；D. puts forward a solution提出解决方案。由“for those who seek shelter from the tough realities of life”可知，句子表示“对于那些想躲避严酷现实生活的人来说，文学常常是一种逃避现实的方法”，serves as an escape的意思是“作为一种逃避现实的方法”，和offers a way out意思相近。故选A。 44. We didn’t realize the extent of the problem until it was too late to fix it easily. A. know how serious the problem was B. figure out the cause of the problem C. notice the problem for the first time D. see the problem from a different angle 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：当我们意识到问题的严重程度时，已经来不及轻易解决了。A. know how serious the problem was知道问题有多严重；B. figure out the cause of the problem找出问题的原因；C. notice the problem for the first time第一次注意到这个问题；D. see the problem from a different angle从不同的角度看问题。realize the extent of the problem意思为：认识到问题的严重程度，与A意思相近。故选A。 45. The sound of the doorbell interrupted our peaceful evening, signaling that we had unexpected visitors. A. extended our relaxing evening B. brightened our quiet evening C. paused our busy schedule D. disturbed our quiet time 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：门铃声打断了我们平静的夜晚，表明我们有不速之客。A. extended our relaxing evening延长了我们放松的夜晚；B. brightened our quiet evening照亮了我们安静的夜晚；C. paused our busy schedule暂停了我们忙碌的日程；D. disturbed our quiet time打扰了我们的安静时光。划线部分的意思为“打断了我们平静的夜晚”，表明门铃声对原本宁静的氛围，造成了干扰，与D选项的意思一致。故选D项。 46. The school is working to integrate technology into the classroom in a way that promotes learning. A. use technology to replace traditional teaching methods entirely B. separate technology from classroom activities to maintain focus C. combine technology with classroom activities D. limit the use of technology during class 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：学校正努力将技术融入课堂，以促进学习。A. use technology to replace traditional teaching methods entirely用技术完全取代传统的教学方法；B. separate technology from classroom activities to maintain focus将技术与课堂活动分开以保持专注；C. combine technology with classroom activities将技术与课堂活动结合起来；D. limit the use of technology during class限制在课堂上使用技术。integrate...into...“将……融入……，使……成为……的一部分”，所以integrate technology into the classroom表达的意思是“学校正努力将技术融入课堂，以促进学习”，也就是“将技术与课堂活动结合起来”，故用combine technology with classroom activities。故选C。 47. With the advance of technology, we now have access to information from all over the world. A. As a result of the decline of technology B. Despite the challenges of technology C. Due to the lack of progress in technology D. Because of the development of technology 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和介词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，我们现在可以获取来自世界各地的信息。A. As a result of the decline of technology由于技术的衰退；B. Despite the challenges of technology尽管技术有挑战；C. Due to the lack of progress in technology由于技术缺乏进展；D. Because of the development of technology由于技术的发展。根据句意以及下文的“we now have access to information from all over the world.”可知，现在之所以可以获取来自世界各地的信息是“由于技术的进步”，所以划线短语的意思应为“由于技术的进步”，与D选项的意义相近。故选D项。 48. The air pollution in the city is so severe that the government is taking measures to reduce it. A. is planning to act B. is conducting actions C. is ignoring the problem D. is considering the problem 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义。句意：这个城市的空气污染是如此严重，政府正在采取措施来减少它。A. is planning to act计划行动；B. is conducting actions采取行动；C. is ignoring the problem忽略这个问题；D. is considering the problem考虑这个问题。take measures表示“采取措施”，和B项同义，故选B。 49. Students organized a peaceful protest to express their concern about environmental issues. A. arranged an intense movement B. planned a nonviolent march C. hosted a heated debate D. held a silent strike 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：学生们组织了一次和平抗议，表达他们对环境问题的关注。A. arranged an intense movement安排一场激烈的运动；B. planned a nonviolent march策划了一场非暴力游行；C. hosted a heated debate主持了一场激烈的辩论；D. held a silent strike举行无声罢工。根据划线词词义可知，表示“组织一次和平抗议”与“策划了一场非暴力游行”意思相近，其中peaceful与nonviolent呼应，march可以是protest的一种形式，而strike是指“罢工”。故选B。 50. The scientist was on the edge of a major discovery that could change the field of medicine, which was really inspiring. A. had already made a groundbreaking finding B. was far away from finding anything significant C. was close to making an important breakthrough D. was just starting his experiment with clear direction 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位科学家即将做出一项可能改变医学领域的重大发现，这真的非常鼓舞人心。A. had already made a groundbreaking finding已经取得了突破性的发现；B. was far away from finding anything significant远未发现任何有意义的东西；C. was close to making an important breakthrough即将取得重要突破；D. was just starting his experiment with clear direction刚刚开始他的实验，方向明确。on the edge of“即将，濒临”，所以The scientist was on the edge of a major discovery表达的意思是“这位科学家即将做出一项重大发现”，也就是“即将取得重要突破”，故用was close to making an important breakthrough。故选C。 51. Success in life often requires a recipe of hard work, determination, and a bit of luck. A. a list of ingredients for cooking B. a single key to unlocking success C. a mix of qualities necessary for success D. a secret method kept hidden from others 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：人生的成功往往需要努力、决心和一点运气。