Unit 1 Art Reading and Thinking 语言点导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

语言点 Reading and Thinking Page2, 3 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page2指课本第2页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Para1, Line1, Page2 What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. 什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。 (1)precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 准确的；精确的；确切的； (2)precisely adv. 准确地；精确地；的确如此 例句 More than a week ago, Thursday evening to be precise, Susanne was at her evening class... 一个多星期以前，确切地说是周四晚上，苏珊在夜校上课。 Nobody knows precisely how many people are still living in the camp. 没有人准确地知道有多少人还生活在那个营地。 完成句子 ①The measurements must be taken . 这些测量必须精确地进行。 ②It was at that moment that I realized my mistake. 正是在那一刻，我意识到自己的错误。 Keys:①precisely ②precisely Para2, Line2, Page2 Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. 因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。 realistic adj. 现实的；逼真的 例句 We try to make these training courses as realistic as possible. 我们努力使这些训练课程尽可能地贴近实际情况。 The movie's special effects were incredibly realistic. 这部电影的特效非常逼真。 You need to be more realistic about your career plans. 你需要对你的职业规划更现实一些。 思维拓展 real adj. 真实的；真正的；实际存在的 realism n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风 realist n. 现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者 realistically adv. 现实地； 实际地； 逼真地 realise v. 实现；了解，认识到 realisation n. 认识，领会； 实现 完成句子 ①The novel is praised for its portrayal of urban life. 这部小说因其对城市生活的写实描绘而受到赞誉。 ②His sculptures are known for their details. 他的雕塑以其逼真的细节而闻名。 Keys: ①realistic ②realistic Para2, Line6, Page2 While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.他的画虽然仍然有宗教主题, 但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。 while引导的让步状语从句 句式点拨 while引导的让步状语从句常置于句首,while的意思相当于although/though,意为“虽然,尽管”。 此外,while还可以引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时”,或用作并列连词,表示前后分句的对比、转折,意为“而……”。 归纳拓展 让步状语从句的其他表达: (1)though/although表示“虽然, 纵然”之意; (2)even if, even though 表示“即使……”, “纵使……”之意; (3)whether…or…/or not表示“不管是……还是……”之意; (4)“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”表示“不管……都……” 之意; (5)as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现, 被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。 如: Angry as he was, he couldn’t help smiling. 尽管他很生气, 他还是忍不住笑了。 单句填空 ①[2023·北京卷] Picking up a new habit takes a few week,　　　　 building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.  ②We will go on with the work, 　　　　　　　　we can find the necessary tools or not.  Keys:1.①while　②whether　 完成句子/句式改写 ③ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we will not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot.  当我们参观这个展览时,我们不仅会欣赏到民间艺术作品,还会学到很多东西。(应用文写作活动描写) ④ 　　　　　　　　　　,they got along quite well in the summer camp.   学生们尽管来自不同的国家,但是他们在夏令营中相处得很融洽。 ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　, they managed to accomplish it in time.  →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, they managed to accomplish it in time. (用as倒装句改写)  虽然这个任务很难,他们还是设法按时完成了它。 Keys:③While (we are) visiting this exhibition　④While the students came from different countries ⑤Although/While/Even though the task was difficult; Difficult as the task was Para2, Line7, Page2 In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。 in particular　尤其;特别 (1)particular adj.　特别的;特定的;格外的 be particular about… 对……讲究、挑剔 (2)particularly(=in particular) adv. 特别,尤其;特别地;明确地 单句填空 ①He is very particular　　　　 the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.  ②[2023·浙江1月考] The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. In the summer　　　　particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.  ③[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] In India, 　　　　(particular) outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.  Keys:①about　②in　③particularly　 完成句子/句式改写 ④As a Chinese 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I would like to introduce my favourite city—Beijing to you. 作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人,我想向大家介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。(应用文写作之发言稿) ⑤Mrs Green 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her housework that few servants want to work for her.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her housework that few servants want to work for her. (用倒装句)  格林太太对家务活太挑剔了,以至于几乎没有佣人想给她干活。 Keys:④who is interested in travelling in particular/who is particularly interested in travelling ⑤is so particular about;So particular is Mrs Green about Para2, Line7, Page2 In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而有别于其他绘画作品。 set…apart from　使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… set about doing sth　开始做某事 set out to do sth 开始做某事 set aside 放在一边;节省或保留(钱或时间);暂时不考虑 set down 写下;记下 set off 出发;引发;引爆 (炸弹); 触发 (警报) set up 建立;设立;搭起 用set短语的适当形式填空 ①He had a particular voice, which 　　　　him 　　　　　　　　others in our small town.  ②I sincerely hope you can 　　　　　　　　some time for our English speech contest and be a judge.  ③[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to 　　　　a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).  ④To make his fortune abroad, he 　　　　　　　making the necessary preparations.  ⑤As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to　　　　 firecrackers.   Keys:2.①set; apart from　②set aside　③set up　④sets about ⑤set off　 完成句子/一句多译 ⑥I’m convinced that my strong passion for work and constant pursuit of excellence 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  我相信我强烈的工作热情与精益求精的工作态度会让我脱颖而出。(应用文写作之申请信) ⑦他与大多数工程师的不同之处在于他不断地渴望创新和实验。 → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is his constant desire to innovate and experiment.(set apart from)  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is his constant desire to innovate and experiment.(distinguish)  Keys:⑥set me apart from the rest　⑦What sets him apart from most engineers; What distinguishes him from most engineers Para3, Line2, Page2 They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。 humanistic/.hju:ma'nistik/adj. 人文主义的 例句 Her humanistic spirit inspires me to care for everything around, even the most trivial one. 她的人文精神激励着我去关心周围的一切，甚至是最微不足道的一个。 The novel explores humanistic values such as love, compassion, and justice. 这部小说探讨了爱、同情和正义等人文主义价值观。 The university offers a humanistic curriculum that includes literature, philosophy, and history. 这所大学提供包括文学、哲学和历史在内的人文主义课程。 思维拓展 humanistic qualities 人文素质 human n. 人, 人类 adj.人的 human being 人; 人类 humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ n.人性;人道;(统称)人类；仁慈 完成句子 ①A approach to education focuses on the development of the whole person. 人文主义的教育方法注重全面发展。 ②The doctor's care made a big difference in the patient's recovery. 医生的人道关怀对患者的康复起到了很大的作用。 ③Throughout history, has faced many challenges, but we have always found ways to overcome them. 在历史上，人类面临了许多挑战，但我们总能找到克服它们的方法。 Keys: ①humanistic ②humanistic ③humanity Para3, Line5, Page2 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519), Michelangelo (1475—1564), and Raphael (1483—1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 一些颇具影响力的画家, 例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年—1519年)、米开朗琪罗(1475年—1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年—1520年), 在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展, 创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 influential　adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的 (1)be influential in　在某方面有影响 (2)influence n. 影响, 作用;有影响的人(或物) v. 影响 have an influence/impact/effect on/upon对……有影响 under one’s influence(=under the influence of) 受……的影响 单句填空 ①To test the effect of social influence　　　　 eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.  ②We invite 　　　　　(influence) people in different fields to share their thoughts with us each week.  ③So powerful are advertisements that no one can avoid 　　　　　　　　　　　　(influence) by them in modern society.  Keys:3.①on/upon　②influential　③being influenced　 完成句子/一句多译 ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　me. So he is the person I respect most.  在我物理老师的影响下,我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说,我的物理老师是我的榜样,他对我的影响极大。因此,他是我最尊敬的人。(应用文写作之人物描写) ⑤这位年轻的艺术家在父亲的影响下,从大自然中汲取灵感,形成了自己独特的艺术风格。 →The young artist, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 his father, drew the inspiration from nature and formed his unique artistic style.(influence n.)   →The young artist, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, drew the inspiration from nature and formed his unique artistic style.(influence vt.)   Keys:④Under my physics teacher’s influence/Under the influence of my physics teacher; has a great influence on/upon　⑤under the influence of; (who was) influenced by his father Para5, Line3, Page2 Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.国王、贵族和地位高的人想要购买画有他们自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。 rank　n. 地位;级别;行列 vt. & vi.把……分等级;使排成行 (1)social rank　　　社会等级 of high rank 级别高的;地位高的 (2)rank among 跻身于……;属于……之列 rank (sth) as… (把某事物)评为/列为…… rank/be ranked first/second…排名第一/第二…… 单句填空 ①Today’s match ranks 　　　　one of the most exciting games that these two have ever played.  ②Toronto is the largest city in Canada, 　　　　(rank) among the most multicultural cities in the world.  Keys:4.①as/among　②ranking　 完成句子 ③[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] To my surprise, when I learned that my essay 　　　　　　　　 in the contest, a mix of excitement and doubt washed over me.  令我吃惊的是,当我得知我的作品在比赛中排名第一时,兴奋和怀疑的情绪涌上心头。 ④The teacher is paying particular attention to Mary, who is constantly putting forward questions in class in order to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  老师特别关注玛丽,她经常在课堂上提出问题,以便跻身于最好的学生之列。 