第07讲 主谓一致（课件）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

专 题 07 主谓一致 二轮复习讲练测 英 语 1 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 04 题型特训·命题预测 目录 CONTENTS 核心精讲·题型突破 2 01 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 考点分布 语法一致：主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。意义一致：集体名词作主语，表整体时谓语用单数，就近一致：由or、either...or等连接并列主语，谓语与最近主语一致。 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。 考法与比重 考法：重基础，强调语境运用，设干扰项混淆规则。比重：分值占2 - 4分，虽占比不高，但贯穿各题型，还常与其他语法结合，不容忽视。 命题规律 语境化 融入生活场景、故事叙述等语境，要求结合上下文判断。 综合化 常和时态、语态、从句等综合考查，如 “The students who have finished their homework ______ (be) allowed to play outside.” （are）。 高频化 考查频繁，每年在不同题型中出现，常见考点反复考。 生活化 围绕学校、家庭、社会现象等话题，体现英语实用性。 3 02 02 知识导图·思维引航 4 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考查主谓一致的语法一致原则 考点一 语法一致原则 句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句，从句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. is 03 核心精讲·题型突破 语法一致原则 用法和例句 语法一致,即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 (1).单数名词／代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。She sings an English song every morning.To help others is to help ourselves.Seeing is believing.What he said is not true. (2). and或both...and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Mike and Jack are good friends.Both my sister and I are tall.[注意]①.当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。The writer and singer has come.②．当and连接的单数名词被 each,every或no 修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 语法一致原则 用法和例句 语法一致,即即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 (3)在“A＋with(together with/along with/except/besides,but/as well as,including, rather than等)＋B＋谓语动词”结构中,谓语动词形式和前面的A部分保持一致。The boy together with his friends plays football every week. (4)复合不定代词,如someone,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Everyone is here. (5)有些只有复数形式的名词,如glasses,clothes等单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但当其前有a/two...＋pair(s)/cup(s)/piece(s)/bottle(s)...＋of等表度量的短语修饰时,谓语动词的单复数取决于表度量的名词的单复数。A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma.Here are some new pairs of shoes. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 语法一致原则 用法和例句 语法一致,即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 (6)“the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of the students of the school is about 600, and a number of them are from Guilin. (7)主语前若有all, some, half, enough等形容词或three fourths（3／4）等分数修饰时，谓语动词的数由名词类别和数量决定；若为复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。All of the meat smells terrible.All of the boys were doing sports this time yesterday.Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men.Two thirds of the bread is eaten by the mouse. 考查主谓一致意义一致原则 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点二 意义一致原则 句意：今天早上格林一家在打扫房子，但我不确定到目前为止他们是否完成了。clean打扫；this morning今天早上，是过去的时间，根据下文“but I am not sure if they have completed it so far”，可知clean是过去持续进行的动作，需用过去进行时was/were doing结构；the Greens表示格林一家，是复数人称，系词需用were，故填were cleaning。 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 （2021·江苏泰州·二模）This morning the Greens ___________ (clean) the house, but I am not sure if they have completed it so far. were cleaning 考查主谓一致意义一致原则 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点二 意义一致原则 句意：自去年9月以来，警方已经抓获了数百名罪犯。 根据since last September（自去年9月以来），可知是一段持续的时间，本句需用现在完成时“have/has done”结构。police警察，集合名词表复数意义，助动词需用have，故填have caught。 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 （2020·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）The police ___________ (catch) hundreds of criminals since last September. have caught 03 核心精讲·题型突破 意义一致原则 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 (1)有些集体名词,如family,class,public,group等作主语时,若表示一个集体,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a big one.他的家庭是个大家庭。His family are watching TV.他的家人正在看电视。 (2)有些集体名词,如people,police等,表示复数意义,谓语动词只能用复数形式。 The police haven’t caught the thief yet. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 意义一致原 则 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 (3)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Ten years is a long time. (4)“the+形容词”表示一类人,“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人,它们作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The Greens are leaving for Shanghai next week. (5)某些代词或短语,如half (of),plenty (of)等作主语时,谓语动词应根据其所修饰的名词来决定单复数。Two thirds of the work has been finished. (6)有些名词如news,means,politics, maths等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。Maths is one of the most important subjects. （2023·江苏无锡·一模）I know neither the twin sisters nor Jim (play) such exciting games before. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点三 就近原则 考查主谓一致就近原则 句意：我知道这对双胞胎姐妹和吉姆以前都没有玩过这么刺激的游戏。根据“before”可知此处应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，play的过去分词为played，neither…nor…遵循就近原则，Jim是第三人称单数，应用助动词has。故填has played。 口诀： 一般将来时，将要发生事。 will加动原，构成最容易。 