A. a list of ingredients for cooking烹饪材料的清单；B. a single key to unlocking success打开成功之门的钥匙；C. a mix of qualities necessary for success成功所必需的综合素质；D. a secret method kept hidden from others不为人知的秘密方法。根据后文可知，划线部分与C选项意思接近，故选C。 第二节单词拼写（每空1分, 满分10分） 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 用单词的恰当形式填空, 并把完整单词填写在答题卷相应的位置上。 52. The campaign is intended to raise public_____________ (意识) of saving water. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】awareness 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这项运动旨在提高公众节约用水的意识。根据汉语提示“意识”可知，此处应填名词awareness，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。 53. It is an_____________(令人钦佩的) and wise decision that is worth being followed by all. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】admirable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个值得钦佩和明智的决定，值得所有人效仿。空处与wise并列，为形容词作定语，表示“令人钦佩的”为admirable。故填admirable。 54. We usually_____________ (提倡) quitting smoking in order to keep fit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】advocate 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：为了保持健康，我们通常提倡戒烟。根据句意和汉语提示应填advocate，根据句意用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填advocate。 55. We’ve done enough_____________ (损害), and now it is the time to do something to repair the earth. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】damage 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已经造成了足够的破坏，现在是时候做点什么来修复地球了。空处作动词的宾语，表示“损害”用damage，名词作宾语，此处为不可数名词。故填damage。 56. She was very _____________ (令人印象深刻的) in the interview. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】impressive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在面试中给人留下了深刻印象。空格处用形容词作表语，“令人印象深刻的”的形容词是impressive，故填impressive。 57. Medical experts warn high school students of the p_____________ health risks of lack of exercise. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】potential##otential 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：医学专家警告高中生，缺乏运动会带来潜在的健康风险。根据句意及首字母p可知，本空用形容词potential“潜在的”，作定语修饰health risks。故填potential。 58. After years of hard work, Sarah finally earned a good r_____________ as an committed employee in her company. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】reputation##eputation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过多年的努力工作，莎拉终于在公司里赢得了一个好名声，成为一名忠诚的员工。根据earned a good可知，空处表示“名声”用reputation作宾语。故填reputation。 59. Those travelers were t_____________ in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】trapped##rapped 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那些旅行者被困在山上，等待救援。根据in the mountains, waiting to be rescued可知，此处表示“被困的”，为形容词作表语，用trapped。故填trapped。 60. As a child, Tom often o_____________ the behavior of birds; he grew to be a nature lover from young. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】observes##bserves 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个孩子，汤姆经常观察鸟的行为；他从小就成为一个热爱大自然的人。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词observe，作谓语，结合上文often可知为一般现在时，主语为Tom，谓语用三单形式。故填observes。 61. He’s such a c_____________ boy, always asking questions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】curious##urious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是个很好奇的孩子，总是问问题。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词boy，跟后首字母c提示和空后always asking questions可知，curious好奇的，形容词，符合题意。故填curious。 第五部分 书面表达（共40分） 第一节完成句子（每小题3分, 满分15分） 根据前后文及所给中文在空格处用合适的英文完成句子。 62. __________________________ (尽管有巨大的风险) posed by the pandemic, the doctors stuck to their posts and made outstanding contributions to the society. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Despite the huge risks 【解析】 【详解】考查介词，形容词和名词。句意：面对疫情带来的巨大风险，医生们坚守岗位，为社会做出了突出贡献。“尽管”表达为介词despite，“巨大的风险”为名词短语the huge risks，作宾语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Despite the huge risks。 63. The lift __________________________ (停止运转), so we had to walk up the stairs. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】broke down 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：电梯坏了，我们只好走楼梯上楼。“停止运转”是固定短语break down，由had可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填broke down。 64. After hundreds of failed experiments, they __________________________ (偶遇一种有希望的化学品). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】came across a promising chemical 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和形容词、名词。句意：经过数百次失败的实验，他们偶遇一种有希望的化学品。表示“偶遇”用come across，表示“一种有希望的化学品”用a promising chemical，句子描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填came across a promising chemical。 65. The next year King __________________________ (获得诺贝尔奖). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】won the Nobel Prize 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语及时态。句意：第二年，金获得了诺贝尔奖。表示“获得”用win，根据时间状语The next year可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。表示“诺贝尔奖”the Nobel Prize，作won的宾语。故填won the Nobel Prize。 66. __________________________ (毫无疑问) that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】There is no doubt 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，他是20世纪最重要的人物之一。