Unit 3 & 4 语法整合： 主谓一致课件-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

主谓一致(1) Subject-Verb Agreement Read and answer: a Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened... b The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers... c ...people were coming together for memorial ceremonies. 1 In which sentence does the word “enemy” refer to different members? Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb? In sentences (b), the word “enemy” refers to different members. It is followed by a plural verb. Lead-in 一 定义 主谓一致指英语句子中，主语和它所支配的谓语动词在 “人称”和“数”的变化上保持一致。也就是说，谓语动词的形式根据主语人称和数的变化而变化。 1.意义一致 2.语法一致 3.就近/就远一致 当三个原则发生冲突时，要优先考虑意义一致原则。 三大原则 意义一致：主语和谓语动词在语义上保持一致 1) 集体名词作主语： 有的集体名词通常表示复数含义,作主语时谓语通常复数形式,比如 cattle/people/police/staff/crowd/clothes等。 The police ______(be) after him just now. 警察在追捕他。 People _________ (talk) about her. 人们正在谈论她。 Cattle_________ (feed)on grass. 牛以草为食。 The crowd_______ (be)gone. 群众散了。 were are talking feed are 【牛人警察员工群众穿衣服】 有的集体名词通常只用作不可数名词,表示单数意义, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如clothing, poetry, luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment等。 Our clothing _______(protect) us against the cold.我们的衣服可御寒。 All their luggage ________(steal).他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture_____(be)convenient to move.这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory _______(make) in China.这个工厂里所有的机器都是中国产的。 protects was stolen is is made 有的集体名词作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词用单数形式; 强调集体中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式, 如 family, team, class, crowd, government, club, committee, audience, public等。 Her family _____(be) a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家族。 Her family _____(be) all tall. 她的家人都很高。 The team_____(be)the best in the league.这个队是联赛中最好的。 The football team _________(have) baths.足球队队员们正在洗澡。 is are are having is 2) and连接两个并列名词做主语： 表示两个个体，谓动复：Amy’s and Bob ‘s dogs; a teacher and a singer 表示一个整体，谓动单：a knife and fork; bread and butter; fish and chips; Amy and Bob’s dog; a teacher and singer; each boy and girl 3) 名词化的形容词作主语： the + 姓氏复数（一家人）/the + adj.（一类人）作主语时，谓动复; The worker and writer _____ written a new novel. The artist and the poet _____ going to Austarlia next week. The disabled_____ been given much help from the society.。 has are have 4) 时间、距离、重量、金额、算式【巨石是金重】做主语时，谓动单； 5) 学科、国家、报刊、电影等名称作主语时，谓动单； 6)Chinese/Japanese/fish/sheep/deer/means/species/series/works等单复数同形的词作主语，谓语动词由主语含义决定/据定语判断 Eight years _____ passed since I lived here. Eighty dollars _____ enough for the shirt. Politics_____ one of my favorite subjects. Every means_______________(try) in the past few days. has is is has been tried 6) 表示成对的名词做主语，谓动复； 量词修饰成对的名词/不可数名词做主语，谓动由量词决定。 常见量词： a pair/suit/set/piece/loaf/cup/row/pack/basket...of These shoes _______(be) made in China. A pair of gloves ______(be)in the box. Two good pieces of news____________(publish) in today’s paper. are is have been published Practice P38 1 Government troop have put down the uprising. _____ 2 The police is after him. ______ 3 The military are well-organised and prepared to fight. ______ 4 All the machinery in this factory are made in the US. ______ 5 The soldiers' uniform look very smart. ______ 6 The group was sent to rescue the missing pilot. ______ 7 Politics are the study of the ways in which countries are governed. ______ are √ is uniforms √ is troops Complete the film review with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Production P39 Saving Private Ryan is a film directed by Steven Spielberg. The two main characters are Captain John Miller, played by Tom Hanks, and Private James Ryan, played by Matt Damon. James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War. The enemy ______ (kill) his three brothers. Their heart-broken mother receives the news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US Army _______ (decide) to find Ryan and bring him home. A group of men are sent into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother. The rescue team ___ (be) led by Captain Miller, a hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle. kills decides is At the beginning of the film, the audience ____ (be) thrown into an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Normandy. They see the full horror of war, and the chaos and senseless waste of life. Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and, also, a story of courage and sacrifice. It's my favourite film and my family ______ (love) watching it, too. The message of the film is simple – we want peace; we don't want war. are love Complete the film review with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Production 一 定义 主谓一致指英语句子中，主语和它所支配的谓语动词在 “人称”和“数”的变化上保持一致。也就是说，谓语动词的形式根据主语人称和数的变化而变化。 1.意义一致 2.语法一致 3.就近/就远一致 当三个原则发生冲突时，要优先考虑意义一致原则。 三大原则 or 或者 either...or...要么...要么... nor 都不 neither...nor...既不...也不... not...but...不是...而是... not only...but (also)...不但...而且... whether...or...是...还是... there/here be...有... 就近一致：谓语动词和靠近它的主语在“人称和数”上保持一致 就近原则 ①Neither Mr.Smith nor I___(be) able to persuade the principal to change his mind.我和史密斯先生都不能说服校长改变主意。 ②One or two reasons____________(suggest)提出了一两条理由。 ③Not only the students but also their teacher ______(enjoy) reading.不仅学生们喜欢阅读，老师也喜欢。 ④There _____(be) an apple and some peaches on the table.桌子上有一些桃子和一个苹果。 ⑤Not you but your mother ____(go) to the park.不是你而是你妈妈去了公园。 