Unit 3 Period 4 Developing ideas-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册作业与测评课件PPT（外研版2019）

WELCOME UNIT Unit 3　The world of science Period 4　Developing ideas 课时作业（四） 小精读 课时作业（五） 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 3 课时作业（四） Ⅰ　阅读 According to a recent report, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 million tons were recycled. Worldwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled. The statistics (统计数字) are even worse for certain types of plastic. For example, out of 80，000 tons of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) containers produced in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5，000 tons) was recycled. 课时作业（四） Now, researchers at The University of Queensland have found a species of worm with a taste for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling. The superworm can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme in their gut. To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up 135 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran, another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing. “We found the bran­fed worms have been significantly healthier than the plastic­fed or hungry worms, more than doubling their weight over the three weeks they have been observed. Though the plastic­fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the hungry worms，” Dr Rinke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from plastics, most likely with the help of their gut microbes (微生物)．” 课时作业（四） Researchers used a technique called metagenomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to reduce polystyrene. The long­term goal is to engineer enzymes to reduce plastic waste in recycling plants. “Superworms are like mini recycling plants, eating the polystyrene and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut，” Dr Rinke said. It's hoped this bio­upcycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills. Researchers said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to reduce polystyrene. Then they can look into how to improve this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种对聚苯乙烯有食欲的蠕虫可能是塑料回收的关键。 课时作业（四） 1．What problem do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate? A．Landfills are poorly managed. B．Plastics are recycled at a very low rate. C．Many plastic containers are of poor quality. D．It takes a long time for plastic waste to break up. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent report ... being recycled.(根据最近的一份报告，仅在美国，2018年就有2，700万吨塑料进入垃圾填埋场，但只有310万吨被回收利用。世界范围内的数据同样糟糕，只有9%的塑料被回收利用。)”可推知，第一段中列出的数据是为了说明塑料回收率很低。故选B。 课时作业（四） 2．How do researchers conduct the study on superworms? A．By collecting data. B．By making a comparison. C．By introducing a concept. D．By referring to a previous study. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To study how ... was given nothing.(为了研究超级蠕虫对纯塑料食物的反应，研究人员将135只超级蠕虫分成三组：一组只喂麦麸，另一组只喂塑料，第三组什么都不喂。)”可推知，研究人员通过分组对比对超级蠕虫进行研究。故选B。 课时作业（四） 3．What can we infer from Dr Rinke's words? A．Plastic­fed worms had a decline in weight. B．Superworms showed little interest in wheat bran. C．Superworms could survive on only eating polystyrene. D．Bran­fed worms had a longer lifespan than plastic­fed worms. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Though the plastic­fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the hungry worms (虽然塑料喂养的蠕虫没有那么明显的增长，但它们仍然比饥饿的蠕虫增加了更多的体重)”可推知，超级蠕虫只靠吃聚苯乙烯就能存活。故选C。 课时作业（四） 4．What do researchers plan to do? A．Conduct experiments on other worm species. B．Improve gut bacteria's ability to reduce plastics. C．Apply the bio­upcycling technology to recycling plants. D．Raise superworms in a big way to solve plastic pollution. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's hoped this bio­upcycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills.(人们希望这种生物升级能促进塑料垃圾的回收利用，减少垃圾填埋场。)”及“Then they can look into how to improve this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant.(然后，他们可以研究如何将这一过程提高到整个回收厂所需的水平。)”可推知，研究者们打算将生物循环技术应用于回收工厂。故选C。 