根据汉语提示“毫无疑问”可知，本空使用固定句型There is no doubt that...，其中that引导同位语从句，对doubt进行解释说明。句首单词首字母大写。故填There is no doubt。 第二节 应用文写作（满分25分） 67. 你校英语报正在举办以“当家中发生火灾时, 如何保护自己？”为主题的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 火灾危害； 2. 逃生建议； 3. 提出呼吁。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Protect Yourself When a Fire Breaks Out at Home ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 How to Protect Yourself When a Fire Breaks Out at Home A house fire can strike suddenly, endangering lives and destroying homes within minutes. Knowing how to respond is crucial for survival. Firstly, stay calm and prioritize escaping. Crawl low under smoke, covering your mouth with a wet cloth. Never use elevators — use stairs instead. Feel doors before opening them; if hot, don’t enter. Close doors behind you to slow fire spread. Regularly check smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. Create an escape plan and practice it. Educate family members about emergency exits and meeting points. Fires are merciless, but preparedness gives us power. Let’s turn awareness into action — because in a crisis, seconds save lives. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“当家中发生火灾时，如何保护自己？”为主题写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：crucial→vital 计划：plan→schedule 进入：enter→step into 无情：merciless→ruthless 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：A house fire can strike suddenly, endangering lives and destroying homes within minutes. 拓展句：A house fire can strike suddenly, which can endanger lives and destroy homes within minutes. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing how to respond is crucial for survival.(运用了动名词作主语) 【高分句型2】Let’s turn awareness into action — because in a crisis, seconds save lives.(运用了because引导原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 佛山三中2024-2025学年上学期第1次教学质量检测试卷 高一英语 本试卷共12页, 满分150分 考试时间120分钟. 注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生务必清楚地将自己的姓名、考号填写在规定的位置。 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用黑色墨水签字笔或钢笔作答, 字体工整, 笔迹清楚。 3. 考生必须在答题卡各题目的规定答题区域内答题, 超出答题区域范围书写的答案无效; 在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 4. 保持答题卡清洁、完整, 不得折叠。严禁在答题卡上做任何标记, 严禁使用涂改液和修正带。 第一部分听力（共两节, 满分20分） 第一节 听力理解（共6小题, 每小题2分, 满分12分） 材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有三个小题, 各段播放前有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题的问题, 在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段材料, 回答第 1—3题。材料和问题读两遍。 1. A. Improving his writing. B. Signing up with a website. C. Talking with others online. 2. A. Cautious B. Strict. C. Hard-working. 3. A. Classmates. B. Mother and son. C. Brother and sister. 听第二段材料, 回答第4-6题。材料和问题读两遍。 4. A. One's talent. B. A right profession. C. Hard work. 5. A. To make use of time. B. To have a good sleep. C. To make her mother happy. 6. A. She makes sure Eileen has enough rest. B. She teaches Eileen to believe in herself. C. She runs 10 miles every day with Eileen. 第二节 回答问题（共4小题, 每小题2分, 满分8分） 听下面一段材料, 然后回答问题。材料和问题读两遍。 7. _____________________ 8. _____________________ 9. _____________________ 10. _____________________ 第二部分阅读（共三节, 满分40分） 第一节阅读理解（共10小题; 每小题2分, 满分20分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Gitanjali Rao, Colorado teenager who invented mobile device to test for lead (铅) in drinking water, was Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020. The magazine announced the award on Thursday, citing Rao’s ability to apply scientific ideas to real world problems and her desire to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. It was just the latest recognition for Rao, 15, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. She won praise in 2017 after she responded to the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, by creating a device named Tehys, using carbon nanotube sensors to detect (探测) lead in water. The Lone Tree, Colo., native was named America’s Top Young Scientist when she was in the seventh grade. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market. More recently, Rao has developed a phone and Web tool named Kindly, which uses artificial intelligence technology to detect possible early signs of cyberbullying (网络欺凌). “You type in a word or phrase, and it’s able to pick it up if it’s bullying, and it gives you the choice to edit it or send it the way it is,” Rao told Time. “The goal is not to punish people. As a teenager I know teenagers tend to become very angry sometimes. Instead, it gives you the chance to rethink what you’re saying so that you know what to do next time around.” Rao was chosen in part because of the way she has followed up her technical work with efforts to get other young people to work on solving the problems they see. “I don’t look like your typical scientist. Everything I see on TV is that it’s an older, usually white man as a scientist,” she told Time. “My goal has really shifted, not only from creating my own devices to solve the world’s problems, but inspiring others to do the same as well. So I really want to put out that message: If I can do it, you can do it, and anyone can do it.” 1. What made Gitaniali Rao Time’s Kid of the Year for 2020? A. Her invention of a tool to test for lead in water. B. Her unique experience of winning many awards. C. Her efforts to make scientific devices commercial. D. Her excellent ability and passion to inspire other kids. 2. What is the function of Rao’s Web tool “Kindly”? A. To ensure the security of the network. B. To punish teenagers’ wrong thoughts. C. To use artificial intelligence technology. D. To type a word or phrase on the Internet. 