课时梯级训练(3) Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

课时梯级训练(三)　Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It is assumed that hard work usually leads to great success. 2．We may never know what motivated him to rescue(rescue) that dog. 3．They decide to give the stray dog food out of mercy. 4．The researchers are in their search for the bacteria which they want to experiment with. 5．I only take on work that excites me，even if it means turning down lots of money. 6．My loyalties(loyal) to my family come before anything else. 7．In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. 8．A military court sentenced him to death in his absence. 9．A novelist(novel) must be able to use the cultural heritage of his nation. 10．I could tell from her expression(express) that something serious had happened. Ⅱ.根据本单元所学知识完成句子 1．我永远不会忘记你在英语方面给我的帮助。(倒装句) Never will I forget your help with my English. 2．第一个到达终点的人将获得金牌。 The first one to reach the finishing line will win the gold medal. 3．和他争论没有意义，因为他不会听你的。(There be句型) There is no sense (in) arguing with him，because he won't listen to you. 4．如果给她这个机会，她很可能成为一个杰出的艺术家。(过去分词短语作状语) Given the opportunity，she is likely to become an outstanding artist. 5．汤姆对中国文化很了解，就好像他是土生土长的中国人一样。(as if/though) Tom has a good knowledge of Chinese culture，as if/though he were a native Chinese． Ⅲ.阅读理解 A pretty face is never forgotten.Do you believe so？But maybe it is untrue！Psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognised.A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces，unless a pretty face has particularly distinctive features. German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted(扭曲) by emotions.Researchers Holger Wiese，Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger at the University of Jena，Germany，discovered in a study that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. For the study，which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia，the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects.Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive，but all of them were thought of as similarly distinctive looking.The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorise them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognised them or not. The researchers were surprised by the result.“Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorise faces which are being considered as attractive，just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces，” Dr Wiese said.But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily proven.He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences，which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time.The researchers' idea is backed up by evidence from EEG recordings(脑电图记录) they used during their experiment，which show the brains' electric activity. The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces，considerably more false positive results were detected.In other words，people thought they recognised a face without having seen it before.“We obviously tend to believe that we recognise a face just because we find it attractive，” Dr Wiese said. 1．What do we know about the photos from Paragraph 3? A．They were all of pretty faces. B．They were selected at random. C．They were not distinctive at all. D.They were showed twice to the test subjects. 2．What does the underlined phrase “false positive results” in the last paragraph mean? A．People actually only recognise few pretty faces. B．People recognise more ugly faces than pretty ones. C．People claim to recognise a face they have never seen. D.People recognise fewer faces than they have thought. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．People are reluctant to recognise ugly faces. B．Beautiful people are particularly distinctive. C．Attractiveness prevents the recognition of faces. D．Attractive faces are always easy to be recognised. 4．Which word can show the author's attitude towards the findings of the research? A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Favourable. D．Objective. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吸引力实际上会阻碍人们对面孔的识别，除非一张美丽的脸有特别鲜明的特征。 1．D　[解析]细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorise them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognised them or not.”可知，在测试中，研究人员只给受试者看了几秒钟的面孔，让他们记住这些面孔，然后在测试过程中再给他们看一遍，这样就能判断他们是否认出了这些面孔，即这些照片被展示了两遍。 2．C　[解析]词义猜测题。由最后一段第二句“In other words，people thought they recognised a face without having seen it before.(换句话说，人们以为自己认出了一张脸，实际上这张脸他们之前没有见过。)”可知，这是对上一句的解释。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。由第四段第二句中的“Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorise faces which are being considered as attractive，just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces”可知，我们认为人们普遍更容易记住好看的脸，仅仅因为我们更喜欢看漂亮的面孔。由此可以推理出，人们不愿意看难看的面孔。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。文章通过说明研究过程和引用研究人员的观点进行论述，并没有表明作者自己的观点和看法。因此可知，作者对研究结果的态度是客观的。 Ⅳ.