课时作业（四） Ⅱ　七选五 Researchers from Harvard University's Wyss Institute have made “robotic shorts” that can help people use less energy when they walk or run. __1__. A motor on the user's back pulls cables connected to the laps. In the past, such devices have focused only on helping people walk or run, but not both, since walking and running use different hip (臀部) movements. But a computer on the shorts can tell which way the user is moving, __2__． The researchers found that the main benefit of the shorts was reducing the energy people needed to walk or run. In tests, the energy needed for walking was reduced by 9.3 percent. __3__. Less energy was needed both on flat ground and on hills. 课时作业（四） The researchers said that while the shorts weigh about 5 kilograms, moving with them makes users feel lighter. The tests showed that a person walking with the device would feel 4 kilograms lighter, __4__． The team now also wants to make the device itself 40 percent lighter. They hope the shorts can help people in danger of injury at work and those who want to improve their physical performance, __5__. Conor Walsh, who helped lead the study, says he hopes such devices will be available to everyone in the future. 课时作业（四） A．as well as those with disabilities B．Are you eager to possess such kind of shorts C．and someone running would feel 5.7 kilograms lighter D．For running, people needed about 4 percent less energy E．but those excellent athletes are also able to benefit from running F．The shorts are made of soft material and are designed to be easy to move in G．allowing the device to provide the right kind of assistance for both movements 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了哈佛大学威斯研究所的研究人员已经制造出了“机器人短裤”，可以帮助人们在走路或跑步时消耗更少的能量。文章介绍了这种短裤的优点和适用人群。 课时作业（四） 解析：根据上文“Researchers from Harvard University's Wyss Institute ... they walk or run.(哈佛大学威斯研究所的研究人员已经制造出了‘机器人短裤’，可以帮助人们在走路或跑步时消耗更少的能量。)”可知，F项(短裤是由柔软的材料制成的，设计得很容易移动)承接上文，说明短裤的制作情况。故选F。 1.答案：F 解析：根据上文“In the past ... the user is moving”可知，上文提到过去这种设备不能同时帮助人们走路和跑步，But表示转折，说明如今这种短裤可以为两种运动提供适当的辅助，G项(允许设备为两种运动提供适当的辅助)符合语境。故选G。 2.答案：G 课时作业（四） 解析：根据上文“The researchers found ... by 9.3 percent.(研究人员发现，短裤的主要好处是减少了人们走路或跑步所需的能量。在测试中，行走所需的能量减少了9.3%。)”可知，下文应介绍短裤对于跑步的好处，D项(对于跑步，人们需要的能量减少了4%)符合语境。故选D。 3.答案：D 课时作业（四） 解析：根据上文“The researchers said ... 4 kilograms lighter(研究人员表示，虽然短裤重约5公斤，但穿着它运动会让使用者感觉更轻。测试表明，佩戴该设备行走的人会感觉轻了4公斤)”可知，C项(跑步的人会感觉轻了5.7公斤)承接上文，继续说明使用短裤的人感觉重量轻的情况。 故选C。 4.答案：C 解析：根据上文“They hope the shorts ... their physical performance(他们希望这种短裤可以帮助那些在工作中有受伤危险的人，以及那些想要提高身体表现的人)”可知，本句主要是在说明短裤的适用人群，A项(还有残疾人)符合语境。故选A。 4.答案：A 课时作业（四） 小精读 “I will never forget you，” Meryl said to his pet dog with tears rolling down his cheek (脸颊). With his head leaning to one side, Thone watched his master, “Woof, woof! Woof, woof！” He wagged his tail back and forth, seeming to understand what Meryl was talking about. “I can't take care of myself anymore, let alone take care of you，” Meryl cleared his throat. “Soon, I'll move to an old people's home, and I'm sorry to say that you can't come along. They don't allow dogs there, you know.” “Don't worry, my friend. I'll find a nice new home for you. I've known the owners of the new home, and they like dogs very much，” Meryl added. “With your good looks, we'll have no trouble at all. Anyone will be proud to own such a fine dog.” 小精读 18 Thone wagged his tail really hard and walked proudly up and down the kitchen floor. For a moment, the familiar delicious food gave him a feeling of happiness. But then a sense of fear struck again. Thone's tail hung between his legs and he stood very still. “Come here.” With great difficulty, Meryl knelt down on the floor and lovingly pulled Thone close to him. He tied a ribbon (丝带) around the dog's neck with a huge red bow, and then he attached a note to it, which said “Happy New Year! My name is Thone. For breakfast, I like bacon and eggs—even corn will do. For dinner, I prefer mashed potatoes and some meat. That's all. I eat just two meals a day. In return, I will be your most loyal friend.” 