3. Why did Rao say “anyone can do it” in the last paragraph? A. A white man can work as a scientist. B. We ought to set a goal at an early age. C. We are supposed to inspire others to do the same. D. Everybody may succeed in solving world’s problems. B For someone trapped in the debris (废墟) after an earthquake, a rat (老鼠)might be an unwelcome sight. But one scientist has been training rats to act as first responders, equipping them with backpacks and tiny microphones so that they can lead humans to earthquake survivors (幸存者). Dr. Donna Kean was once interested in big animals, but her-attention to rats grew when she saw how quickly rats could learn and how well they could be trained. “Rats have a similar sense of smell to dogs, and they’re just as trainable as dogs,” she said. “They also, aren’t tied to just one trainer, which is what you find with dogs. And their size is useful-because they are able to get into small spaces that dogs are just unable to get into.” They carry tiny bags with microphones in them and are being sent to the debris to find and come into contact with survivors. “There can be sounds coming from the bag that may say something like, ‘I am a rescue rat; I’m here to help you,’” Kean said, “which can be very helpful to those who are scared of the rat.” The rats have yet to face a real-life disaster but they will soon be sent to Turkey to work with the country’s search and rescue teams. At the moment the rats are learning to make progress. The rats first start their training in a small empty room. And then they move on to increasingly challenging situations until they come close to the debris. That’s where they find the survivors and the chance to talk to them. The rats are the real focus now. They are so good at moving through all kinds of different environments, which just shows how suitable they are for search and rescue work. The work could save the lives of survivors, as well as rescuers, because it will give rescuers a better idea of where survivors are located before they enter the dangerous places. These little rats are on their way to making a big difference now. 4. What is the advantage of rats over dogs in rescue work? A. Their team spirit. B. Their small size. C. Their good sense of smell. D. Their strong strength. 5. What’s the purpose of rats’ carrying a backpack? A. To control the rats’ behavior in the task. B. To lead the rats to the survivors directly. C. To contact the survivors in an effective way. D. To provide food and water for the survivors. 6. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The reasons for training rescue rats. B. The cooperation between rats and rescuers. C. The process of training rats for rescue work. D. The good performance of the rats in rescue work. 7. What does the author think of rats’ role in the rescue work? A. Optimistic. B. Cautious. C. Uncertain. D. Disapproving. C An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities, researchers found in a primary study. Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures (手势). Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes (电极). This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems, avoiding the use of surgeries,” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool, also known as a language model, to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages. The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers. In these databases, participants listened to various stories and sentences, while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) (脑磁图). Then with the help of a computational method that helps explain physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode (解码) what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as matching to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities. Using MEG, the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses, the researchers found. “The new study is the decoding of speech recognition, not production,” King agrees. “Though speech production is the final goal, for now, we’re quite a long way away.” 8. Whom might the AI benefit? A. People unable to read. B. People who are unconscious. C. People who can’t move around. D. People unable to communicate normally. 9. