Unit 2 Section Ⅳ（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project，Assessment & Further study [对应学生用书P52] [清障单词] 1．unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 2．destination n. 目的地，终点 3．cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 4．unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的 5．distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 6．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 [清障短语] 1．leave one's mark on 在……留下印记 2．move in all directions 向四面八方移动 3．roll away 滚滚而去；滚开 4. in the distance 在远处 5．push against the other 推挤对方 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①flood n．洪水；水灾；大量 vt. & vi.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 ②downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n．楼下 ③non-stop adv.不停地；直达地 adj.直达的；不间断的 ④roar vi.& n．咆哮；吼叫 ⑤document n．文件，公文；(计算机中的) 文档 ⑥disaster supplies 救灾物资 ⑦honey n．(爱称)亲爱的； 蜂蜜 ⑧otherwise adv.否则，不然； 除此以外 ⑨wash...away 把……冲走 ⑩curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 be curious about对……感到好奇 ⑪in case以防；万一(后接句子) ⑫wave to sb.挥手示意某人 ⑬tell v．分辨出tell A from B 区分A与B ⑭seem v．好像；似乎 ⑮mark n．标记，记号 leave a mark on 给……留下影响 ⑯Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马人 ⑰erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 eruption n．爆发 ⑱unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 ⑲destination n．目的地，终点 ⑳bar n．酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍vt.封；阻挡；阻止 empire n．帝国；大企业 import n．进口产品；输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 export vt.出口，输出 n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 overseas adv.向(在)海外/国外adj.海外的；国外的 above all最重要的是 cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ashy adj.灰色的；覆盖着灰的 roll away 滚动卷页；滚过去，慢移过去 roll vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 n．卷；一管；翻滚 dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 unspeakable fear无法形容的恐惧 shoot from从……中射出 volcano n．火山 unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 break out突然开始，爆发 beneath prep.在……之下；(对某人来说)不够好，不相称；低于，次于 beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 roll towards滚向 throw out扔掉；伸出；说出；突出；否决 ash n．灰；灰烬，废墟 of burning stone燃烧的石头 many a noisy crash许多嘈杂的撞击声 push against推挤；推撞；推 be separated from与……分离 there was no hope of their meeting他们见面没有希望了 pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 column n．柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 remains n．残余物，剩饭菜；古迹，遗迹 remind vt.提醒；使想起 Caught in a flood① (Part Ⅰ) Mary and her parents were downstairs②in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop③for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared④and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was pulling their important documents⑤and disaster supplies⑥into a bag. “Mum，Dad，”said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away！” “No，”said Dad. “It's too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let's just leave! I'm really scared！” cried Mary. “We can't do that, honey⑦，”explained Mum, “otherwise⑧ the moving water could wash the car away⑨！” Mary walked to the door. She was curious⑩ to see how much water there was outside. “Don't open the door! ”shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in！” Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case⑪the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary⑫to sit on the sofa. “Mary, don't worry. Everything's going to be OK, ”she said softly，trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm，but Mary could tell⑬she was worried too. in case引导目的状语从句。 现在分词短语作伴随状语。 Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa，sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed⑭to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do? The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt) Edward Bulwer-Lytton (18031873 ) was a talented British writerwho left his mark⑮on the English language. His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman⑯ city of Pompeii in the year 79, F6when Mount Vesuvius erupted⑰．This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely, but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. Since 1748, Pompeii has been systematically unearthed⑱.Today it is an international tourist destination⑲. who引导定语从句。 when引导定语从句。 Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces，its forum，its wine bars⑳， its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people，you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire .Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all，the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! The awful night rolled slowly away，and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It look the form of a huge tree：the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright，now of a pale and dying red，and now again it burnt with an unbearable light! The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet；beyond in the distance ，they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river；at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashesand huge pieces of burning stone！Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower! Each turned to fly—each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If，in the darkness，wife was separated from husband，or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake... and so ended life in Pompeii. Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand．Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. as if引导方式状语从句，句中使用了省略。 as if引导一个表语从句，句中使用了省略。 本句是一个复合句，that引导一个宾语从句。 被困于洪水之中 (第一部分) 玛丽和她的父母在楼下的客厅里。玛丽透过窗户看着窗外无止境的雨。雨不停地下了三天。她从未见过这么严重的暴风雨。这让她很紧张。风呼啸着，雨打在屋顶上和窗户上。爸爸听着收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈把他们的重要文件和灾难物资装在袋子里。 “妈妈，爸爸，”玛丽突然说，“我想我们应该马上离开这里！” “不，”爸爸说。“太晚了！收音机说城市已经被洪水淹没了。” “我们可以开车穿过洪水！我们走吧！我真的好害怕！”玛丽哭了。 “我们不能那样做，亲爱的，”妈妈解释说，“否则流动的水就会把我们的车冲走！” 玛丽走到门口，她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。 “别开门！ ”妈妈和爸爸同时喊道，“水可能会涌进来！” 爸爸用餐桌抵着门，以防洪水把门冲开了。妈妈向玛丽挥手让她坐在沙发上。“玛丽，别担心。一切都会好起来的，”她轻声地说，尽力地安慰着玛丽。她的声音很平静，但玛丽知道她也很担心。 爸爸一句话也没说，走到沙发前，坐下来拥抱他的妻子和女儿。房子里突然的寂静似乎使外面的风和雨更加可怕。他们能做什么？ 庞贝城的末日 (节选) 爱德华·布尔沃——利顿 (18031873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，他对英语语言有着久远的影响。他的经典小说《庞贝城的末日》想象了79年古罗马城市庞贝的生活，当时维苏威火山爆发。这场可怕的自然灾害彻底摧毁了庞贝，但它也保存了这座古城很多年。自 1748年以来，庞贝一直被系统地发现。今天它是一个国际性的旅游目的地。 庞贝城是典型的罗马城市。在它的小商店里、小宫殿里、广场上、酒吧里、剧院里——在它的人民的精力和技巧上，你看到了整个罗马帝国的典范贸易船把进口货物运到城里，或者把出口货物运到国外，还有给有钱人的金色游船，在港口清澈的水里挤在一起，渔民的船向四面八方迅速移动。最重要的是，维苏威山的云顶出现了。随着云雾飘过，火山忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 可怕的夜晚慢慢地溜走了，黎明灰暗地打破了庞贝的最后一天！人群抬头望去，看到一团巨大的云朵从火山山顶冒出来，吓得说不出话来。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！这烈火每时每刻都在移动，颜色也随之改变：现在它非常明亮，现在是一片苍白和发红的火光，现在又被一束无法忍受的光灼伤了！ 女人的哭声爆发了，男人们互相看着，但保持沉默。那一刻，他们感觉大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。又过了一会儿，山云似乎向他们滚来，像一条河一样，又黑又快；同时，它把灰烬和巨大的燃烧的石头扔出去了！可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。 每个人转身飞奔——每个人都在奔跑，挤着，推着对方。如果在黑暗中，妻子和丈夫分开，或者父母和孩子分开，那么他们就没有再见面的希望了。每个人都盲目地、恐惧地往前赶。所以地震来了……就这样结束了庞贝城的生命。 将近十七个世纪之后庞贝城才从寂静中被挖出来。 它的墙壁是新的，好像是昨天才粉刷过的一样；有着丰富图案的地板上没有一种颜色发生改变。在它的广场上，半成品的柱子就像是出自工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹依然存在，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 Step 1　Read for the structure The Last Days of Pompeii Before the eruption Pompeii was a typical 1.Roman city. In the port, there were trading ships, 2.golden pleasure boats and boats of 3.the fishermen. Above all, the 4.cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. During the eruption A huge cloud in the form of 5. a huge tree shot from the top of the volcano. People 6. ran away hurriedly and blindly. Then came 7.the earthquake．.. and so ended life in Pompeii. After the eruption Nearly seventeen centuries later, the city 8. was unearthed. Its walls were fresh as if just 9. painted. Its columns seemed as if just left by 10. the workman's hand． Step 2　Careful reading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Which destroyed the city of Pompeii completely? A．A terrible flood. B．The eruption of Mount Vesuvius. C．A hurricane. D．A terrible tsunami. 2．We can learn from the second paragraph that ． A．there used to be few shops in Pompeii B．the people in Pompeii used to live poorly C．Pompeii was a busy city before it was buried D．some boats were destroyed in the accident 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．People were ready before the eruption approached. B．Natural disasters destroyed Pompeii within a short time. C．The earthquake broke out, followed by the eruption. D．Some people survived the terrible earthquake. 4．How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius? A．