Keys:③had (been) ranked first ④rank among the best pupils Para5, Line3, Page2 Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 国王、贵族和地位高的人想要购买画有他们自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。 purchase　vt. (to buy something)购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西 (1)purchase sth for…　花(多少钱)购得某物 (2)make a purchase 采购 a good purchase/bargain 便宜货 for the purchase of… 为了购买…… (3)purchaser n. 买方;购买人 单句填空 ①The group is the second largest 　　　　(purchase) of fresh fruit in the US.  ②I bought a second-hand computer for only 20 dollars in a sale; it was really　　　　good purchase.  ③The prices of goods, 　　　　　　　(purchase) from the Internet, can be lower than those from commercial stores.  Keys:①purchaser　②a　③purchased　 完成句子 ④She ran quickly to the store, her heart pounding with excitement, 　　 　　　　she had been eyeing for weeks. 她快速地跑向商店,兴奋得心跳加速,渴望购买她几周以来一直在盯着的新裙子。 (读后续写之心理描写) ⑤The first time they went abroad, the tourists were so curious about everything that they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 many goods, which made it difficult to control the budget.  游客们第一次出国时会对一切充满好奇心以至于禁不住会买很多东西,这样一来就很难控制预算了。 Keys:④eager to purchase the new dress　⑤couldn’t help purchasing Para6, Line7, Page3 From this, Impressionism emerged in France. 由此,印象主义在法国出现。 emerge　vi. & vt.出现;浮现;暴露 (1)emerge from　从……出现/浮现/露出 (2)emerging adj. 新兴的;发展初期的 (3)emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头 with the emergence of 随着……的出现/涌现 (4)emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件 in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况 单句填空 ①[2023·北京卷] 　　　　　　(emerge) research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.  ②The annual competition has encouraged the 　　　　　(emerge)of several talented young musicians.  ③The collapse was disastrous, requiring the 　　　　　　　(emerge) medical team and good teamwork.  Keys:①Emerging　②emergence　③emergency　 ◆完成句子/一句多译 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. A flood of sympathy and sadness   　.  我们挨着坐下,但大卫不愿看我。一股同情和悲伤的情绪从我心底油然而生。(读后续写之心理描写) ⑤随着移动互联网的出现,手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。 → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, shopping on the phone has gradually become a trend. (emergence)   → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　, shopping on the phone has gradually become a trend.(emerge)   Keys:④emerged from the bottom of my heart　⑤With the emergence of the mobile Internet; With the mobile Internet emerging/As the mobile Internet is emerging Para6, Line10, Page3 In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品中, 莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动——即场景给他的主观印象, 而不是对场景本身的详细记录。 convey　vt.传达,表达;运送 convey sth to sb　向某人传达某事 convey sth/sb to someplace 把某物/某人送到某地 convey sth from…to… 把某物从……运送到…… convey one’s feelings/meanings 表达某人的感情/意思 单句填空 ①She realized that Johnson was trying to convey　　　　 her that he was lonely.  ②During battle, messages 　　　　　　　　　　(convey) by the carrier pigeon got through more often than those sent by plane.  ③You may rely on it that your baggage will 　　　　　　　　(convey) from the airport to your hotel.  Keys:①to　②conveyed　③be conveyed　 完成句子 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] No more words could 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. It was he who made me realize nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 再多的话也无法表达我对他的感激之情。正是他让我意识到,对于一颗愿意付出的心来说,没有什么是不可能的。 ⑤[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] It seemed almost as if the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  那只鸟似乎在等着我,它那圆溜溜的眼睛紧紧地盯着我,似乎想表达某种深深的、不言而喻的感激之情。 Keys:④convey my gratitude to him　⑤trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude Para6, Line11, Page3 In this work, Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是场景本身的详细记录。 subjective adj. 主观的 例句 A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观。 Everyone’s opinion is bound to be subjective. 每个人的意见都必定是主观的。 While science aims to be objective, art is often subjective. 科学追求客观性，而艺术往往是主观的。 思维拓展 subjectively adv. 主观地 objective adj. 客观的 objectively adv. 客观地 完成句子 ①His opinion on the matter is purely and not based on any concrete evidence. 他对这件事的看法完全是主观的，没有任何确凿的证据支持。 ②The study of consciousness is inherently because it involves personal experiences. 意识的研究本质上是主观的，因为它涉及个人的体验。 ③We need to (objective) assess the situation before making a decision. 我们需要客观地评估情况，然后再做决定。 Keys: ①subjective ②subjective ③objectively Para7, Line3, Page3 He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 他力求既表现出绘画对象的外在形象,又展现其内在的温暖和人性。 not just…but…as well不仅……, 而且…… 句式点拨 句中的not just…but…as well表示“不仅……, 而且……”, 相当于not only…but (also)…, 用来连接两个并列的句子成分。当连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词必须与就近的主语的人称和数保持一致。 归纳拓展 适用于就近原则的结构:not…but…;either…or…; neither…nor…;not only…but also…;…or…等。 单句填空 ①[2023·全国乙卷] If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,　　　　the objects.  ②Since the earthquake occurred, not just the doctor but her workmates as well 　　　　　　　　(engage) in saving the injured round the clock.  ③Either you or the headmaster　　　　(be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.  Keys:2.①but　②have been engaged　③is　 完成句子 ④What benefits me most is your selfless guidance on my English pronunciation, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but boosts my confidence to face up to the challenge as well.  最让我受益的是您对我英语发音的无私指导,这不仅让我有了流利表达自己的能力,也让我有了敢于面对挑战的信心。(应用文写作之感谢信) ⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] From then on, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 I also knew the truth—fear never builds the future, but hope does.  从那时起,我不仅能很好地写作,而且我也明白了真相——恐惧永远不会建立未来,但希望会。 Keys:④which not just equips me with the ability to express myself fluently　⑤not only did I have a good command of writing but Para5, Line7, Page2 Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。 句式点拨 主语＋be＋adj.＋to do 特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 使用条件：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；这种结构通常出现在一些表示状态、特征或情感的形容词后面。常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting, important, necessary等。 例句 The door is easy to open. 这扇门很容易打开。 分析：虽然不定式是“to open”，但逻辑上是“the door”被打开，因此“to open”表示被动意义。 The book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 分析：虽然不定式是“to understand”，但逻辑上是“the book”被理解，因此“to understand”表示被动意义。 The problem is hard to solve. 这个问题很难解决。 分析：虽然不定式是“to solve”，但逻辑上是“the problem”被解决，因此“to solve”表示被动意义。 完成句子 ① It is comfortable to live in the room whose window faces south. →The room whose window faces south is comfortable to live in. ②I am fluent in English and __________________________________________(我容易相处). ③ ____________________________________________(这个问题很难回答)，so he just stood there silently, blushing with embarrassment. Keys: ②easy to get along with ③The question is difficult to answer Exercise4, Line1, Page3 Which period of Western art do you like most? Why are you fond of it? 你最喜欢西方艺术的哪个时期？为什么喜欢它？ be fond of 喜爱；喜欢 “be＋形容词＋of”短语集锦 be tired of 对……厌倦 be aware of 意识到；知道 be proud of 为……自豪 be sure of 确信；肯定 完成句子 ①A lot of people think that it’s better to pay for their education so that they can be sure getting quality. ②Learning that you ，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. If you ，you won’t be pessimistic about your school life. In my opinion，in the future you will . All in all，keep calm and you will sooner or later. 得知你厌倦了高中的学习，我写信给你提供一些建议。如果你意识到知识的重要性，你就不会对你的学校生活感到悲观。在我看来，将来你会为你现在的努力感到骄傲。总之，保持冷静，你迟早会喜欢学习的。(应用文写作之建议信) Keys:①of ②Learning that you are tired of studying in senior high school，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. If you are aware of the importance of knowledge，you won’t be pessimistic about your school life. In my opinion，in the future you will be proud of your present efforts. All in all，keep calm and you will be fond of learning sooner or later. 附录：课文汉语译文 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTNG 西方绘画艺术简史 What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) 中世纪(5世纪到15世纪) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪时因乔托・迪・邦多纳(1267-1337)而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实的环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴时期(14世纪到17世纪) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio(1401-1428) Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。因此，画家较少关注宗教主题。他们开始采取一种更人性化的生活态度。这一时期的个重要突破是马萨乔(1401-1428)对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如昂纳多达芬・奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light 另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格,一些最好的油画看上去就像是照片。尽管早在达芬・奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上流社会人士都想购买自己和所爱之人的准确照片。其他人则想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户都想要看起来美丽有趣的画作。 Impressionism( late 19th to early 20th century) 印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期 The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国应运而生。这个新运动的名字来源于克劳德・莫奈(1840-1926)的一幅名为《印象日出》的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想传达场景中的光线和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是场景本身的详细记录。 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoirs paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 虽然许多印象派画家描绘了自然或日常生活场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿(1841-1919年)则以人物为关注对象。雷诺阿的画作与那个时代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他不仅试图展示他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还展示他们内心的温暖和人性。 Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)现代艺术(20世纪至今) After Impressionism. subsequent artists began to ask. What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art? 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们该做什么?” 像毕加索(1881-1973)这样的画家试图用一种新的方法——立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人则赋予他们的画中一种写实但又像梦一样的品质特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题 “什么是艺术?” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$