小精读 19 “Woof, woof! Woof, woof！” Thone was confused and his eyes begged. The old Meryl blew his nose into his handkerchief once more. Later, hanging on to a chair, he pulled himself up from the floor. He buttoned his overcoat, reached for the dog's leash (皮带) and softly said, “Come here, my friend.” He opened the door against a wave of cold air and stepped outside, pulling the dog behind. As they were walking in the empty street, dusk was beginning to fall. 小精读 20 After a very long time, they stopped before a large house with tall trees in its front. An idea came to Meryl. He gave up the original plan and tied Thone to the tree, giving him the usual delicious food. The moment Thone was busy enjoying his dinner, Meryl ran away, hid behind a tree and looked at him with watery eyes. Minutes later, Thone looked back but couldn't find his owner “Woof, woof! Woof, woof！” Then the door opened and a young lady came out with a little boy following her. 小精读 21 Through teary eyes, the old Meryl watched from behind the tree as the boy's mother took the note. After reading the note, the lady raised and looked around but couldn't find anyone, so she gently took Thone into her house as if saying something kind to him. Seeing this, the old Meryl wiped his eyes with the cold sleeve of his coat with a big smile. Then he disappeared into the night, whispering, “Goodbye, my dear friend. This will be a nice home for you.” 小精读 22 突然想到；猛地意识到；撞击；碰撞；罢工 用纽扣扣住 纽扣，扣子；按钮 来来回回 更不用说 小精读 23 He wagged his tail back and forth, seeming to understand what Meryl was talking about. seeming to是现在分词短语作__________，what引导_______从句。 伴随状语 宾语 小精读 24 第一步： ____________________________________________________________________ 第二步： ____________________________________________________________________ 第三步： ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Meryl(梅丽尔)因为要前往老人院不得不离开爱犬，离开前为爱犬寻找新主人。 Meryl改变原计划，将爱犬留在一户人家前并暗中观察。 Meryl看见大房子里出来的母子二人善良地对待自己的爱犬，放心地离开。 宠物是人类忠实的朋友，要善待它们，对它们负责。 小精读 25 课时作业(五) Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct ____________ (程序) in applying for a visa. 2．How are ___________ (闪电) and thunder produced? 3．Is it possible to separate truth from ________ (虚构的事)? 4．An apple falls down because of ________ (重力). 5．He gave a detailed ________ (描述) of what happened on the fateful night. procedure lightning fiction gravity account 课时作业(五) 27 6．Many people do not like the idea of e_____________ on animals. 7．There was a f________ of light in the distance. 8．Let me d________ a letter and I'll show it to you before I send it. 9．The m________ is then carefully examined to ensure there are no cracks. 10．Water c________ heat faster than air. xperiments lash raft etal onducts 课时作业(五) 28 Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．This is an __________ (entire) computer－operated system which is very user－friendly. 2．The opening speech sounded more like a ___________ (declare) of war. 3．It's not a __________ (science) way to test their opinions. 4．We will be exploring different approaches to _________ (gather) information. 5．He, along with scores of other advertising managers, ___________ (take) part in an exhibition recently. entirely declaration scientific gathering has taken 课时作业(五) 29 Ⅲ　单句表达 1．这块石头由于重力作用而滚下山。 The stone rolled down the mountain ________________． 2．别忘了在申请表上贴一张近照。 Don't forget to ________ a recent photograph________ your application form. by gravity attach to 课时作业(五) 30 3．没有证据证明那把刀属于她。 ________________ that the knife belongs to her. 4．除了主人，那儿的人我一个都不认识。 ______________ the host, I didn't know a single person there. 5．一些成员提出了他们自己的建议。 Several of the members ____________________________ of their own. There is no proof Apart from came up with suggestions 课时作业(五) 31 Ⅳ　阅读 Growing up on a remote Michigan farm, Henry Ford knew little of all this—but he soon showed his interest more in the industrial future than in the agricultural past. His father, William, hoped his eldest son would join him on the farm, and finally take it over. But Henry hated farm work and did everything he could to avoid it. It was not that he was lazy but that the repetitive (日复一日的) daily life of the farm upset him. If given a mechanical (机械的) job to do, he would set to work eagerly. When he was twelve, he became almost uncontrollably interested in clocks and watches. Soon he was repairing clocks and watches for friends. 