课时跟踪检测(11)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(十一) [对应学生用书P161] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．There are three small boats available for hire. 2．This deadline will be extended only in exceptional (exception) circumstances. 3．It is sort of embarrassing to ask such kind of question. 4．It was raining hard；that was why I came late. 5．I came late；that was because it was raining hard. 6．The reason why I came late was that it was raining hard. 7．The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 8．This is what we have been looking forward to for years. 9．My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow or we will be late. 10．The church is where most of American couples celebrate their wedding. Ⅱ.单句写作 1．What concerns me most is who will be my English teacher next term.(who) 我最关心的是下学期谁来做我的英语老师。 2．I stayed up too late last night.That's why I was late for school this morning．(why) 我昨晚熬夜了。 这就是今天早上上学迟到的原因。 3．What made me confused was how he did it without any help．(how) 使我困惑的是他是如何在没有任何帮助的情况下做到的。 4．The trouble is that most of the students think their uniforms are ugly．(that) 问题是大多数学生认为他们的校服很丑。 5．All she's worried about is whether he is all right．(whether) 她所担心的只有他是否都好。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world's oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century.The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished seafoods.The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level.Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia，Canada led the intentional team that did the study.Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed.At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048. Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments.But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty years.Some scientists say parts of the world do have problems but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations.Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research. The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine. The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems.These complex systems help control water quality.The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth. The scientists examined the results of thirty­two experiments and observed forty­eight protected areas.They also looked at records of catches worldwide.They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003.And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas.That research reached back over a thousand years. Boris Worm says the findings are，in his words，“beyond anything we suspected”．But he also says the situation is not too late to correct.He says that with good fisheries management，some species could completely recover in three to ten years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究报告说，到本世纪中叶，来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失，其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑，有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。 1．The underlined word “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean “ ”． A．researchers'　　　　　　 B．fishermen's C．seafoods' D．the oceans' C　[代词指代题。根据第一段中的“The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished seafoods.”可知，their指的是“海产品的”。] 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All the scientists don't believe that all seafood species will disappear very soon. B．Most government officials disagree to the seafood­disappearing research. C．Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. D．It's too late to take any action to improve the situation. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty years.(不是所有的人都认为50年内海洋会枯竭。)”可知并不是所有的科学家都相信所有的海鲜物种都会很快消失。] 3．According to Boris Worm， ． A．some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populations B．overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood species C．things are getting worse though efforts can be made D．some more species will come into being with right measures B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments.”和最后一段中的“He says that with good fisheries management，some species could completely recover in three to ten years.”可知，据鲍里斯·沃姆说，过度捕捞是导致海产品物种灭绝的原因之一。] 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To call on people to protect the ocean environment. B．To introduce a study about the disappearing of seafoods. C．To report different opinions about the seafood research. D．To criticize the present fisheries management. B　[写作意图题。纵观全文可知，文章讲的是研究表明过度捕捞会使海产品供应几乎消失，也对海洋环境有影响，由此判断出，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于海产品消失的研究。] B Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic­bag use it cancels out. However, longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的主题是一次性塑料袋究竟对环境好不好以及塑料袋和纸袋哪个好。 5．What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A．Help increase grocery sales. B．Recycle the waste material. C．Stop things falling off trucks. D．Argue for the use of plastic bags. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.”