be going to，也表将来意。 计划与打算，它来显威力。 时间状语词，tomorrow常遇。 next week也常见，in+时间也可以 has played 03 核心精讲·题型突破 就近原则 　就近一致,即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近谓语的主语的单复数形式。 (1)当there be句型后跟单个名词时,be的单复数与名词的单复数一致。名词是单数用is,是复数用are。当there be后跟两个或几个并列的主语时,be的单复数形式与其最靠近的那个主语一致。 There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk. (2)not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须与它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only he but also I am going to Beijing. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点四 就远原则 考查主谓一致就远原则 句意：莉莉和她的家人在每年的这个时候都会去爬附近的青山。as well as和……一样，其连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词主语保持一致。再根据时间状语“at this time of year”可知，本句是一般现在时态，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，climb第三人称单数形式是climbs。故填climbs。 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family ___________(climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. climbs （2023·江苏无锡·二模）Tom together with his parents ___________(plan) his birthday party when the door bell rang. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点四 就远原则 考查主谓一致就远原则 句意：门铃响时，汤姆和他的父母正在筹划他的生日聚会。根据“when the door bell rang”可知，此处是强调从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行，所以空处用过去进行时（was/were doing），together with连接两个名词时作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，所以be动词由Tom决定，用was，plan变成现在分词planning。故填was planning 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 was planning 03 核心精讲·题型突破 就远原则 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 (1)主语后跟with短语； The teacher with his students is preparing for the exam. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“The teacher”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“with his students”。 (2)主语后跟except短语 Everyone except Tom and Jerry likes this movie. 谓语动词“likes”与前面的主语“Everyone”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“except Tom and Jerry”。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 就远原则 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 (3)主语后跟as well as短语 He, as well as his brothers, enjoys reading. 谓语动词“enjoys”与前面的主语“He”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“as well as his brothers”。 (4)主语后跟rather than短语 She, rather than they, is responsible for the project. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“She”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“rather than they”。 (5)主语后跟including短语 The book, including its appendices, has been translated into multiple languages.谓语动词“has”与前面的主语“The book”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“including its appendices”。 04 题型特训·命题预测 1．—Only a small number of students ________ able to pass the exam.—Yes, the number of the students ________ no more than 20.A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are2．This pair of trousers ________ long for her.A．is kind of B．are kind of C．is kinds of D．are kinds of3．— What shall we do to stay in shape, Lucy? — Both jogging and swimming ________ good choices.A．is B．am C．are4．There are many rules in our school, for example, eating snacks ________ in our classroom.A．are not allowed B．is notallowed C．allow D．allows5．About one third of my classmates ____ their parents do housework on weekends.A．helps B．help C．to help D．helped 04 题型特训·命题预测 6．The writer and speaker _____ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given7．Either of the two boys ________ interested in math or history.A．is B．are C．has D．have8．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much.A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t9．No news ________ good news.A．am B．are C．is D．be10．—Bob, hurry up! We only have 15 minutes. —Oh, Dad, 15 minutes ________ enough for us.A．is B．have C．were D．was 04 题型特训·命题预测 11．—Either Lucy or Jim and I ________ going to see a wonderful movie.—Wow! The film is worth seeing.A．are B．is C．am12．Neither the parents nor the teacher ________ the students to stay out late.A．don’t allow B．allows C．doesn’t allow D．allow13．Not only my brother but also I ______ tea. We think tea is very healthy.A．drink B．likes C．loved14．There ________ some pieces of news about the World Cup in today’s newspaper.A．have B．has C．are D．is 15．Here ________ some good news about our school.A．is B．are C．have D．has 04 题型特训·命题预测 16．—Why can’t you go shopping with us now?—I with my mum ________ my room. It’s so dirty.A．clean B．am cleaning C．cleans D．is cleaning 17．Henry together with all his classmates ________ invited to the party for their good job last week.A．was B．were C．are 18．Li Hua along with her cousins ________ to Shanghai next week.A．is going B．are going C．have gone 19．—Nancy, where is your brother? —He as well as his classmates __________ the World Cup games in that room.A．watch B．watches C．is watching D．are watching 20．Everyone except Tom and Mike London before.A．has gone to B．have been to C．have gone to D．has been to THE END 23 $$