课时作业(五) 32 In 1876, his wife died in childbirth. Henry suffered a blow and decided to get away from the farm as soon as he could. Three years later, he worked as a mechanic in Detroit. One day in 1877, when he first saw a steam­driven locomotive (蒸汽机车), Henry went to the locomotive driver and asked him plenty of questions about the engine's performance. From then on, Henry became crazy about steam engines. Later, with the help of an old co­worker, Henry got an engineer position at the Edison Detroit Electricity Company. Although Henry quickly became chief engineer at the Detroit power factory, his interest in fuel engines dominated his life. He spent his most spare time trying to build an engine to his own design. 课时作业(五) 33 Henry went through the hard way to build an engine by hand from the beginning. It was two years before he had succeeded in building a working car. It was unattractive­looking on bicycle wheels and driven by a rubber belt (橡胶带) that connected the engine. Henry called it the “Quadricycle”. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Henry Ford (亨利·福特)的个人经历以及发明汽车的经过。 课时作业(五) 34 1．Why did Henry hate the farm work? A．The farm work was complex. B．The farm work was too much. C．The farm work was too boring. D．The farm work was traditional. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was not ... of the farm upset him.(倒不是他懒惰，而是农场里重复的日常生活使他心烦意乱。)”可知，Henry讨厌干农活是因为干农活太无聊了。故选C。 课时作业(五) 2．What does the underlined word “dominated” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Gave up. B．Broke down. C．Took up. D．Cut down. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“He spent his most spare time trying to build an engine to his own design.(他把大部分业余时间都用来制造一台自己设计的发动机。)”可知，他的大部分业余时间都被制造发动机占据了，所以画线词意为“占据”。故选C。 课时作业(五) 3．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Henry's dream to be a successful engineer. B．Henry's hard journey to build his working car. C．Henry's family background to get an engineer job. D．Henry's efforts to learn the agriculture knowledge. 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，Henry在妻子去世后离开了农场，成为一名机械师，后来又成为工程师，最终发明出可以工作的汽车，由此可知，第二段的主要内容是Henry建造他的工作车的艰难旅程。故选B。 课时作业(五) 4．Which word can best describe Henry? A．Generous. B．Humourous. C．Open­minded. D．Strong­willed. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He spent his most spare time ... a working car.(他把大部分业余时间都用来制造一台自己设计的发动机。亨利从一开始就经历了手工制造发动机的艰难过程。过了两年他才成功地造出了一辆可以工作的汽车。)”可推知，Henry意志力坚定。故选D。 课时作业(五) Ⅴ　七选五 Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone? __1__. These days, many people suffer from the stress of FOMO (fear of missing out). They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning, and for the rest of the day. Despite the convenience smartphones bring, many people struggle with their digital habits. __2__. This is why Google introduced an app called Dashboard for the new version of its Android operating system. This new app includes well­being functions that aim to help users manage the time they spend on their digital devices. __3__. Then users can look at all the details of their phone habits. After that, they'll be able to make some changes. With the App Timer function, users can set a time limit for how long they can use each app for every day. __4__. 课时作业(五) 39 But it is unavoidable that users are still likely to be drawn in by notifications (通知). This is where the Shush feature comes in. It automatically (自动地) silences them when users put their phone face down. __5__. After all, who needs to use an app to stop you from using other apps when the easiest answer would be just to use your willpower? 课时作业(五) 40 A．If yes, you're not alone B．It starts with a bird's­eye view at first C．You may have some acceptable reasons D．Spending too much time using apps is not a meaningful way E．This new function is just one way of reducing the stress of FOMO F．70 percent of them don't want to spend so much time on their phones G．