Calm.　　　　　　 B．Frightened. C．Worried. D．Brave. 5．What can we learn from the remains of the city? A．Nobody can conquer natural disasters. B．People's lives are short, so we should value them. C.People shouldn't be afraid of nature. D．Life is so long and we have nothing to worry about. 答案　1～5　BCBBB 1．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 2．unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 3．import n. 进口产品，输入的产品； 输入 vt. 进口，引进 4．export n. 出口产品，输出的产品； 出口，输出 vt. 出口，输出 5．cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 6．ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的 7．volcano n. 火山 8．unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的 9．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例； 模型 10．column n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏； 专栏；队，列 1．unbearable adj.难耐的， 无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vt.忍受n.熊 2．distance n．遥远， 久远； 距离； 差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的；远亲的→distantly adv.冷淡地 3．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharpen vt. & vi(使)……变得锋利→sharply adv.猛烈的→sharpener n．磨具 4．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n．地方；地点→located adj.位于 5．retire vi.& vt. 退休，退职→retirement n．退休 1．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 2．break out突然开始，爆发 3．leave one's mark on 在……留下印记 4．move in all directions 向四面八方移动 5．in the distance 在远处 6．push against the other 推挤对方 1．while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句 Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 2．might have done 结构 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 灰白色的岩石，忽暗忽亮，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 1．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 [教材P23]　She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她好奇地想看看外面有多少水。 be/become curious about ... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 (1)In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. 上中学时，我对电脑很好奇，创建了自己的第一个网站。 (2)The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity. 这封信不是写给我的，但是出于好奇我打开了它。 [即学即用]　一句多译 小孩子对一切事物都很好奇。 ①Little children have curiosity about everything.(curiosity) ②Little children are curious about everything.(curious) 单句语法填空 ③She is curious to know(know) what has happened in her dormitory. ④Curiously (curious) enough，a year later exactly the same thing happened again. ⑤When I first walked into the network world, it is with curiosity (curious). [语境串记]　The boy was curious to know what the bag contained，so out of curiosity，he opened it and saw the things inside，which satisfied his curiosity. 这个男孩想知道包里有什么，所以出于好奇，他打开了它并且看到了里面的东西，这满足了他的好奇心。 2．break out 突然开始，爆发 [教材P26]　The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other，but were silent. 女人的哭声爆发了，男人们面面相觑，沉默不语。 break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离 break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉 break up 解散；粉碎；绝交 break off 断开；停顿；中断；突然终止 break through 有新的重大发现；突破；克服(1)A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately, no one was hurt. 昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。 (2)Later the young man broke away from his family and joined the army. 后来那个年轻人脱离了家庭，去参军了。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①To my disappointment，the car broke down on the way. 让我失望的是，车在半路抛锚了。 ②Don't break in when we are talking. Wait your turn. 当我们在谈话时，不要插嘴。等轮到你的时候(再说)。 ③They broke away from the national labor union and set up their own local organization. 他们脱离了全国工会，自己成立了一个地方组织。 [语境串记]　The poor man was so unlucky. A month ago, some strangers broke into his house and took him onto a truck. He didn't know who they were and where they would go. All the connection with his family was broken off.After some days' drive, the truck suddenly broke down.And he caught the chance to break away from the strangers. 这个可怜的男人很不幸。一个月前，一些陌生人闯进他的家并把他带到一辆卡车上。他不知道他们是谁，他们要带他去哪儿。他和家人的所有联系都被切断了。行驶了几天之后，卡车突然出了故障，他抓住这个机会摆脱了那些陌生人。 3．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 [教材P26]　At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；远处传来屋顶坍塌的声音。 in the distance在远处 from a distance从远处 at a distance (of)在……远的地方；距离稍远 keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡；同……保持距离 keep one's distance from 与……保持距离；疏远…… distant adj.遥远的(1)The old man stood on the top of the tower，looking at the trees in the distance. 