am are suggested enjoys is goes 一个”包括”： including 一个”不是”：rather than 两个“像：like / such as； 四个“和”：with together with along with as well as 五个“除了”：but except besides in addition to apart from 就远一致：谓语动词和离它远的主语在“人称和数”上保持一致 就远原则 ①The teacher,including his students______(go) to the museum. 这位老师，包括他的学生们，打算去博物馆。 ②Everybody except you ____(be) down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。 ③Li Hua along with other boys ______(invite) to the party last night.李华和其他男孩子昨晚被邀请去聚会。 ④I,rather than you,___(be) responsible to prevent such things from happening again.是我而不是你要为预防这件事负责。 is going is was invited am 主谓一致(2) Subject-Verb Agreement a. ...50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. c. ...almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. Activity 2 b. Every recommendation she gives me is great... d. ...none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. 一 定义 主谓一致指英语句子中，主语和它所支配的谓语动词在 “人称”和“数”的变化上保持一致。也就是说，谓语动词的形式根据主语人称和数的变化而变化。 1.意义一致 2.语法一致 3.就近一致 当三个原则发生冲突时，要优先考虑意义一致原则。 三大原则 1)1) 语法一致：主语和谓语动词在形式上保持一致 1) doing/to do/名词性从句作主语，谓动单。 由连词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语时，如果表达同一概念，谓动 单；如果表达不同概念，谓动复。 what引导的主语从句，有时语境含以上表示复数，谓动复。 1. Reading often _____(mean) learning.读书常意味着学习。 2.To read English aloud every morning___(do) you a lot of good. 3.To go to bed early and to rise early___(be) a good habit. 4.To work and to live___(be) two different things. 5.Whether she will go_______(concern) me. 6.What we badly need___(be) doctors. means does is are concerns are 1)1) 2) 不定代词作主语 ①不定代词either / neither / each / one / the other / another / someone / somebody / something / anyone / anybody / anything / everyone / everybody / everything / no one / nobody / nothing / none等作主语，谓动单。 ②“neither/either/none+复数名词/复数形式代词”作主语，谓动单/复，但单数形式更正式。 1.Somebody ________(wait) for you at the gate now. 2.Nobody______(know) the answer. 3.Yesterday, everyone__________(impress)by his moving speech in thelecture hall. 4.Neither of my parents _____(like) pop stars. is waiting knows was impressed likes 1)1) 2) 不定代词作主语 ③all作主语，指人，谓动复；指物，谓动单。 ④such在句首时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据内容而定。 1.All____(be) silent.万籁俱寂。 2.All ______(arrive) here.所有人都到齐了。（现完） 3.She wants to have a big bed and many toys.Such____(be) her wishes. 4.Accountants were boring.Such____(be)her opinion before meeting Tom. is have arrived are was 1)1) 3) 由度量词修饰的名词作主语 ①a number of 大量的...+可数名词复数+谓动复； the number of...的数量+可数/不可数名词+谓动单； ②few/a few/quite a few/several/a great many+可数名词复数+ 谓动复;a great deal of / little/a little/a large amount of+不可 数名词+谓动单【注意】large amounts of+不可数名词，谓动复 1.A number of teachers ___(be) present today,and the number of them___(be) 500. 2.Several paintings _________(destroy) in the big fire.(一过） 3.A large amount ofmedicine ______(need) in this area. 4.Large amounts of money__________(invest) in stocks. are is were destroyed is needed are invested 1)1) 3) 由度量词修饰的名词作主语 ③a lot of/lots of; most of;any of;half of;some of;part of;the rest of;all of;分数/百分数+of;等 +不可数名词/单数名词作主语，谓动单； +可数名词复数作主语，谓动复。 1.Some of the books about an investment fund ___________ (publish) recently.最近出版了一些关于投资基金方面的书。 2.Part of the story____(be) not true.他的故事有一部分是不真实的。 3.Two thirds of the book__________(read).这本书的三分之二已经被读完了。（现完） have been published is has been read 1)1) 3) 由度量词修饰的名词作主语 ④“不止一个”more than one/many a+单数名词 +谓动单； more +复数名词+than one +谓动复； ⑤ “一个半” one and a half of +复数名词+谓动复； one + 单数名词 + and a half +谓动单； ⑥ a quantity of+复数名词+谓动复； a quantity of+不可数名词+谓动单； 【注意】quantities of +名词+谓动复 1)1) 1.More than one soldier___________(kill) in the battle.(一过) 2.Many a student _________(watch) the video.(现完） 3.More members than one_______(be) against the case.（一现） 4.A quantity of storybooks_______________(buy)for the children.(现完） 5.Large quantities of food_________(waste) in the restaurants.(一过) was killed has watched are have been bought were wasted 1)1) 4) 定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词单复数由先行词单复数决定。 【注意】在”one of +复数名词+定语从句“这一结构中，定语从句所修饰的先行词为”复数名词“，所以从句”谓动复“； 若one前面有the或the only,从句”谓动单“ 1.Those who_________(see) the film please put up your hand.(现完） 2.The man who_________(speak) at the meeting is our chairman.(现进） 3.He is one of the teachers in our school who_____(know) Japanese. 4.He is the one of the teachers in our school who____(know) Japanese. have seen is speaking know knows Complete the passage by choosing the singular or plural form. Nowadays, there are many companies offering services in the domain of genetic testing for children's talents. A large number of clients have / has been attracted to it. They are parents, eager to know what talents their children may have in the future, even though they may still be in kindergarten. The process is simple. Every child provide / provides a small sample of blood or body tissue. This is / These are analysed. Each of the children is / are given a report showing their possible talents. A recent example cited on the website is that one of the testing companies compare / compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny. Bobby was assessed and his talents was / were revealed to be mostly scientific: a 66% chance of success in chemistry and 54% in physics was / were shown. Meanwhile, Benny's highest score was / were shown to be in an arts subject: the test gave him 68% for literary studies. Is genetic testing reliable? Some scientists say that more evidence is / are needed. Production P54 $$