完形填空 My teacher Mr.Bush is the most positive person I've ever met.He has the ability to 1 positiveness to young students. He always smiles and never gets 2 at students.Once I met some 3 because I felt overshadowed by my brother，who seemed to be doing great in every way.Hopelessness 4 me whenever I was in the classroom.But that all 5 when I met my teacher for life，Mr.Bush.Having found out about my problems，he just kept 6 me.Because of Mr.Bush，my world was filled with 7 and power. A few weeks ago，everyone in my class was feeling a bit 8 because of a bad day at school.But things got 9 after a close of Mr.Bush's class.He drew a picture on the whiteboard that 10 a half full glass of water.He then said，“Class，the point of view from which you look at things will 11 your feelings.Like this glass of water，some people see it and think ‘What！Only half a glass of water.How 12 I am！’Whereas other people think ‘Wow，I'm so thirsty.Great！Half a glass of water for me！’It is all in the 13 you think.” Mr.Bush's 14 way of thinking always makes me feel glad and 15 ．I will always remember him. 1．A.pass on B．apply for C．consist of D．give up 2．A.strict B．patient C．mad D．curious 3．A.friends B．needs C．realities D．difficulties 4．A.drowned B．resisted C．cured D．relaxed 5．A.happened B．changed C．solved D．included 6．A.forgiving B．calming C．encouraging D．calling 7．A.sunshine B．fear C．surprise D．disappointment 8．A.cheerful B．down C．eager D．afraid 9．A.warmer B．higher C．better D．happier 10．A.served B．filled C．bought D．showed 11．A.hurt B．show C．control D．affect 12．A.pleased B．unfortunate C．bright D．perfect 13．A.way B．direction C．end D．past 14．A.different B．optimistic C．special D．important 15．A.proud B．careful C．lonely D．hopeful 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的老师布什先生是一个极其乐观的人，他能把乐观传递给年轻学生，他积极的思考方式总是让作者感到高兴并充满希望。 1．A　[解析]根据上文中的Mr.Bush is the most positive person可知，布什先生能把乐观传递给年轻学生。pass on 传递；apply for申请；consist of由……组成；give up放弃。 2．C　[解析]根据上文中的He always smiles and never gets可知，布什先生总是微笑，从不会生学生的气。get mad at sb.意为“生某人的气”。 3．D　[解析]根据下文中的“because I felt overshadowed by my brother，who seemed to be doing great in every way”可知，作者遇到了一些困难。 4．A　[解析]根据上文可知，作者与哥哥相比总是相形见绌，故应是绝望淹没了作者。drown淹没。 5．B　[解析]根据下文中的“Because of Mr.Bush，my world was filled with 7 and power.”可知，因为布什先生，作者充满了力量。故此处表示遇到布什先生后，情况完全变了。 6．C　[解析]结合上下文及常识可知，布什先生不断“鼓励”作者，作者的世界充满了力量。 7．A　[解析] 根据空后的and power可知，此处所填词应与power并列，表示布什先生的鼓励所起的效果。sunshine阳光；fear害怕；surprise惊讶；disappointment失望。 8．B　[解析]根据下文中的because of a bad day at school可知，大家在学校经历了糟糕的一天，故感到沮丧。 9．C　[解析]根据上文可知，大家心情不好，本句中的But暗示着布什先生的课结束后，情况有所好转。 10．D　[解析]此处表示布什先生的画上展示的是半杯水。 11．D　[解析]根据下文可知，布什先生想要告诉同学们，你看事情的角度会影响你的感受。 12．B　[解析]根据上文中的副词Only和下文中表示对比的Whereas可知，此处表示有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。 13．A　[解析]分析上下文可知，布什先生给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图，告诉他们有的人对此持积极的态度，有的人则相反，这取决于自己的思维方式。 14．B　[解析]根据第一段中的“My teacher Mr.Bush is the most positive person I've ever met.”可知，此处指他乐观的思维方式。 15．D　[解析]分析上下文可知，布什先生总是用他积极的思维方式影响着作者，此处表示让作者感到高兴和充满希望。 Ⅴ.语法填空 “Don't judge 1. book by its cover，” the old saying goes.Unfortunately，now teenagers always have some dark thoughts about their physical appearances.Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on 2. they think of their appearances.Teenagers who 3. (want) to copy the looks of their favourite stars will end up 4. (feel) worse about themselves.Besides，their friends with model-like good looks also influence the way in 5. they view their physical appearances. However，there 6. (be) certainly ways to deal with these external influences.First，it's wrong 7. (follow) popular standards 8. (blind).It's very important to accept what you are.Second，teenagers should believe that they are unique and 9. their family and friends love them just the way they are.Finally，try to direct the attention away from negative 10. (think).What they should do is to take pride in what they do well instead of worrying about things they cannot change. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。青少年往往会受到关于外表的负面想法的影响，本文就如何减少这些影响提出了几点建议。 1．a　[解析]考查冠词。句意：不要以貌取人。此处泛指“一本书”，book以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．what　[解析]考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：媒体关于美的标准会对他们如何看待自己的外表有很大的影响。“2. they think of their appearances”是宾语从句，表示“他们对自己的外表有什么看法”，故用what引导从句。故填what。 3．want　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：想要模仿自己喜欢的明星的外表的青少年最终会对自己感觉更糟。空处是定语从句中的谓语动词，与主语who(即先行词Teenagers)之间是主动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时；又因主语who指代复数名词，所以谓语动词用复数形式。故填want。 4．feeling　[解析]考查非谓语动词。end up doing表示“最终成为，最后处于”。故填feeling。 5．which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：此外，他们的朋友像模特一样漂亮的外表也影响了他们看待自己外表的方式。当先行词是名词way，且意为“方式”时，其后定语从句可用in which引导，可用关系代词that引导，也可省略。本句中用in which引导该定语从句，修饰先行词way。故填which。 6．are　[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，当然有办法处理这些外部影响。本文的基础时态为一般现在时，there be句型中的be与主语ways在人称和数上保持一致。故填are。 7．to follow　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，盲目遵循流行的标准是错误的。“It be＋adj.＋to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to follow。 8．blindly　[解析]考查副词。空处修饰动词follow，用副词blindly，意为“盲目地”。故填blindly。 9．that　[解析]考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：第二，青少年应该相信自己是独一无二的，他们的家人和朋友就爱他们本来的样子。分析句子可知，“9. their family and friends love them just the way they are”是并列的宾语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，用that仅起连接作用，且句中第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。故填that。 10．thoughts　[解析]考查名词的数。句意：最后，试着把注意力从消极的想法上移开。空处在句中作宾语，用名词thought；结合句意，“消极的想法”是复数概念，用复数形式。故填thoughts。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$