可知，Steven被公司雇用是为了维护塑料袋制造业，因此D项正确，意为 “为塑料袋的使用进行辩护”。] 6．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Bans on plastic bags. B．Effects of city development. C．Headaches caused by garbage. D．Plastic bags hung in trees. A　[词义猜测题。前句提到禁止使用塑料袋。此处的headwinds指的就是禁止使用塑料袋，因此A项正确。] 7．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic­bag makers? A．They are quite expensive. B．Replacing them can be difficult. C．They are less strong than plastic bags. D．Producing them requires more energy. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知，生产可以循环使用的购物袋需要花费更多的能源。所以D项正确。] 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Plastic, Paper or Neither B．Industry, Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control A　[标题概括题。本文论述的主要内容是塑料袋好还是纸质的袋子好。因此A项符合文章主题，意为 “用塑料(袋)、纸(袋)还是都不用”。] Ⅱ.七选五 As long as we have been on earth，we have used the sea around us.We take from the ocean，and we give to it. We take fishes from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish，every year，to feed millions of people. 1 We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates (蒸发). 2 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea，too.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls，sponges (海绵) and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry. 3 Seaweed becomes food of many kinds—even candy，and ice cream—as well as medicine.Believe it or not，fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water. 4 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food，fertilizer，minerals，water，and other gifts.What do we give the sea？Garbage. 5 Huge as it is，the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.Yet as the world population grows，we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas，we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully，it is not too late. A．We even use their bones for fertilizer. B．Some of its contents may cause illness. C．Natural sponges become cleaning aids. D．The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. E．Along with salt，other minerals are left after evaporation. F．We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. G．We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的环境周围都是海洋，我们从海洋中得到许多的矿物质，人们越来越依赖海洋的资源，但是人们却不断地污染海洋，作者希望人们减少海洋污染。 1．A　[根据上文“We take fishes from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish，every year，to feed millions of people.”提到我们从海洋里获取许多鱼，当然包括鱼的骨头，这一段在讲鱼对于人类的好处，A项与上文形成递进关系。] 2．E　[根据上文“We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates.”可知，蒸发海水可以得到盐，当然也可以得到除盐之外的其他矿物质。E项承接上文，符合题意。] 3．C　[根据空前 “Other gifts from the sea are pearls，sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.”以及空后“Seaweed becomes food of many kinds—even candy，and ice cream—as well as medicine.”故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项，C项承上启下，符合题意。] 4．B　[根据上文“We cannot drink ocean water.(我们不能喝海水)”由此可知，海水有坏的影响。B项承接上文，符合题意。] 5．F　[根据上文“What do we give the sea？Garbage.(我们给了海洋什么？垃圾！)”由此可知，我们一直在污染着海洋，F项承上启下，符合题意。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Inserting needles through the skin may sound scary, but acupuncture(针灸) and moxa­moxibustion(艾灸), two key components of 1. (tradition) Chinese medicine (TCM), are said to improve the patient's health and well­being. 2． (add) to UNESCO's representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion are 3. (wide) practiced in China.Their format and practice have distinctive regional characteristics and they have a precious heritage based 4. Chinese culture and science. The theory of Chinese medicine believes the human body is a small universe with 5. (it) own circulatory system, in this system；there are acupoints(穴位) connecting the channels.By stimulating these acupoints, the self­regulating functions of the human body can 6. (promote). Acupuncture refers to the practice of inserting needles into the body of a patient at a certain angle and using 7. (technique) such as twisting and lifting the needles to excite acupoints 8. (treat) diseases.Moxa­moxibustion normally refers to placing moxa(艾) directly on acupoints or holding moxa sticks at 9. distance to warm the body. In 1995, the World Health Organization published 10. can be treated by acupuncture and moxibustion.TCM has become more and more accepted by other countries in the world. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的中医针灸和艾灸。 1．traditional　[考查形容词。此处Chinese medicine是名词短语，由形容词修饰。] 2．Added　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在2010年被添加到联合国教科文组织的人类非物质文化遗产列表之后，针灸在中国广为流传。此处句子主语acupuncture and moxibustion和add之间是一种被动关系，应用过去分词作时间状语。] 3．widely　[考查副词。此处practiced是动词，应由副词修饰。] 4．on　[考查介词。be based on 意为“以……为基础”。] 5．its　[考查代词。此处own意为“自己的”，与形容词性物主代词连用。] 6．be promoted　[考查情态动词和语态。句意：通过刺激这些穴位可以提升人体的自我调节功能。情态动词后跟动词原形，且functions与promote为动宾关系，故填be promoted。] 7．techniques　[考查名词的数。句意：针灸疗法指的是在一定角度将针插入病人的身体并使用捻针和抬针等技术刺激穴位来治疗疾病。此处用名词复数。] 8．to treat　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to treat。] 9．a　[考查冠词。at a distance 意为“在远处”。] 10．what　[考查宾语从句的引导词。此处published是动词，后面是宾语从句，从句缺少主语。能引导宾语从句，且在句子中作主语，表示事物的只能填what。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$