Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P14] 省　略 阅读下面教材中的句子并体会省略的语法特征。 1．— Did you watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday? —①No, I didn't. — You can watch it online②if you want to. 2．I felt worried when watching the documentary. 3．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 4．—I wish we could also do something to help. Got any ideas? —What about making a brochure about environmental problems? —Sounds great! Let's get started after lunch. [自我归纳] 句1中的①、句3和句4属于省略主语、主谓语或主谓语的一部分；句1中的②属于不定式结构中的省略；句2属于状语从句中的省略。 一、语法图解 二、语法突破 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，在不引起误解的情况下，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的。 1．省略主语、主谓语或主谓语的一部分 在一些语境中，句子的主语、主谓语或主谓语的一部分双方都已知，可以省略。在情景交际中，为了避免重复，常常省略句子中相同的某个或某些句子成分。 (You) Be seated，please！请就座！ (I)Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。 [特别提醒] 在并列句中，如果两个分句有重复之处，后面的相同的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语等，都可以省略。 My room is on the first floor and his (is) on the third floor. 我的房间在一楼，他的房间在三楼。 2．不定式结构中的省略 (1)当几个不定式并列时，一般只需在第一个不定式前用to。 I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完我的工作然后回家。 (2)主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to。 What we could do was (to)get away from office. 我们能做的是离开办公室。 (3)dare作行为动词时，否定式可省略to。 We did not dare (to) speak.我们不敢说话。 (4)在 can not but，can not choose but，do nothing but..., can not help but...之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, 或done而且其宾语是 something, nothing, anything 和 everything 等不定代词时，也不带to，否则要带to。 There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。 We do nothing now but wait.＝We have nothing to do but wait. 除了等待，我们什么也做不了。 (5)在 hope, like, love, promise, want, wish, prefer, expect, try，mean，decide，intend, try等词后作宾语的不定式常省略。 —How about coming to my house? 来我家怎么样？ —I'd love to if it doesn't give you too much trouble. 如果不给你添麻烦的话，我愿意去。 You may go if you want to. 如果你想走，你就走。 She can get a job if she hopes to. 如果她希望的话，她能得到一份工作。 (6)在allow, ask, tell等词后作宾语补足语的不定式若在前面已经出现，则保留to，省去后面相同的内容。 Don't close the window until I ask you to. 直到我让你关窗户你才关。 Don't touch the light unless your mother allows you to. 除非你妈妈允许，否则你不要触摸那个灯。 (7)在 be able to，be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。 He didn't want to hand in his composition，but he had to. 他不想交他的作文，但是他又不得不交。 I don't sing much，now，but I used to a lot. 现在我唱歌不多了，但是过去唱得很多。 (8)在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词后作状语的不定式常省略。 —Will you go with me to see the film tonight? 今晚和我一起去看电影吧？ —I'll be glad to. 我非常乐意。 She didn't go out last night, because she was afraid to. 昨天晚上她没出去，因为她害怕。 (9)在 see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词(短语)及使役动词let, make, have后的“宾语＋动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。 They made the workers work more than 16 hours a day. 他们要求工人每天工作16多个小时。 The workers were made to work more than 16 hours a day. 工人们被要求每天工作16多个小时。 [特别提醒] ①当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时， 后面的不定式一般不省略to。 To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。 It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。 ②省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。 —Are you a doctor？你是一个医生吗？ —No，but I used to be.不，但是我过去是。 3．状语从句中的省略 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或主语是it，且谓语含有be动词， 则主语和be动词都可以省略。 She won't come to the party unless (she is) invited. (条件状语从句)除非被邀请，否则她不会来参加聚会的。 I wonder why he didn't do as (he was) told to. (方式状语从句)我在想他为什么没有按照被要求的那样去做。 It is much colder today than (it was)yesterday. (比较状语从句)今天比昨天冷多了。 Though (they were) tired, they went on walking. (让步状语从句)尽管他们很累，但他们还是继续走。 While (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights. (时间状语从句)骑车时，不要忘记红绿灯。 [特别提醒] 由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。 The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。 →[误]The old machine must be checked before used.(动词的-ed形式不可作介词的宾语) →[正]The old machine must be checked before being used. 4．定语从句中的省略 (1)在定语从句中，如果关系词在从句中作宾语，则可以省略。 She is the girl (whom/that) I would like to work with. 她就是那个我想共事的女孩。 This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。 (2)在定语从句中，若先行词是the way，且在从句中作状语，则关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 I don't like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. 我不喜欢你对待那个女孩的方式。 5．