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. The purpose of the AI. B. The significance of the AI. C. The advantage of the AI. D. The working principle of the AI. 10. What is the best title for the text? A. A New Way to Decode Speech B. The Employment of MEG Technology C. An Advance in Artificial Intelligence D. A Solution to Communication Problems 第二节 语句排序（共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分） 11. 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序, 构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。 A. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures. B. Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us, fear it. However, without failure, success would be almost impossible. C. Later, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products. D. In fact, Apple, one of the world’s most successful companies, is the best example of illustrating (阐释) this point. One of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. E. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us important lessons about failure. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other. ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → _______ 第三节选句填空（共5小题, 每小题2分, 满分10分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____12____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____13____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___14___ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____15____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. ___16___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 第三部分综合应用（共两节, 满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Lauren Schroeder was volunteering at a community food bank at age 14. As she filled bags with ____17____ groceries, she noticed that there were plenty of food that came in cans and boxes, but she didn't see anything ____18____ and healthy to give to families in need. Inspired to make a ____19____, she told her parents that she wanted to start a vegetable garden on their farm, so that people could get the ____20____ they needed. Although they were ____21____, her parents made her aware of how much work it would take. Still, the teenager was up for the ____22____. Lauren managed to receive a(n) ____23____ from a youth organization to pay for seeds and gardening ____24____. She did a lot of research online to find out what plants____25____ and what didn't, what needed shade, and which ones needed more water. Over the hot and dry summer, she _____26_____ her crops for weeds and watered them by hand every day. Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce that she then_____27_____ gave away to local food banks, a soup kitchen, and a nursing home. More _____28_____ than ever, she relaunched her project, doubling the size of her garden and _____29_____ her vegetable selection. So far, she has spent over 1,000 hours working in her garden and donated 7,000 pounds of home-grown produce. “I love _____30_____,” said Lauren, now 17. “Many people help you out, but it makes more _____31_____ when you help other people out.” 17. A. preserved B. donated C. selected D. traded 18. A. necessary B. beautiful C. valuable D. fresh 19. A. change B. request C. choice D. profit 20. A. guidance B. information C. nutrition D. service 21. A. supportive B. doubtful C. protective D. mindful 22. A. competition B. performance C. assignment D. challenge 23. A. invitation B. fund C. opinion D. certificate 24. A. methods B. products C. supplies D. lessons 25. A. worked B. developed C. happened D. improved 26. A. arranged B. checked C. prepared D. exchanged 27. A. carefully B. secretly C. temporarily D. generously 28. A. amused B. relieved C. motivated D. exhausted 29. A. expanding B. assessing C. presenting D. defending 30. A. moving on B. weighing up C. showing off D. giving back 31. A. effort B. difference C. money D. progress 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yibin City, in southwest China, has the largest bamboo forest in the world ___32___ (cover) 27 mountains and more than 500 peaks. Hundreds of millions of bamboo s form a “green sea” in the inland area. ___33___ (locate) in the subtropical monsoon (季风) climate area the Bamboo Sea in south Sichuan, or Shunan Bamboo Sea, enjoys a sufficient rainfall all year round and has over 400 different kinds of bamboo species, among ___34___ Nan bamboo is the dominant one in the forest. Nan bamboo, also called tortoise shell bamboo, is the most useful with the greatest economic significance. The Nan bamboo shoots are ___35___ (taste). Young bamboos can be used ___36___ (make) paper, and after growing up, the bamboo culms (竹秆) and branches are good materials for furniture and other crafts. Its speed of ___37___ (grow) is faster than all the other bamboo species in Yibin. In Chinese culture, bamboo is one of ___38___ most common elements in art and literature. Especially for ancient artists, bamboo was praised in their paintings, calligraphy and poetry ___39___ a symbol of uprightness, modesty and loyalty. The magnificent bamboo forest in Yibin ___40___ (be) a popular tourist spot since ancient times. Besides bamboo, ____41____ (it) mountains and rivers, lakes, countless streams and ancient temples also make it a wonderful travel destination in China. 