Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) 2．breakthrough n．重大进展；突破 3．reputation n．名誉；名声 4．rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行 5．purchase vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西 6．client n．委托人；当事人；客户 7．mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法 8．sunrise n．日出 9．convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送 10．fond adj.喜爱 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．precise adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此 2．emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露→emergence n．出现；显现→emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 3．real adj.真的；真实的→realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风→realist n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者→reality n．真实；现实 4．dimension n．维；规模；范围→dimensional adj.空间的；尺寸的→two­dimensional adj.二维的 5．human n．人 adj.人的→humanistic adj.人文主义的→humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类 6．influence n．& vt.影响→influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 7．noble n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的→nobly adv.崇高地；高尚地→nobility n．贵族；高贵；高尚 8．photograph n．照片→photography n．照相术；摄影→photographer n．摄影师 9．subject n．主题；学科→subjective adj.主观的 10．out adv.外出；在室外；向外→outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的 11．subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→subsequently adv.随后；后来 后缀­istic表示“属于……的，有……性质的，关于……的，……主义的，……论的”。 art→artistic　real→realistic human→humanistic　character→characteristic Ⅲ.短语互译 1．对……感兴趣be_interested_in 2．尤其；特别in_particular 3．使与众不同；使突出；使优于……set_apart_from 4．喜爱；喜欢be_fond_of 5．结果；因此as_a_result 6．concentrate on 集中注意力于 7．gain a reputation as 获得……的声誉 8．no longer 不再 9．focus on 专注于；聚焦于 10．as well 也；和；还 11．turn to 转向；求助于 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：it作形式主语 教材原句：It is hard to give a precise definition. 翻译：很难给出一个准确的定义。 2．句型：while引导让步状语从句 教材原句：While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment. 翻译：尽管他的绘画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 3．句型：not just ...but ...不仅仅……还…… 教材原句：He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 翻译：他在展现他笔下人物的外在形象之余，也力图呈现他们内在的温暖和人性。 Ⅰ.原文释译 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art？❶It is hard to give a precise definition①. ❷As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to② understand Western art is ❸to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries③． ❶It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。 ❷As引导原因状语从句。 ❸动词不定式短语作表语。 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus，artists were not interested in painting realistic④ scenes.Their works were often primitive⑤ and two­dimensional⑥，and the main characters were often made ❹much larger than everyone else to show their importance．This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (12671337).❺While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.In particular⑦，his paintings are set apart from⑧ other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. ❹此处是主语补足语。 ❺While引导让步状语从句。 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result⑨，painters concentrated less on⑩ religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life⑪.An important breakthrough⑫ during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (14011428).Influential⑬ painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)，Michelangelo (14751564)，and Raphael (14831520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art ❻that Europe had ever seen． Another innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings⑭ look like photographs.While painters as early as⑮ Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height⑯ with Rembrandt (16061669)，❼who gained a reputation as⑰ a master of shadow and light． In subject matter，the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to⑱ people and the world around us.Kings，nobles⑲，and people of high rank⑳ wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology.Finally，most clients wanted paintings ❽that were beautiful and interesting to look at． ❻that引导定语从句。当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，关系词用that而不用which。 ❼who引导非限制性定语从句。 ❽that引导定语从句，可以替换成which，但是不能省略。 Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid­19th century.After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve ❾what people and the world looked like.Hence，painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this，Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (18401926) called Impression，Sunrise.In this work，Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，others，such as Renoir (18411919)，focused onpeople.Unlike the cold，black­and­white photographs of that time period，Renoir's paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well. ❾此处是what引导的宾语从句。 Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism，subsequentB35 artists began to ask，“What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso (1881­1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream­like quality.Still others turned toB36abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？” 　　which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 ◆难词注解 ①give a precise definition给出一个准确的定义 precise adj.准确的；精确的 ②the best way to do sth.做某事最好的办法 ③over the centuries几个世纪以来 over prep.在……期间 ④realistic adj.现实的；逼真的 ⑤primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) ⑥two­dimensional adj.二维的 ⑦in particular(＝particularly)尤其；特别 ⑧set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… ⑨as a result结果；因此 as a result of由于 ⑩concentrate on集中注意力于 ⑪adopt a more humanistic attitude to life采取一种更人性化的生活态度 humanistic adj.人文主义的 ⑫breakthrough n．重大进展；突破 ⑬influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 ⑭oil painting油画 ⑮as early as早在 ⑯reach its height 达到顶峰 ⑰gain a reputation as获得……的声誉 reputation n．名誉；名声 ⑱shift from ...to ...从……转换到…… ⑲noble n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 ⑳people of high rank上流人士 rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行 purchase vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西 mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法 client n．委托人；当事人；客户 photography n．照相术；摄影 no longer＝not ...any longer不再 emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露 sunrise n．日出 convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送 subjective adj.主观的 focus on专注于；聚焦于 be full of＝be filled with充满 seek to do sth.试图做某事 outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的 as well也；还；和 subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的 turn to转向；求助于 参考译文 西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术风格多种多样，在短短一篇课文中不可能尽数描述。也许了解西方艺术最好的方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 中世纪(5世纪至15世纪) 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物也通常被塑造得比其他人高大许多，以显示其重要性。13世纪乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267～1337)的出现改变了这一现象。尽管他的绘画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 文艺复兴时期(14世纪至17世纪) 新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧观念和价值观。因此，画家们对宗教题材的关注变少了。他们开始对生活采取一种更为人性化的态度。这一时期的一项重大突破是马萨乔(1401～1428)对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452～1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475～1564)和拉斐尔(1483～1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。凭借其浓重的色彩和现实主义风格，一些最好的油画作品看上去就像照片一样。虽然早在达·芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606～1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他被誉为“光影大师”。 在题材方面，重心日益从宗教主题转向我们身边的人与世界。国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的写实画像。还有人则想要展示重大历史事件或神话故事的绘画。最后，大多数顾客都想要看起来漂亮且有趣的绘画。 印象派时期(19世纪末至20世纪初) 在19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术发展缓慢。摄影术发明之后，人们不再需要绘画来保留人与世界的面貌了。因此，画家不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国应运而生。这一新运动的名称源自克劳德·莫奈(1840～1926)名为《日出·印象》的绘画作品。在这幅作品中，莫奈试图表达场景中的光线和变化——场景给他的主观印象——而非对场景本身的详细记录。 虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是自然或日常生活中的场景，但雷诺阿(1841～1919)等其他画家则以人物为关注对象。与那一时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画饱含光影、色彩，极具生命力。他在展现他笔下人物的外在形象之余，也力图呈现他们内在的温暖和人性。 现代艺术时期(20世纪至今) 继印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始发问：“接下来我们应该做什么？”毕加索(1881～1973)等画家试图用一种新方法——立体主义——分析自然世界中存在的各种形状。另一些画家则赋予自己的绘画一种现实却又梦幻般的质感。还有一些画家则转向了抽象艺术。他们不再致力于展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？” Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The text is mainly about how_Western_art_developed． ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．What set Giotto di Bondone's paintings apart from other paintings？(　　) A.His paintings mainly showed religious themes. B.His paintings concentrated less on religious themes. C.His paintings showed real people in a real environment. D.His paintings were to convey the light and movement in the scene. 2．Which wasn't the change in paintings during the Renaissance？(　　) A．The use of oil paints. B．The use of perspective. C.The subjects focused more on religious themes. D.The subjects focused more on people and the world. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？(　　) A．The photography was invented in the 15th century. B．Claude Monet was a famous painter during the Middle Ages. C．Leonardo da Vinci was a famous painter during the Renaissance. D.The painters were interested in photography during the Renaissance. 4．What can we learn from the passage？(　　) A．The paintings of all the impressionists were cold. B．