After hitting the limit, they won't be able to launch the app until the next day 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。手机的使用不仅给我们带来便利，也让很多手机用户沉迷玩手机而难以自拔。新软件的开发和使用能够帮助手机用户管理自身的手机使用，但问题的实质还是应该靠自己的意志力。 课时作业(五) 41 解析：根据后文“This is why ... its Android operating system.(这就是为什么谷歌为其新版安卓操作系统推出了一款名为Dashboard的应用程序。)”可知，F项(70%的人不想花太多时间在手机上)与后文构成因果关系。故选F。 1．答案：A 解析：根据前文“Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone？(你觉得放下手机很难吗？)”可知，A项(如果是，你并不孤单)回答了前文提出的问题。故选A。 2．答案：F 课时作业(五) 解析：根据后文“Then users can look at all the details of their phone habits.(然后用户就可以查看他们使用手机习惯的所有细节。)”可知，此处中的Then表示承接，设空处应该指出首先应该如何。B项(它首先从鸟瞰开始)符合语境，选项中的at first与后文的Then构成顺序关系。故选B。 3．答案：B　 课时作业(五) 解析：根据前文“It automatically (自动地) silences them when users put their phone face down.(当用户把手机正面朝下时，它会自动静音。)”可知，E项(这项新功能只是减轻“害怕错过”压力的一种方式)承接前文。故选E。 4．答案：G 解析：根据前文“With the App Timer function ... for every day.(通过App Timer功能，用户可以设置每天使用每个应用程序的时间限制。)”可知，G项(在达到上限后，他们将无法启动应用程序，直到第二天)中的the limit与前文中的a time limit形成呼应，指出时间限定的结果。故选G。 5．答案：E 课时作业(五) Ⅵ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I always thought of myself as having a “rubber stomach”. I can put anything in it, and the stomach will digest it without giving me any trouble. In fact, I don't remember having had an upset stomach since I was five years old. However, all of this changed one summer day after a meal in a seafood restaurant. 课时作业(五) 45 It was 3 o'clock in the morning when my dreams were interrupted by an aching pain in my stomach. I rushed out of bed and headed straight for the washroom. After a few minutes, I returned to bed, but before I was able to fall asleep again, another pain hit. I ran to the washroom again. This happened again and again. It was like that all night. By 6 o'clock in the morning, I could barely stand up. I decided I'd better head to the hospital. The doctor at the emergency room was a young lady. She took a good look at me and then started pressing down on different spots of my stomach. As she pressed, she asked if I felt any pain. I did, but I wasn't sure where the pain was. She asked me to take some blood tests. Soon she got the test results. My blood tests suggested that I had an infection (感染). Then she advised me to take four bottles of intravenous drip (静脉注射)． 课时作业(五) 46 After lying in a hospital bed for half a day, I went home, hoping to get better soon, but I was not feeling any better. I hadn't eaten anything for a full day. And I couldn't even fall asleep anymore. Not only did I still feel very weak, but my arms and legs began to hurt as well. In fact, I even started having trouble breathing. What should I do? 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课时作业(五) 47 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一次，作者吃完海鲜后出现了严重的胃痛，最终去医院治疗。然而，治疗后作者的症状并没有改善。作者去找姑姑的一位医生朋友，作者得到治疗了吗？面汤会起作用吗？ I suddenly remembered that my aunt's friend was a doctor. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ To be honest, I didn't believe that some noodle soup could make any difference. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 课时作业(五) 48 [精彩范文] I suddenly remembered that my aunt's friend was a doctor. I called my aunt, and she suggested that I see her doctor friend. Like the previous one, this doctor asked me some questions about my illness. To my surprise, he didn't do any further testing. Instead, he told me that there was nothing wrong with my body. I just needed to have a good rest and have some food. He advised me to go home and have some noodle soup and promised I would be all right the next morning. 课时作业(五) To be honest, I didn't believe that some noodle soup could make any difference. But I decided to have a try. That evening, after having an entire pot of noodle soup, I went to bed early, hoping for the best but expecting the worst. When I woke up, just as the second doctor had said, I was entirely healthy again! I shook my arms and legs, walked back and forth, and jumped up and down. No problems. All my discomfort had disappeared! It is really amazing what a good pot of noodle soup can do. 课时作业(五) R $$