Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 直接引语与间接引语 [观察] 1．The expert said，“From the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.” →The expert said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2．The reporter asked，“Will polar bears die out because of climate change？” →The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. 3．The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction？” →The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. 4．“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. →The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. [探究] 1．句1中的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，间接引语构成了宾语从句。 2．句2中的直接引语部分是一般疑问句，变为间接引语后，采用了whether引导宾语从句的形式，同时时态也发生了变化。 3．句3中的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，语序和时态发生了变化。 4．句4中的直接引语部分是一个“let's＋动词原形”的祈使句式，间接引语转换为advise_sb.to_do_sth.结构。 1．思考直接引语变为间接引语时，哪些地方需要随之发生变化。 2．思考直接引语变为间接引语(宾语从句)时，如何选择引导词。 一、定义 引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句连接。 二、直接引语变间接引语 (一)变人称 [感知] 1．She said，“My brother wants to go shopping with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 2．He said to Kate，“How is your sister now？” → He asked Kate how her sister was then. 3．Mr. Smith said，“He is a good student.” →Mr. Smith said he was a good student. [探究] 1．句1中直接引语的主语为第一人称，变成间接引语后随主语改为第三人称。 2．句2中直接引语的主语被第二人称修饰，变成间接引语后随宾语改为第三人称。 3．句3中直接引语的主语为第三人称，变成间接引语后人称不变。 [归纳] 1．“第一人称随主”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变为间接引语的从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 2．“第二人称随宾”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变为间接引语的从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 3．“第三人称不更新”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。 直接引语变间接引语时，句子的谓语动词可根据实际语境采用适当的动词，如say、tell、ask、beg等。如： “I have something to show you，”I said to her. →I told her that I had something to show her. [即练] 句型转换(改为间接引语) ①“I don't know that，” he said. →He said that he_didn't_know_that． ②She said to me，“You can go with me.” →She told me that _I_could_go_with_her． ③She said to me，“He will go home.” →She told me that he_would_go_home． ④“You are wasting your time day­dreaming！” he said to Mary. →He told Mary that she_was_wasting_her_time_day­dreaming． (二)变时态 [感知] 1．She says，“I plant trees in the spring.” →She says that she plants trees in the spring. 2．The girl said，“I'm writing.” →The girl said that she was writing. 3．Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？” →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 4．The boy said，“I have finished reading the book.” →The boy said that he had finished reading the book. [探究] 1．句1中直接引语和间接引语都是一般现在时。 2．句2中间接引语变为过去进行时。 3．句3中间接引语变为过去完成时。 4．句4中间接引语变为过去完成时。 [归纳] 1．主句为一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时时态不变。 2．主句为一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时时态要做相应的变化： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： ①主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。 He says，“I cleaned the room.” →He says he cleaned the room. ②直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said，“The Earth moves around the Sun.” →The teacher said the Earth moves around the Sun. ③直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式。 The doctor said，“You should stay in bed for 2 days.” →The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days. ④直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 Jack said，“I was born on April 21，1980.” →Jack said he was born on April 21，1980. ⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时，时态不变。 He said，“I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning. [即练] 句型转换(改为间接引语) ①He said，“I like luosifen very much.” →He said that _he_liked_luosifen_very_much． ②The designer said，“We have begun our project.” →The designer said that they_had_begun_their_project． ③My father said，“Practice makes perfect.” →My father said practice_makes_perfect． ④I said，“I will give her some advice tomorrow.” →I said that I_would_give_her_some_advice_the_next_day． ⑤He said，“I am proud of my motherland.” →He said that he_was_proud_of_his_motherland． (三)变句型 [感知] 1．He said，“I'm very glad.” →He said that he was very glad. 2．He said，“Can you come this afternoon，John？” →He asked if John could come that afternoon. 3．He said，“Where is Mr. Wang? ” →He asked where Mr. Wang was. 4．“Open the door，please，”she said. →She asked him/her/me to open the door. 5．He said，“Let's go to see the movies.” →He suggested going to see the movies. →He suggested that they (should) go to see the movies. [探究] 1．句1中直接引语是陈述句，间接引语变为that引导的宾语从句。 2．句2中直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语变为以if引导的宾语从句。 3．句3中直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语变为由where等疑问词引导的宾语从句。 4．句4中直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为“asked_him/her/me_to_open”结构。 5．句5中直接引语是let's 开头的祈使句，间接引语变为动词suggest加动名词或从句。 [归纳] 直接引语 间接引语 陈述句 变为that引导的宾语从句 一般疑问句 变为if/whether引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问句 变为由who、what、when、where等疑问词引导的宾语从句 祈使句 改为“tell (ask、order、beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.”结构 let's 开头的祈使句 表示建议通常用“suggest＋动名词/that从句”或“advise＋that从句/sb. to do sth.” 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 [即练] 句型转换(改为间接引语) ①Linda asked me，“What are you doing？” →Linda asked me what_I_was_doing． ②My father said to me，“Don't make your mother angry again.” →My father told_me_not_to_make_my_mother_angry_again． ③My friend said，“Let's go on a picnic.” →My friend suggested_going_on_a_picnic．(suggest) →My friend suggested_that_we_(should)_go_on_a_picnic．(suggest) →My friend advised_us_to_go_on_a_picnic．(advise) ④“Don't make a noise，”the teacher said to the students. →The teacher asked_the_students_not_to_make_a_noise． ⑤My sister asked me，“Do you like English？” →My sister asked me whether_I_liked_English or not. (四)变其他 [感知] 1．She asked，“Is this book his？” →She asked whether that book was his. 2．“I'll be very busy today，” said the man. →The man said he would be very busy that day. [探究] 1．句1中直接引语中用this，间接引语中改为that。 2．句2中直接引语中用today，间接引语中改为that_day。 [归纳] 某些代词、限定词、表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词根据语境需要在间接引语中会发生变化。规则如下： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day yesterday the day before here there this that these those come go bring take now then/at that moment the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow two days after/in two days next week/month/ ... the next week/month/ ... last week/month/ ... the week/month/ ...before [即练] 句型转换(改为间接引语) ①“I will come and help you tomorrow，John，” she said. → She told John that she would go and help him the_next_day/the_following_day． ②“I'll come and see you again this evening，Tim，” he said. → He told Tim that he_would_go_and_see_him_again_that_evening． ③Mr. Harry asked，“John，have you passed the exam yesterday？” → Mr. Harry asked John whether/if_he_had_passed_the_exam_the_day_before． ④The old man said，“I like to talk with these young men.” →The old man said that he_liked_to_talk_with_those_young_men． ⑤She said to me，“I lived here five years ago.” → She told me that she_had_lived_there_five_years_before． 从括号内选择合适的内容填空 Last Monday I visited Dr.James' clinic.He asked me 1.to_arrive (arrive/to arrive) at 8：30 2.that_night (tonight/that night).He 3.told (said/told) me to bring 4.my (my/your) nightshirt and toothbrush.I arrived on time.His assistant，Charles，invited me 5.to_watch (watch/to watch) TV in the waiting room.He told me to relax 6.there (here/there) while they got my room ready.An hour later，Charles came back and got me ready for bed.He linked me to a machine.“Could 7.you(I/you) please explain it？” I asked.He explained that the machine recorded brain activity.Charles ordered me 8.not_to (don't/not to) leave the bed until the next morning.To my surprise，I fell asleep right away.In the morning，Dr.James told me that except for some leg movements during the night，I had healthy sleep patterns.He advised me 9.to_get (get/to get) some more exercise.At last，he suggested 10.my_going (my going/me to go) on a diet. 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