The painting named Impression，Sunrise was a masterpiece of Impressionism. C.The painters were interested in painting something indoors all the time. D.All artists were well aware what they would do next after Impressionism. 答案：1～4 CCCB ►课文语法填空 There 1.are(be) so many different styles of Western art over the centuries.Here，let's look at the brief introduction of Western art.During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was 2.to_represent(represent) religious themes.Their works were often primitive and two­dimensional.This 3.gradually(gradual) changed in the 13th century with a painter，whose paintings are set apart from others by their realistic human faces and deep 4.emotional(emotion) impact.During the Renaissance，new ideas and values slowly replaced those 5.held(hold) in the Middle Ages.Painters began to concentrate less on religion and adopt a more humanistic attitude 6.to/towards life.Some influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced some of the greatest works 7.that Europe had ever seen.With time going by，great changes took place in society and these changes led to new painting 8.styles(style).There followed Impressionism，and some famous artists also emerged in this period.After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask what art is.Some gave 9.their(they) paintings a realistic but dream­like quality while others turned to abstract art.Maybe，no one can predict 10.what painting styles will be like in the future. Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．deep ①In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.深刻的 ②We crossed big rivers and vast plains，climbed high mountains，and overlooked deep valleys.深的 2．adopt ①They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.采用 ②(2021·浙江1月卷改编)There，he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.收养 3．cold ①Unlike the cold，black­and­white photographs of that time period，Renoir's paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life.冷色的 ②(2022·全国乙卷改编)Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.寒冷 Ⅳ.教材续写积累 1．人物特征描写——对比描述 Unlike the cold，black­and­white photographs of that time period，Renoir's paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life. [仿写]完成句子 不像班上的其他同学，我就是不擅长此类运动。 Unlike_other_students_in_my_class，I am just not good at this kind of sports. 2．语言描写——发问 After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask，“ What do we do next? ” [仿写]完成句子 我妈妈非常爱安迪，但她偶尔会问他：“你什么时候才能有一份真正的工作？” My mother loved Andy dearly but she would_ask_him_occasionally，“When will you have a real job？” 1 in particular 尤其；特别 In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 [要点突破] in particular＝particularly尤其；特别 be particular about/over ...对……挑剔；对……讲究 [写作佳句] (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. 尽管在不同级别都存在各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园因其庞大的规模和多样性尤其容易引起我们的注意。 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义替换 ①(2023·浙江1月卷) In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold. ②It is well known that giant pandas are quite particular about/over their food and have a good appetite. ③She frowned because she remembered that her father and mother had never talked to her about anything particularly.in_particular 2 set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 [要点突破] set off出发；启程；引爆(炸弹) set out出发；开始做 set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.开始做某事 set aside对……置之不理；留出 set up建立；设立 set down写下；记下 set in stone一成不变 be set in 以……为背景/场景 [写作佳句] Linda likes being in red to set herself apart from the other girls. 琳达喜欢穿红色衣服，以使自己与其他女孩不同。 David comes from a small mountain village.After graduating from university，he determined to set up his own business.He set aside a lot of money，with which he hoped to shoot a film set in his small village. 大卫来自一个小山村。大学毕业后，他决定自己创业。他留出了大量资金，他希望用这些资金拍摄一部以他的小山村为背景的电影。 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写/句式升级 ①What sets it apart from hundreds of similar small French towns is the huge factory. ②When I gave him pocket money two days before，he set aside the entire amount for the trip. ③He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to get established. ④If you drop a lighted match，you could set off a fire. ⑤After that，I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic，write a speech，and practise my spoken English. →After that，I set_about_reading_widely_for_an_inspiring_topic，writing_a_speech，and_practising_my_spoken_English． ⑥Journey to the West is set in the Tang Dynasty and describes the tough journey of a monk Xuanzang to fetch sutras from India. →Set_in_the_Tang_Dynasty，Journey to the West describes the tough journey of a monk Xuanzang to fetch sutras from India.(分词作状语) 3 concentrate ...on ...把……集中于…… As a result，painters concentrated less on religious themes. 