第四部分 词汇基础（共20分） 第一节 词义匹配（共10小题, 每小题1分; 满分10分） 根据句子内容, 从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。 42. The news of the earthquake caused a great shock to the entire community. A. caused a lot of trouble B. produced a sense of calm C. made the community feel indifferent D. left the community deeply surprised 43. Literature often serves as an escape for those who seek shelter from the tough realities of life. A. offers a way out B. makes a difference C. brings inspirations D. puts forward a solution 44. We didn’t realize the extent of the problem until it was too late to fix it easily. A. know how serious the problem was B. figure out the cause of the problem C. notice the problem for the first time D. see the problem from a different angle 45. The sound of the doorbell interrupted our peaceful evening, signaling that we had unexpected visitors. A. extended our relaxing evening B. brightened our quiet evening C paused our busy schedule D. disturbed our quiet time 46. The school is working to integrate technology into the classroom in a way that promotes learning. A. use technology to replace traditional teaching methods entirely B. separate technology from classroom activities to maintain focus C. combine technology with classroom activities D. limit the use of technology during class 47. With the advance of technology, we now have access to information from all over the world. A. As a result of the decline of technology B. Despite the challenges of technology C. Due to the lack of progress in technology D. Because of the development of technology 48. The air pollution in the city is so severe that the government is taking measures to reduce it. A. is planning to act B. is conducting actions C. is ignoring the problem D. is considering the problem 49. Students organized a peaceful protest to express their concern about environmental issues. A. arranged an intense movement B. planned a nonviolent march C. hosted a heated debate D. held a silent strike 50. The scientist was on the edge of a major discovery that could change the field of medicine, which was really inspiring. A. had already made a groundbreaking finding B. was far away from finding anything significant C. was close to making an important breakthrough D. was just starting his experiment with clear direction 51. Success in life often requires a recipe of hard work, determination, and a bit of luck. A. a list of ingredients for cooking B. a single key to unlocking success C. a mix of qualities necessary for success D. a secret method kept hidden from others 第二节单词拼写（每空1分, 满分10分） 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 用单词的恰当形式填空, 并把完整单词填写在答题卷相应的位置上。 52. The campaign is intended to raise public_____________ (意识) of saving water. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. It is an_____________(令人钦佩的) and wise decision that is worth being followed by all. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. We usually_____________ (提倡) quitting smoking in order to keep fit. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. We’ve done enough_____________ (损害), and now it is the time to do something to repair the earth. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 56. She was very _____________ (令人印象深刻的) in the interview. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 57 Medical experts warn high school students of the p_____________ health risks of lack of exercise. (根据首字母单词拼写) 58. After years of hard work, Sarah finally earned a good r_____________ as an committed employee in her company. (根据首字母单词拼写) 59. Those travelers were t_____________ in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. (根据首字母单词拼写) 60. As a child, Tom often o_____________ the behavior of birds; he grew to be a nature lover from young. (根据首字母单词拼写) 61. He’s such a c_____________ boy, always asking questions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 第五部分 书面表达（共40分） 第一节完成句子（每小题3分, 满分15分） 根据前后文及所给中文在空格处用合适的英文完成句子。 62. __________________________ (尽管有巨大的风险) posed by the pandemic, the doctors stuck to their posts and made outstanding contributions to the society. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 63. The lift __________________________ (停止运转), so we had to walk up the stairs. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 64. After hundreds of failed experiments, they __________________________ (偶遇一种有希望的化学品). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 65. The next year, King __________________________ (获得诺贝尔奖). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 66. __________________________ (毫无疑问) that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 第二节 应用文写作（满分25分） 67. 你校英语报正在举办以“当家中发生火灾时, 如何保护自己？”为主题的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1 火灾危害； 2. 逃生建议； 3. 提出呼吁。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Protect Yourself When a Fire Breaks Out at Home ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$