老人站在塔顶上，看远处的树。 (2) Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而有助于节约能源。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance． 他们看着火车直到它消失在远处。 ②The temple on that mountain can be seen from a distance of 40 miles. 从距离40英里远的地方都能看到那座山上的寺庙。 一句多译 有人告诫她说，如果她不想受到伤害就离查尔斯远一点。 ③She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn't want to get hurt. ④She was warned to keep Charles at a distance if she didn't want to get hurt. [语境串记]　The poet can see the waterfall in the distance, whose sound can be heard from a distance of two miles, and it looks quite beautiful at a distance. 那位诗人可以看见远处的那道瀑布，在两英里远的地方就可以听见它的声音，并且从远处看它很漂亮。 4．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救 [教材P27]　Making an information folder about rescue methods. 制作一个关于救援方法的信息文件夹。 rescue sb./sth. from...把某人/某物从……中营救出来 come/go to one's rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人(1)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped in the hurricane. 一些救援人员和医生被困在了飓风当中。 (2)When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue. 当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①The soldiers took the trouble to rescue the workers trapped in the mine. 士兵们不辞辛劳地营救了困在矿井里的工人。 ②The young hero rescued ten people from the fire single-handed. 那个少年英雄独自从火中救出十个人。 ③All the people nearby came/went to her rescue when hearing her cry for help. 周围所有的人听到她的呼救声都来营救她。 句式改写 ④The boy who was rescued from the river was my classmate. →The boy rescued from the river was my classmate.(用非谓语动词改写) [语境串记]　A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire. The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire. 昨天那栋楼房发生了火灾，史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来救援，把他们一家人全都从大火中救了出来。 5．[教材P23]　Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 [句式解构]　while在本句中作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为 “在……期间，当……时候”。 while在本句中作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……时候”，while作从属连词还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”； while作并列连词，表示“然而，而”； while作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。(1)She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. 她住在一楼，而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。 (2)On hearing the news，Mary burst into laughter while Lucy burst out crying. 一听到这则消息，玛丽突然大笑起来，而露西则突然大哭起来。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①The child kept cutting in while I was talking with his father． 我和他父亲交谈时，这个孩子一直插嘴。 ②While she was poor, she tried to donate some money to the poor child. 虽然她很穷，但她还是尽量捐一些钱给那个可怜的孩子。 ③The man found a hole while he was traveling in the mountain. 这个人在山中旅行时发现了一个山洞。 6．[教材P25]　Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 灰白色的岩石，忽暗忽亮，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ [句式解构]　本句中的 might have warned 是 might have done 结构，意为：过去可能做了某事。 might have done 过去可能做了某事 其他的类似结构： may have done sth.或许做了某事 should have done sth.过去本该做某事但没有做，其否定式表示“过去本不该做而做了”。 must have done表示“过去一定做了……”，是对过去发生的动作的肯定推测。 might/might not have done可能做过/可能没做过 could have done... (肯定句)表示“本能够做……但没有做……” couldn't have done ...不可能做过 needn't have done...不需要做……但是做了……(1)Our teacher was a little shocked. She might have known the truth. 我们的老师有些震惊，她或许是知道真相了。 (2)You are sleepy. You must have gone to bed late last night. 你在打瞌睡。你昨晚肯定睡得很晚。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①You should have stayed at home last Sunday，but you didn't. 上周日你本该待在家里的，但是你没有。 ②We could have won the match, but we were too careless. 我们本可以赢得比赛，但是我们太粗心了。 ③You needn't have bought so much food，for there's a lot in the fridge. 你本不需要买那么多食物的，因为冰箱里有很多。 1．The central argument is that capitalism sows the seeds of its own destruction (destructive). 2．I saw what was happening, but I was powerless (power) to help. 3．He will need to sharpen (sharp) his diplomatic skills in order to work with Congress. 4．There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant (distance) future. 5．The first thing he looked at was his office's location (locate). 1．You must remind him to take his medicine，in case he forgets． 你必须提醒他吃药，万一他忘了呢？ 2．Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building. 直升机从着火的楼顶救出来了将近二十个人。 3．They hurried to the station，only to find the train had left． 他们匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$