因此，画家们对宗教题材的关注变少了。 [要点突破] ①concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/effort/thoughts on/upon ... 集中注意力/精力/思想于…… ②concentrated adj.决心要做的；全力以赴的 ③concentration n．专心；专注 [写作佳句] I always try to find a place where I won't have trouble concentrating on studying the material. 我总是尽量找一个我可以不受干扰地专心研究材料的地方。 表示“专心于……”的短语还有： ①focus (one's attention) on ②be absorbed in ③put one's heart into ④be buried in [学以致用] 单句填空/句式升级 ①He was studying medicine as a doctor and he had been focusing on his final examinations which needed much concentration(concentrate). ②When you concentrate on/upon one task，you will find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. ③As the show went on，so concentrated(concentrate) was I that I hardly dared to even blink my eyes. ④He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance. →With_his_mind_concentrated_on_his_work,_he didn't notice my appearance.(with复合结构) 4 influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)，Michelangelo (14751564)，and Raphael (14831520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452～1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475～1564) 和拉斐尔(1483～1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 [要点突破] ①be influential in (doing) sth.对(做)某事有影响力 ②influence n．影响(力)，作用vt.影响，对……起作用 have an influence on/upon ...对……有影响 under the influence of ...在……的影响下 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential(influence) when we're making decisions. ②Sometimes the pain of running can have a magic influence on/upon a runner. ③Some people think that news media have become much more influential in people's lives today. ④在父母的影响下，他在四岁时开始学习单板滑雪。 He began to learn snowboarding at the age of four under_the_influence_of_his_parents． 5 reputation n．名誉；名声 While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(16061669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. 虽然早在达·芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606～1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他被誉为“光影大师”。 [要点突破] earn/win/gain a reputation as ...获得……的声誉 establish/build up/make a reputation 树立/博得名声 have a reputation for (doing) sth.以(做)某事而闻名 enjoy a ...reputation享有……的声誉 live up to one's reputation名副其实；不负盛名 [写作佳句] Ms.Brown seemed bored and unhappy.She had the reputation of being “Difficult”． 布朗女士看起来很无聊，很不开心，她以“难以取悦”而著称。 reputation/fame/honour 词汇 用法 reputation 强调在人们心目中的印象，即公众评价，可好可坏 fame 强调本身能力高超和业绩非凡，一般译为“名气”，只用于人 honour 强调因本身的忠心、诚实等优良品质而获得的好名誉或荣誉 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①My son earned a reputation as an expert on tax law. ②Helen has a reputation for being calm and cool­headed. ③我非常愿意介绍故宫博物院，它在世界上享有很高的声誉。 I am extremely willing to introduce the Palace Museum，which enjoys_a_high_reputation_in_the_world． ④桂林没有让我失望，不负盛名。 Guilin doesn't disappoint me；it lives_up_to_its_reputation． 6 rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行 Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的写实画像。 [要点突破] ①rank among (with) 跻身于……；属于……之列 rank high 名列前茅 be ranked first/second/ ...排名第一/第二/…… ②of the first rank一流的；一等的 top­ranked players一流的选手 [写作佳句] To my surprise，I learned that my essay had ranked first in the contest.A mix of excitement and doubt washed over me. 令我吃惊的是，我得知我的作品在比赛中排名第一。兴奋和怀疑之情交织在一起，涌上我的心头。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①(2021·天津6月卷) —I told you! I really am ranked(rank) the lowest.Number 25 out of 25 players. —Look on the bright side! You've got nowhere to go but up. ②通过努力，最终他成功成为最优秀的学生。 Through hard work，he eventually managed to become a student of_the_first_rank． ③The girl likes English very much and is ranked first in the class. →The girl likes English very much，ranked_first_in_the_class．(分词作状语) 7 emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露 From this，Impressionism emerged in France. 由此，印象派在法国应运而生。 [要点突破] ①emerge from从……出现；从……显露出来 It emerges that ...事实表明……；暴露/出现…… ②emergence n．出现；兴起 ③emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 [写作佳句] He emerged from the snow，shook himself off，looked at me with encouraging eyes and made me smile. 它(狗)从雪中爬了出来，抖了抖身上的雪，用鼓励的目光看着我，逗我笑。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①After the rain，the sun emerged from behind the clouds. ②They did not become popular until the emergence(emerge) of improved batteries. ③显然乔治最近又交了一位新朋友。 It_emerges_that George has recently made a new friend. 8 convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送 In this work，Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品中，莫奈试图表达场景中的光线和变化——场景给他的主观印象——而非对场景本身的详细记录。 [要点突破] convey sb./sth.from A to B　把某人/某物从A地运送到B地 convey sth.to sb.向某人传达/传递某物 convey one's feelings/hope/wish/appreciation表达感情/希望/祝愿/感谢 [写作佳句] The sentence written by Confucius mainly conveys a feeling of happiness when seeing a friend coming from far away. 