名词性从句中的省略 (1)在表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词或名词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。该类词有：suggest, insist, order, require, suggestion, requirement, advice 等。 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 医生建议他减肥。 (2)在宾语从句中，若从句的引导词是that，则可省略 that；如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。 I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon. 我想今天下午天会转晴。 [特别提醒] 若动词后接多个宾语从句，则第一个宾语从句的引导词that可省略，其他的that不可省略。 He insisted (that) he had not done anything wrong and that he should be set free. 他坚持说，他没有做错任何事，并要求被释放。 [对点练]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分。 ①Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.(others后的study) ②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later. (he) ③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn't come to school. (he/she didn't come to school) ④Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.(that) ⑤She didn't go to school yesterday. I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday. (she didn't go to school yesterday) ⑥Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(which) ⑦Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. (that) Usage要点拾遗 1．come up with想出，想到 [教材P6]　All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们都就如何解决这些问题想出了一些有创意的想法。 come to 达到(标准等)；比得上 come about 发生 come across 偶遇 come to 达到；苏醒；共计 come over 走过来；顺便来访 come out 出现；出版；开花 [名师点津]　come up表示“被提出，被谈到”时，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态； come up with意为“提出”，其主语一般是人，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案”等的名词。 (1)In order to finish the task on time, many pieces of good advice came up at the meeting. 为了按时完成任务，在会议上许多好的建议被提了出来。 (2)She came up with a few tips on healthy eating at the meeting. 她在会议上就健康饮食提出了一些建议。 [即学即用]　写出下列句中come up的含义 ①A foreigner came up to me and asked me the way to the railway station.走近 ②Your name came up once or twice when I was talking with our teachers.被提出 ③My dad's birthday is coming up，but I don't know what to give him.即将到来 ④It will be so great to watch the moon come up.升起 单句语法填空 ⑤I don't know how the accident came about that night. ⑥I came across this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday. 2．[教材P6]　I felt worried when watching the documentary. 我看纪录片时感到担忧。 [句式解构]　本句是一个复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中采用了省略。 状语从句的省略条件： (1)当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略； (2)如果从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词时，也可以将it和be动词一起省略。 (1)While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. 我们爬山时，可以享受温暖的阳光，欣赏美丽的风景。 (2)Unless necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary when reading the story. 除非有必要，你最好不要在读这个故事的时候查词典。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ① If interested (interest) in the Chinese folk art，you can e-mail me. ② If accepted (accept), I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture. ③She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately. 单句写作 ④过马路的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。(省略) While crossing the road，you can't be too careful． ⑤当被问到我为什么迟到时，我什么都没有说。(省略) When asked why I was late，I didn't say anything． 1．The first country singers sang while they were playing the guitar. The first country singers sang while playing the guitar． 2．Because it has been written carelessly，your composition is full of mistakes. Because written carelessly, your composition is full of mistakes． 3．My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn't want to go to college. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn't want to． 4．The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to． 5．The painter painted one side of the door white and painted the other side yellow. The painter painted one side of the door white and the other side yellow． Ⅱ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．—Will Mr Brown come, too? —Yes. He promised to, but he hasn't turned up yet. 2．Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her. (cry) 3．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not handled(handle) properly, may lead to spreading diseases. 4．When faced (face) with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them. 5．—Are you a teacher? —No, but I used to be． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$