孔子写的这句话主要表达了一种看到从远方到来的朋友的快乐心情。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Your baggage will be_conveyed(convey) by helicopter from the airport to your hotel. ②For Chinese，painting serves the purpose of conveying(convey) thoughts and showing the beauty of the lines. ③Absolutely，the music conveyed(convey) by the cello enriches my life a lot. ④对联上写的总是传达着人们对即将到来的新年的美好希望和祝愿。 What is written in the couplets always conveys_people's_good_hopes_and_wishes for the coming new year. ⑤我写这封信是为了向您表达我衷心的感谢，感谢您在我逗留南京期间给予的友好帮助和悉心照顾。 I'm writing to convey_my_heartfelt_gratitude_to_you for your kind help and tender care when I stayed in Nanjing. 9 focus on 专注于；聚焦于 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，others，such as Renoir(18411919)，focused on people. 虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是自然或日常生活中的场景，但雷诺阿(1841～1919)等其他画家则以人物为关注对象。 [要点突破] ①focus v．集中；聚焦 n．中心点；焦点 focus ...on/upon ...把……集中/聚焦于…… come into focus 成为焦点 ②focused adj.集中注意力的；聚精会神的 be focused on 聚焦于；集中于 [写作佳句] To start with，could you please tell me what I should mainly focus on when reading English works? 首先，你能告诉我在阅读英语作品时应该重点关注什么吗？ [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译/同义替换 ①The coach is able to focus on the kids while their parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. ②He was trying to encourage me，to get me focused(focus) on something other than my discomfort. ③These issues have recently come into sharp focus. ④当乌斯曼专注于读书时，他没有意识到他们离他有多近。 →While Usman focused_on just reading，he didn't realize how close they had come to him. →While Usman was_focused_on just reading，he didn't realize how close they had come to him. ⑤Sensing my state of puzzlement，my teacher told me that by just focusing on small things，I can make a big difference.concentrating_on/focusing_my_attention_on 1 while引导让步状语从句 While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment. 尽管他的绘画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 [情境探究] ①While he loves his students，he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。 ②Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ③While in London，he studied music and painting. 在伦敦时，他学习音乐和绘画。 ④Jack enjoys music while Mary loves dancing. 杰克喜欢音乐，而玛丽热爱舞蹈。 [要点突破] ①while可以作从属连词，置于句首，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”； ②while可以作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候，在……期间”； ③while可以作并列连词，连接并列句，意为“然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折； ④while可以作名词，意为“一段时间”，只作单数使用。 while作名词用时，主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；all the while一直，始终；a short/little while ago刚才，不久前；once in a while偶尔，间或；wait/rest (for) a while等/休息一会儿。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①I am lazy while my sister is hard­working. ②Lost in deep thought for a while，the boy thanked the wise old man for making him realize the real meaning of success. ③(2022·浙江1月卷)One day，while driving(drive) near her home，she saw a dog wandering on the road，clearly lost. ④过了一会儿，妈妈回来了，面带微笑。 After_a_while，my mom returned，smiling. ⑤While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available. →I do not have much time available although/though_I_am_willing_to_help． 2 not just ...but ...不仅仅……还…… He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 他在展现他笔下人物的外在形象之余，也力图呈现他们内在的温暖和人性。 [情境探究] ①As she was not busy that day，she decided not just to throw the paper on the yard but to have a look at the old lady. 由于那天她不忙，她决定不只是把报纸扔到院子里，还要去看看这位老太太。 ②Not only you but also I am fond of music. 不仅你喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 ③Not only can appreciating artworks let us know the thoughts and values they convey，but also it can improve our aesthetic taste and enrich our spiritual world. 欣赏艺术品不仅可以让我们了解这些艺术品所传达的思想和价值观，还可以提高我们的审美品位，丰富我们的精神世界。 [要点突破] ①not just ...but ...＝not only ...but (also) ... ②当“not only ...but (also) ...”连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，则其后的分句用部分倒装。 ③当“not only ...but (also) ...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近原则”。 遵循“就近原则”的结构还有： neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… either ...or ...要么……要么…… not ...but ...不是……而是…… [学以致用] 单句填空/句型转换 ①A good clown can not just amuse others but help the people in need. ②Not only his friends but also Tom wants(want) to go to the cinema. ③Not only am (be) I interested in photography，but I take an amateur course at university to update my skills. ④The nurses not only want a pay increase，but they want reduced hours as well. →Not only do_the_workers_want_a_pay_increase，but they want reduced hours as well. [课时梯级训练(一)见P113] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$